2003/6/21-22

Gaston Bachelards Science War, Or the French Exception to Snows Two Cultures

I

(Gaston Bachelard, 1884-1962)

(epistemological break)(new scientific spirit)

C. P. Snow

1

II

1

Steve Fuller(2000:344)STSBruno Latour(Georges Canguilhem)(Louis Althusser)(Michel Foucault)(Pierre Bourdieu)(Deleuze and Guattari 1987)(Lefebvre 1991)

1845

(The Althusserian Legacy)(Benton 1984; Kaplan and Sprinker 1993; Dews 1994)Dominique Lecourt(1974)

Michel Vade(1975:7-9)

(Canguilhem 1988) McAllester Jones (1991)

Institut dHistoire des Sciences et des Techniques Folie et draison 1961

1 (1938)Lautrmont (1939) (1942)(1943)(1948)(1957)(1960)

(1961)(1988)

2

(Eribon 1991:119) Etudes dhistoire et de philosophie des sciences (1994 [1968])2

(Canguilhem 1988) The Normal and the Pathological(1991)3

(J. Cavaills)(A. Koyr)

1968(Le Cercle dpismologie)

(Foucault 1998)

(Foucault 1972)

The Craft of Sociology: Epistemological Preliminaries 1968 1991

2 Claude Bernard(1813-1878) 3 Life: Experience and Science, Michel Foucault, the essential works 2 (1998)

3

C. P. Snow

Snow

Snow

Dits et crits

Ceci nest pas une pipe

(Mallarm)(McAllester Jones 1991:8-9)

4

4 A. Sokal and J. Bricment (1998) Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals Abuse of Science.

4

III

Gross & Levitt1994Social Text 1996 Alan Sokal

5

Social Text

C.P. Snow(M. Bunge at McGill)(S. Cole at U. Alberta) (R. Hubbard at Harvard) (R.C. Lewontin at Harvard) Michael Lynch(2001:53)

(Science)(Scientists) natural sciences(POMO)

Levitt (1998) Nanda (1998)

5 Lingua Franca (2000) Social TextRoss (1996)Koertge (1998)Labinger and Collins (2001)(2002)

5

Stanley Fish (1996/5/21)

(Scientists vs. Constructivists)Ian Hacking The Social Construction of What? (1999)

(Jean Bricmont) Impostures Intellectuelle (1997) Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals Abuse of Science(1998)(Lacan)(Kristeva), ( Irigaray)(Latour)(Baudrillard)(Deleuze & Guattari)(Virilio)

( If I dont understand it, it must be nonsense)

Ian Hacking (1999:3)

6

/

IV

Les faits sont faits: Facts are fabricated, as Gaston Bachelard would say. Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern (p.18)

According to Bachelard, scientists most closely approximate the ideal of homo faber we are all constructivists before we are anything else.

Steve Fuller, Thomas Kuhn (p.234)

Scientific objects are what we make them, neither more nor less. Gaston Bachelard, The Dialectic of Duration (p.77)

Ian Hacking(1999)

Alfred Schutz Peter Berger & Thomas Luckman (1966) The Social Construction of Reality(Ludwik Fleck)

7

Andrew PickeringHacking Fuller

(reality)

(Idealism)

(solipsism)(a city of physicists and mathematicians)

(Realism)(Empiricism)

(approximate knowledge)(irrational numbers)

8

3 1/73 10/71

(McAllester Jones 1991:19-20)

Mary Tiles(1984:129)

(scientific reality)

McAllester Jones(1991:19) (Heisenberg)(1927)

(phenomeno-techniques)

6(realize)(rectification)

V

Einstein destroyed the absoluteness of that which has duration [R]elativity brought the sudden ruin of everything to do with the external proof of one unique Duration, that fundamental principle ordering all events.

Gaston Bachelard, LIntuition de linstant

Duration is relative. [C]ontinuity is simply a hypothesis and a very bad hypothesis since a continuous change can never be experienced [T]he development of quantum physics will necessarily lead to the conception of

6 (Bachelard 1984:13)Latour & Woolger (1979) Laboratory Life(artificial reality)

9

discontinuous duration which will not have the linking properties illustrated by our intuitions of continuous trajectories.

Gaston Bachelard, The Dialectic of Duration

(epistemological obstacles)(pre-scientific mind)(interests of life)

Isabelle Stengers(2000:26-7)

Stengers

Stengers

Lecourt (1975:140)

(Young 1990:52)

vs.

