Dawn Wright and Emily LarkinDavey Jones Locker Lab
Department of Geosciences
Oregon State University, USA
GIS Benthic Terrain Workshop
Schedule - Day 1, Mon
• 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - Intro • 9:30-10:00 – Break - Technical Setup• 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1:
Exploring the Reefs– all modules include intro lecture, then
hands-on work
• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch• 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – Seafloor mapping
techniques and GIS analysis• 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2:
Benthic Classifications
Schedule - Day 2, Tues• 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3:
Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA)
• 10:30-11:00 – Dawn – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool
• 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool
• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch• 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion
period
Graphics courtesy of Joe Breman, ESRI and NOAA Biogeography Program
Fisheries
Conservation Value
Kelp
Resilience?
Sediments
Bathymetry
Shoreline
Options/Decisions
Non-consumptiveRecreational Activities
GIS: A Spatial ContextIntegrating Many Parts to See the
Whole
Spatial Reasoning
PlanningPlanningPlanningPlanning
AnalyzingAnalyzingAnalyzingAnalyzing
ThinkingThinkingThinkingThinking
MeasuringMeasuringMeasuringMeasuring DecidingDecidingDecidingDeciding
ScienceGraphics courtesy of ESRI
From Spatial Reasoning to Policy & Management
From Wright and Halpin, in press, 2004, Spatial reasoning for terra incognita: Grand challenges and progress of marine GIS, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
Halpin, AAAS, 2004
GIS: A Spatial ContextSeeing the Whole to Manage
PlacesSeeing the WholeSeeing the Whole Managing PlacesManaging Places
• Estuaries
• Fisheries
• Marine Protected Areas
• Coastal Communities
• Patterns
• Linkages
• Trends
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
Santa RosaIsland
Santa CruzIsland
Anacapa I.
State Boundary
Sanctuary Boundary
Oregonian Bioregion
Transition Zone
Californian Bioregion
Santa Barbara Island
PointConception
Santa Barbara
Area of Detail
Effective April 9, 2003
San Miguel I.
From Airame, S., in press, 2004, Channel Islands Marine Sanctuary: Advancing the science and policy of marine protected areas, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GISGIS
Survey Station Database Survey Catch Database
Weightedmodel
Stationdata
Catchdata
Spatial Analyst (Kriging)
Stations with Fish Biodiversity Index(Shannon-Weaver)
Maturity Analysis
Juvenile Length Analysis
One to Many Table Join
Continued
SeaWiFS Satellite
Imagery of Chlorophyll
High 1° Production
Raster
1°Production Raster Calculator
Analysis
Remote SensingData
Catch & Station Data
Biodiversity Analysis
Biodiversity Raster
SpawningAggregation
Spatial Analyst (Kriging)
SpawningRaster
Nursery Areas
NurseryRaster
Spatial Analyst (Kriging)
Ocean Current
data
Oceanographic Database
Drift BuoyAnalysis
Source &Sink Areas
Source/SinkRaster
ImportantBiological
AreasRaster
Spatial Analyst (Kriging)
By OrSt grad student Chad Keith
Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GISGIS
PotentialMPA’s
CommercialCatchdata
Commercial Database
Commercial Effort & Revenue
Analysis
Commercial Port & Fleet Capacity
Analysis
Biological Layer
ImportantBiological
AreasRaster
Fleet CapacityAreas
(no MPA’s)
ImportantCommercial Fishing Areas(no MPA’s)
EconomicLayer
Spatial Overlay(Union)
No MPARaster
Raster Calculator Analysis
Raster Calculator
Analysis
By OrSt grad student Chad Keith
Gulf of MaineGulf of MaineGeorges BankGeorges Bank
Example of MPA Example of MPA ExclusionExclusion Areas Areas
75 km
50 km
By OrSt grad student Chad Keith
Pre-Footrope Regulation
Tows 1998-1999
Reference Site 2
Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat
-Scale 1 : 56,000
1,000Meters
By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman
Fishing Patterns1998-’99
-Scale 1 : 56,000
1,000Meters
Post-Footrope Regulation
Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat
Where is Habitat Recovery Most Likely?
Map Prediction of Resilience/Robustness??
By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman
Fishing Patterns, 2000-’01
Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Map courtesy of the National Park of American Samoa
Single Beam Multibeam
1-2 K soundingsper survey
500 - 750 K soundingsper survey
400,000 – 1,000,000 K soundingsper survey
Image courtesy of NOAA & UNH
Bottom Coverage & Data Density by Survey MethodLeadline
Active Remote SensingAcoustic!
• multiple, focused, high-frequency, short wavelength sound beams
• “narrow-beam” or “multibeam” bathymetry– sound beam stays narrow and focused all the way
to the bottom
– depths much more precise
– e.g., Sea Beam has 16 beams, Sea Beam 2000 has 121, EM3000 has 127, EM120 has 191
Mapping the Ocean Floor• Only 5% of global ocean floor charted in high
rez with ships - we need 125 more years!
Image courtesy of NOAA
A Gigabyte of A Gigabyte of data a data a dayday
A Gigabyte of A Gigabyte of data an data an hourhour
Multibeam Bathymetry
U.S. Coral Reef Task ForceSeeks to characterize priority reef systems deeper than 30 m in the U.S. and Trust Territories by 2009.
Surveys contribute to management of marine protected areas and the possible designation of more protected areas.
Evans et al. 2002; http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/col/projects/coral/Coralhome.html
Shallow Multibeam(May 2001, November 2002)
• Kongsberg-Simrad EM-3000• Fans out 121 beams at 130 deg.• Swaths 3-4 times water depth• Depths in 3-150 m range at survey
speeds of 3-12 knots• cm-resolution w/ dGPS
SCUBA / Rebreather Technology
Images courtesy of Kip Evans, Nat. Geographic and Rich Pyle, Bishop Museum
Schedule - Day 1
• 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - intro lecture
• 9:30-10:00 – Break
• 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1: Exploring the Reefs– all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on work
• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch
• 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – seafloor mapping techniques and GIS analysis
• 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2: Benthic Classifications
Schedule - Day 2, Tues• 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3:
Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA)
• 10:30-11:00 – Dawn & Josh – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool
• 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool
• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch and/or Wrapup• 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion
period