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Using the LMP92066 Evaluation Module User's Guide Literature Number: SNAU153 MARCH 2014

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Page 1: DOING BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA Labor Part 2 …/media/files/insights/...Labor – Part 2 Major Provisions of Employment Handbook 1 Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP General (全般的問題)

44 Offices in 21 Countries

労働法 その2-就業規則の主要条文

下田 範幸 (日本およびカリフォルニア州弁護士) Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP (San Francisco Office) パートナー Phone: (415) 393-9894 Email: [email protected] September 17, 2014 at San Francisco Office October 15, 2014 at Palo Alto Office

DOING BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA Labor – Part 2 Major Provisions of Employment Handbook

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General (全般的問題)

• Is a company required to adopt an Employment Handbook? (就業規則を採用する義務があるか?)

• What is a legal characteristics of an Employment Handbook?(就業規則の法的性格は?) Contract?(契約か?) Is a company required to comply?(会社は遵守する義務があるか?) Can the company change provisions of its Employment Handbook to

the employees’ disadvantage unilaterally? (会社側が一方的に従業員側に不利に変更できるのか ?)

• Two kinds of provisions (2種類の条項) Provisions mirroring statutory, constitutional, common law and/or

regulatory requirements which may not be changed to employees’ disadvantage. (強行法規である法律上の義務の確認規定の場合は従業員に不利に変更して採用することはできない。)

Provisions created or adopted by a company which may be changed or eliminated. (会社の任意の制度規定の場合は、変更することも削除することも可能)

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Specific Major Issues (個別重要条項)

• Specific Major Provisions of an Employment Handbook “At Will” provisions (アットウイル条項) Sexual harassment policy (セクハラポリシー) Introductory period (導入期間、試用期間) Exempt/non-exempt employees (エグゼンプト・非エグゼンプト) Overtime payment (残業代) Meal Periods and Paid Rest Breaks(食事時間と有給休憩時間) Paid vacation (有給休暇) Sick leave (病気休暇) Paid Holidays (有給祭日) Disability and family care related policies (障害、家族介護関

係休暇) Use of company property including electronic communication

systems (コンピューターなど会社資産の使用) Social Media Policy(ソーシャルメディアポリシー) “Bring Your Own Device” policy(自己デバイスポリシー)

References (身元照会)

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“At Will” Provision (アットウイル条項)

• Importance of “At Will” provision (アットウイル条項の重要性) Employee’s employment with Company is voluntarily

entered into and employees are free to resign at any time with or without notice or reason. Similarly, Company is free to end any employment relationship at any time, with or without notice or reason. (雇用関

係は任意に基づく契約関係であり、どちらからもいつでも理由

なしに終了させることが出来る関係である。)

• Be careful not to adopt progressive discipline system (段階的懲戒処分制度は採用しないこと)

• Be careful not to require prior notice for resignation (辞職の事前通知を義務付けないこと)

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Sexual Harassment Policy(セクハラポリシー)

• In CA, a company needs either to distribute anti-sexual harassment information sheet published by Department of Fair Employment and Housing(DFEH) or adopt a written sexual harassment policy with a complaint procedure and other required information such as definition of harassment and examples of harassment. (カリフォルニアでは、 不服申し立て制度やハラスメントの定義や具体例などを記載した、DFEH作成の反セクハラパンフレットを配布

するか、反セクハラポリシーを書面で採用して従業員に配布しなければならない。)

• Sexual harassment provisions in the Employee Handbook may satisfy the requirement if they contain all the requisite terms and elements.(就業規則に反セクハラポリシー条項を入れれば上記の要件を満たすことができる。)

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Sexual Harassment Policy(セクハラポリシー)

• This policy does not eliminate the obligation of CA employers with over 50 employees to provide 2 hours of sexual harassment prevention training which are required once every two years under AB 1825 to California supervisors and managers.(このポリシーを採

用しても、50人以上の従業員を持つ会社に課されるスーパーバイザーの地位にある従業員に2年に一度のセクハラ防止トレーニングを行う義務はなくならない。)

