“REVIEW:ACADEMICTRIPSTOJAPAN”

Disusunoleh:Nama :ImasIinLasmawati

NPM:120820160006 Kelas:Eksekutif47

KONSENTRASIMANAJEMENSDMPROGRAMSTUDIMAGISTERMANAJEMEN

FAKULTASEKONOMIDANBISNISUNIVERSITASPADJADJARAN

BANDUNG2017

CHAPTERIMARKETINGANALYSIS(Topic-3:Souvenir)

WhatkindofsouvenirsproductresultsfromSMEsbusinessactorinNakamiseDoriArea?

NakamiseDoriisactuallythemainroadtoSensojiTempleinAsakusa.SensojiTempleisatemplebuiltinthe6th century that became the oldest andmost crowded temple visited by tourists. Sensoji Temple is also oftencalledAsakusaKannonShrine.

NakamiseDoriconnectsKaminarimononthemainroadwithSensojiTempleonthe inside.Witha lengthofabout200meters,NakamiseDoriiscomposedofmorethan80storesthatsellknick-knacksandsouvenirstypicalofJapan,suchas:

1. MiniLanterns

TherearelanternseverywhereinSensoujiTemple,fromthemainhalltotheKaminarimonGate.Wecanfindasmalllanternthatwecancarryafterthemaingate.

2. CharmswithBells

Thisistheropethatunitesthebell,whichinitselfisatoolforBuddhistworship,andcharm.Therearecharmsfor certain purposes, such as protection for thewell-being of your family, and the realization of ambition.Ropescanhavemorethanjustbellsandspells.Somehaveminiaturelanterns.Itemsthatbringgoodlucklikethisaregoodforgifts.

3. WindChime

Everysummer,youcanhearthesoundofthebellthatjerksthebellatNakamiseDori.Thesoundissymbolicof the Japanese summer, that's the wind blending. Before Japan has air conditioning, people will feel thecoolnessinthesound(itsvoiceisbelievedtomakepeoplefeelcooler).Inaddition,during"HodukiIchi"intheearlysummer,theyweredistributedtowardoffevil.

4. “Tabi”Socks

Next,wehavea sockwith the frontenddivided into two,arrangedafter "tabi". Theyarepopular for theirJapanese-esquedesignandcomfort.

5. Chopsticks

Chopsticksaretheneedof Japanesecuisine."Morita,", themakersofchopsticksatNakamise-Doridecoratetheirchopstickswithelegantpictures.Chopsticksaresomethingthatwelike,somuchmoreusethemforus,andisanindispensabledailynecessityfortheJapanese.

6. FuroshikiandWashcloth

Furoshikiwasoriginallycreatedasaclothtowrapstuff,but itsuse isunlimited.Youcaneventurn it intoacutehandbagbytyingitaroundahandle.

Inthesameway,thedusterhasseveralusesaswell.Theyaredurable,dryquickly,andcanbeusednotonlyasatowel,butalsoto wipethekitchensurface,oreventowrapsmallluggage.

7. Horifuda

Forfriendsandcoupleswhowantmatchingstuff,trytogetournameengravedonhorifuda.WecangetournametranslatedintoJapanesecharacters.

8. Here are photos of souvenirs and knick-knacks from Japan (Souvenir from Nakamise Street) :

CHAPTERIICULTURALANALYSIS

HowisthecultureoftheJapaneseassociatedwiththesharedreligion,thevaluesoflifeandothercultures?

Associatedwiththereligionadopted

ThereareseveralreligionsinJapanotherthanShintoasfolkbeliefandasabelief,amongothersBuddhism,Samawi religions, Shinshukyo and other religions coexist harmoniously. Although it is said that religion is notimportant inthe lifeoftheJapanese,but infacttheJapanesecontinuereligious life intheirbehaviorascultural"guardians"oftheirculture.

InthedailylifeofJapanesepeopleitseemsthatreligionisnotimportant.Japanesesocietyhasaverysecularviewand isnot so concernedabout religion.Generally the Japaneseatbirthgeta ceremony inShinto, andarefollowedbyvariousotherreligiousceremoniesandritualsofHitoshiMiyakethroughouttheirlife,whilemarriedinShintoorChristianityand inBuddhistceremoniesondeathandrespectfortheancestors. InadditiontoBuddhaandShinto,whatreasonscausedtheJapanesetoembracemorethanonereligion?Thismaybedifficulttoexplain.BorrowingopinionsfromareligiousresearcherinJapan,Prof.HanazonoToshimarofromTohokuUniversitywhosaidthatJapanislikea"museumofreligionsintheworld".Manyresearchersdoso,becauseingeneralJapanesedonotbelieveinreligion,butinrealitytheyembracemorethanonereligion.

