current situation of nuclear power generation in...

The Federation of Electric Power Companies

Current Situation of Nuclear

Power Generation in Japan

The Federation of Electric Power

Companies of Japan

February 24, 2016


1 1 Current Situation of Nuclear Power Generation in Japan

Fukushima Daini

➊➋➌➍

Takahama ➊➋➌➍

Kashiwazaki kariwa ➊➋➌➍➎➏➐

Shika ➊➋

Tsuruga ➊➋

Mihama ➊➋➌

Ohi ➊➋➌➍

Shimane ➊➋

Genkai

➊➋➌➍

Ikata ➊➋➌

Hamaoka ➌➍➎

Tokai Daini ➊

Fukushima Daiichi

➊➋➌➍➎➏

Onagawa ➊➋➌

Higashidori ➊

Tomari ➊➋➌

● In Operation ● Under review/Inspection ● Under preparation ● To be decommissioned

As of 31 Jan., 2016

Sendai ➊➋

Due to the earthquake on March 11, 2011 and outage that followed, all 54 units were shut down in May 2012. Since then, 6 units declared decommissioning due to the accident, and 5 units declared decommissioning in March 2015. Sendai Unit 1 restarted commercial operation on September 10, 2015.

Operating Units after 3.11 in Japan

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

10 units were shutdown due

to the earthquake

Ohi 3 and 4 restarted

in July 2012

Ohi 3 and 4 went into

the outage in

September 2013

Sendai 1

restarted in

August 2015

Before 3.11

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Nu

mb

er o

f O

per

atin

g U

nit

s


2 Impact of Shutdown of Nuclear Power Stations since the Earthquake

Due to increase of burnup at thermal power stations following shutdown of all nuclear power plants after the earthquake, approximately 90% of generated energy relies on thermal power. All 3E’s were impaired.

31.0%

25.0%

46.2%

29.3%

10.6%

7.5% 28.6%

9.0%

8.5%

3.2%

1.1%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

After the

earthquake (2014)

Before the

earthquake (2010)

Coal LNG Oil Nuclear power Hydraulic power Renewable energy (excluding hydraulic power)

All 3E’s (energy security, economy, environmental conservation) are impaired

Energy security

(reliance on fossil fuel)

(approx. 60% ⇒ approx. 90%)

Composition ratio of generated energy

Economy (increase of thermal power fuel cost)

(increase of approx. 4 trillion yen)

Environmental conservation

(increase of amount of CO2 emitted)

(increase of approx. 100 million tons of CO2)

Note: Figures in red in ( ) are comparison of FY2010 and FY2014

Reliance on thermal power increases


3 Energy Policy in Japan after the Earthquake

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Nuclear power Oil Coal LNG Wind power (land) Solar power (mega)

Policy expenses

Accident risk response cost

CO2 measure expenses

Fuel cost

Operation maintenance cost

Additional safety measure expenses

Capital cost

○Nuclear power generation is an important base load power supply, but its ratio will be reduced as much as possible

○Restart is promoted for nuclear power stations that have conformed to new regulatory requirements

○Nuclear fuel cycle including reprocessing and use of MOX will continue to be promoted

Framework of basic energy plan (related to nuclear power) [April 2014]

Development of energy mix plan [April 2015]

○Composition ratio of power supply in 2030

Nuclear power Oil Coal LNG Renewable energy

Around 20-22% Around 3% Around 26% Around 27% Around 22-24%

For simultaneous achievement of S and 3E’s, nuclear power generation is an important base load power supply.

Cost of nuclear power generation is cheap, even when taking accident risk response cost into account.

Ratio of nuclear power generation among power supplies will be maintained at around 20-22% in FY2030.

Trial calculation of cost by power supply (trial calculation of 2014 model plant) [April 2015] （Yen/kWh）


4 Approach of Operators in Japan Concerning Nuclear Power

(1) Continue to use nuclear power as an

important power supply excelling in 3E’s.

(2) Promote restart of nuclear power stations

that conform to regulatory requirements, in

full-scale.

(3) Make efforts for the completion of the

reprocessing facility as there is no change in

importance of the nuclear fuel cycle.

Viewpoint of “S+3E” is important

when thinking about energy

Approach of operators in Japan concerning

“nuclear power”

Energy Security

Economy Environmental

Conservation

Safety For use of nuclear power, major premise is

safety (S)

We, the operators in Japan, continue to make efforts to use nuclear power station and to establish nuclear fuel cycle. For use of nuclear power, major premise is safety.


