GERMAN STANDARD December 1999

Cladding for External Walls, Rear-VentilatedPart 1: Requirements, Principles of Testing

DIN18516-1

ICS 91.060.10 Replacement for Edition 1990-01

Cladding for external walls, ventilated at rear–Part I: Requirements, principles of testing

ContentsPage Page

Foreword………………………………………………. 1 Annex A (Normative) Testing Principles for1 Area of Application ………………………………… 2 Fasteners, Attachments and Anchors …………………... 72 Reference to Standards …………………………… 2 Annex B (Normative) Construction Planning …………… 113 Definitions …………………………………………... 3 Annex C (Normative) Testing Requirements for Small-4 Requirements ………………………………………. 3 Format Cladding Sheets Outside the Rules of the Trade5 Load Acceptance and Shape Changes …………. 4 Annex D (For information) Sample for the Design …….. 116 Proof of Stability ……………………………………. 5 and Arrangement of a Wind Block ………………………. 127 Protection of Building Materials and Components 6 Annex E (For information ) Bibliography ………………... 12

ForewordThis standard was prepared by NABau Working Committee “Cladding for External Walls, Rear-Ventilated,Requirements, Principles of Testing.”DIN 18516 “Cladding for External Walls” consists of: - Part 1: Requirements, Principles of Testing- Part 3: Natural Construction Stone, Requirements, Dimensioning- Part 4: Single-Pane Safety Glass, Requirements, Dimensioning, Testing- Part 5: Concrete Construction Stone, Requirements, Dimensioning

AmendmentsCompared to the edition of January 1990, the following amendments were made:a) The area of application of the standard was specified.b) Sections 5.1.2 and 6.7.2 were expanded.c) Section 6.4.6 was added.d) In Section 7.2.1, titanium zinc was expanded.e) Section 7.4 Heat Insulation was reformulated.f) The standard was reworded from an editing point of view.

Earlier EditionsDIN 18515: 1970-07DIN 18515 Bbl: 1973-12DIN 18516-1: 1990-01

Continuation Pages 2 of 12

Construction Standards Committee (NABau) in the DIN, German Institute for Standardization e.V.

© DIN German Institute for Standardization e.V.–Any type of reproduction, even in extract form, ispermitted only with the approval of the DIN German Institute for Standardization e.V., Berlin.

Single-copy sales of standards by Beutch Publishing House GmbH, 10772 Berlin

Ref. No. DIN 18516-1: 1999-12Price Group 08 Contract No. 0008

[Vertically in the margin:] Normen-Download-Beuth-Professional Consultants- Kd No. 7385640 Sequential No. 3843538001 12/4/2007 4:29 pm

Page 2DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

1 Area of ApplicationThis standard applies to rear-ventilated external wall cladding, with andwithout substructure, including anchoring, connecting and fastening.It specifies planning, dimensioning and design principles for durable andsafe rear-ventilated external wall cladding.This standard does not apply to:a) room finishing structure parts and their components, for example,

trapezoidal shape constructions according to DIN 18807,b) external wall cladding (products and fastening) made of small-format

sheets (2.1 of List C Edition 99/1) as well as those made of metal instanding fold and in clapboard, whose products are covered in DINstandards and whose use is covered by recognized and proven traderules, see also Annex C.Small-format sheets are elements with a surface area of less than0.4m2 and a weight of < 5 kg.

c) heat insulation compound systems,d) cladding attached with mortar,e) for facades in which the external wall cladding is attached more than

15 cm away from the insulation or from the supporting outer wall.The concept “front-hung, rear-ventilated facade” is used with the same meaning as the concept “rear-ventilated external wall cladding.”

2 Reference to StandardsThis standard contains specifications from other publications throughdated or undated references. These standardizing references are cited atthe appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed below. Inthe case of dated references, later changes or rewrites of thesepublications belong to this standard only if they are included by changesor rewrites. In the case of undated references, the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies.DIN 1052-1

Wooden Structures–Calculation and DesignDIN 1052-2

Wooden Structures–Mechanical ConnectionsDIN 1055-1

Load Acceptance for Structures –Storage Materials, ConstructionMaterials and Components, Their Own Weight and Angles of Friction

DIN 1055-4Load Acceptance for Structures –Traffic Loads, Wind Loads in theCase of Non-Oscillating Structures

DIN 1055-5Load Acceptance for Structures –Traffic Loads, Snow Loads and IceLoads

DIN 4113-1: 1980-05Aluminum Construction Subjected to Primarily Static Loading –

Calculation and Structural DesignDIN 17455

Welded Circular Pipe Made of Stainless Steels for GeneralRequirements–Technical Supply Conditions