The original Japanese religion is Shintowhichmeans "TheWay of theGods". After the entry of Buddhismthrough China and Korea around the 6th century, through a long struggle, therewas a harmonious interactionbetween the Shinto godswith the Buddha known as honji suijaku. In general today the Japanese are not onlyShintoorBuddhistsalonebutevenalsoChristianityorwithothers.Theyplaceprioritiesorneedsforeachreligion.SimilarlytothisdayinthehomesoftheJapanese,especiallyinruralareasthereareShintoandBuddhistaltarsandsometimesthereisastatueoftheVirginMary.TheyalsogotoJinjaorShintoTempleandgotoOteraorBuddhistTemple,andmayalsogotoChurchorotherreligiousactivitiesaccordingtotheirwishesandneeds.

ItcanbesaidthatChristianityhadnothadastronginfluenceonJapanesecultureuntilnow.Thepossibilityofmonotheism in this religion isdifficult toacceptorassimilate into Japaneseculture. It isalsopossible thatstrictrulesinChristianityalsohamperthespreadanddevelopmentofChristianityasareligionbecauseitisconsideredincompatiblewith Japanese temperament rules,which allow liquor, permit free sex practice aswell asworldlymattersoforiginallofwhichdonotinterferewiththeenvironment.ThemonotheisticthatexistsinChristianityinparticularaswellasothercelestialreligionshindersthedevelopmentofthatreligion.InJapaneselifecanacceptmanygodsandalsohavevarious functions.Which Japanesepeople canacceptwithout confusionor conflictingfeelings.BecauseoftheJapanese,Shintotraditionallyfocusesongroupwelfare,whileBuddhistspayattentiontofamilywelfare.Christianity isonlypresent inthe livesofurban individualsaswellastheatmosphereofmodernindustriallifeaswellaslifestyle.

For the Japanese all natural phenomena that live or are considered alive (inanimate) and evenman-madeobjectswillbeconsideredtohavethepotentialtobeconsideredaliveiftheybelievethereisamagicalpowerintheseobjects. These thingsareknownas folkbelieft.On thispointHarumiBefu said that indeed thepeopleofJapaninthebeliefoftheirpeoplehavemixedorsyncretismwithreligionsfromoutsideJapan,buttheJapanesedonottakeaheadonit.FromthiswecanunderstandthatthebeliefoftheJapanesepeopleisabeliefsystemthatonly the Japanese and the Japanese land alone who understand and believe it despite the occurrence ofsyncretismbutthecoloroftheShintoandJapanesetraditionismaintained.

Inessence,theculturallifeandtraditionsoftheJapaneseareShintoandBuddha.TheJapanesegovernmentprovidesaveryfullreligiousfreedomtoitspeople.Thisisalsothecauseofnewreligionsorshinshukyocangrowandspread.Interestingly,theemergenceofShinshukyootherthanBuddhismandShintobasedonthesyncretismof religions such as Christianity, Catholicism, perhaps even Sikhism and Islam is also practiced in their lives. InadditionKonFuTsualsohasaveryimportantfunctioninJapanesecultureespeciallyinmoralteachingratherthanreligion. From the literature data it is assumed that the characteristics and orientation of Japanese are very

differentfrommonotheisticreligionsbecausetheJapaneseassumethatreligionisnotanimportantthinginlife.Theattitudesinclude:

1. The same Japanese will worship or honor the gods of different religions without conflicting feelings. Forexample:InthehouseoftheJapanesetherewereButsudan(altarofBuddhism)andKamidana(Shintoaltar)andpossiblytheyalsoplacedthecrossofJesus,thestatueoftheVirginMaryorotherreligioussymbols.

2. TheJapanesereligiousconceptofagodcanconsistofdifferentreligions.3. Thereisaplaceofworshipthatplacesthesymbolsofthegodsofdifferentreligions.

Linkedtothevaluesoflife

InJapaninchoosinganame(firstname)oftenchoosewordsthatsymbolizethemeaningofgood,asaprayerfor the child later goodway of life. Especially in Japan, the number of strokes kanji used is also one particularconsideration inchoosinga letter forachild.Generallymen inJapanend in"ro" (郎),whilewomenend in"ko"(子).

TraditionsinJapan,include:1. InJapan,thefamilynameisenteredintheofficialcivilregistry.2. InJapanaftermarriageawomanwillchangehernameofficiallyfollowingherhusband'ssurname.3. TheKanjiscriptthatcanbeusedtocomposeachild'snameinJapanislimitedbythegovernment(about2232

letters,calledjinmeiyokanji.