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Introductory Period (導入期間・試用期間)

• Part of Typical Introductory Period Provision example(典型的な条文例): All newly hired employees are subject to a 90-day

introductory period (“Introductory Period”) designed to allow the employee an appropriate amount of time for orientation and training to perform satisfactorily the requirements of the position. The Introductory Period may be extended if Company deems such extension necessary or appropriate. (すべての新入社員は、オリエンテーション、トレーニングのために、90日間の導入期間の対象となる。会社の判断で導入期間を延長することができる。)

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Introductory Period (導入期間・試用期間)

• What is the purpose of Introductory period? (目的は何か?)

• Is a termination standard different before and after the introductory period? (解雇基準は導入期間の前後で異なるか?) Legally No-Relationship between the introductory

period and at will employment (法律上異ならないー

導入期間とアットウイル雇用の関係) But, practically easier to terminate during the

introductory period (ただ、実務的には導入期間中の解

雇はしやすい)

• Needs to use the introductory period consistently (導入期間の使用に一貫性を持つべき)

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Exempt/Non-Exempt (エグゼンプトと非エグゼンプト)

• Exempt/Non-Exempt Non-exempt workers are entitled to

overtime payment or payment at least twice per month. (非エグゼンプト従業員は、残業代が受け

られ、少なくとも月に2回の給料を受領する権利が認め

られている)

Non-exempt employees are also entitled to be provided meal and paid rest breaks (later explained). (非エグゼンプト従業員には、後

に説明する食事時間と有給休憩時間の権利が与えられ

る。)

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Exempt/Non-Exempt (エグゼンプトと非エグゼンプト)

• Be careful not to misclassify exempt or non-exempt employees as failure to do so may subject the employer to penalties.(ミスクラシフィケーションは重大なペナルティをもたらす可能性がある。)

• Be careful not to destroy exempt status of exempt employees (エグゼンプトの地位を破壊しないように注意) Do not reduce salary for partial day absence (一日のう

ちの部分的な休暇に対して減給をしないこと) Employers may deduct for absences of a day or more

for personal reasons (一日単位の休暇に対しては減給も許される。)

Do not require time recordation (勤務時間の記録を義務付けないこと。)

Destroying exempt status of some or even one exempt employee may destroy exempt status of all other exempt employees (一部のエグゼンプトの地位を破壊することによって、他の全エグゼンプトの地位を破壊してしまうリスクがある。)

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Exempt/Non-Exempt (エグゼンプトと非エグゼンプト)

• Who are exempt employees? (どのような従業員がエグゼンプトか?) Agreement or job title does not control.(契約

上の合意や、職名では決定されない。) Two Requirements(二つの基準)

– 1. Minimum Salary (最低賃金基準) - $3120 per month ($37,440 per year) generally. in CA. $455 a week which is $23,660 per year – Federal.(CAでは月給$3120、年収$37,440以上、連邦基準では、週給$455 、年収$23,660以上) » $40.38 per hour or $7,010.88 per month for

computer professional in CA (CAでは、さらにコンピュータプロフェッショナルについては、時給$40,38、月給$7,010.88以上であること)

» Not applicable to outside salespersons (外回りセールスパーソンには、賃金基準の適用はない)

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Exempt/Non-Exempt (エグゼンプトと非エグゼンプト)

• Who are exempt employees? (どのような従業員がエグゼンプトか?) Two Requirements(二つの基準)

– 2.Exempt duties (エグゼンプトの仕事内容) » Executive (エグゼクティブ) » Administrative (アドミニマネージャー) » Professional (専門職) » Computer Professionals (コンピュータ専門職

) » Salespersons ー outside and inside(セール

スパーソンー外回りと店内販売担当) – Each category has a detailed definition (それ

ぞれのカテゴリーについては詳細な定義がある) – An employer should make sure to comply

with accurate classification(会社は正確な区別に気をつけなければならない。)

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Overtime Payment (残業代)