DIN 17456Seamless Circular Pipes Made of Stainless Steels for GeneralRequirements–Technical Supply Conditions

DIN 18165-1Fiber Insulation for Construction – Insulating Materials for HeatInsulation

Standard of the Series DIN 18807

Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise ConstructionDIN 55928-8: 1994-07

Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures Using Coatings andCoverings –Part 8: Corrosion Protection of Bearing Thin-Walled Components

DIN 68800-1Protection of Wood in High-Rise Construction - General

DIN 68800-2Protection of Wood – Part 2: Preventive ConstructionMeasures in High-Rise Construction

DIN 68800-3Protection of Wood –Preventive Chemical Protection ofWood

DIN 68800-5Protection of Wood in High-Rise Construction –PreventiveChemical Protection of Wood Materials

DIN EN 485-2Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys –Strips, Sheets and Plates–Part 2: Mechanical Properties; German Version EN 485-2:1994

DIN EN 573-3Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys –Chemical Compositionand Form of Semi-Finished Products –Part 3: ChemicalComposition; German Version EN 573-3:1994

DIN EN 573-4Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys –Chemical Compositionand Form of Semi-Finished Products –Part 4: ProductShapes; German Version EN 573-4: 1994

DIN EN 988Zinc and Zinc Alloys – Requirements for Rolled FlatProducts for Construction; German Version EN 988: 1996

DIN EN 1652Cooper and Cooper Alloys –Plates, Sheets, Bands, Stripsand Discs for General Use; German Version EN 1652: 1997

DIN EN 10025Hot-Rolled Products from Unalloyed Structural Steels –Technical Conditions of Supply (includes Amendment A1:1993); German Version EN 10025: 1990

DIN EN 10088-1Stainless Steel –Part 1: Index of Stainless Steels; GermanVersion EN 10088-1: 1995

DIN EN 10088-2Stainless Steel –Part 2: Technical Conditions of Supply forSheets and Strips for General Use; German Version EN10088-2: 1995

DIN EN 10088-3Stainless Steel –Part 3: Technical Conditions of Supply forSemi-Finished Goods, Rods, Rolled Wire and Shapes forGeneral Use; German Version EN 10088-3: 1995

DIN EN 10147Continuous Hot Galvanized Strip and Sheet of ConstructionSteels – Technical Conditions of Supply (includesAmendment A1: 1995); German Version EN 10147: 1991and A1: 1995

DIN EN 10214

Page 3DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

Continuous Hot-Dipped Strip and Sheet of Steel with Zinc-AluminumCoatings (ZA) –Technical Conditions of Supply; German Version EN10214: 1995

DIN EN 12163Copper and Copper Alloys –Bars for General Use; German VersionEN 12163: 1998

DIN EN 12164Copper and Copper Alloys –Bars for Tensile Processing; GermanVersion EN 12164: 1998

DIN EN 12165Copper and Copper Alloys –Raw Material for Forged Parts; GermanVersion EN 12165: 1998

DIN EN 12166Copper and Copper Alloys –Wires for General Use; German VersionEN 12166: 1998

DIN EN 12167 CopperCopper and Copper Alloys –Shapes and Rectangular Rods forGeneral Use; German Version EN 12167: 1998

DIN EN 12168Copper and Copper Alloys –Hollow Rods for Tensile Processing;German Version EN 12168: 1998

DIN EN ISO 3506-1Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Stainless Steel –Part 1:Screws (ISO 3506-1: 1997); German Version EN ISO 3506-1: 1997

DIN EN ISO 3506-2Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Stainless Steel –Part 2:Nuts (ISO 3506-2: 1997); German Version EN ISO 3506-2: 1997

DIN EN ISO 3506-3Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Stainless Steel –Part 3:Threaded Rods and Similar Bolts not Subjected to Tension (ISO3506-3: 1997); German Version EN ISO 3506-3: 1997

DIN EN ISO 12944-5: 1998-07Coating Materials – Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures byCoating Systems –Part 5: Coating Systems (ISO 12955-5: 1998);German Version EN ISO 12944-5: 1998

3 DefinitionsThe following definitions apply for the application of this standard:

3.1 External Wall CladdingThis is composed of:a) Cladding with open or closed joints or overlapping elements and/or

joints;b) Substructure, to the extent necessary, consisting of support and

possibly wall shapes made of metal, for example, consoles withsliding and fixing points, alternatively made of wood strips (supportstrips) or sheathing, for example, made of wood material sheets withor without furring strips (base strips);

c) Anchors, fasteners, attaching devices;d) Supplementary parts, for example:

connecting shapes for building corners, building pedestals,soffits, eaves and the like,

ventilation tracks

devices for the attachment of frames, sealing strips;e) if applicable, insulating layer, insulating holders.