5 Years of Operation about Nuclear Power Generation in Japan (As of January 31,2016)

1966

1

1967 1968 1969 1970

3

1971

4

1972

5

1973 1974

8

1975

10

1976

13

1977

14

1978

18

1979

21

1980 1981

22

1982

24

1983 1984

27

1985

32

1986 1987

35

1988 1989

37

1990

39

1991

41

1992 1993

45

1994

48

1995

49

1996

50

1997

52

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

53

2003 2004 2005

55

2006

56

2007 2008 2099

57

Tokai Fukushima

Daiichi-1

： Decided to be decommissioned

Over 40 years

：Applied for over 40 years operation

After 30 ～ 39 years

After 10 ～ 19 years After 20 ～ 29 years After 0 ～ 9 years

○April,2015 5 units were declared decommissioning ○March,1998

The Japan Atomic Power Company Tokai was decommissioned

○January,2009 Chubu Electric Power

Hamaoka 1,2 were decommissioned

○April,2012 TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY

Fukushima Daiichi 1～4 were declared decommissioning →Being carried out decommissioning and contaminated water countermeasures based on medium and long term road map ○January,2014

TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY

Fukushima Daiichi 5,6 were declared decommissioning

Tsuruga

1

Mihama

1 Mihama

2

Fukushima

Daiichi-2

Fukushima

Daiichi-3

Fukushima

Daiichi-4 Fukushima

Daiichi-6

Fukushima

Daiichi-5

Takahama

1

Takahama

2 Mihama

3

Hamaoka

1

Hamaoka

2

Hamaoka

3

Hamaoka

4

Hamaoka

5

Ohi 1

Ohi 2

Ohi 3

Ohi 4

Shimane

1

Shimane

2

Ikata 2 Ikata 1

Ikata 3

Fukushima

Daini-1

Fukushima

Daini-2

Fukushima

Daini-3

Fukushima

Daini-4

Takahama

3

Takahama

4

Sendai

1

Sendai

2

Onagawa

2

Onagawa

1

Genkai

2 Genkai

1

Genkai

3

Genkai

4

Onagawa

3

Kashiwazaki

kariwa -1

Kashiwazaki

kariwa -5

Kashiwazaki

kariwa -2

Kashiwazaki

kariwa -3

Kashiwazaki

kariwa -4

Kashiwazaki

kariwa -6

Kashiwazaki

kariwa -7 Tomari

2

Tsuruga

2

Tokai Daini

Tomari

1

Tomari

3

Shika 1

Higashidori

1 Shika 2

Commencement of commercial operation

Commencement of commercial operation

Number of Units

Number of Units


6 Decommissioning Schedule （Tokai Power Station）

97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

【Japanese fiscal year】

▼Termination of operation (Mar.31)

▼Submission of reactor dismantling application (Oct.4)

Discharge and shipment of fuel

May 28 Jun.21

Reactor area dismantling

Dismantling of RPV

Preparatory work Removal of conventional facilities etc.

Removal of buildings

Actual achievement

▼Notification of charge(Jul.30)

Removal of SRUs etc.

Removal of except reactor area

▼Approval of decommissioning plan(Jun.30)

14

Reactor area safe-store

▼Notification of charge(Dec.19)

Removal of conventional facilities of each building etc.


7 Outline of Tokai Power Station Decommissioning Work

：Decommissioning work area

First Phase Second Phase

Removal of except reactor area Removal of except reactor area (mainly SRUs)

Third Phase

Reactor area dismantling Removal of building

Charge machine

FeedWater Pump and others

Turbine-generators and others

House Boiler and others

Cartridge Cooling Pond

and cleaning and draining of CCP

SRU: steam raising unit

Biological shield

Reactor internals & Reactor Pressure Vessel

Note: Basement and foundation of building will not be removed

House Boiler and others

Charge machine

(Figures in red were completed)


8 Outline of SRU Removal

【 Illustrated image of work 】 remote-operated cutting device

〔Layout of cutting device 〕〔Primary cutting 〕〔Transport of cut piece〕〔Secondary cutting 〕