• Who is entitled to overtime payment? (どの従業

員が残業代を受け取れるか?) Non-exempt employees (非エグゼンプト従業員)

• If entitled to overtime payment, time recordation is required. (残業代を支払う対象の従業員

には勤務時間の記録をとる必要がある。) Use of a time card (タイムカードの利用)

– Which will control if there is dispute and difference between time recorded in a time card and time alleged as time actually worked (タイム

カードの記載と実際の勤務時間が違うと争われた場合、タイムカードに記載された時間が計算基準になる)

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Overtime Payment (残業代) • Overtime Payment Rules In CA(CAでの残業代ルール)

– Employer is required to pay 1.5 times the regular wage rate for hours worked in excess of eight (8) hours and up to twelve (12) hours a day and in excess of 40 hours a workweek (一日8時間以上12時間以内か、週40時間以上働いた時間は1.5倍)

– Employer is required to pay 1.5 times for the first eight (8) hours on the seventh consecutive day of work in a workweek and double time for hours worked in excess of 12 hours in workday or in excess eight (8) hours on the seventh consecutive day (その会社の勤務週を単位にして連続7日間働く場合は、7日目の日の最初の8時間は1.5倍、それを越えたら2倍、および一日24時間のうちに12時間以上働いたらその分は2倍)

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Overtime Payment (残業代)

• Overtime Payment Rules Federal Rule (連邦基準) Employer is required to pay 1.5 times the

regular wage rate for hours worked in excess 40 hours a workweek (一週間40時間以上働いたら、40時間を越えた時間は1.5倍)

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Overtime Payment (残業代)

• What is the base wage for overtime calculation?(残業代計算の基準数字は?) An employee’s regular rate of pay shall be deemed

to include all remuneration for employment paid to the employee. (従業員に支払われるすべての給与を基準に入れる必要がある。) – Be careful about bonus for non-exempt

employees(非エグゼンプト従業員へのボーナスに注意)

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Overtime Payment (残業代)

• What is the base wage for overtime calculation?(残業代計算の基準数字は?) Certain payments are excluded from determining the

employee’s regular rate of pay, such as (以下の金額は算定に入れなくてもよい。) – “Sums paid in recognition of services performed

during a given period if either, both the fact that payment is to be made and the amount of the payment are determined at the sole discretion of the employer at or near the end of the period and not pursuant to any prior contract (事前の契約に基づかない、一定の期間の最後のころに支払われる会社の完全裁量に基づく特別一時支払い金), and

– “Extra compensation provided by a premium rate paid for certain overtime or extra hours worked by the employee if more than one and half of the regular pay is paid.(残業代などで支払われる通常レートの1.5倍以上の給与が払われる場合)

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Overtime Payment(残業代)

• Calculation of Regular Rate of Pay from annual salary(年収からの残業代の基準時給の計算) The regular rate of pay for salaried workers should be

calculated as follows: – Divide an annual pay by 52 (weeks) = weekly

remuneration. (年収額を52で割って週給額を算出し) – Divide the weekly remuneration by the number of

regular hours (usually 40)(通常、週給額を40で割る。) – = regular hourly rate.(時間給が算出される) – CAUTION: if an employee is non-exempt, do not treat

as exempt or “salaried,” employees must be notified of their hourly rate at hire.(注意ー非エグゼンプト従業員を

雇う際には、最初の段階で、時間給を通知する必要がある。)ーNotice Requirement under Wage Theft Protection Act of 2011 (2011年給与窃盗防止法という

法律に基づく通知義務)

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Meal Periods and Paid Rest Breaks (食事時間と有給休憩時間)

• After the 2012 case of Brinker Restaurant Corporation, employers in CA should have a written handbook policy regarding meal/rest break which is consistent with the case laws. (2012年のBrinker裁判に基づいて、CAの雇用者は判例に沿った食事時間と休暇時間のルールを就業規則に記載すべき。)

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Meal Periods and Paid Rest Breaks (食事時間と有給休憩時間)

