čulo vida (2)
TRANSCRIPT
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“Čuvaj to kao oči u glavi!”
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OKO – organ vida
• organ čula vida
• oko je smešteno u očnoj dupli lobanje
• čine ga GLAVNI i POMOĆNI delovi
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Funkcionalna organizacija čula vida
OKO
OPTICKI NERV
CENTAR ZA VID U MOZGU
OKOM GLEDAMO, MOZGOM VIDIMO!!
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GLAVNI DEO OKA -OČNA JABUČICA
TRI OVOJNICE• beonjača• sudovnjača• mrežnjača
UNUTRAŠNJOST• očna vodica• sočivo• staklasto telo
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Građa oka
Beonjča
Sudovnjača
Mrežnjača
Žuta mrlja
Slepa mrljaOčna vodica
SočivoStaklasto telo
Zenica
Rožnjača
Dužica
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ŽUTA I SLEPA MRLJA
ŽUTA MRLJA- mjesto na mrežnjači sa najviše čulnih
ćelija (nalazi se nasuprot zenice)
SLEPA MRLJA- mesto na mrežnjači bez čulnih ćelija;
izlaz optičkog nerva prema mozgu
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POMOĆNI DELOVI OKA
- imaju zaštitnu funkciju
-mišići pokretači – pokreću očnu jabučicu-suzne žlezde, vežnjača-oblaže unutrašnju stranu kapaka i prednji deo jabučice osim rožnjače;
Obrva
Gornji kapak
Trepavice
Donji kapak
Odvodni kanal suzna žlezda
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PRILAGODJAVANJE
prilagodjavanje oka nakoličinu svetlosti
prilagođavanjegledanju predmeta narazličitoj udaljenosti
od oka
Zenica Sočivo
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GLEDAM I VIDIM• svetlost mora proći kroz providne delove oka• rožnjača i sočivo prelamaju zrake svetlosti• u žutoj mrlji nastaje umanjena i obrnuta slika• svetlosni nadražaj se pretvara u nervni impuls koji
putuje do centra za vid
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MANE OKA
• KRATKOVIDNOST- dobro se vide bliski predmeti, ali ne i udaljeni- udubljene sočiva
• DALEKOVIDNOST- dobro se vide udaljeni
predmeti, a bliski se ne vide jasno
- ispupčena sočiva
A-kratkovidno oko; B–zdravo oko; C-dalekovidno oko
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SLABOVIDNOST- nepotpun gubitak vida
UPALA OČNE SLUZOKOž E- nastaje zbog zaraze virusima i bakterijama; dima, vetra i prašine
SLEPILO- najteža mana oka; potpuno izgubljena sposobnost vida (različiti razlozi)
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SIVA MRENA- zbog procesa
starenja zamuti se očno sočivo i postane neprozirno
SLEPILO ZA BOJE (daltonizam)- genetički poremećaj
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ZANIMLJIVOSTI
- gotovo 90% poruka iz okoline primamo vidom
- optičke varke su pogrešno stvorene slike (zbog tromosti oka)
- mrežnnjača sadrži oko 125 miliona štapića i oko 5,5 miliona čepića
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PRIMJERI OPTIČKIH VARKI
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Da li su žute linije jednake dužine?
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Šta vidimo patku ili zeca?
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NEKOLIKO PITANJA1. Objasni organizaciju čula vida!2. Navedi glavne delove oka!3. Objasni prilagođavanje oka na daljinu i na količinu svetlosti!4. Šta je žuta mrlja?5. Kako nastaje slika u oku i mozgu?6. Zbog čega se javlja kratkovidnost
odnosno dalekovidnost?7. Koji deo oka hrani oko?8. Koji su pomoćni delovi oka?
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Ponavljanje – građa oka
Beonjča
Sudovnjača
Mrežnjača
Žuta pega
Slepa mrljaOčna vodica
SočivoStaklasto telo
Zenica
Rožnjača
Dužica
Cilijarno telo