Install of temporary

frame and jack device

Jacking down

（tier 1-9）

Removal of temporary

frame and jack device

Cutting area

(3FL)

jack device ・SRU height：２４ｍ diameter：６ｍ weight：７５０ｔ

・‘Tier’ height ：１．７～３．２ｍ

diameter ：６ｍ

weight ：５４～１３５ｔ thickness：５４～９４ｍｍ


9 Enhancement of Safety Improvement Measures

after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident

Scope of measures after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power

Station accident

- Accident management

measures by normal

system equipment to

avoid core damage and

containment vessel

damage caused

Desig

n b

asis B

eyo

nd

desig

n b

asis (severe accid

ent)

Mitig

ation o

f imp

act of accid

ent

Prevention of large-scale release

Prevention of damage of

containment vessel

(suppression of release /

mitigation of spread)

4th phase

Interlock, etc. Prevention of abnormality 1st phase

Detection of abnormality / shutdown system, etc. Prevention of

abnormal spread 2nd phase

Emergency core cooling system, containment vessel spray system, etc.

Prevention of core damage

Maintaining integrity of

containment vessel

Prevention of

severe core

damage

3rd phase

Prevention of human damages

Recovery of environment

5th phase

【Measures immediately

after the accident】

【Further safety improvement

measures】

Accident management

- Establishment of nuclear emergency support organization

- Emergency safety measures Securing of power supply Securing of cooling Flooding measures

【Measures before the

accident】

- Severe accident measures - Preparation of heavy

machinery for removal of debris, etc.

- Enhancement of emergency response structure

【Enhancement of design for natural events】

Disaster

prevention

- Securing of power supply

- Securing of cooling

- Anti-seismic administration building

- Filter vent facility

- Facilities for handling specific severe accidents

(Key

)

Scope of measures before the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power

Station accident

- Enhancement of tornado measures

- Enhancement of earthquake measures

- Enhancement of tsunami measures

- Enhancement of fire measures


10

Measures immediately after the accident

Measures to Secure Power Supply and Cooling, and to Prevent Flooding (Examples of Measures by Hardware)

Emergency safety measures

Securing of power supply

Preparation of power source cars

Securing of cooling

Preparation of portable pumps and hoses

Flooding measures

Application of waterproofing seal to penetration

Currently being implemented (examples of measures)

Further safety improvement measures

Preparation of air-cooled emergency generator

Preparation of large-capacity pump truck

Replacement to watertight door

Seawater pump waterproof wall

Raising of seawall

Preparation of reserve seawater pump motor components

Anti-seismic building

Water cannon


11 Natural Event Measures (Examples of Measures by Hardware)

Further safety improvement measures – natural event measures

Earthquake measures (example)

(1) Seismic reinforcement of pipe support Enhance seismic support

Add seismic support

(2) Stabilization of surrounding slope

Amount of excavated earth and sand Mountaintop: 60,200m3

Hillside: 34,000m3

Tsunami measures (example)

(1) Raising of seawall (2) Installation of tide gate (3) Seawater pump

waterproof wall

[Intake side]

Enhancement of fire measures (example)

(1) Installation of sprinklers (2) Installation of fire

spread prevention wall

Installation of sprinklers

(approx. 1600 areas / 2 units)

Tornado measures (example) <Top> Steel fence

absorbs energy of flying objects

(1) Measure to protect against flying objects

<Side> Penetration is prevented with steel plate


12 Measures to Improve Emergency Response Structure (Examples of Measures by Software)

Measures immediately after the accident

Enhancement of emergency response

structure

○Increase of initial response

personnel

○Development of operation

assistance structure

○Enhancement of liaison and

support structure with

manufacturer

○Development of manual and

training

○Securing of communication

method that does not

breakdown, etc.

Establishment of nuclear emergency

Support Center

Transfer to nuclear emergency support

organization

Currently being implemented (examples of measures)

○24-hour on-call standby for 365 days ○Training and development of personnel ○Maintenance and management of robots and other equipment and materials, etc.

