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Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise Kenan-Flagler Business School University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Page 1: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges

December 2012

James H. Johnson, Jr.

Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise Kenan-Flagler Business School

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Page 2: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

OVERVIEW

• Demographic Trends

• Challenges & Opportunities

• Discussion

Page 3: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

what

December 2012

CENSUS 2010will REVEAL

Page 4: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

6 DISRUPTIVE TRENDS

• The South Rises – Again• The Browning of America• Marrying Out is “In”• The Silver Tsunami is About to Hit• The End of Men?• Cooling Water from Grandma’s Well…

and Grandpa’s Too!

Page 5: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

The South Continues To Rise

The South Continues To Rise

...Again!

Page 6: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

SOUTH’S SHARE OF U.S. NET POPULATION GROWTH,

SELECTED YEARS, 1910-2010

Years

U.S. Absolute Population

Change

South’s Absolute

Population Change

South’s Share of Change

1910-1930 30,974,129 8,468,303 27%1930-1950 28,123,138 9,339,455 33%1950-1970 51,886,128 15,598,279 30%1970-1990 45,497,947 22,650,563 50%1990-2010 60,035,665 29,104,814 49%

Page 7: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

U.S. POPULATION CHANGE BY REGION, 2000-2010

Region2010

Population

AbsolutePopulation

Change, 2000-2010

PercentPopulation

Change,2000-2010

U.S. 309,050,816 26,884,972 9.5%

Northeast 55,417,311 1,753,978 3.3%

Midwest 66,972,887 2,480,998 3.0%

South 114,555,744 14,318,924 14.3%

West 72,256,183 8,774,852 13.8%

North Carolina 9,535,483 1,486,170 18.5%

Page 8: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

SHARES OF NET POPULATION GROWTH BY

REGION, 2000-2010Region

Absolute Population Change Percent of Total

UNITED STATES 26,884,972 100.0

NORTHEAST 1,753,978 6.0

MIDWEST 2,480,998 9.0

SOUTH 14,318,924 53.0

WEST 8,774,852 32.0

Page 9: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

NET MIGRATION TRENDS, 2000-2008

Northeast Midwest South West

Total -1,032 -2,008 +2,287 +46

Black -346 -71 +376 +41

Hispanic -292 -109 +520 -117

Elderly -115 +42 +97 -27

Foreign born -147 -3 +145 +3

= Net Import = Net Export

Page 10: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

GROSS AND NET MIGRATION FOR THE SOUTH, 2004-2010

The RegionDomestic Foreign

Years In Out Net In Out Net2004-2007 4,125,096 3,470,431 654,665 268,619 132,382 136,2372007-2010 3,874,414 3,477,899 396,525 232,501 132,201 100,300

FloridaDomestic Foreign

Years In Out Net In Out Net2004-2007 812,053 630,051 182,002 41,745 24,108 17,6372007-2010 654,931 668,087 -13,156 33,095 32,094 1,001

Page 11: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

STATE SHARE OF SOUTH’S NET GROWTH, 2000-2010

Region/State Absolute Change State’s Share

The South 14,318,924 100.0%

Texas 4,293,741 30.0%

Florida 2,818,932 19.7%

Georgia 1,501,200 10.5%

North Carolina 1,486,170 10.4%

Other Southern States 4,218,881 29.4%

Page 12: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

NC COUNTIES WITH THE LARGEST ABSOLUTE POPULATION GAINS,

2000-2010

Page 13: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

NC COUNTIES EXPERIENCING POPULATION DECLINE,  2000-2010

Page 14: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Counties with Biologically Declining Populations, 2009