3.2 AnchorA part which mechanically anchors the substructure into the wall.A part which anchors the cladding directly to the wall if nosubstructure is present.

3.3 Fastener (for External Wall Cladding)A part which mechanically fastens the cladding or substructure toeach other, always with metal means.

3.4 Attaching Device (for External Wall Cladding)A part which mechanically fastens the cladding to thesubstructure, always with metal means.

4 Requirements4.1 GeneralFor materials and design, the following must be taken intoaccount:

a possible corrosion loading, for example, due to acidprecipitation, humidity of the outside air, dew formation, aswell as evaporation in water pockets,

the possibility of noise development, for example, due towind and temperature stressing.

4.2 Physical Construction Requirements4.2.1 In the case of heat, dampness, noise and fireprotection, the interaction of the outer wall with the inner wallcover is to be taken into account. Thermal bridges which arisefrom anchors or fasteners are to be taken into consideration1 2.

4.2.2 Rear ventilation is necessary in order to reducehumidity, to drain precipitation which may enter, for the capillaryseparation of the cladding from the insulation layer or the wallsurface and to drain melt water on the inside of the cladding.This requirement is fulfilled as a rule if the cladding is installed ata distance of at least 20 mm from the external wall or from theinsulation layer. The distance may be reduced in places to aslittle as 5 mm, for example, due to the substructure or wallirregularities (see 6.1).In the case of vertically placed trapezoidal or corrugated profilesheets, the cladding may be applied as strips, where it must beassured that the free rear ventilation cross section is at least 200cm2 /m.

4.2.3 For rear-ventilated external wall cladding, ventilationand exhaust openings are to be provided at least at the foot ofthe building and at the edge of the roof with cross sections of atleast 50 cm2 per meter of wall length.

1 See “Thermal Bridge Guideline in the Case of Hung Rear-Ventilated Facades,” available from the Technical Association for Construction Materials and Components for Hung Rear-Ventilated Facades e.V. (FVHF), 10898 Berlin.2 See FVHF– Focus 4 “Sound Insulation with Hung Rear-Ventilated Facades,” available from the Technical Association for Construction Materials and Components for Hung Rear-Ventilated Facades e.V. (FVHF), 10898 Berlin.

Page 4DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

4.3 Design Requirements

4.3.1 In order to limit a continuous rip in the cladding in the case oflocal failure, special measures are to be taken, taking into account thedeformations arising therefrom; for example, the external wall cladding isto be subdivided into surfaces of about 50 m2 –such as horizontaldistances every 8 m and vertically every two floors – or individualfastening or anchoring points are to be reinforced. In the case of brittlecladding parts, these measures are not necessary.

4.3.2 The external wall cladding is to be installed so that it istechnically free of stress.

4.3.3 In the case of sliding points (for example, of substructures),between the sliding parts, sufficient play is to be provided taking intoaccount the manufacturer’s tolerances. Corrosion protection layers maynot be destroyed by slipping processes.

4.3.4 Loading resulting from changes in shape according to 5.2 maynot cause damage to the fastening and attaching points in the cladding orin the substructure (destruction of the corrosion protection layer due to theformation of slits, failure of the fasteners and attachments).

4.3.5 It must be possible to maintain cladding, for example, by usingextension ladders or scaffolding. Anchoring possibilities for scaffolds areto be arranged in such a manner that, if possible, no cladding elementsmust be removed when assembling the scaffolding.

4.3.6 In the area of moving joints in the structure, the samemovements must be possible in the substructure and in the cladding; thespirit of this applies also for moving joints in the substructure.

4.3.7 The maximum distance from fasteners and attachments in thecladding and in the substructure must be at least 10 mm.

4.3.8 Insulating materials are to be installed durably, without openingsand in a stable shape, even taking into account a possible humidityloading due to the effects of weathering. See also 7.4.

4.4 Requirements for InstallationThe geometric data of the permanent safety instructions are to be followedduring installation.Underlayment sheets or wedges must be secured in their positions. In theinstallation of the support shape and of the cladding, slippage possibilitiesprovided are to be taken into account.

5. Load Acceptance and Shape Changes

5.1 Load Acceptance

5.1.1 The Structure’s Own Load

If the calculated value of the internal load of a material cannot be takenfrom DIN 1055-1, its internal load must be proven taking into account apossible absorption of moisture due using a construction supervision testcertificate.

5.1.2 Wind Loading5.1.2.1 For proof of wind loading, DIN 1055-4 will apply.5.1.2.2 For buildings with rear-ventilated external wall cladding, in thelimit area, the increased wind wake loads according to DIN 1055-4 mustnot be used if the external wall cladding is permeable to the wind, forexample, due to open joints between the cladding sheets.