Robot operation training

Further safety improvement measures

Development as a disaster response organization with the world’s highest level of standards that is capable of diversified and high-level disaster response under high radiation dose

Small robot, small UAV Wireless heavy machinery

Wireless relay van

Collection of information, opening and closing of door

Removal of obstacles and debris

Heavy machinery control truck


13 Status of Review for Checking Conformity to New Regulatory Requirements

Restart

Ap

plic

atio

n fo

r perm

ission

an

d

ap

pro

val fro

m o

pera

tors

(1) Review for permission for changes

in reactor installation

(2) Review for approval of plan for construction works

(3) Review for approval of technical specifications

Prep

ara

tion

for

startu

p

(4)

Pre-service

inspection

Perm

ission

（com

pletio

n o

f rev

iew o

f (1)

）

(3)

Ap

pro

val

Review of earthquakes and

tsunami

[Design basis earthquake

ground motion]

Review of plant facilities

Rev

ised a

s

necessa

ry

Dev

elop

men

t of

dra

ft review

d

ocu

men

ts

Pu

blic

com

men

ts

(5) Procedures to gain understanding of

the local community

Revised as necessary

(2)

Ap

pro

val

Ap

plica

tion

*Takahama Units 1 and 2 applied for approval of extension of operation period to 60 years

Tom

ari 1

2 3

Ohi 3

4

Gen

kai 3

4

Tak

aham

a 3

Sen

dai 1

2

Ikata 3

Mih

ama 3

Tak

aham

a

1 2

Tak

aham

a 4

24 units applied for review for checking conformity to New Regulatory Requirements. 5 units gained permission for changes in reactor installation, 1 unit restarted operation, 2 units are undergoing pre-service inspection, and 2 units are having their plan for construction works reviewed.

Revised as necessary

BW

R u

nits


14 Restart status of nuclear power plants in Japan

【Restart status】

Sendai unit 1 restarted commercial operation in September 2015, and Sendai unit 2

restarted commercial operation in November 2015.

Takahama unit 3 started up the reactor (on January 29, 2016) and reached criticality

(on January 30, 2016) and connected the generator in parallel and started generating

power (on February 1, 2016) and now is preparing for commercial operation.

Takahama unit 4 finished fuel loading and now is preparing for start-up.

Takahama unit 3 Takahama unit 4

Plan for construction Aug. 4, 2015 approval Oct. 9, 2015 approval

Operational safty program

Oct. 9, 2015 approval

Pre-operational inspection

Aug. 4, 2015 applied Aug. 17, 2015 started

Oct. 14, 2015 applied Oct. 21, 2015 started

Fuel loading finished(Dec. 25～Dec. 28) finished（Jan. 31～Feb. 3）

Reactor startup Jan. 29, 2016 In Feb. 2016 scheduled

Comprehensive inspection

In late Feb. 2016 scheduled

In Mar. 2016 scheduled


15

Restart of

operationAug

Aug. 2

015

No

v. 2

015

Jun. 2

016

Local consent

No

v. 2

014

No

v. 2

014

Dec. 2

015

Dec. 2

015

Oct. 2

015

Technical

Specifications

May

. 2015

May

. 2015

Oct. 2

015

Oct. 2

015

Inspection

Mar. –

2015

Ju

n. –

2015

A

ug. –

2015

O

ct. –

2015

Construction

plan

authorization

Mar.

2015

May

.

2015

Aug.

2015

Oct.

2015

6m

8m

6m

8m

Approval (Review period)

Sep

.

2014

Sep

.

2014

Feb

.

2015

Feb

.

2015

Jul.

2016

6m

6m

9m

9m

8m

Ss finalized (Period)

Mar.

2014

Mar.

2014

May

2014

May

2014

Aug.

2014

Aug.

2014

Oct.

2014

Oct.

20

14

Dec.

20

14

May

2014

May

2014

Dec.

2015

Dec.

2015

Dec

2014

Jun.

2016

Jun.

2016

Dec.

20

14

Oct.

20

14

Oct.

20

14

Aug

.

20

14

Dec.