Legend

Deaths > Births

Deaths < Births

40 75 15037.5

Miles

Pitt

Wake

Bladen

Duplin

Hyde

BertieWilkes

Pender

Moore

Union

Nash

Robeson

Surry

Onslow

Columbus

Burke

Ashe

Anson

Guilford

Harnett

Brunswick

Chatham

Macon

Rowan

Stokes Gates

ForsythYadkinHalifax

Sampson

Iredell

Swain Johnston

Randolph

Wayne

Jones

Martin

Hoke

Lee

LenoirStanly

Craven

WarrenGranville

Tyrrell

Franklin

Buncombe

Davidson

Haywood

Person

Jackson

Dare

Carteret

Caswell

Beaufort

Caldwell

Cumberland

WilsonMadison

Orange

RutherfordPolk Gaston

Cherokee

Rockingham

Davie

Catawba

Richmond

Hertford

McDowell

Cleveland

NorthamptonVance

Clay

Avery

Mecklenburg

Alamance

Lincoln

EdgecombeYancey

Montgomery

Pamlico

Cabarrus

Durham

GrahamGreene

Watauga

Scotland

Henderson

Washington

Transylvania

Mitchell

Camden

Alexander

Currituck

Alleghany

ChowanPerquimans

Pasquotank

New Hanover

Page 15: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

THE “BROWNING” OF NORTH CAROLINA

Page 16: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

IMMIGRATION POPULATION, 1900-2007

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 20070

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

10.3

13.5 13.9 14.211.6

10.3 9.7 9.6

14.1

19.8

31.133.1 34.2 35.2 35.7

37.3

Year

Nu

mb

er

of

Imm

igra

nts

(in

mill

ion

s)

Source: Center for Immigration Studies; U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey

Page 17: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

17

SHARES OF NET POPULATION GROWTH, 2000-2009

Race Absolute Change2000 - 2009 Percent of Total

Total 24,834,539 100Non-Hispanic 12,057,648 48.6 White 4,088,448 16.5 Black 3,276,661 13.4 American Indian 256,564 1.0 Asian 3,233,417 13.0 Native Hawaiian 79,260 0.3 Two or More Races 1,123,298 4.5Hispanic 12,776,945 51.4

October 2012

Page 18: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION GROWTH BY NATIVITY, RACE, AND ETHNICITY, 1990-2007

Native Immigrant White Black Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander

129%

547%

127% 133%

829%

332%

182%

Page 19: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

NORTH CAROLINA FOREIGN BORN POPULATION GROWTH ,

1990-2007

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008

0.5% 0.6%

1.3%1.7%

5.3%

6.9%

21,978 28,620

78,358115,077

430,000

623,242

Page 20: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

CONTRIBUTIONS OF NON-WHITES & HISPANICS TO NC POPULATION CHANGE, 2000-

2010

Area

Absolute Population

ChangePercent Non-

White*Percent Hispanic

All Counties 1,486,170 61.2 28.5

Tier 1 Counties 69,365 84.1 51.5

Tier 2 Counties 327,859 63.2 34.2

Tier 3 Counties 1,088,946 59.1 25.0

Source: Census 2000 and Census 2010. *Non-whites include Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians and Alaskan Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians & Pacific Islanders, and people of two or more races.

Page 21: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

is “In”is “In”

Marrying Out

October 2012 21

Page 22: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

22

INTERMARRIAGE TREND, 1980-2008

% Married Someone of a Different Race/Ethnicity

October 2012

Page 23: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

23

INTERMARRIAGE TYPESNewly Married Couples in 2008

October 2012

Page 24: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

OUT-MARRIAGE PATTERNS BY RACE AND GENDER, NC 2005-

2009Hispanic Men 21.4 Hispanic Women 21.6 Black Men 9.4 Black Women 3.4

White Female 18.0 White Male 16.4 White Female 6.0 White Male 0.6Black Female 1.5 Black Male 3.7 Hispanic Female 1.4 Hispanic Male 1.9Asian Female 0.7 Asian Male 0.2 Asian Female 0.5 Asian Male 0.1Other Female 1.2 Other Male 1.3 Other Female 1.5 Other Male 0.9