• Meal Periods (食事時間) • Each non-exempt employee who works more than five

(5) hours in any workday, needs to be provided a thirty (30) minute unpaid duty-free meal period(非エグゼンプト従業員は、1勤務日に5時間以上働く場合には、有給ではない30分の仕事から自由になれる食事時間を与えられなければならない。)

• An employee and the Company can agree in writing that the meal period may be waived (従業員と会社の書面による合意があれば、食事時間をなしにすることも可能)

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Meal Periods and Paid Rest Breaks (食事時間と有給休憩時間)

• Meal Periods (食事時間) • An employee needs to be provided a second unpaid

duty free meal period of thirty (30) minutes whenever the employee works for a period of more than ten (10) hours in any workday.(従業員が一勤務日に10時間以上働く場合には、2回目の30分の食事時間が与えられなければならない。)

• An employer needs to relieve its employees of all duty and permits them a reasonable opportunity to take an uninterrupted 30 minutes break, but, does not have to police breaks to ensure work is not performed. ( 雇用者は、従業員を勤務の義務から解いて中断されない30分間食事休暇をとる合理的な機会を与えればよく、仕事をしないように監視をする必要はない。)

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Meal Periods and Paid Rest Breaks (食事時間と有給休憩時間)

• Paid Rest Breaks (有給休憩時間) • If an employee is scheduled to work for more than three

and one-half hours, the employee is provided at least a ten (10) minute paid rest period as close as practicable to the mid-point of any continuous four (4) hour work period.(従業員が3時間半以上働く場合には、以下の表に沿って、4時間ごとにその真中前後の時間に10分の休憩時間を与える必要がある。)

Number of hours worked Number of rest breaks Less than 3.5 hours 0

More than 3.5 to 6 1

More than 6 to 10 2

More than 10 to 14 3

More than 14 to 18 4

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Meal Periods and Paid Rest Breaks (食事時間と有給休憩時間)

• Paid Rest Breaks (有給休憩時間) • Employers are subject to a duty to make a good faith

effort to authorize and permit rest breaks in the middle of each work period, but, may deviate from that preferred course where practical considerations render it infeasible.(雇用者は、それぞれの4時間の勤務時間の真中くらいに休暇を与えるように誠意のある努力をする必要があるが、勤務の実態にそってそれが実現困難であれば、ある程度ルールから離れることも可能)

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Paid Vacation (有給休暇)

• It is not a legal requirement, but, standard to provide some number of paid vacation. (有給休

暇は法律上の義務ではないがスタンダード)

• Difference in basic concept of paid vacation between Japan and US (日米の、有給休暇の基本的

考え方の違い)

• Vacation time is what employees need to earn by actually working, and not what is granted at the beginning of each year (有給休暇は従業員が

実際に働くことによって稼ぐものであって、年の初めに与えられるものではない)

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Paid Vacation (有給休暇)

• Can’t take away after accruing (いったん発生した

ら奪うことは出来ない。)

• Need to pay upon resignation or termination of employees (退職時、解雇時には買い取る必要)

• Cap system (上限制度)

• System for Company to buy paid vacation (買い取り制度)

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Paid Sick Leave (有給病気休暇)

• It is not a legal requirement, but, standard to provide some number of paid sick leave. (有給

病気休暇は法律上の義務ではないがスタンダード)

• No need to pay for sick leave when termination (解雇や退職時に買い取る必要はない。)

• In California, need to allow employees to use half of sick leave for his/her family illness (CAでは、半分は家族のための使用を認める必要がある。)

• In San Francisco Paid Sick Leave is required by ordinance. (サンフランシスコでは条例によっ

て一定の病気休暇を与えることが義務付けられている。)

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Paid Sick Leave (有給病気休暇)

• San Francisco Paid Sick Leave Ordinance(サンフランシスコ条例)

Full-time, part-time and temporary employees will begin to accrue Paid Sick Leave 90 calendar days after the employee’s first day of work at the rate of one hour of Paid Sick Leave for each 30 hours worked. (90 日勤務した全従業員に30時間働くごとに1時間の有給病気休暇が与えられる。)