InJapan,thesignaturesthatoriginallyhadanimportantrole,becamelostitsrole.SignaturesinJapandonothaveformalpower.TraditionofJapanesesocietyinsigningisbyusinginkan(stamp).Usuallythisisinscribedwithafamilyname.ThereareseveraltypesofinkanusedinJapan,amongothers:1. "Mitomein"(認印)isusedforeverydaypurposesthatarenotveryimportant,forexamplewhenreceivinga

shipment,fillingtheapplication.2. "Jitsuin"(実印)isusedforimportantpurposes,suchasbuyingahouse,buyingacar.Inkanthistypemustbe

registeredatthegovernmentoffice.3. "Ginkoin"(銀ide印)isusedtoopenanaccountatabank.

"Jitsuin" and "ginkoin" are very rarely used and should be kept well. Because if lost it will cause seriousproblemsinbusiness.ForstrangerswhenenteringJapanmustmakeaninkan.Tocreateabankaccount,wecannot use signatures, andmust use the inkan. Excepty yubinkyoku that still allow signature. Having no signaturehabits,manyJapanesearerequiredtosign(inpassportsforexample),typicallywritingtheirfullnamesinkanji.

OneinterestingtopicisthatJapanhasawayofexpressinggratitude,apologyandsoonusingbodylanguage:1. Ojigi

In Japanesecultureojigi isawayofhonoringbybowing, forexamplewhengiving thanks,apology,givingadiplomaatgraduation,andsoforth.

Therearetwotypesofojigi:a. Ritsurei(立礼)

Ritsureiisojigiperformedwhilestanding.Whendoingojigi,menusuallydothiswhilepressingthebutttokeepthebalance,whilewomenusuallyputbothhandsinfrontofthebody.

b. Zarei(座礼).Zareiisojigiperformedwhilesitting.

Basedontheintensity,ojigiisdividedinto3:a. Saikeirei(最敬礼)

Saikeirei isthehighestlevel.Thebodyisbentabout45degreesormore.Saikeirei isveryrarelydoneineverydaylife,becauseitisusedwhenexpressingadeepapologyortoperformaprayer.

b. Keirei(敬礼)Keireiiswhenbodyisbentabout30-45degrees.

c. Eshaku(会釈)Eshakuiswhenbodyisbentabout15-30degrees.

The longeranddeeperthebody isbent indicatingthe intensityof feelingtobeconveyed. ,Tobewarmer,ojigi is done repeatedly. For example iswhen Iwant to convey a very deep feeling of forgiveness. As forIndonesianculture,ojigiisnotknown.

2. Handshake

ThetraditionofhandshakesperformedinJapansymbolizeshospitalityandwarmth.Thelocationofthehandafterhandshakedoneisalsodifferent.Therearesomepeoplewhothenputahandonthechest,therearesomewhoalsoplacedontheforehead,astheexpressionthatitisnotonlyoutwardly,butalsofromthemind.

3. KissHands,KissCheeksandSungkem

InJapan,kissinghand,kissingcheekandsungkemcultureareunknown.

Japaneseculturehasitsownuniquenessinexpressingrespect,apology.TheJapanesearerelativelyhomogeneous.Associationwithothercultures

JapanesecultureisstillfoundandstoodfirmandsidebysidewithvariousdevicesandmoderniconsimportedfromtheWest. (BoyedeMente,2009:26).Aspartof the traditional Japanesecultural character, thisaspectofJapanese life is defined and named so that it can be discussed, understood, taught and passed from onegeneration to the next. These so-called aspects are called do andwaza.What ismeant is "way" while "waza"means"skill",itshouldalsobeunderstoodthatthiswordhasbothaphysicalandmetaphysicalmeaningorafactormeaningSpiritualthatsometimesismoreimportantthanphysicalfactors.

In otherwords, Japanese society approaches life by combining the development of physical skillswith thematurityofspirituality.ThereisnoonefieldinthelifeofJapanesesocietythathasnowazaanddo.Eitherthroughthemediationofparents, teachers,orartists; ineachskill itembeddedaspecial spiritualcomponent thatoftenmanifests into the physical realm. Sowhat important is the spiritual side in training and teaching in Japan, sotrainingandteachingforthissideseemstobedominatingovertrainingfor itsphysicalside.SoastobeusedasritualssuchasBushido(Charaksatria),Chado(howtodrinktea),Karatedo(howtohand),Kendo(howtoplaythesword)andothers.UnderthepowerfulinfluenceoftheSamuraiculture,Japanesesociety'sbehaviorisstructuredinsuchawaythatitiscarefullypatterned,highlystyledandconnectedtoone'ssocialclass,gender,andageinasociety,whereconformitytobehavior’sworthoftentakesprecedenceoverthepurposeofanactitself.