White Men 3.3 White Women 3.4 Asian Men 12.3 Asian Women 31.4Hispanic Female 1.1 Hispanic Male 1.2 White Female 10.0 Hispanic Male 1.5Black Female 0.3 Black Male 1.1 Black Female 0.6 White Male 25.8Asian Female 0.9 Asian Male 0.2 Hispanic Female 0.5 Black Male 2.7Other Female 1.0 Other Male 0.9 Other Female 1.2 Other Male 1.3

Page 25: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

MEDIAN AGE & FERTILITY RATES FOR FEMALES IN NC,

2005-2009 Demographic Group Median Age

Fertility/1000 women*

All Females 38.1 56White, Not Hispanic 41.6 49Black 35.0 58American Indian & Alaskan Native 34.1 74Asian 32.8 67Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander 25.5 33Some other race 22.1 108Two or more races 17.8 78Hispanic 22.3 101Native Born 38.7 52Foreign Born 35.3 92

.

Source: American Community Survey *Women 15 to 50 with births in past 12 months

Page 26: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF U.S. BIRTHS BY RACE /

ETHNICITYRace/Ethnicity 1990 2008 2011

White 66% 50% 49.6%

Blacks 17% 16% 15.0%

Hispanics 15% 26% 26.0%

Other 2% 8% 9.4%

Source: Johnson and Lichter (2010); Tavernise (2011).

Page 27: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

CHANGE IN THE RACE/ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF NC PUBLIC

SCHOOLS, 2000-2009

Group2009

Enrollment 2000

Enrollment AbsoluteChange

PercentChange

Share ofNet

Change Total 1,427,960 1,268,422 159,538 12.6 100.0%AI/AN 20,378 18,651 1,727 9.6 1.2%Black 444,870 393,712 51,158 13.0 32.1%Asian 35,140 23,576 11,564 49.0 7.2%Hispanic 152,605 56,232 96,373 171.4 60.4%White 774,967 776,251 - 1,284 - 0.2

.

Source: DPI, The Statistical Profile Online

Page 28: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

NC’s SILVER TSUNAMI

Page 29: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

29

U.S. POPULATION CHANGE BY AGE, 2000-2009

Age 2009Absolute Change

2000 - 2009

Percentage Change

2000 - 2009

<25 104,960,250 5,258,492 5.3

25-44 84,096,278 -1,898,345 -2.2

45-64 79,379,439 16,977,567 27.2

65+ 39,570,590 4,496,886 12.8

TOTAL 307,006,550 24,834,593 8.8

October 2012

Page 30: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

30

U.S. POPULATION TURNING 50, 55, 62, AND 65 YEARS OF AGE,

(2007-2015)Age 50

Age 55

Age 62

Age 65

Average Number/Day 12,344 11,541 9,221 8,032

Average Number/Minute 8.6 8.0 6.4 5.6

October 2012

Page 31: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

DEPENDENCY RATIOS IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH

Source: Census 2010

Page 32: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

NC ABSOLUTE POPULATION CHANGE BY

AGE, 2000-2010Age All Counties

Tier 3 Counties

Tier 2 Counties

Tier 1 Counties

All Ages 1,486,170 1,088,946 327,859 69,365<25 449,385 369,818 85,481 - 5,91425-44 73,209 159,248 - 36,139 -49,90045-64 698,545 410,705 199,101 88,73965+ 265,031 149,175 79,416 36,440

Page 33: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

DEPENDENCY RATES FOR SELECTED SOUTHERN STATES,

2006-2010Dependency Rate

Georgia 67.4Counties with Population Decline (31) 100.4Counties Growing 0.1-10% (44) 75.2Counties Growing 10% or more (84) 62.6

Dependency RateNorth Carolina 68.7Tier 1 90.5Tier 2 71.3Tier 3 56.6

Dependency RateAlabama 80.95 Counties with Greatest % Loss 152.55 Counties with Greatest % Gain 67.1

Page 34: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise
Page 35: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

COOLING WATERS FROM GRANDMA’S

WELL And Grandpa’s Too!

