Dawn Wright and Emily LarkinDavey Jones Locker Lab

Department of Geosciences

Oregon State University, USA

GIS Benthic Terrain Workshop

Schedule - Day 1, Mon

• 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - Intro • 9:30-10:00 – Break - Technical Setup• 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1:

Exploring the Reefs– all modules include intro lecture, then

hands-on work

• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch• 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – Seafloor mapping

techniques and GIS analysis• 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2:

Benthic Classifications

Schedule - Day 2, Tues• 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3:

Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA)

• 10:30-11:00 – Dawn – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool

• 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool

• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch• 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion

period

Tuesday, 2:30

• American Samoa GIS User Group Meeting

• DOC Conference Room, Pago Pago

Graphics courtesy of Joe Breman, ESRI and NOAA Biogeography Program

Fisheries

Conservation Value

Kelp

Resilience?

Sediments

Bathymetry

Shoreline

Options/Decisions

Non-consumptiveRecreational Activities

GIS: A Spatial ContextIntegrating Many Parts to See the

Whole

Spatial Reasoning

PlanningPlanningPlanningPlanning

AnalyzingAnalyzingAnalyzingAnalyzing

ThinkingThinkingThinkingThinking

MeasuringMeasuringMeasuringMeasuring DecidingDecidingDecidingDeciding

ScienceGraphics courtesy of ESRI

From Spatial Reasoning to Policy & Management

From Wright and Halpin, in press, 2004, Spatial reasoning for terra incognita: Grand challenges and progress of marine GIS, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.

Halpin, AAAS, 2004

GIS: A Spatial ContextSeeing the Whole to Manage

PlacesSeeing the WholeSeeing the Whole Managing PlacesManaging Places

• Estuaries

• Fisheries

• Marine Protected Areas

• Coastal Communities

• Patterns

• Linkages

• Trends

Graphics courtesy of ESRI

Santa RosaIsland

Santa CruzIsland

Anacapa I.

State Boundary

Sanctuary Boundary

Oregonian Bioregion

Transition Zone

Californian Bioregion

Santa Barbara Island

PointConception

Santa Barbara

Area of Detail

Effective April 9, 2003

San Miguel I.

From Airame, S., in press, 2004, Channel Islands Marine Sanctuary: Advancing the science and policy of marine protected areas, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.

Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GISGIS

Survey Station Database Survey Catch Database

Weightedmodel

Stationdata

Catchdata

Spatial Analyst (Kriging)

Stations with Fish Biodiversity Index(Shannon-Weaver)

Maturity Analysis

Juvenile Length Analysis

One to Many Table Join

Continued

SeaWiFS Satellite

Imagery of Chlorophyll

High 1° Production

Raster

1°Production Raster Calculator

Analysis

Remote SensingData

Catch & Station Data

Biodiversity Analysis

Biodiversity Raster

SpawningAggregation

Spatial Analyst (Kriging)

SpawningRaster

Nursery Areas

NurseryRaster

Spatial Analyst (Kriging)

Ocean Current

data

Oceanographic Database

Drift BuoyAnalysis

Source &Sink Areas

Source/SinkRaster

ImportantBiological

AreasRaster

Spatial Analyst (Kriging)

By OrSt grad student Chad Keith

Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GISGIS

PotentialMPA’s

CommercialCatchdata

Commercial Database

Commercial Effort & Revenue

Analysis

Commercial Port & Fleet Capacity

Analysis

Biological Layer

ImportantBiological

AreasRaster

Fleet CapacityAreas

(no MPA’s)

ImportantCommercial Fishing Areas(no MPA’s)

EconomicLayer

Spatial Overlay(Union)

No MPARaster

Raster Calculator Analysis

Raster Calculator

Analysis

By OrSt grad student Chad Keith

Gulf of MaineGulf of MaineGeorges BankGeorges Bank

Example of MPA Example of MPA ExclusionExclusion Areas Areas

75 km

50 km

By OrSt grad student Chad Keith

Pre-Footrope Regulation

Tows 1998-1999

Reference Site 2

Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat

-Scale 1 : 56,000

1,000Meters

By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman

Fishing Patterns1998-’99

-Scale 1 : 56,000

1,000Meters

Post-Footrope Regulation

Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat

Where is Habitat Recovery Most Likely?

Map Prediction of Resilience/Robustness??

By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman

Fishing Patterns, 2000-’01

Prototype Mixed Layer Depth Calculation in ArcGIS

- Bering Sea

Vance et al., NOAA AFSC, 2004

Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Map courtesy of the National Park of American Samoa

OrSt and USF Bathy Surveys,

2001 to present

Single Beam Multibeam

1-2 K soundingsper survey

500 - 750 K soundingsper survey

400,000 – 1,000,000 K soundingsper survey

Image courtesy of NOAA & UNH

Bottom Coverage & Data Density by Survey MethodLeadline

Active Remote SensingAcoustic!

• multiple, focused, high-frequency, short wavelength sound beams

• “narrow-beam” or “multibeam” bathymetry– sound beam stays narrow and focused all the way

to the bottom

– depths much more precise

– e.g., Sea Beam has 16 beams, Sea Beam 2000 has 121, EM3000 has 127, EM120 has 191

Mapping the Ocean Floor• Only 5% of global ocean floor charted in high

rez with ships - we need 125 more years!

Image courtesy of NOAA

Ocean Thematic Layers

Graphic courtesy of Christina Massel, Steve Miller, Scripps

A Gigabyte of A Gigabyte of data a data a dayday

A Gigabyte of A Gigabyte of data an data an hourhour

Multibeam Bathymetry

The World Ocean Floor

Fine-Scale Mapping

• on the order of tens of meters to meters• features the size of a beer can!

National Marine Sanctuaries

Map courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary System

U.S. Coral Reef Task ForceSeeks to characterize priority reef systems deeper than 30 m in the U.S. and Trust Territories by 2009.

Surveys contribute to management of marine protected areas and the possible designation of more protected areas.

Evans et al. 2002; http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/col/projects/coral/Coralhome.html

OrSt & USFMultibeam Surveys to date

By OrSt grad student Emily Lundblad

Shallow Multibeam(May 2001, November 2002)

• Kongsberg-Simrad EM-3000• Fans out 121 beams at 130 deg.• Swaths 3-4 times water depth• Depths in 3-150 m range at survey

speeds of 3-12 knots• cm-resolution w/ dGPS

Preparations

Shallow Water Multibeam

Shallow Water Multibeam (cont.)

Measured offsets required for accurate pitch, roll, yaw

"curling up" of outermost beams"loss of bottom" on very steep slopes

sudden heading changes

By OrSt grad student Emily Larkin

Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 2001 bathy

SCUBA / Rebreather Technology

Images courtesy of Kip Evans, Nat. Geographic and Rich Pyle, Bishop Museum

Rebreather Dive Mission, FBNMS, 2001

Schedule - Day 1

• 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - intro lecture

• 9:30-10:00 – Break

• 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1: Exploring the Reefs– all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on work

• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch

• 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – seafloor mapping techniques and GIS analysis

• 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2: Benthic Classifications

Fa’afetai!

Image courtesy of FBNMS

Schedule - Day 2, Tues• 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3:

Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA)

• 10:30-11:00 – Dawn & Josh – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool

• 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool

• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch and/or Wrapup• 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion

period