The maximum amount of Paid Sick Leave that an employee may accrue is 40 hours for an employer with less than 10 employees and 72 hours for an employer with over 10 employees. (上限は、10人以下の従業員を持つ会社で40時間、10人以上の従業員を持つ会社で72時間)

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Paid Holidays (有給祭日) • Company does not need to adopt all the national

holidays. (全祭日を認める必要はない。) • Examples of typical holidays observed by companies(一

般的に有給が認められる祭日の例): New Years Day January 1 Martin Luther King Jr. Day Third Monday in Jan. Presidents Day Third Monday in Feb. Memorial Day Last Monday in May Independence Day July 4 Labor Day First Monday in Sept. Thanksgiving Day Fourth Thursday in Nov. Day after Thanksgiving Day Christmas Day December 25

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Disability and Family Care Related Policies(障害、家族介護関係休暇制度)

• General rule regarding disability (障害に関する一般論) Discrimination issue (差別問題) Company needs to provide a reasonable

accommodation to employees with disability.(障害のある従業員には合理的な配慮措置を与える義務がある。)

An employee may be terminated if accommodation required for the employee imposes undue hardship to the company under the circumstances.(もし、その配慮措置がその会社にとって過大な負担になる場合は解雇が許される。)

Even if an employee uses up all the disability leave under the company policy or applicable statutes, it does not necessarily mean that the company may terminate the employee – an additional leave might be a reasonable accommodation in some cases. (制度上認められる休暇を最大限とらせたら、当然解雇が許されるわけではない。)

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Disability and Family Care Related Policies(障害、家族介護関係休暇制度)

• For an employer with 50 or more employees (50人以上の従業員を持つ会社)

• Need to provide a Pregnancy Disability Leave (PDL) (17 1/3 workweeks approx. 4 mos) policy.(CA州法上、4ヶ月間までの妊娠障害休暇を与える制度を持つ必要がある。)

• Need to provide a Family and Medical Leave (FMLA)/California Family Rights Act (CFRA) policy (12 weeks) also (連邦法、およびCA州法上、12週間までの家族介護休暇を与える制度を持つ必要がある。)

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Disability and Family Care Related Policies(障害、家族介護関係休暇制度)

• For an employer with 5 or more employees, but fewer than 50 employees (50人以下5人以上の従業員を持つ会社) Must provide Pregnancy Disability Leave (PDL) (17 1/3 workweeks) and Reasonable Accommodation

or Transfer.(4ヶ月の妊娠障害休暇) May also need to offer leave for employees with non-

pregnancy related disabilities consistent with reasonable accommodation requirements under Fair Employment and Housing Act(FEHA).(妊娠とは関係のない理由で障害を受けた従業員に対しても、FEHAの要件に沿った合理的な配慮としての休暇を与える必要がある。)

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Use of Company Property(会社資産の使用)

• Should have a provision which explicitly prohibits the improper use of company‘s electronic equipment, including e-mail, voicemail and computer system, and which clearly provides for company’s authority to access such systems at all times (インターネットなどの会社のコンピューターの使用について規制し、会社がいつでも従業員のコンピューターにアクセスすることが出来ることを規定する必要がある。)

• Be careful in checking employees’ computer even with appropriate policy – privacy issue (ただし、会社はそのような規定があるとしても自由に従業員のコンピューターをチェックしてもよいわけではない。プライバシーの権利に注意する必要がある。)

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Social Media Policy(ソーシャルメディアポリシー)

• Points of Social Media Policy(ソーシャルメディアポリシーのポイント): (a) General Use of Social Media(一般的注意事項)

– Caution employees of possible risk to be created by the use of social media such as violation of confidentiality obligation, infringement of Company’s or third parties’ IP right such as copyright, defamation, and harassment.(ソーシャルメディアによる活動によって、秘密保持義務違反、会社や第三者の知的財産権の侵害、名誉毀損、ハラスメントが行われ得るリスクがあることに注意を促す。)