Page 36: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

36

Children Living in Non-Grandparent and Grandparent Households, 2001-2010

Household Type Absolute Number 2010

Absolute Change 2001-2010

Percent Change 2001-2010

All 74,718 2,712 3.8No Grandparents 67,209 917 1.4Both Grandparents

2,610 771 41.9

Grandmother Only

1,922 164 9.3

Grandfather Only 318 71 28.7

October 2012

Page 37: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

37

Children Living in Non-Grandparent and Grandparent-Headed Households by

Presence of Parents, 2010 Household Type

All Children (in thousands)

Living with Both Parents

Living with Mother Only

Living with Father Only

Living with Neither parent

All 74,718 69.3% 23.1% 3.4% 4.0%

No Grandparents

67,209 73.4% 21.2% 3.3% 2.1%

Both Grandparents

2,610 18.1% 40.6% 5.2% 36.1%

Grandmother Only

1,922 13.8% 48.4% 4.5% 33.2%

Grandfather Only

318 26.4% 45.9% 4.4% 23.6%

October 2012

Page 38: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

GRANDPARENTS LIVING WITH GRANDCHILDREN AGES 18 AND YOUNGER IN NORTH

CAROLINA 2005 2010 Percent

Change

Total Households with Grandparents

146,875 175,019 19.2

Grandparents Responsible for Grandchildren

84,232 109,602 30.1

Child's Parents in Household 43,679 67,271 54.0

Page 39: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

The End of Men?

Page 40: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

FEMALE WORKFORCE REPRESENTATION

1970 1980 1990 2000 20100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

% Female

Page 41: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

JOBS LOST/GAINED BY GENDER DURING 2007 (Q4)

– 2009 (Q3) RECESSION Industry Women Men Construction -106,000 -1,300,000Manufacturing -106,000 -1,900,000Healthcare +451,800 +118,100Government +176,000 +12,000Total -1,700,000 -4,700,000

Page 42: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

THE PLIGHT OF MEN

• Today, three times as many men of working age do not work at all compared to 1969.

• Selective male withdrawal from labor market—rising non-employment due largely to skills mismatches, disabilities & incarceration.

• The percentage of prime-aged men receiving disability insurance doubled between 1970 (2.4%) and 2009 (4.8%).

• Since 1969 median wage of the American male has declined by almost $13,000 after accounting for inflation.

• After peaking in 1977, male college completion rates have barely changed over the past 35 years.

Page 43: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

COLLEGE CLASS OF 2010

DEGREE MALE FEMALE DIFFERENCE

Associate’s 293,000 486,000 193,000

Bachelor’s 702,000 946,000 244,000

Master’s 257,000 391,000 134,000

Professional 46,800 46,400 -400

Doctor’s 31,500 32,900 1,400

TOTAL 1,330,300 1,902,300 572,000

Page 44: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

ENROLLMENT IN 2 YEAR COLLEGES, 2009

Area Total

Enrollment

Full Time Enrollment

(%)

Male Enrollment

(%)

Black Enrollment

(%)U.S. 20,966,826 63 43 13Southeast Region

4,731,356 65 41 23

North Carolina

574,135 64 41 24

NC- 2 Yr Colleges

253,383 43 40 25

Page 45: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

UNC SYSTEM STUDENT ENROLLMENT BY GENDER

AND TYPE OF INSTITUTION, 2010Type of

Institution Total

Enrollment Male

Enrollment Percent

Male UNC System 175,281 76,953 44Majority Serving 139,250 63,403 46

Minority Serving 36,031 13,550 38

HBUs 29,865 11,191 37

Page 46: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Average EOG Scores

Gender scores are averages of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/201150.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

61.30

72.1770.15

72.22

65.25

75.3781.20 81.87

68.22

80.4283.88 84.44

Math 8 EOG Scores

Boys GirlsState Avg.

