cutting tool materials ( 공구 재질 )

MachiningMachiningManufacturing ProcessesManufacturing Processes

© 2012 Su-Jin Kim GNU© 2012 Su-Jin Kim GNU

Cutting Tool Materials ( 공구 재질 )• HSS ( 하이스 )• Carbide ( 초경 )• Cermet• CBN• Diamond



Cutting-Tool Materials

• A cutting tool has the following characteristics:1. Hardness ( 경도 ) at high temperature ~ Speed2. Toughness ( 인성 ) ~ Feed & depth3. Wear resistance ( 내마모성 )4. Chemical stability ( 화학적 안정성 )



HSS ( 하이스 )

HSS (High-speed steels)• HSS cuts faster than carbon tool steel, hence the name

high speed steel, but slower than carbide tools.• It is often used in power saw blades and drill bits.

TiN-Coated HSS• PVD (physical vapor deposition), TiN coating reduces

tool wear.

HSS Drill: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98DvSQNHLMU



Carbides ( 초경 )

Carbides• Better wear resistance, stiffness, hot hardness• Tungsten carbide: WC + Co(for toughness) powder

metallurgy (sintered), suitable for non-ferrous, grey cast iron

• Titanium carbide: TiC + Co : TiC is suitable for steel and cast iron

Coated Carbide• Carbide + TiC, TiN, Al2O3 coated by CVD (chemical vapor deposition)• Chemically stable greatly reduce crater wear



CermetsCeramicsAluminum oxide(Al2O3), Silicon-nitride(SiN), cold pressed and hot

sinteredHot hardness ↑, toughness ↓ (chipping), thermal shock

CermetsCeramic(Al2O3) + metal binder(TiC)Hot hardness ↑, toughness ↓, thermal expansion ↑

Insert: less thermal stress, eliminate grinding by user, less setting time

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Om9gzgNPf80



Diamond, CBN

Diamond (Poly crystal diamond)• Hardest material, Not good for steel

CBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride)• 2nd hardest material, brittle, expensive

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAvfrrlMZg4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKxX50OMBd4&p=9B6D9EAE75875D9D



Tool materials

Tool materials, feeds, and cutting speeds• Characteristics of cutting-tool materials gives a range of

cutting speeds and feeds for different applications.

Coated HSS / HSS

Feed (Toughness)

Spe

ed (

Har

dnes

s)

Coated carbideCarbide

CermetCeramic

PCDCBN



Workpiece materials ( 소재 재질 )

• Workpiece materials and cutting speeds when Carbide tool or coated carbide tools is used for turning

Material Cutting speed (m/min)

Aluminum alloys 200-1000

Copper alloys 50-700

Cast iron, gray 60-900

Steels 50-500

Titanium alloys 10-100



Cutting Tool Makers ( 공구 제작사 )• www.taegutec.co.kr• www.yg1.co.kr



Cutting Fluids ( 절삭유 )

• Also called lubricants and coolants, cutting fluids.• Used extensively in machining operations to:1. Cool the cutting zone2. Reduce friction and wear3. Reduce forces and energy consumption4. Wash away chips5. Protect surfaces from any environmental attack



Sawing and saws ( 톱 )

• A cutting operation where the tool consists of a series of small teeth that removes material.

Belt sawDisk saw

cutting tool materials ( 공구 재질 )

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