There are several dimensions in understanding the character and spirit of Bushido contained in Japanesesociety. Bushido consists of theword bushi (knight or warrior) and do (way). Bushido or 'way of' is an ethicalsystemormoralcodeofchivalryprevailingamongSamuraiespeciallyinthefeudalageofJapan(12-19thCentury).ThemeaningofBushidoingeneralisawillingnesstodieforthebenefitofthestate/empireandemperor.Inthefeudal era, thegrouping in society is very strictly executed,wherebushi / samuraioccupy thehighestposition.Theyarehighly respectedand fearedby society,especially in theTokugawaera,whenappliedSakoku'spolitics(self-closure)fromtheoutsideworld.ItwasthenthatBushidowasformallyorganizedinanethicalform,appliedstrictly,andtaughttothepublic.

The concept of Bushido in the Samurai can be considered in the minds of the Samurai. According to theSamuraitheproblemsof lifeanddeatharenottwofundamentallydifferentcircumstances.This isreinforcedbythenecessitiessetforthintheteachingsofBushido.BushidocannotbeseparatedfromtheattitudeofSamuraiinrunning his belief. Generally they (the Samurai) embraced and practiced Zen Buddhist beliefs, based on thedeepeningthatrisinganattitudetoseekharmonywiththeuniverse,especiallywiththenaturalenvironment.Thisconditionofharmonyissoughttoobtainserenity,simplicity,andbeauty.(Suharman,1987:123).

Bushido'scodeofethicscontrolseveryaspectofthelivesofthesamurai.Themainguidanceofthesamuraiinthe law is that theymust develop swordsmanship and otherweapons, dress and behave in a specialway, andpreparefordeaththatcanhappenatanytimewhileservingtheirmaster.Theydevotethatloyaltytoahighmoralstandard for all actions in life. Bushidowas reflectedduringWorldWar II,which becamea daringwarrior. ThespiritofbushidocontinuedtoaccompanythejourneyofJapanesenationfromtimetotimesothatfinallyJapanmanaged to rise from the advent ofWorldWar II and then emerged as an economic giant. AlthoughmassivechangestookplaceduringtheMeijiperiodwhensomanyJapanesegenerationsweresenttoAmericaandEurope,

thesevaluesremainedlargelyinthehandsoftheJapanesebecausetheyhadbeenstronglyinternalizedinsocietythroughaprocessofhundredsofyears.

ThemostfundamentalthingintheBushidoprincipleistheteachingtoalwayslivewithhonestythemselves;ifnot, they are considered not really living life as awhole. The doctrine even though seems simple, but is reallymeaningfulandbringspeaceintheheartofeachsamurai.Ifoneshavebeenhonestwiththemself,thentheywillspontaneouslybehonestwithanyone.

Bushido isasamuraiethicalcodethatdevelopedsincethedaysofKamakura(1185-1333).Bushidocontainsmoral teachingssuchascourage, fortitude,purity, loveofgoodname, loyalty, responsibility,shame,andhonor.Thespiritualaspectbecomesan importantaspectofbushidobecausethroughself-control,strengthwillarisesothat samurai can conquer their opponents. Currently, bushidobecomes thepersonality of the Japanesenation.Bushidocomesfromtheteachingsofbelief inJapan,which ismainlyConfucianism.Fromtheteachingsofthe5Confuciansocial relationspatterns, thetermdevelopingon,namelytheobligationordebttobepaid forhavingreceivedthegoodofothers.Paymentondivided into2 types,namelygimuandgiri.Oneformofgimu iscalledchu,which isaservicetotheEmperor.Chuisregardedasthehighestonwhichshouldbepriorityontheother.Why the Emperor? Because the Emperor occupies the highest position in the life of Japanese.Devotion to theEmperor means devotion to the state. The value of courage in Bushido is widely applied to the Japanese indefendinghiscountry, liketheKamikazetroopswhodaredtodieinWorldWarII.Thenextpaymenttypeisgiri.Giri includestheloyaltyoffollowerstotheirmasterandkeepsagoodname.Loyaltytosuperiors is identifiedasthe virtue of a samurai, so the samurai are willing to sacrifice their dying life for their master, who has beeninstrumentalintakingcareofit.

TheStoryoftheForty-SevenRoninisonesuchexample.ThestorytellsaboutthesamuraiwhoareforcedtoviolateChutoavengetheirmaster,andafterthattheyarewillingtocommitseppukutopayofftheirchuduties.For the sake of the giri, they are willing to leave their wife and parted with their family. This proves that forsamurai, loyaltyiseverything.Inaddition,giriagainstgoodnameisequallyimportantinBushidovalues.Thisgiriobliges every Japanese to keep the honor of their name. In Japan, honor is a virtue and alwayswanted to beachievedbythepeople.Oneofthewaysconductingthisgiriisbycontrollingthemselves,forexamplebeingstoic.Samuraimustbeabletowithstandhungerandpainwithoutcomplainingorgrimacingabit.Theiractisoneformofself-respect.GiriisthendevelopedintothementalofJapanesepeoplewhoputlovefirstnameanditcannotbeachieved if there is stilldirt (insult) that is stillattached to them. If there isnootheroption thatcanclear theirnames,theyarenotreluctanttocommitsuicidebecausesuicideisanhonorableacttoreestablishtheirimage.

