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UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA EN GEOLOGIA, MINAS, PETROLEOS Y AMBIENTAL

INGENIERIA EN PETROLEOS

QUIMICA DEL PETROLEO

PROFESOR: QUIM. BOLIVAR ENRIQUEZ

NOMBRE: LEMA HOYOS EDGAR ALEJANDRO

SEMESTRE: CUARTO FECHA: 2014121!

INTRODUCCIONL"# $%&'()"# #") *(+"-$'"# &'/ -")(/)/) /)%$-/# (%/# -$")"-$")".A %"#$%&'()"# $(3) #/ %/# -")"-/ -"" $-/(%/)"# "&'/ #") +/($+"# +/% $-/(%/)". /%$%&'()" 5# #/)-(%%".

L$ &'6(-$ +/% (%/ /)%$-/ -$")"-$")" /# #((%$ $ %$ +/% +"%/ /)%$-/. E) /#/-$6'%" #/ /5 &'/ %$ $7"6$ +/ %"# $%&'()"# /8/(/)$) %$# /$--(")/# +/ %"#$%&'/)"#, /#/-($%/)/ %$# $+(-(")/# 7 %$# "8(+$-(")/#.E% (%/ /)%$-/ *$-/ &'/ /% $%&'()" /)9$ -'$" *(+9/)"# /)"# &'/ /%-"/#")+(/)/$%/$)". S' ;'%$ "%/-'%$ /# -"" %$ +/ ')$ "%3-'%$ +/ *(+"-$'" -") +"#+"%/# /)%$-/#:C)H2) 2" %" &'/ ') (%/ /)%$-/ (/)/ +"# elementos de instauracin.

Nomenclatura de alquinos

Nomenclatura IUPAC L$ )"/)-%$'$ IUPAC $$ %"# $%&'()"# /# #((%$ $ %$ +/ %"#$%&'/)"#. S/ '#-$ %$ -$+/)$ +/ 5""# +/ -$")" 5# %$9$ &'/ ()-%'7$ $% (%//)%$-/ 7 #/ -$($ %$ /()$-() -ano +/% $%-$)" " - ino. L$ -$+/)$ #/ )'/$ $$( +/% /8/" 5# 8(" $% (%/ /)%$-/ 7 %$ "#(-() +/% (%/ /)%$-/ #/+/#(9)$ " #' 5"" +/ -$")" +/ )'/$-() 5# $$-(")/#.

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C'$)+" /#5) /#/)/# 9'"# ;')-(")$%/# $+(-(")$%/#, %"# #';(

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Importancia comercial de los alquinosUtilizacin del acetileno y metilacetilenoE% $-/(%/)" /# /% $%&'()" -"/-($% 5# ("$)/. E# ')$ $/($ ($ ()+'#($% ("$)/,/" #' $7" $%(-$-() /# -"" -"'#(%/ /) %"# #"%//# "8($-/(%3)(-"#.E% $-/(%/)" /# ') 9$# +/ "%" +/#$9$+$%/, ()-"%"", &'/ $+/ /) /% $(/ -") ')$ %%$$$$(%%$, )/9'>-$, #() /$9", -'$)+" #/ ;"$ ')$ />-%$ -") "869/)" '", /% -"%" +/ %$%%$$ #/ '/%/ +/ ') $>'% /)'/ 7 %$ //$'$ +/ %$ %%$$ $'/)$ +5#(-$/)/.S( #/ -"$$ /% -$%" +/ -"'#() +/% $-/(%/)" -") /% +/% //)" 7 /% /$)", #/ / " &'3

/#/ 9$# /# ') -"'#(%/ /8-/%/)/.