20

14

8m

8m

10m

10m

13m

13m

15m

15m

17m

29m

29m

29m

28m

28m

Application

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Mar. 2

015

Mar. 2

015

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Jul. 2

013

Sep

. 2013

Sep

. 2013

Dec.2

013

Dec.2

013

Feb

. 2014

May

2014

Jun. 2

014

Aug. 2

014

Dec.2

014

Mar. 2

015

Jun. 2

015

No

v. 2

015

Examination

Team ＢＣＡＢＡＣＣＣＣＤＤＤＤＢＢＢＢＡＤ

Plant

Sen

dai 1

Sen

dai 2

Tak

aham

a 3

Tak

aham

a 4

Gen

kai 3

Gen

kai 4

Oh

i 3

Oh

i 4

Ikata 3

Tak

aham

a 1

Tak

aham

a 2

To

mari 1

To

mari 2

To

mari 3

KK

6

KK

7

Sh

iman

e 2

On

agaw

a 2

Ham

aoka 4

To

kai D

aini

Hig

ashid

ori 1

Sh

ika 2

Om

a

Mih

ama 3

Ham

aoak

a 3

Tsu

ruga 2

Ikata 1

Oh

i 1

Oh

i 2

Gen

kai 2

Ikata 2

Fu

ku

shim

a Dain

i 2

Fu

ku

shim

a Dain

i 2

On

agaw

a 1

Fu

ku

shim

a Dain

i 3

KK

1

Fu

ku

shim

a Dain

i 4

KK

5

KK

2

Sh

ika 1

KK

3

KK

4

On

agaw

a 3

Ham

aoak

a 5

Sh

iman

e 3

※2 ※2 ※１ ※１ ※１ ※１ ※１

No application presented

yet: 19 plants

Examination teams

Plants: 4 teams A~D

Seismic ground motion: 1 team E

※1: Issue presented by fracture zone inspection within site

No. of plants

※2: NRA decided to give priority to Kashiwazaki Kariwa 6&7 by

reviewing TEPCO’s license application regarding their

facilities (not the seismic issue) first among the applications of

four utilities operating BWR reactors. NRA added that this

does not mean these two reactors will restart the earliest

among BWR plants

Progress Toward Restart of operation


16 Efforts Made to Improve Safety -Aiming for the World’s Highest Level of Safety-

Imp

rov

emen

t of sa

fety a

nd

reliab

ility

- On-site electric facility measures

- Cooling and water injection facility

measures

- Flooding prevention measures

- Containment vessel damage and

hydrogen explosion measures - Enhancement of disaster prevention measures

Reflection of good practices

and new knowledge inside and

outside Japan

Engage in the entire nuclear

power industry Further safety improvement measures

Before accident

Immediately after accident

Present Efforts aiming

for the world’s

highest level of

safety

Establishment of JANSI and Nuclear

Risk Research Center

Core damage is prevented even

when all 3 functions (all AC

power supply, seawater cooling

function, spent fuel pool

cooling function) are lost due

to beyond-design-basis tsunami

as it occurred at Fukushima

Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.

Emergency safety

measures

- Securing of power

supply

- Securing of cooling

- Flooding measures

etc.

Thorough safety improvement measures are implemented under a strong leadership with the determination to “continue making reforms and aim for the world’s highest level of safety”.


17

ＪＡＮＳＩ

Nuclear operator

Nuclear Risk Research Center

Plant manufacturer

Reflection of Good Practices and New Knowledge Inside and Outside Japan

Reflection of good practices and new knowledge inside and outside Japan

Role of JANSI and Nuclear Risk Research Center

Good practices inside and outside Japan, etc.

Continuous

improvement of safety

Suggestion and recommendation for achieving excellence through peer reviews

Excellence setting

Research result Suggestion based on research result, checking of implementation status

Proposal of improvement measures

Sharing


18

JANSI

Efforts of JANSI

All presidents are to support activities of JANSI under the strong sense of crisis that “there will be no future for nuclear power in Japan unless JANSI functions”.

JANSI was established in November 2012 aiming to become Japan’s version of INPO, under the determination to “never again let the Fukushima Daiichi accident occur”. Mission is “untiring pursuit of the highest standards of excellence” in

Japan’s nuclear power industry. Aim to acquire equivalency as WANO peer review. Plan to establish a structure as a self-regulation organization after 5

years of establishment.


19 Efforts of Nuclear Risk Research Center

Nuclear Risk Research Center (NRRC)

Operators are to commit to activities of NRRC and reflect the result in their safety improvement activities, in order to make the risk management structure more robust.

On October 1, 2014, NRRC was established as the base for research and development necessary for voluntary improvement of safety of nuclear power generation. Research concerning low-frequency external events such as

earthquakes and tsunami

Supports structuring of PRA comparable to international standards, in order to structure “good PRA” which is helpful in decision-making of operators using risk information


20 Conclusion

We, nuclear operators in Japan, will continue to

proactively take action aiming for world’s highest level of

safety as the ones with prime responsibility for securing

safety of nuclear power stations.

We will continue to operate nuclear power stations with

safety first policy.

current situation of nuclear power generation in...

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