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Precipitation & Humidity Temperature Wind Soil Forest Tundra Savanna Woodlands Grassland Deserts Arabian Shield Arabian Shelf
. . 1( Precipitation & Humidity1
. 005 ) 2241( . . . . 03 06 . . 03 . 06 . . 08-09% 05% . . . )( . . . 1- 2- 3- 4-
. ) ( . : 1- . 2- . 3- .
2
. : 1- . 2- . . ) (. . 3- .
)(: 3
2( Temperature . . 54 54 . . . 05 ) (
1-3 01 . 05 . . . 3 :- 1-4
5 . 2- . 3-
45 . ) (. .
) (: . . . . : 1- ) (. . 2-
5
) ( . ) ( . 63 ) (.
) ( . . . . . . . )3.0 ( 42 4 . : 1- . 2-
6
. . . . 3( Wind . . , . Orchid Heather 200.0 . . . . . )( . . . ) (Soil erosion . : 1- ) (
7
) (: . 2- . 3- . 4- )(barriers )1-6( 03-05% ) ( .
)(: . . 4( Soil . . )(Soil texture )(Soil structure .8
)( )(Soil texture ) (Sand ) (Silt )(Clay . 200.0 200.0-50.0 50.0-2 . ) (International system : Fraction Gravel Coarse sand Fine sand Silt Clay ) ( ) Diameter of particles( mm 2 2 2.0 2.0 20.0 20.0 200.0 200.0
. . ) ( . ) ( . .
9
) ( )(Soil structure-
)( . ) (Granular ) (Platy ) (Blocky ) (Prismatic ) ( ) (
. . Soil color-
. . A . 01
. . . : )(pH1-
pH 4-8 . pH 3.7- 5.9) ( .Barbur et al . pH 8.2-9.3. pH . ) (+H . pH . pH .pH pH ) ( . .pH pH 5.6-5.7 . ) ( pH pH . ) ( pH . ) ( . ) ( pH .
11
) (: pH
2- )(Electric Conductivity) (EC . . . . : . 1. . 2. 3. . 4. Electric Conductivity Meter .
21
( (mhos / cm / 0001 / ) 01 3 ( mmhos / cm / ) 601 . ( mhos / cm / = / 01 ) ppm/( = / 046 = / 63.0. )(Cation Exchange Capacity)(CEC3-
05% . 2 ,+NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Fe . 24) NO3-, PO42-, SO (. ) (Organic matter . ) (Leached . .
)(: 4- Organic matter . pH . . . .
31
: - 1- 2- 4- 5- 6-
3-
- . : 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- Light . Photon . Quantum . . :- 1. . 2. ) ( . 3. .
41
. . 0008 00001 / 2,1-5,1 / / . . . . 1- . . . . . ) ( . . ) ( ) ( .
:Light 1 2% ) 57 08% 5 01% 1 2%(. 51
. : . . . . ) (. . ) (Epiderm . Quality Quantity Light Intensity .Duration - : Quality ) (. . . . : Photoperiodism . . - : 1 . = Lux 1 2 1 )390.0 1 ( 02 .
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6-
61
001 002 . 000.8 000.01 .
Light Saturation 000.5 000.01 . : 1- : 000.3 . 2- : . 001 002 Elilated . . Lactuca sativy Poa Liliaceae )(. - Duration . 21 52) 5.01 57.31 54) 8 61 42 : 1- :Neutral : . 2- :71
: 1- : : 2- : . . . . . . : . glucose
CO2 + H2O
O + esoculG
2
Respiration - = net assimilation Rate = Photosynthesis Respiration . . : Dark respiration Phto respiration . - 3 :C ) ( Phosphoglyceric acid - : ) .(Malic, Aspartic . - :CAM 2 CO 4 .C .
81
3 C 4 C 3C . . : - ) (. - . - . - . - . - . . . : Supplemental Illumination . : . Tungestens lamps Infrared . . Fluorescent 1 : 2 1 : 5 Phyto trones ) Growth chamber ( Computer . .Phyto trones
91