In this regard, the following applies:a) The relative permeability to wind of the external wallcladding, including the substructure, must be in accordance withequation (1).

ε> 0.75% (1)

with respect to the building side surface. For thedetermination ofε,equation (2) is used

AFε =

AWx 100% (2)

where:AF the surface area of the open joints permeable on all

sides;AW the surface area of the external wall cladding.The joints should, however, not be wider than 20 mm,unless smaller widths are necessary for weathering reasons.

b) The resistance to flow must correspond to equation (3)

Q = s/a < 0.005 (3)

Where:Q the resistance to flow;s the depth of the rear ventilation gap;a the length of the narrow building side.

c) Along the vertical building edges, a durable vertical windblock, stable in shape, must be installed over the entirebuilding height in order to provide resistance to flow in theair gap, see Figure D.1.Only if the conditions indicated in a) through c) are fulfilledcan the reduced wind wake loads be applied.

5.1.3 Snow and Ice LoadsSnow and ice loads according to DIN 1055-5 are to be taken intoaccount in special climatic relationships, both in the case ofpossibly being deposited at or on the cladding as a rule with 0.1kN/m2. In the case of external wall greening, the effects of snowand ice loads on the external wall cladding are to be investigatedin each individual case.

5.1.4 Special LoadsSpecial loads, for example, from advertising equipment, externalwall greening, solar protection devices, scaffolding anchors,independently of the external wall cladding, are to be broughtinto the supporting wall or are to be considered in the proof ofstability.

5.2 Shape Changes

5.2.1 GeneralShape changes may not affect external wall cladding in theirfunction.

5.2.2 Temperature Effects, Expansion and Contraction

In the case of external wall cladding, as a rule, main temperaturedifferences between the temperature at installation (in general +10°C) and limit temperatures of –20°C and +80°C are to beconsidered.

Page 5DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

Under some circumstances, temperature differences between the outerand inner surface of the cladding sheet are to be considered: as anapproximation for mineral building materials,ΔT = 1.5 x d (sheet thicknessd in centimeters,ΔTin Kelvin) is applicable.Expansion and contraction must also be taken into account, whereapplicable, using the temperature differences indicated in the firstparagraph.Materials which are not subject to expansion and contraction loads maybe calculated with proof of the actual temperature relationships.

5.2.3 Shape Changing of the Structure and the Foundation SoilShape changing of the structure and the foundation soil are to be takeninto account statically and for design in the external wall cladding.

6 Proof of Stability

6.1 GeneralIn the proof of stability, in order to take into account deviations frommeasurements of the curtain wall, a supplement of at least 20 mm to theplanned distance between the external wall and the cladding is to be used.It is permissible to deviate from this if small measurement deviations aredetermined locally.

6.2 Load CasesTo the extent that main and supplementary loads are to be differentiated,the loads according to 5.1 with the structure zone weight and wind load asthe main loads (load case H) are to be taken as a basis for the proof ofstability of the external wall cladding.In case changes in shape according to 5.2 cannot be detected in thestructure, then the acceptance of the required loading is to be proven forthe cladding, substructure, anchoring, fasteners and attachments.

6.3 Dimensioning

6.3.1 All parts of the external wall cladding are to be dimensioned withthe safety and permissible tensions which are specified in thecorresponding standards.

6.3.2 The load capacity of fasteners and attachments which are notregulated in standards or building permits must be proven on the basis oftesting according to A.3. Reference is made to the building regulation listA Part 2. The permissible loads are to be determined from the 5% quantileof the failure loads with a confidence level of 75% and a safety factor of γ= 3.

6.3.3 For testing requirements for external wall cladding with small-format sheets, aside from the rules of the trade, Annex C applies.

6.4 Cladding

6.4.1 Each cladding element must be individually fastened.

6.4.2 In the case of computer determination of the cut sizes, thestorage conditions–supported stiffly or flexibly–are to be followed.If the external wall cladding is held by multiple fasteners, then only twofasteners may be used to conduct the vertical load.

6.4.3 In the case of deformations, the cladding may not touch eitherthe attachments of the insulation material, the insulation material itself orthe wall (however, see 4.2.2).

6.4.4 Sheet stresses, for example, from their own weight, asa rule need not be proven.

6.4.5 The minimum thicknesses and dimensions specified inthe standards for load-carrying building parts do not apply to thecladding.

6.4.6 When proving the bending stresses in the claddingsheets for statically indeterminate support, the stiffness ratiobetween substructure and the external wall cladding is to betaken into consideration.3

6.5 Substructures

6.5.1 For the determination of cutting sizes, a stiff support bythe substructure can be taken as a basis. The proof of stabilityfor the substructure can in general not take into account thebacking of the cladding (sheet beam effect).The cladding may be backed, but it requires proof of usability forthe purpose for which it is used, for example, through a generalpermit from building supervision.