Thereforeweoftenheartheeventsofseppukudonebysamurai.Eveninthelasttwodecades,thechoicetocommitsuicideasaname-clearingisstilldonebytheJapanese,asinthecaseoftheKobeMayorwhocommittedsuicidebecausehefeltunabletoperformthetaskofrecoveringKobeCityaftertheearthquakein1995andtheJapaneseMinistryofAgriculturein2007doingthesameaftersteppingdownfromhispostforacorruptioncase.BushidobegantobecomeaunityofvalueheldbytheJapanese intheeraofmodernization,giventheneedforequalityinthewholesociety.Bushidoistaughtinschoolsasasubstituteforreligiouslessonsandmoralguidance.BushidovaluesthathavebeeningrainedinthesouloftheJapanesenationbecamethepowerofJapantoadvancehiscountry.Thegoalofhonorcausesthemtostrivetoovercomedevelopmentalobstacles(rarenaturalresourcesanddenselypopulated)intopotentialforeconomicprogress.

Another factor supporting the success of Japan's economic system is loyalty to the state. The loyalty isreflectedintheeffortsofeachprefecturetodeveloptheindustryaccordingtothenaturalresourcesownedandthecooperationbetweentheprivateentrepreneursectorandthegovernmentsincetheMeijiera.Inpolitics,theJapanesegovernmentiscleanandalmostfreefromcorruptionbecausetheyhaveaverystrongcultureofshame.Inaddition,politicallifecanrunharmoniouslybypopularsupportthatrespectsthegovernmentandtheEmperor.Thus,thepoliticalsystemandeconomicsystemofJapansucceededbecausetheapplicationofBushidovaluesofloyalty,honor,shame,andresponsibility.

AnotheraspectofJapanesebehaviorthatisalsoinspiredbyBushido'steachingsisthatemployeesbehaveasiftheyarethefoundersandownersofthecompany,sotheywilldoanythingtomakethecompanysuccessfulandcan be understood as a traditional ethic backed by a natural family tendency. oriented to the persuasion ofConfucius.

BroadlyspeakingBushido'svaluescanbeexplainedasfollows:

1. Integrity(Gi).Giistheabilitytomaketherightdecisionswithmoralconviction,sothatdecisionscanbefairandbalancedforeveryone,regardlessofskincolor,race,gender,orage.

2. Courage(Yu).Yuistheabilitytohandleeverysituationwithcourageandconfidence.3. Compassion(Jin).Thejinisacombinationofaffectionandgenerosity.JinappliedwithGiwillmakeasamurai

canreducethedesiretousetheirabilityarrogantlyortodominateothers.4. Respect (Rei). Rei deals with good manners and attitudes to others. Rei also means having to respect all

parties.5. Honesty (Makoto).Makotomeans being true to ourselves, just as we are honest with others. Thismeans

actingmorallyright,anddoingitaswellaswecan.6. Dignity (Meiyo). Meiyo can be achieved by thinking positively, but can only be realized if followed by

appropriateaction.Successisanoblegoaltofightfor.7. Loyalty(Chungi).Chungiisthefoundationofallmoralprinciples;withoutdedicationandloyaltytoagoalorto

others,onecannotexpecttoachievetheresultsthathewants.

ThesevalueshavebecomethecharacterofJapanesenationandsocietyandhavebeenimplementedineverydaylife. Then Bushido's values become a driving force in all aspects of people's lives and can be witnessed andacknowledgedbythenationsoftheworld.

CHAPTERIIICOMPANYVISIT

(Topic-4:HowtobuildpeopleawarenessinIndonesiatomanagegarbageproperlyfromthegarbagecollectionfromthehousehold,thencollectedbyDinasKebersihananddumpedatthelandfill?)

HowtobuildpeopleawarenessinIndonesiatomanagegarbageproperlyfromthegarbagecollectionfromthehousehold,thencollectedbyDinasKebersihananddumpedatthelandfill?

