C.W. ShelmerdineIntroduction to Greek 2nd edition(Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)

Chapter 23

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Almost all verbs in Greek are thematic verbs, because they have a thematic vowel (the / before the endings). They are also known as verbs, since their first principal part ends in . A small number of Greek verbs are athematic because they have no thematic vowel. These are known as verbs, since their first principal part ends in .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs These verbs display slightly different endings and sometimes feature small changes to their stems at unusual times. This system of endings also lies behind the forms of the aorist passive system.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Although there are very few verbs, some are very common.You first learned the most common verb, . In Chapter 14, you learned another verb, say.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular- - - plural- - - MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular- - - plural- - - present tense(with differences from thematic verbs noted)for for for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular- - -plural- - - PASSIVE singular- - - plural- - - imperfect tense(with differences from thematic verbs noted)for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsThis section shows the forms of four common verbs.Their principal parts are (with stems highlighted): , , , , , show, , , , -, put, , /, , , stand, , , , , give

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsThis section shows the present and imperfect indicative, from the first principal part., , , , , show, , , , -, put, , /, , , stand, , , , , give

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular plural MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular plural present tensestem =

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular plural MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular plural present tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular plural MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular plural present tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular plural MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular plural present tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural PASSIVE singular plural imperfect tensestem =

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural PASSIVE singular plural imperfect tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural PASSIVE singular plural imperfect tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural PASSIVE singular plural imperfect tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsThis section shows the aorist indicative, from the third principal part., , , , -, put, , , , , stand, , , , , give The aorist of () and the 1st (weak) aorist of () are both regular, so they are not shown separately.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural MIDDLE singular plural aorist tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural MIDDLE None. This tense is intransitive.Transitive active and middleforms belong to the (regular)1st (weak) aorist .aorist tense: stem = Notice that these forms resemble the regular aorist passive.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural MIDDLE singular ( ) plural aorist tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsn the infinitive mood, verbs use the ending in the active (as do the perfect active and aorist passive) and the regular in the middle.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent-aorist-MIDDLEpresent-aorist-infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresentaoristregular 1st (weak) MIDDLEpresentaoristregular 1st (weak)infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresentaorist MIDDLEpresentaorist infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresentaorist MIDDLEpresentaorist---infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresentaorist MIDDLEpresentaorist infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsn the participle mood, verbs resemble the 1st (weak) aorist. In the active, the forms are analogous to . The middle participles all use the regular - - -.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent aoristregular 1st (weak)MIDDLEpresent - - aoristregular 1st (weak)Participles

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent aorist MIDDLEpresent - - aorist - -ParticiplesThe active forms are like the regular aorist passive (Chapter 22.3).

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent aorist MIDDLEpresent - - aorist---ParticiplesThe active forms resemble .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent aorist MIDDLEpresent - - aorist - -Participles

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsn the imperative mood, verbs are mostly regular. In the present active, the 2nd person singular ending contracts (, , , ). In the aorist active, the 2nd person singular forms are , , and .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in () (similar to ). For the full declension, see section 5.

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. - - good or or better or or best

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -In rare cases, an adjective may display both types of comparative. short or shorter or shortest

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -Note the difference in meaning of this comparative. - each - - each (of two)

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in (). - - hostile more hostile most hostile

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in (). - - bad or worse worst

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in (). - - beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in (). big bigger biggest

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in (). - - small or smaller - - or smallest

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in (). - - small , or smaller - - or smallest

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in (). many or more most

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in (). easy easier easiest

Shelmerdine Chapter 234. Further comparison of adjectives in -, -As in English, a handful of common adjectives form their comparative and superlative irregularly. In Greek, these adjectives mostly have comparatives in (). swift , swifter swiftest

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 235. Declension of comparatives -Most 3rd declension adjectives regularly drop the final vowel (or --) from their stem and add - to form the comparative and - to form the superlative. sweet- (stem) sweeter sweetest

Shelmerdine Chapter 235. Declension of comparatives -This type of comparative is declined like the adjective prudent except that the nom and acc pl, and acc sg, m/f forms sometimes contract.

Shelmerdine Chapter 235. Declension of comparatives Like third declension nouns, the masculine and feminine forms are identical.singular plural Voc. = nom.

Shelmerdine Chapter 235. Declension of comparatives The neuter forms are the same as the masculine/feminine, but with the Neuter Law applied.singular Voc. = nom.plural Voc. = nom.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23for tomorrow (Wednesday, February 23, 2011):Quiz: endings for - verbs (slides 7-8). Prepare Reading Crocodiles for class.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 . , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 . , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ( ) , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 , . , . , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 , . , . , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 , . . , . , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 , . . , . , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 , . , . .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 , . , . .

Shelmerdine Chapter 231 , , .

piety reckoning suffering desired

Shelmerdine Chapter 232 , , 3 . yearn to eternal (gen.) two piety - life temporary when they (the two things, and ) lay there in front (of her) safety promise - soul

Shelmerdine Chapter 234 . , . parent (aor. pass. part.) one who has been born put a seal onto awesome (mothers) standing up - shape similarity suffering - sympathetic How can I explain child-loving - soul character, stamp

Shelmerdine Chapter 235 , . 6 , weak-souled = plant in = pregnancy by just as much giving birth a lot come to be tender love child-loving

Shelmerdine Chapter 237 , 8 .( 15.1-8) compel temporary sympathy, compassion safety fear (aor.) looked past - labor pain

Shelmerdine Chapter 23for tomorrow (Thursday, February 24, 2011):Quiz: no quiz the day before an exam.Finish reading and review for Exam 2.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Exam 2 (Monday, February 28, 2011):For (principal parts given), write out all forms of the 1st/2nd/3rd person, sing/pl, present/imperfect/aorist indicative/infinitive. Test will specify either active or middle. Given a noun and verb, write out the full declension of the noun with its definite article and the present participle of the verb (test will specify either active or middle).

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Exam 2 (Monday, February 28, 2011):Translate a brief passage into clear, idiomatic English. Parse selected words from this passage.

****************************************************************Egyptian deity Sebek with crocodile head**********