6.5.2 The loading of the substructure by the cladding and theloads transferred by it may be determined assuming a stiffsupport. In the case of neighboring field widths which differ by afactor of more than 0.8 or in the case of a two-field support of thecladding, the pass-through effect is to be taken intoconsideration.The calculation of the wood substructure, including necessarywood strips (support strips) or shells, even, for example, made ofwood material sheets with or without counter strips (base lathes),will be done in accordance with DIN 1052-1.

6.6 Fasteners and Attachments

6.6.1 The forces in the attachments and possibly in thefasteners of the cladding are to be determined taking intoaccount the flexibility of the substructure.3

6.6.2 For the loads on the fasteners and attachmentsresulting from wind wake in the case of stiff substructures, thesecond clause of 6.5.2 also applies. This is also the case for thecladding anchors (without substructures).

6.6.3 In the substructures made of wood, for the connectionof timbers to each other, for example support lathes to the baselathe, only fasteners suitable for permanent tensile loading maybe used.The calculation of the substructure including the necessary woodlathes (support lathes) or sheeting, even for example made ofwood material sheets with or without counter lathes (basiclathes) will be done in accordance with DIN 1052-1.

6.6.4 Notwithstanding the minimum thickness indicated in thestandards for supporting components, fasteners of differentmeasurements can be used if their support capability has beentested in accordance with Annex A.

3 For example, according to Hees, Zuber.

Page 6DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

6.7 Anchors

6.7.1 For anchors, the minimum distance from the edge for the boltsaccording to DIN 1052-2 applies, where for db the support cross section ofthe anchor is to be used, for example, in the case of plastic peg-screwcombinations, only the screw diameter ds is the defining factor.

6.7.2 Pegs, rails, etc. may be used only if their usability has beenproven, for example, through a general permit from building supervision.

7 Protection of Building Materials and Components

7.1 GeneralBuilding components which, after manufacture of the external wallcladding, are not accessible without the removal of parts for later controlpurposes, must be permanently protected against biological and chemicaleffects, for example, corrosion.If,

a biological or chemical stressing is present,

components are not accessible,

the failure is not obvious and detected in good time, and

in case of failure, a substantial hazard is to be expected,then only the building materials listed in 7.2.1 through 7.2.3 may be usedwithout special proof.

7.2 Metal Components7.2.1 Cladding

The following metals may be used without special proof of corrosionprotection:a) stainless steels according to DIN EN 10088-1 through DIN EN 10088-

3, DIN 17455 or DIN 17456, material numbers 1.4301, 1.4541,1.4401, 1.4571,

b) aluminum according to DIN 4113-1 and DIN EN 485-2, ALMn 1,ALMnCu, ALMn 1Mg 0.5, ALMn 1 Mg 1, ALMg 1, ALMg 1.5 andALMg 2.5,

c) copper according to DIN 1652, SF-Cu material numbers 2.0090 andCuZn20 material number 2.0250 as well as copper according to DINEN 12167 and DIN EN 12168, CuZn40Mn2 material number 2.0572,

d) steel types according to DIN EN 10147 and DIN EN 10214 withcorrosion protection –at least on the back - according to Table 3 ofDIN 55928-8: 1994-07, protection system identification numbers 3-600.1, 3-600.5 and 3-205.1 as well as Table 4, protection systemidentification numbers 4-310.2 and 4-200.3. Steel types according toDIN EN 10025 and corrosion protection on the back according toTable A.1 of DIN EN ISO 12944-5:1998-07, coating system numberS1.15, S1.27 and S1.28.Hot galvanizing at least 275 g/m2 and coating layer according to Table4 of DIN 55928-8: 1994-07, protection system identification number 4-200.2For steel with a thickness over 3 mm, the correspondingdeterminations in 7.2.2 will apply.For another corrosion protection systems, a proof of suitability froman official material testing institute is to be submitted.For protection of the bored hole edges of thin-walled claddings madeof unalloyed steel sheet, an elastomer washer must be placedbetween the head of the connector or of the washer and the claddingelement. It may not be damaged by the tightening torque of thescrews (cracking).

e) Titanium zinc (alloyed zinc) according to DIN EN 988, material shortdesignation D-ZN, material number 2.2203.