Year

Perc

enta

ge P

asse

d

Page 47: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Average EOG Scores

Gender scores are averages of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/201130.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

38.05

49.63 49.97 48.3842.92

56.83 60.08 54.9254.17

66.61

82.44 80.64

Reading 8 EOG Scores

Boys GirlsState Avg.

Year

Perc

enta

ge P

asse

d

Page 48: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Average EOC Scores

Gender scores are averages of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/201140.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

48.7350.67

62.9258.9257.10

57.98

69.50 69.33

69.04 67.73

77.78 76.65

Algebra 1 EOC Scores

Boys

Girls

State Avg.

Year

Perc

enta

ge P

asse

d

Page 49: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

EOC Composite Scores

2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/201140.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

50.8 52.6

67.4 67.8

53.85 55.7

71.673.95

68.471.5

80.8 79.7

EOC Composite Pass Rates

MalesFemalesState

Year

% o

f Stu

dent

s Pa

ssin

g

Gender scores are averages of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

Page 50: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Male-Female Presence Disparity

2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/20114600

4800

5000

5200

5400

5600

5800

6000

6200

6400

Total Number of EOC Test Takers

malesfemales

Year

Num

ber o

f Tes

t Tak

ers

Graph shows total number of male and female students tested of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Duplin, Halifax, Northampton, and Pamlico)

Page 51: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

High School Graduation Rates

2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/20110

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

60.65 59.5863.75

69.42

77.37 75.17 78.42 81.30

Graduation Rates (LEAs Grouped)

BoysGirls

Year

Perc

ent G

radu

ated

Avg. graduation rates of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

Page 52: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

The Minority Male Challenge

Page 53: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Third Grade EOG Reading Test Pass Rates For Males by

Race/Ethnicity

2008 2009 2010 2011 201220%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

55%

65% 66% 68% 69%

31%

43%46% 48% 49%

33%

45% 46%50% 52%

38%

52%55%

59% 57%

White BoysBlack BoysLatino BoysAmerican Indian

Year

EOG

Pas

s Ra

te

Page 54: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Third Grade EOG Math Test Pass Rates for Males by

Race/Ethnicity

2008 2009 2010 2011 201240%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

84%

90% 90% 90% 90%

54%

65% 65% 67% 68%

67%

76% 77% 79% 80%

67%

74% 75%80%

77%White BoysBlack BoysLatino BoysAmerican Indian

Year

EOG

Pas

s Ra

te

Page 55: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Eighth Grade EOG Reading Test Pass Rates for Males by

Race/Ethnicity

2008 2009 2010 2011 201220%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

66%

77%80% 80% 81%

30%

43%48%

48%50%

35%

49%54%

55% 56%

32%

44% 54%52%

56%White BoysBlack BoysLatino BoysAmerican Indian

Year

EOG

Pas

s Ra

te

Page 56: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Eighth Grade EOG Math Test Pass Rates for Males by

Race/Ethnicity

2008 2009 2010 2011 201240%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

78%

87%89% 89% 90%

54%

65% 65%

67% 68%

56%

73%77%

79% 80%

51%

66%74%

78% 77%White BoysBlack BoysLatino BoysAmerican Indian

Year

EOG

Pas

s Ra

te

Page 57: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

...but Challenges Abound...but Challenges Abound

DIVERSITY RULESDIVERSITY RULES

September 2012 57

Page 58: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

September 2012 58

Page 59: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Percent of High School Graduates Requiring