(b) Work-Related Use of Social(会社の仕事関係で使う場合の注意事項) – Make sure all social media activities conducted for or on behalf of Company

comply with Company’s policy and management’s direction and instruction. (会社の仕事上ソーシャルメディアを使用する場合には厳密に会社のポリシーと上司の指導に従うことを明記)

(c) Personal Use of Social Media(プライベートな使用について) – Make sure personal social media activities shall only be done during

personal time without use of Company’s resources and remind employees that they should not identify or disclose an association with Company if such activities are inconsistent with or would negatively impact Company’s business or .reputation.(プライベートな使用は会社の勤務時間外に会社の機器を使用しないで行うこと、会社の評判を落とす可能性のあるような活動をする場合には、会社との関係を公表しないことを明記)

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Social Media Policy(ソーシャルメディアポリシー)

• California’s “Employer Use of Social Media” law prohibits employers from requesting or requiring that applicants or employees(CA法は雇用者が以下のことを従業員に要求することを禁止している): (a) disclose social media log-in credentials(ソーシャルメディアのログイン認証を開示させること);

(b) access personal social media in the employer‘s presence, i.e., allow the employer to “shoulder surf;(雇用者の前でソーシャルメディアにアクセスさせて、それを雇用者がみること)" or

(c) “[d]ivulge any personal social media content.(ソーシャルメディアで手に入れたデータを提供させること)ex. barring an employer from asking an employee to provide the personal social media content of a co-worker who is a Facebook friend. (たとえば、雇用者が従業員に他の従業員のFacebookに乗っていた個人情報を提供させることなどは禁止される)

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Social Media Policy(ソーシャルメディアポリシー)

• There is one exception to the law that permits employers to ask an employee to divulge personal social media content that the employer “reasonably believe[s] to be relevant to an investigation of allegations of employee misconduct or employee violation of applicable laws and regulations.” (従業員にソーシャルメディアで手に入れた情報を提供させることが許される例外は、従業員による違法行為、規則違反などの申し立ての調査のために合理的に関係があると判断する場合)

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“Bring Your Own Device” policy(自己ディバイスポリシー)

• “Bring Your Own Device” policy should be adopted if the employer allows employees to use their own smart phones, laptops, tablets to access company systems.(会社が従業員自身のスマートフォンなどで会社のシステムにアクセスをすることを許す場合には、そのためのBYODポリシーを採用するべき)

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“Bring Your Own Device” policy(自己ディバイスポリシー)

• The points of BYOD Policy(BYODポリシーのポイント) What devices are permitted.(どのディバイスについて認めるか)

What Company can do for security.(セキュリティのためにそのディバイスに対して会社ができること)

What services are provided by Company’s IT department(導入時およびメインテナンスのために会社のIT部門がどこまでサービスを提供するか)

Who owns what applications and data in the device.(ディバイスの中のアプリやデータを誰が所有するか)

What applications are allowed or banned.(どのアプリを使えるか、禁止するか)

What use of device are acceptable.(どのような使用を許すか)

What will or can be done at resignation or termination. (退職時に、ディバイスに対して何ができるか)

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References (身元照会)

• Should have a provision to provide that only human resource manager should provide such information. (人事担当マネージャーだけがそのような照会に答えるとの条文を持つべき)

• Disclosure of former employees’ information should be limited to employment period, position and wage with the employee’s authorization.(開示すべき情報は、元従業員の許可の下、勤務期間、ポジション、給与額に限定すべき)

• Should not disclose reason for termination or others. (解雇の理由などは開示してはならない。)

• Risk of litigation from both on the former employee and the new employer. (会社は、元従業員からも、その元従業員を雇用する新会社からも裁判を起こされるリスクがある。)

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Worldwide Locations

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• Northern Virginia • Palo Alto • Phoenix • San Francisco • Tampa • Washington DC • West Palm Beach

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44 Offices in 21 Countries

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