10

(long dure)

(epistemes)

(discontinuities)

(Duration)

[1889] (Bergson 2001)(G.F.B.Riemann, 1826-1866)(multiplicity)

7

7 Deleuze(1991)

11

Extract in McAllester Jones (1991:33)

Extract in McAllester Jones (1991:35)

(causality)

(stroboscope )

(correspondence)

(Proust)Gilles Deleuze

12

(Bachelard 2000:77-8)

VI

Cogitamus ergo sum.

Bachelard 1984:3

realization

(second order realism) Phenomeno-technique

Cogito

(not-self)

(subject)(object)(project)

cogito cogitamus

cogitamus precedes cogito

13

(discursive)

8

(Glashow 1992:28)

VII

9

10

(Dilthey)

(scientific act)

8 Bachelard, La Rationalism appliqu (1949) Extract in McAllester Jones (1991:142-7)Alfred Schutz (1957) we-relationship The Problem of Transcendental Intersubjectivity in Husserl (Collected Papers III) 9 Max Scheler, (1924) Versuche zu einer Soziologie des Wissens, eng. trans., Problems of a Sociology of Knowledge, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980. 10 Karl Mannheim (1931) Wissenssoziologie, eng. trans as Part V in Ideology and Utopia, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1960.

14

(the given)

(artifacts)(caricatures)(scientific subject)(a sociology without scientific object)

(Bourdieu et. al. ed. 1991:48)

VIII

C. P. Snow

//

(Anglo-Saxon cultures)(Labinger & Collins 2001:3) Snow

Snow //

Snow

15

(multiplicity)(discontinuity)

(fashionable nonsense)

(Sokal and Bricmont 1998:7)

///

multiplicity discontinuity

Snow

16

2002 45 173-207

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influence. London: Macmillan. Berger, Peter L. and Luckmann, Thomas (1967) The Social Construction of Reality.

New York: Anchor Books. Bergson, Henri (2001) Time and Free Will. New York: Dover. Bourdieu, Pierre, Chamboredon, Jean-Cloude and Passeron, Jean-Claude (eds.) (1991)

The Craft of Sociology: Epistemological Preliminaries. Berlin: de Gruyter. Canguilhem, Georges (1988) Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life

Sciences. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Canguilhem, Georges (1994) Etudes dhistoire et de philosophie des sciences:

concernant les vivants et la vie. Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin. Deleuze, Gilles (1991) Bergsonism. New York: Zone Books. Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Felix (1987) A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and

Schizophrenia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Dews, Peter (1994) The Limits of Disenchantment: Essays on Contemporary

European Philosophy. London: Verso. Eribon, Didier (1991) Michel Foucault. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Foucault, Michel (1972) The Archeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon. Foucault, Michel (1991) Introduction to Georges Canguilhems, The Normal and the

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York: Penguin. Fuller, Steve (2000) Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History for Our Times. Chicago:

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Defense, ed. R. J. elvee. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. Hacking, Ian (1999) The Social Construction of What? Cambridge, MA: Harvard

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about Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Labinger, Jay A. and Collins, Harry (eds.) (2001) The One Culture? A Conversation about Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Latour, Bruno (1993) We Have Never Been Modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Latour, Bruno and Woolgar, Steve (1986) Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Lecourt, Dominique (1974) Bachelard ou le jour et la nuit. Paris: Grasset. Lecourt, Dominique (1975) Marxism and Epistemology: Bachelard, Canguilhem and

Foucault. London: New Left Books. Lefebvre, Henri (1991) The Production of Space, Translated by D. Nicholson-Smith.

Oxford: Blackwell. Levitt, Norman (1998) The End of Science, The Central Dogma of Science Studies,

in Koertge, N. (ed.) A House Built on Sand. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lingua Franca Editors (2000) The Sokal Hoax. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Lynch, Michael (2001) Is a Science Peace Process Necessary? in Labinger J.A. and

Collins, H. (eds.) The One Culture? Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Mannheim Karl (1960) Ideology and Utopia, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. McAllester Jones, Mary (1991) Gaston Bachelard, Subversive Humanist. Madison:

The University of Wisconsin Press. Nanda, Meera (1998) The Epistemic Charity of the Social Constructivist Critics of

Science and Why the Third World Should Refuse the Offer, in Koertge, N. (ed.) A House Built on Sand. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ross, Andrew (ed.) (1996) Science Wars. Durham: Duke University Press. Scheler, Max (1980) Problems of a Sociology of Knowledge. London: Routeledge and

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