Remedial Course Work

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

28.7

25.6

23.8

24

26.8

23.3

19.2

20.2

20.8

19.2

48

55.2

55.9

55.2

54

None One Two or MoreHS GradsPercent of HS Grads

1,047

1,725

1,587

1,534

1,261

Two or more

Page 60: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

...but insufficient...but insufficient

Education is NecessaryEducation is Necessary

Page 61: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

AVERAGE SHARE OF LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT BY

EDUCATIONEducation 1990-1993 2001-2004 % Change

Less Than High School 24.7% 23.7% -1.0

High School Graduate 40.6% 34.3% -6.3

Some College 20.7% 24.4% 3.7

Bachelor’s Degree or More 14.0% 17.6% 3.6

Page 62: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

AVERAGE SHARE OF LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT BY

OCCUPATIONOccupation 1990-1993 2001-2004 % Change

Blue Collar 40.5% 31.6% -8.9

Service Occupation 14.3% 16.7% 2.4

White Collar 38.5% 44.4% 5.9

Page 63: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

THE LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED, 2009

PROFESSION % OF ALL JOBLESS WORKERS

Architecture & Engineering 41.2

Management 39.0

Community & Social Services Occupations 36.1

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Work 34.9

Production Occupations 33.4

Page 64: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

BACHELOR’S DEGREE HOLDERS (UNDER AGE 25)

WHO WERE JOBLESS OR UNDEREMPLOYED

Year Percent 2000 41.02011 53.6

Page 65: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

CHANGE IN INCIDENCE OF POVERTY BY EDUCATIONAL

ATTAINMENT IN NC, 2005-2007, 2008-2010 Educational

Attainment 2005-2007 2008-2010Percent Change

Less than High School 253,304 276,757 9.3%High School Graduate 216,667 234,371 8.2%Some College, Associate Degree 136,185 186,834 37.2%Bachelor’s degree or higher 49,082 57,919 18.0%

Source: American Community Survey

Page 66: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

THE COMPETITIVE TOOL KIT

• Analytical Reasoning • Entrepreneurial Acumen• Contextual Intelligence • Soft Skills/Cultural Elasticity • Agility and Flexibility

Page 67: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Implications for Workforce Planning and Development

• Managing transition from the “graying” to the “browning” of America.

• Competition for talent will be fierce – and global.

• Successful recruitment and retention will hinge on your ability to effectively manage the full nexus of “diversity” issues.

September 2012 67

Page 68: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

MOVING FORWARD

• Higher Education must become more actively engaged in K-12 Education.

• Improve Male Education Outcomes.• Embrace immigrants.• Develop effective strategies to address childhood

hunger • Establish stronger ties with business to ensure that

students graduate with the requisite skills to compete in an ever-changing global economy.

• Prepare students for the freelance economy.

Page 69: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

69

GOP Presidential Candidate Share of

Minority Vote

Year Hispanic/Latino Asian 2004 44% 42%2008 31% 33%2012 27% 26%

November 2012

Page 70: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

THE END

Page 71: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Supporting Slides

For Discussion Only

Page 72: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

The Freelance Economy

Page 73: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

THE ONLINE MARKET PLACE

• Guru.com • Elance.com• Odesk.com • Freelancer.com

Page 74: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

DISTRIBUTION OF FREELANCE

ENTREPRENEURS

Page 75: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

FREELANCERS WITHIN 30 MILE RADIUS OF ZIP: 27514

(N= 1,578)Programming & Databases (287) Illustration & Art (50)Writing, Editing & Translation (281) Photography & Videography

(41)Administrative Support (217) Sales & Marketing (26)Website & Ecommerce (153) Broadcasting (25)Graphic Design & Multimedia (148) Finance & Accounting (22)Business Consulting (101) Legal (18)Networking & Telephone Systems (76)

ERP & CRM (14)

Engineering & CAD (57) Fashion & Interior Design (8)

Marketing & Communications (54)

