DASH•EM DASH

•EN DASH

EM DASH• It is slightly longer than en dash(–) and hyphen(-).

• Its symbol is (—).

• It is most versatile punctuation mark and can replace commas, parenthesis and colons.

• Em dash can replace commas to enhance readability:-

Example:- And yet, when the car was finally delivered—nearly three months after it was ordered—she decided she no longer wanted it.

Em dashes in place of parenthesis:- Upon discovering the errors—all 124 of them—the publisher

immediately recalled the books.

• It is used to draw the attention of the reader.

• Em dash can replace of colon for sake of emphasis:-

After months of deliberation, the jurors reached a unanimous verdict—guilty.

The en dash (–) is slightly wider than the hyphen(-) but narrower than the em dash(—).

It is used to represent a span or range of numbers:- The 2010–2011 season was our best yet.

The en dash is used to report scores or results of contests:-

Spain beat Brazil 6–2 in the final game of the regular season.

It can be used to represent conflict or connection:- The liberal–conservative debate. The Los Angeles–London flight.

 .

It is used in compound adjectives. She is a National Book Award–winning novelist.

PARENTHESIS

ParenthesisParentheses (always used in pairs) allow a writer to provide

additional information. The president (and his assistant) traveled by private jet.

Numbered or lettered lists should use a pair of parentheses to enclose the numbers or letters.  Please submit the following four items with your application: (1)

a cover letter, (2) a resume, and (3) a college transcript.

Time zones are usually enclosed in parentheses following the time. The conference call will be held at 9:00 a.m. (PST).

Short translations in unquoted text can be placed in parentheses. His knowledge of Portuguese is limited to obrigado (thank

you).

While using abbreviations the full term can can be provided in parenthesis. My father is a JCO(Junior commisoned officer).

EXCALAMTION MARK

Exclamation pointIt is used at the end of an emphatic

declaration, interjection, or command.It’s symbol is (!).

"No!" he yelled. “Do it now!”An exclamation mark may be used to close questions that

are meant to convey extreme emotion, as in What on earth are you doing! Stop!

An exclamation mark can be inserted within parentheses to emphasize a word within a sentence. We have some really (!) low-priced rugs on sale this week.

An exclamation mark will often accompany mimetically produced sounds, as in All night long, the dog’s woof! In my neighbor's yard.