Garbage isamixtureofallkindsofgoods(unused,unpopularorsomethingtobediscarded)andthemixedreaction results are often never expected as a result. Sources of garbage can vary, including from households,markets,shops,offices,publicbuildings,industries,androads.TheproblemofgarbageinIndonesia,ifnothandledwellwillleadtoadverseorunexpectedchangeofenvironmentalbalancethereforepollutetheenvironmentbothto the soil,water andair. Theproblemof garbage is not only amatter of theDepartmentofHygieneor otheragencies in the region, but it becomes the affairs and interests of all parties, ranging from service users(households, markets, industries, organizations), hygiene providers (RT/RW, government, private companies),recyclers(scavengers,stallownersandrecycledmaterialmanufacturers).

Goodgarbagemanagement isoneway tokeepourenvironmentclean like theslogansweoftenencounter"DONOT LITTER".Nevertheless, the slogan alone is not enough,many factors influence the successof garbagemanagementinIndonesia,including:

1. Culture,AttitudeandCommunityBehavior

Indonesianpeople'sawarenessofthegarbageproblemisstillverylow.Thelevelofcommunityawarenessongarbagedisposalandgarbagemanagementisveryimportant.Environmentalcommunitymovementsneedtobecreated.TheproblemofgarbageinIndonesiashouldbetakenseriously.Notonlyshouldnotwastelittering,butalso

mustseparatethevarioustypesofgarbagebeforedisposal,sonogarbageisputintogarbagebags"bulk".ShameshouldbethekeytotheeffectivenessofgarbagemanagementinIndonesiaaswellasinJapan.Early

educationprograms,havebeentrainedhowtodisposeofgarbageaccordingtothetype.Itbuildsagarbagedisposalculturethatcanbeembeddedsubconsciously.There is a correlation between community behavior in garbage management with socio-economic

characteristics(education,employment,familysize,income,knowledge)andethnicity/customs.Changing the perception that garbage is a friend not an opponent, that garbage can be dangerous by

destroying the environment and spreading the disease, but also can produce fertilizer and electricity.Everyoneshouldhavesocialresponsibilityandcareabouttheenvironment.Forexample,thepublicmustberesponsibleforthecleanlinessoftheditchinfrontofhishouse.Infact,itisnoteasytogetpeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownwaste.Whenitcomestodisposingof

garbage, ittakesaspecialtimetothinkaboutwhatkindofgarbagethatwillbedisposedof.Theprocessofchangeisnotatrivialforsomepeople.Imagineifinonedayapersonhastoputthegarbageintothetrashtentimes, then asmany as ten times the person should be pensive for amoment in front of the dumpster todeterminewhatkindofgarbagehewilldisposeof.Thisfactbringsanewwaytosolvethegarbagedisposalproblem.

2. RegulationsfromtheGovernmentofIndonesia

To control the garbage, it is necessary to establish regulations concerning the obligation of independentgarbage management by the community. Behavior of littering is still the bad habit of most people inIndonesia,notonlythepoorbutalsotherich,notonlytheuneducatedandevenmanyeducatedpeoplestillhave litteringbehavior. Thereforeall regulationsandpoliciesmadeconcerninggarbage, shouldnotonlybedirectedmerelytotheavailabilityoftherulesofgarbageandthenbecompleted,themostimportantishowtoenforcetherulesforthosewhoviolatethem.Furthermore,howtheregulationsongarbagewillbeabletochange people's thinking to have different perspective on garbage. Thosewho produce garbage should beresponsiblefordisposingoftheirowngarbageinitsplace.It ishopedthatthissimplethinkingwillbringbigchangestotheproblemofgarbagemanagementinIndonesia.

GarbageprocessingshouldbedonebytheGovernment,nottheprivatesector.TheIndonesiangovernmentmust have laws governing garbage processing. Improving garbagemanagement capabilities is one of themost effective ways to streng then overall governance. This regulation is vital for garbage management.becauseifthereisnogreatregulationgarbagemanagementwillnotworkproperly.Theoverallregulationisregulatedby the central government,while the technical nature is regulatedby the local government. TheregulationsthathavebeenappliedinJapaninclude:

a. ClearGarbageDumpsScheduleThe garbage disposal schedule must be made by the Government and each region has a differentschedulesoitwillnotcrash.Thisscheduleisveryimportantbecauseitbecomesoneofthebenchmarksindisposingofgarbage.Donotgetthewrongdaybecauseitwillnotbetransported.Forexample,Mondayis the schedule to remove the garbage that can be burned. If disposing other types such as plasticgarbage,thentheofficerwillnottransportit.

b. DistributionofDetailedGarbageTypeThedistributionofthetypeofgarbageisexplainedtogetherwiththetimetableofdisposingofgarbagewith a very detailed division. Garbage is divided into household garbage that can be burned, plastic,newspaper,paper,bottle,glass,ironandnon-combustiblemixture.Certaintypesofgarbageischarged.

c. LocationofTrashCanThelocationofthegarbageisalsoarrangedperarea.ForexampleareaAplacetodisposeofgarbageinB,areaCplacedumpinDandsoon.Cannotbecareless.Itisstrictlyforbiddentodisposeofthegarbageinitsplace,suchasroadside,riveroremptyplace.

d. DifferentColorofTrashPlasticBagsEachregionpublishesplasticbagsofdifferentcolorsandwrittenregionalnames.Householdgarbagethatcan be burned is in green plastic bags, red for plastic garbage and yellow for paper. Plastic bags in aperson's residenceareaonlyapply in thearea. Ifdumped inotherareaswillnotbetransportedby theofficers.