7.2.2 SubstructureThe following metals may be used without special proof ofcorrosion protection:a) stainless steels according to DIN EN 10088-1 through DIN

EN 10088-3, DIN 17455 or DIN 17456, material numbers1.4301, 1.4541 for accessible structures, otherwise 1.4401,1.4404, 1.4571,

b) aluminum according to DIN 4113-1 and DIN EN 485-2,ALMn 1, ALMnCu, ALMn 1 Mg 0.5, ALMn 1 Mg 1, ALMg 1,ALMg 1.5 and ALMg 2.5, for thicknesses below 1.6 mm withcorrosion protection according to Section 10 of DIN 4113-1:1980-05,Aluminum components may be applied directly to concretecomponents if it is assured that no dampness can getbetween the components.

c) copper according to DIN 1652, CuDHP material numbersCW024A and CuZn20 material number CW503L, at least1.5 mm thick, as well as copper according to DIN EN 12167;CuZn40Mn2Fe1 material number CW723R,

d) steel types according to DIN EN 10025 in thicknesses of atleast 3 mm with corrosion protection according to Table A.1of DIN EN ISO 12944-5: 1998-07, coating system numberS1.21, S1.34, S1.15, S1.21, S1.28 and S1.34.

For other corrosion protection systems, proof of suitability is tobe submitted.

7.2.3 Anchors, Fasteners and Attachments7.2.3.1 The following may be used as anchors, fasteners andattachments without special proof of corrosion protection:a) stainless steels according to 7.2.2.a) as well as according to

DIN EN ISO 3506-1 through DIN EN ISO 3506-3 of steelgroups A2 for accessible structures, otherwise A4, if thetightening stage < C 700 according to DIN 10088-1 throughDIN EN 10088-3 and the tensile strength < 850 N/mm2,

b) aluminum according to DIN 4113-1, DIN EN 573-3 and DINEN 573-4,aluminum components may be applied directly to concretecomponents if it is assured that no dampness can getbetween the components,

c) copper according to DIN EN 12163, DIN EN 12164, DIN EN12165 and DIN EN 12166:SF-Cu material number 2.0090,CuZn37 material number 2.0321,CuZn36Pb1,5 material number 2.0331 andCuNi1,5Si material number 2.0835.

7.2.3.2 For anchors, the following can be used without specialproof of corrosion protection: stainless steels according to DINEN 10088-1 through DIN EN 10088-3, DIN 17455, DIN 17456,material numbers 1.4401, 1.4571, mechanical fastenersaccording to DIN EN ISO 3506-1 through DIN EN ISO 3506-3,steel group A4.Pegs, rails, etc. may be used only if their usability has beenproven, for example, through a general permit from buildingsupervision.

Page 7DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

7.3 Components Made of WoodWood and wood materials are to be protected in accordance with DIN68800-1 through DIN 68800-3 and DIN 68800-5.

7.4 Thermal InsulationFor thermal insulation in the case of rear-ventilated external wall cladding,only insulating materials which are standardized and permitted by theconstruction supervision may be selected. With respect to thermal bridges,4.2 is to be followed.Insulating sheets are to be placed tightly against each other in such amanner that there are no gaps between the background and the insulatinglayer. They are to be fastened mechanically with an average of 5insulation holders per m2 and connected tightly to neighboringcomponents.

If insulating sheets cannot be mechanically fastened tobackgrounds, the insulating sheets are to be glued in place; inthis connection, fiber insulating sheets must correspond to theapplication type WV according to DIN 18165-1 in order toachieve sufficient resistance to being torn off.

7.5 Compatibility of Different Building Materials

It must be assured through design measures and the selection ofsuitable building materials that damaging effects are excluded,for example of different construction materials amongthemselves –even without directly touching, especially in thedirection of flow of water. Contact and gap corrosion is to beprevented, for example, by means of elastic intermediate orsliding layers, roof tar paper, plastic sheeting.

Annex A (Normative)Testing Principles for Fasteners, Attachments and Anchors

A.1 GeneralTesting is applicable only for fasteners of cladding and substructure reciprocally, of anchors of the cladding on substructures and for directanchoring in the area of cladding.The anchoring, fastening and attachment areas on the cladding and the substructure are to be created on the cladding and substructure understatic, unfavorable assumptions, with deviations in the axis and distances from the edge of 10% with the supervision of a recognized testingfacility.If the failure criteria are not known, they must be determined by means of a component trial. Subsequently, the support capability of thefasteners, attachments and anchors are to be determined through individual trials. If component trials and individual part trials result indifferent failure criteria, further trials are to be performed. The results of the trials are to be evaluated statistically according to A.3.1 and A.3.2.

A.2 Testing of the Support Capability of Fasteners, Attachments and Anchors in the Cladding Using Component TrialsIn order to determine the manner and load failure, the component trial is to be carried out with the same attachment and fastener as in thecladding and substructure to be used with the least favorable dimensions and manner of attachment, taking into account the greatest possibledeformation.To simulate wind pressure and wake loading, the cladding is to be stressed perpendicularly to its plane with a constant surface loading, forexample, with the aid of a plastic bag.