Page 76: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

November 2012 76

Global Scholars Academy

Page 77: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

December 2012 77

Global Scholars Academy Lab School

Youth Psychological Services

UnderprivilegedYouth

Family Management

Technological Innovationsin Learning

Tutors Remediation in the Basics Mentors

Common Core Course of Study

Health and Wellness

Entrepreneurship & Financial Literacy

GlobalAwareness

Character Education

After-school/Extended DayCultural Enrichment

Fine Arts Fitness Soft Skills Networking

Preparatory School

Page 78: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

December 2012 78

Global Scholars Academy Lab School

Youth Psychological Services

UnderprivilegedYouth

Family Management

Technological Innovationsin Learning

Tutors Remediation in the Basics Mentors

Common Core Course of Study

Health and Wellness

Entrepreneurship & Financial Literacy

GlobalAwareness

Character Education

After-school/Extended DayCultural Enrichment

Fine Arts Fitness Soft Skills Networking

Preparatory School

Page 79: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

The North Carolina Minority Male Bridge to Success Project

Page 80: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

African-American Male Strategic Interventions

ServicesPre-K

Intervention

4th Grade Success

Intervention

DisconnectedYouth

Intervention

Saturday College

Prep Academy

CollegeRetention

Intervention

Psychological Services / Family Supports X X X X X

Enriched Standard Course of Study X

Technology-Enhanced Remediation X X X X X

Traditional Tutoring / Mentoring X X X X X

Cultural Enrichment / Soft-Skills Training X X X X X

Networking X X X X X

Page 81: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Successful Pathways to OptimalDevelopment

CommunityLow QualityCaregivers

Affection

MediatingInstitutions

Protection OptimalDevelopment

School

Males ofColor

Neighborhood

Violence/Lackof Safety

Harsh/Inconsistent/IneffectiveDiscipline

Social, Cultural& Intellectual

CapitalNetworks

Family Fragile SelfIdentity

Correction

ConcentrationEffects Target Group Stressors Bridges Coping

Mechanisms Outcomes

Page 82: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Recruitment Strategy for GSA Bridge toSuccess Program for Black Boys 0-8

GSA/BSPfor

Black Boys0-8

GSA/Primary Colors

Early ChildhoodLearning Center

GSA K-8 CharterSchool

EducationOutcomes forProgram and

Control Groups

TargetPopulation

Pre-KInterventions

K-8Interventions

Outcomes

Page 83: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Logic Model For Young Boys Of Color EarlyIntervention (0 To 8 Years Old)

Inputs

Boys of color ages 0-8in attendance at GSA

Families of boys of colorat GSA

Teaching staff,administrators, andvolunteers at GSA

Activities to Improve CopingMechanisms

Conduct parent focus groups,support groups, and home-visitsand disseminate informationspecific supporting boys of colorpro-social growth anddevelopment

Engage boys in high-interestoral language, pre-academic andsocial skills activities (in-schooland afterschool) that supporttheir development of healthyracial identities

Develop an incentive-basedsavings account for each boy

Provide professionaldevelopment to educatorsthrough expert practitioners.

Assess curriculum andmaterials to ensure that isinterests and challenges boys toexcel

Leveraging corporate,community and universitypartnerships to inform design,implementation, and longitudinalevaluation

Leverage resources to securefunding for GSA

Outputs

Increase parents andcaregivers’ support for theirboys’ pro-social growth anddevelopment

Strengthen boys orallanguage, pre-academic andsocial skills, and racial identity

Concretize families ability tohelp finance their boys’ collegematriculation

Strengthen teachers’ andadministrators ability to engage,motivate, teach, and developcharacter in young boys ofcolor.

Outcomes

Problems

Boys of color aremore likely toexperience early andpersistent trauma andviolence

Boys of color are lesslikely to havenurturingcaregivers/parentsand qualifiededucators

Boys of color are lesslikely to be preparedfor school and morelikely to receiveinadequate/inappropriateeducational services

Healthy males with strongacademic, social, and characteridentities

Families that are moreemotionally-secure,knowledgeable, and engagedwith their boys, and havestronger social networks