TheroleofvariouspartiesinwastemanagementdeterminesthesuccessofgarbagemanagementinIndonesiathroughGomiZeroMovementorNon-TrashMovement,suchas:

1. TheRoleofEducationalInstitutionsTheroleofeducationalinstitutionsingarbagemanagementisveryimportant.Onefunctionofeducational

institutionsintermsofgarbagemanagementistoawakentheyoungergenerationaboutethics,harmandbadeffects of garbage through the education path from an early age.One of the interesting things is not onlyteaches the theory but also actively participate directly bymobilizing all students to clean up the garbageinside the school environmentand surroundingareas.Notonly in kindergartenandelementary school, the"gomizero"or"nogarbage"programamongeducationalinstitutionsisalsodoneintheuniversitylevelinthesamewayasprimaryschoolchildren,iecleaninguptheenvironmentwithinthecampusandbeyond.

2. TheRoleoftheCompany

The role of the company is also very large both in garbage management within the company andsurroundingenvironment.Garbage insidethecompany isverystrictlyregulated in itsseparationprocess. Incertaincircumstances,forexample,relatedtospecialtypeofgarbage,thecompanycooperateswithspecialwastemanagementcompany.Thecompanyalsodoesnotmissaroleinenvironmentalmaintenancethroughthegomizeroprogramonaregularbasis.Ifthereisagomizeroprogram,allemployeesshouldparticipatenoexception. Sodonotbe surprised ifwe seepeoplewhodressneatly in suits and tieswandering the streetpickinguptrash.Gomizeroactivityisimmortalizedandthenpastedonthebulletinboardsothespiritofgomizeroneverfade.

3. TheRoleofSociety

Awareness of hygiene and garbage management from neighborhoods, stations, highways andenvironments, parks, watersheds to urban centers is important to be socialized. Without communityparticipationanyplannedgarbagemanagementprogramwillbeinvain.Oneapproachofthecommunitytobeabletohelpthegovernmentprogramin itssuccess is tofamiliarizethecommunitywiththeappropriatebehaviorwiththewasteprogramthatischangingthesociety'sperceptionoftheorderly,fluentanduniformwastemanagement,changingthesociety'shabitinthegarbagemanagementwhichisnotgoodandthesocialfactors,localstructuresandcultures.

GarbagemanagementsystemtobuildpublicawarenessinIndonesiainmanaginggarbageproperly

1. GarbageSeparation

GarbageseparationstartsfromthetimeofexitfromthehousetoreducetheburdenofFinalDisposal(TPA).Thegovernmentshouldconsistentlyexplaintothepublictheimportanceofsortingwasteoutofthekitchen.Until finallypeoplealwayssortoutthegarbagefromthekitchenand implanted it tochildrenfromanearlyage.

Inprinciple,asinJapan,garbageisdividedinto4(four)types:a. Burntgarbage(Conbustible)b. Garbagethatisnotburned(NonConbustible)c. Recycledwaste(Recycle)d. Largesizegarbage

Thecommunitymustraiseawarenessabouthowtodisposeofgarbage,andsortingoutthegarbage,makingiteasiertoprocessit.Forexample,themovementadoptedinJapan,the3RMovement:

a. Reduce- Reduceistoreduceeverythingthatcausesthegarbage.- Reducethroughaction:• Avoidtheuseandpurchaseofproductsthatgeneratelargeamountsofgarbage.• Userechargeableproducts,suchasuseofwashingareasusingrefillablecontainers.• Reducetheuseofdisposablematerials,suchastheuseoftissuecanbereduced,replaceitwitha

napkinorhandkerchief. b. Reuse

- Reuseiedirectwastereuse,bothforthesamefunctionandotherfunctions.- Reusethroughaction:• Reuse container / packaging for the same function or other functions, such as the use of used

bottlesforcookingoilcontainersfromhomeindustrycoconutoilorcontainersforbeehoney.• Usecontainersorpocketsthatcanbeusedoverandoveragainforexample,containersforbasic

necessitiesmadeofdurablematerials,whichcanbeusedforalongtime.

c. Recycle- Recyclethatisre-useofgarbage.- Recyclethroughaction:• Selectrecyclableorrecyclableproductsorpackaging.• Perform the use of organic waste into compost in various ways that already exist or utilize

accordingtotheirowncreativity.