A.3 Individual Part TrialsA.3.1 Testing for Shearing

On test bodies made of cladding and substructure, at least 10 shear trials are to be performed in accordance with Fig. A.1 in each case.In the testing, the smallest provided distances from edges amin and bmin and the smallest fastener and attachment means distances are to becomplied with in accordance with the design. On the test bodies with the least breakage load, sufficiently numerous trials are to besupplemented so that for a static evaluation at least 10 trial results are available.After the static evaluation, the trial results are to be corrected with respect to

the minimum tightness in relation to the tightness determined in the trials, and

the nominal thickness to the actual thickness of the failing part.In the case of fasteners and attachments for parts of the external wall cladding, which are approximately equally stiff, taking into account theanchor, the trials are to be carried out according to Fig. A.1.b). If one part is almost brittle compared to the other, then the trials are to becarried out according to Fig. A.1.c). If the actual relationships lie between those of Fig. A.1.c) and A.1.d), both trials are to be performed.

A.3.2 Testing for Tensile Strength

On test bodies from cladding and substructure, at least 10 trials are to be carried out with tensile loading.If, in the component trial according to 8.1, the failure is affected by the substructure, the trials are to be carried out according to Fig. A.2.a)and/or Fig. A.2.b). In all other cases, they can be carried out according to Fig. A.3.

NOTE: The fasteners can fail by breaking off, pulling out of the substructure or by pushing or pulling through the cladding. A support effectfrom the trial arrangement can, as a rule, be excluded if dR or l is at least D + 5, where D is the diameter of the head of the fastener as

Page 8DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

well as the thickness of the cladding. An effect of deformation of the test body is prevented, if the support width dR or l is selected in sucha fashion that no bending failure occurs.

dR and l are to be determined in such a manner that favorable effects on the results due to the support effect of the trial arrangement orthrough deformations of the test body are excluded.On the test bodies, sufficient trials are to be carried out, so that for a static evaluation, at least 10 trial results are available.After the statistical evaluation, the trial results are to be corrected with respect to

the minimum tightness in relation to the tightness determined in the trials, and

the nominal cross-sectional values to the actual cross-sectional values which are responsible for the failure.

Fig. A.1: Individual part trials for shearing loading on the claddingwith substructure or substructure parts (Examples)

1 Cladding element2 Substructure

b) Elevationa) Elevation

c) Cross section, Case 1 d) Cross section, Case 2

FQ Shearing forceamin Smallest provided distance from the edge of claddingbmin Smallest provided distance from the edge of substructures1 Thickness of claddings2 Thickness of substructure

Page 9DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

A.3.3 Limit Values for Diagonal TensionIf fastening, attachment and anchoring points are stressed by oblique tension, then the permissible oblique tensile force can be determinedcorresponding to the ratio of maximum permissible shearing force to the maximum permissible extraction form (see Fig. A.4)Alternatively, these values can also be determined by trials.

Fig. A.2: Testing of the attachment of a cladding to a substructure (Examples)

a) Testing in the joint area of a cladding

b) Testing in the middle area of a cladding

1 Cladding2 Spacer3 Pipe section4 SubstructureFZ Tensile forceamin Smallest provided distance from the edge of claddingbmin Smallest provided distance from the edge of substructuredR Diameter of the pipe cross section

Page 10DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

Fig. A.3: Testing of the fastening (Examples)

Fig. A.4: Sample for the determination of the oblique tensile force S

A.4 General Certificate from Building SupervisionIn a general test certificate from building supervision covering the testing of fasteners and attachments, the following should be indicated:building materials, dimensions and strength of the cladding, substructures, fasteners, attachments and anchors with the possibly requiredwashers, their moments of tightening, for example, in the case of self-threading screws, load deformation diagrams, the test results showingthe statistical distribution, as well as the statistical evaluation of the strengths and dimensions determined for the parts tested by the testfacilities and comparison with the data from the manufacturer.The test results are to be evaluated with the 5% quantile with a reliability level of 75% with a number of spot tests of at least 10.

a) Testing in the classing

a) Testing in the substructure

1 Cladding2 SubstructureFZ Tensile forcel Support width of the test bodyamin Smallest provided distance from the edge of claddingbmin Smallest provided distance from the edge of substructuredR Diameter of the pipe cross section

Page 11DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

Annex B (Normative)Construction Planning

In the execution plans, the following are to be indicated:a) Anchoring base, for example, massive wall, infill in a skeleton structure, according to type and thickness, for example, stone strengthclass, mortar group, concrete strength class.b) Substructure and cladding according to construction materials and type of corrosion protection with protection system identificationnumber and the measurements of the individual parts.c) Fasteners, attachments and anchors by type, material, number and placement.d) Joints according to the location of the building joints, the expansion joints in the substructure and cladding, the form of the joints insubstructures and cladding.