Impact

OptimalDevelopmentHealthy andprepared to succeedin school

Positive feelingsabout school,collegematriculation, andfuture success

Strong andadaptive self-efficacy and self-regulation

Above averageperformance oncognitive.Behavioral, andemotionalassessments

Advisory panel ofacademic scholars andpractitioners

Technologicallyenhanced learningpartnerships (SAS, IBM,Carnegie Mellon, etc)

Enduring community &university partnerships toinform design,implementation andevaluation

Resources and fundingpartners for boys' higherEducation

Formalization of corporate,community and universitypartnerships

Evaluation of outcomes andimplementation

Teachers better able to teachboys of color using high boy-interest activities and materialsIncrease the number of

activities, lessons, andmaterials of high interest toboys

Use evaluation data toimprove subsequentprogramming and assessprogram impact

Each family has a collegesavings plan for their boys

Page 84: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Logic Model For Minority Male College Preparatory Academy Grades 9-12th

Problems- Minority males are less likely to possess positive social networks (from either their peers or lack of male presence in household)

- Minority males are more likely to experience or witness trauma and violence

-Minority males are more likely to experience disproportionate school disciplinary sanctions

- Minority males are behind their peers academically and more prone to disconnecting from school altogether

Inputs

- Males of color in Grades 9-12 - Families/guardians - Teaching staff, administrators, guidance counselors mentors, coaches - Advisory panel of academic scholars and practitioners to inform training curricula and professional development activities - Leverage technologically enhanced learning partnerships (SAS, IBM, Carnegie Mellon, etc) - Resources and funding partners for boys' higher Education

Strategies

-Offer courses and curricula that prepare students for college-level work and ensure students understand what constitutes a college-ready curriculum

-Utilize measures throughout high school to assess baseline college “preparedness” and assist them on overcoming deficiencies as identified

-Surround students with adults and peers who build and support college going and career aspirations

Provide comprehensive life/skills training to increase cultural elasticity, enhance understanding of intrests and career aptitudes, character development & personal branding

-Provide professional development to educators through expert practitioners.Increase household financial capability and opportunities to practice money management

-Leveraging partnerships to inform design, implementation and evaluation

Outputs

Concretize families ability to help finance their boys’ college matriculation Strengthen teachers’ and administrators ability to engage, motivate, teach, and develop character in young boys of color. Use evaluation data to improve subsequent programming and assess program impact Formalization of corporate, community and university partnerships Concrete evaluation design and plan for outcomes and implementation Teachers better able to teach boys of color

Outcomes

Students possess the prerequisite academic skills necessary to meet college rigor standards

Students possess strong cognitive skills and an ability to think analytically

Students strong self management skills, are organized and manage time wisely

Students possess a dense social network of peers and mentors

Student possess goal-oriented strategies for managing their personal finances.

Page 85: Disruptive Demographics and North Carolina’s Education Challenges December 2012 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise

Logic Model For Minority Male College Retention

Problems

- College unreadiness

- Institutional Culture Shock

- Poor Coping Skills

- Inadequate academic and social supports

- Loan use and abuse

- Parental/Family obligations

- Career path insecurity

Inputs

- Program staff

- Faculty

- Student Affairs

- Housing/Resident Life

- Academic Affairs Staff

- Student Organizations

- Campus Health Services

- Family Support

- Community Partners

- Student Peers

Strategies

- First-year Transition

- Academic Advising

- Assessment/Screening

- Career Planning/Placement

- Learning Assistance

- Mentoring

- Faculty Development

- Financial Aid Navigation

- Co-Curricular Services

- Mental Health/Coping Support

Outputs

- Less first-year transition

- Timely major selection

- Appropriate major selection

- Efficient course selection

- Realistic professional goals

- Higher student GPAs

- Stronger professional networks

- Less attrition in “gateway courses”

- Less finance driven attrition

- Stronger social support

- Greater resiliency

- Early warning

Outcomes

- Greater retention rates

- Higher graduation rates

- More career ready graduates

- Less debt and more financially stable

- Entrepreneurial acumen

- Possess a global perspective