C'$)+" #/ '(%(> " (/$ /> /% $-/(%/)" $$ #"%+$, #/ -")#(+/$$ ') 9$# /8%"#(" 7/%(9"#". E% $-/(%/)" /# /"+()5(-$/)/ ()/#$%/ 7 -'$)+" /% 9$# -"((+" #/

#"// $ '/$# /-5)(-$# " 3(-$#, #/ +/#-"")/ /) #'# /%//)"#, %(/$)+" -$% ?24 J@ +/ /)/96$ " "%. E#$ +/#-""#(-() ()(-($% -") ;/-'/)-($ "/ /%-")/)/+", *$-(/)+" &'/ %"# "+'-"# ?*(+9/)" 7 -$")" ;()$/)/ +((+(+"@ &'//) /) /%$(/.

Otencin del acetileno

L$ #6)/#(# +/% $-/(%/)" $ $( +/% 9$# )$'$% /# ') "-/#" #/)-(%%". E% 9$# )$'$% /#5;"$+" ()-($%/)/ " /$)", &'/ +$ %'9$ $ %$ ;"$-() +/ $-/(%/)" -'$)+" #/-$%(/)$ $ $%$ //$'$ +'$)/ ') /("+" +/ (/" //.

A /#$ +/ &'/ /#$ /$--() /# /)+"3(-$, #/ "(/)/ +"%/ )=/" +/ "%/# +/ "+'-"#&'/ +/ /$-("#. E% ()-//)" /) /% )=/" +/ "%/# *$-/ &'/ %$ /)"6$ $'/)/ 7 /%

3()" ? T S@ /) %$ /)/96$ %(/ ?G H TS@ /+"()$ $ /#$ //$'$ $%$.

!structura electrnica de los alquinos

L$ /#'-'$ +/ L/(# +/% $-/(%/)" '/#$ /# $/# +/ /%/-")/# /) %$ /9() /)/ %"#)=-%/"# +/ -$")":

H:C ::: C:H

C$+$ 5"" +/ -$")" /#5 /)%$>$+" $ ""# +"# 5""# 7 )" *$7 /%/-")/# +/ $%/)-($ )"/)%$>$)/#. C$+$ 5"" +/ -$")" )/-/#($ +"# "($%/# *6(+"# $$ ;"$ /% /)%$-/

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#(9$. L$ *((+$-() +/ ') /)%$-/ # -") ') "($% +$ %'9$ $ %$ ;"$-() +/ +"# "($%/#*6(+"# #, #/$$+"# 10. E% #"%$$(/)" +/ /#"# "($%/# *6*(+"# # /)/ #6 7 -") %"#"($%/# # +/% *(+9/)" ;"$ /% /)%$-/ #(9$. A%9')"# /#'%$+"# /8/(/)$%/# *$)-");($+" /#$ /#'-'$ %()/$% ?10@.

L$ %")9('+ +/% /)%$-/ -$")"-$")" /) /% $-/(%/)" /# +/ 1.20 Y %$ +/ -$+$ /)%$-/ +/-$")"*(+9/)" /# +/ 1.0 . T"+"# /#"# /)%$-/# #") 5# -""# &'/ %"# -"/#")+(/)/#/)%$-/# /) /% /$)" 7 /% //)".

Acidez de los alquinos

"ormacin de iones acetiluro

A% -")$(" &'/ %"# $%-$)"# 7 %"# $%&'/)"#, %"# $-/(%/)"# /()$%/# '/+/) #/+/#"")$+"# " ')$ $#/ '7 ;'//, -"" /% $(+'" +/ #"+(", $$ ;0)11$-$$)(")/# -")"-(+"# -"" (")/# $-/(%'" ?" (")/# $%&'()'"@. E% () *(+8(+" 7 %"#

(")/# $%-8(+" )" #") $#/# %" #';(-(/)//)/ ;'//# $$ +/#"")$ $ %"# $%&'()"#.L"# $%&'()"# ()/)"# )" (/)/) "")/# $-/(%3)(-"#, " %" &'/ )" /$--(")$) /) /#$#-")+(-(")/#.

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E% $(+'" +/ #"+(" ;/-'/)//)/ #/ '(%(>$ -"" $#/ $$ "/)/ #$%/#+/ $-/(%'". E% () $(+'" /# %$ $#/ -")