Annex C (Normative)Testing Requirements for Small-Format Cladding Sheets Outside the Rules of the TradeC.1 GeneralEven for cladding sheets with a surface area < 0.4 m2 and a weight < 5 kg, whose use is not covered by recognized rules of the trade4

because they differ in material, shape and/or type of fastening, the sufficiency of their supporting ability must be documented by trials.It is assumed that such sheets are supported free of stresses at four points (one fixed point, three sliding points, the weight of the sheettransferred at two points).

C.2 Necessary TrialsThe local supporting ability in the fastening area with stiff support along with flexing support capability of the cladding sheets and in case ofbrittle sheets, their security of installation (by applying a tensile force in the area of an attaching point not connected to the anchor base) mustbe shown by 10 trials for the attaching variants planned.Furthermore, the working together of the sheets with the substructure must be examined in a component trial using a representative section ofthe structure with surface loading in the wind wake direction.The bending breaking load of the cladding sheets (material identifying value) in the positive and negative position is to be determined in eachof 10 three-point flexing trials. Whole sheets or representative sections thereof can be tested. As a rule, sheet sections with a width of 200 mmwith a field length of 300 mm are tested.If the supporting ability of the attaching elements cannot be proven according to the standards, it is to be determined in the defining loaddirections (central traction, cross traction and oblique traction direction) in each of 10 individual trials, taking into account the most unfavorablepossible effects resulting from weight differences, differing edge forms, length changes (temperature and/or humidity variations) andinstallation effects (for example, in the case of metal attaching clamps, the effect of different binding depths of the cladding sheets into theattaching clamps is to be determined).

C.3 Performance of the Trials and EvaluationIn the performance of the trials and their evaluation, sections A.1 and A.4 are to be considered.The trials may be carried out only by testing entities which have the rightto issue building supervision test results for the area of “external wall cladding, rear-ventilated.”

C.4 New Construction Materials and New Attaching ElementsFor new construction materials and/or composites composed of different components and for attaching elements other than screws, rivets andmetal clamps, additional trials are to be carried out in order to prove their basic suitability. These must be determined for each individual case,as a rule in connection with a permitting process.

4 For example, Rules of the Central Association of German Roofers. Available from the publishing company Rudolf Müller, Stolberger Straße76, 50933 Cologne.

Page 12DIN 18516-1: 1999-12

Annex D (For information)Sample for the Design and Arrangement of a Wind Block

Figure D.1: Sample of a wind block (Schematic sketch)

Annex E (For information)BibliographyStandards of the Series DIN 4102

Fire Behavior of Building Materials and Building ComponentsStandards of the Series DIN 4108

Thermal Protection in High-Rise BuildingsDIN 4109

Noise Protection in High-Rise Buildings–Requirements and ProofsDIN 18351

General Technical Contractual Conditions for Construction Services (ATV)–Facade WorkDIN 18800-2

Steel Structures–Stability Cases–Bending of Rods and Rod FramesDIN 18800-3

Steel Structures–Stability Cases–Sheet DentsDIN 18800-4

Steel Structures–Stability Cases–Shell DentsDIN 18807-1

Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings –Steel Trapezoidal Shapes –General Requirements, Determination of Support CapabilityValues Through Calculation

DIN 18807-2Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings–Steel Trapezoidal Shapes–Performance and Evaluation of Support Capability Trials

DIN 18807-3Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings–Steel Trapezoidal Shapes–Proof of Strength and Design Shaping

DIN 18807-6Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings–Aluminum Trapezoidal Shapes and Their Connections–Determination of Support CapabilityValues Through Calculation

DIN 18807-7Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings–Aluminum Trapezoidal Shapes and Their Connections–Determination of Support CapabilityValues Through Trials

DIN 18807-8Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings –Aluminum Trapezoidal Shapes and Their Connections –Proof of Support Security andSuitability for Use

DIN 18807-9Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings–Part 9: Aluminum Trapezoidal Shapes and Their Connections–Application and Design

DIN EN 1936Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys –Strip Layered Sheets and Strips for General Applications –Specifications; German Version EN1936:1996

Regulations for Energy-Saving Thermal Protection in Buildings (Thermal Protection Regulations –WärmeschutzV) of 8/16/1994 BGBl I, 1994,No. 55, Pages 2121 to 2132.Building Regulation List A and List C.Rules of the Central Association of German Roofers.

1 Wind block2 Anchor3 Cladding4 Air space5 Thermal insulation6 Load-bearing wall