2. Collection,FreightandWasteProcessingFacilityorTPA(FinalDisposalSite)

In the caseof preparing largeplastic bagswithdifferent colors to accommodate thegarbage after thesortingprocessneedstobedone.Asanillustration,householdgarbagethatcanbeburntisputgreenplasticbags,redforplasticgarbageandyellowforpaper.

Transportationistheactivityoftransportinggarbagecollectedatatemporaryshelterorfromagarbagedisposal site toa landfill.Thesuccessofgarbagehandlingalsodependsonthe transportationsystembeingapplied.Theidealgarbagetransportiswithacertaincontainertruckequippedwithpresses.

The Government of Indonesia should have a modern waste treatment facility as it is owned by theGovernmentofJapan.

The garbage processing facility located in Japan is known as Kurin Senta or Clean Center. Garbage inIndonesiaweare familiarwith the termFinalDisposalorTPA forgarbageprocessing.But therearestrikingdifferences between landfill in Indonesia and in Japan. TPA in Indonesia is synonymous with garbage thatamountstomountandsmellsreallybad.WhileinJapanwhatiscalledasTPAshapeslikeofficebuildingsthathaveatower.Thesurroundingenvironmentalsowillnotprotestbecauseitdoesnotemitodor.Becausethegarbagecollectedisprocessedaccordingtothetypeofgarbage.Forhouseholdgarbageisburnedwhileothertypesofgarbagearerecycledforotherproducts. Itmaybesaidthatnothing is leftbecauseall isprocessedfurther.

Hereisanillustrationofthegarbagecollectionprocesstotheprocessingfacilities:

3. Recycling/WasteUtilization

Theprocessofretrievingitemsthatstillhavevaluefromthewasteforreuseisreferredtoasrecycling.Examplesofrecyclingactivitiesinclude:• Reuseofwastepaperthatcanbeusedprimarilyforexternalpurposes.• Plasticusedtobeprocessedbackasplasticoretobeusedasavarietyofhouseholdappliancessuchas

bucketsetc..• Usedelectronicappliancesareseparatedfromeachbuildingcomponent(metal,plastic/cable,batteryetc.)

andsortingforeachreusablecomponent.• Glassbottlesareseparatedbyglasscolor(white,greenanddark)anddestroyed.

Therecyclingprocesscanbemanagedbytherelevantproductcompanies,andothercompaniesorsimilarfoundations toproducenewproductsorby changing thebehaviorof communities ingarbagemanagement,fromdisposingofgarbageintousefulwaste,byincreasingcommunityknowledgeingarbagemanagementandenvironmentalhygiene.

MOVEMENT:OPENDUMPING,NOWAY

Open dumpingmethod is a garbage processing system by simply dumping / stockpiling garbage in a placewithout any special treatment or processing system correct, so open dumping system causing disruption ofenvironmentalpollution.

LandfillconditionsinIndonesiaarecurrentlyusingopendumpingtechniques,wherethegarbageisonlyputincertainplaces,untilexceededthecapacity,whichispotentiallycausedisruptiontotheenvironment.

If Indonesia still applies themethod, then thegarbageproblem in Indonesiawillneverbe resolved.Afteravisit to Shin-Koto Incenaration Plantwhich is amodernwaste treatment facilities in Japan.We can learnmanythingsthere,IndonesiashouldimitatewhathasbeendonebyJapanintermsofgarbagemanagement.

Source Collection

Transportation

ProcessingFacilities

CollectionofPhotosinJapan(Self-image)

Here is a photo as a real example of garbage management in Japan, in the Travel Bus that drove useverywhere white plastic bags are always provided in front of our seats to accommodate garbage of the buspassengers,thenwetakethegarbage(nottobeleftonthebus)tothrowitintothetrashcanlater.

WhenwetraveltoUenoPark,wefindanothersideofJapan,whereonthesidewalkstherearecollectionsofhomeless fixtures in Japanwrapped and arranged neatly, orderly and clean (uncluttered), where the homelessthemselvesworkelsewhere.ThisshowsthebehaviorofJapanesesocietythathasreflectedthattheneat,orderlyandcleanlifeofthegarbagehasbeeninherentinalllevelsofsociety.Herearethepictures:

Here are the photos taken when visiting Shin-Koto Incenaration Plant :

And here's a picture of the end result of burning garbage in Japan :

Photo when in one room Shin-Koto Incenaration Plant (given explanation of garbage management process in Japan) :

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