Download - GRE Tactics

GRE Tactics Dnh nhiu thi gian cho CU D Khng nh hng bi p lc thnh tch Lm ht sc minh l THNH CNG

Written by: L Thnh Nam

Computer Science Department New York University [email protected]

Date: January 23rd, 2006

I. M U: GRE khng cn xa l vi cc bn c hoi bo du hc M. y l mt tiu ch quan trng khi xt tuyn vo cc trng i hc ti Hoa K. Hin nay VN, thng tin v k thi GRE c nhiu, ti liu luyn thi GRE cng rt phong ph. Cc bn bit phi hc t vng theo Wordlist Barron, luyn trong BigBook, hc tactics trong rt nhiu sch ca Princeton, Kapland hay Barron. Tuy nhin, c nhng vn cc bn mi hc GRE gp phi nhng kh tm li gii c trong cc gio trnh GRE quc t, nh: - Hc GRE trong thi gian bao lu l hp l? - Phng php hc GRE hiu qu vi ngi VN? - Tm l trong phng thi, cch phn b thi gian lm bi?

Ti liu ny ti ghi li nhng kinh nghim thi GRE ca mnh trong sut thi gian hc thi GRE vo thng 10/2004. Ti hc qua cc chng trnh luyn GRE CICTT - HBK H Ni, lp hc GRE EquestGroup, chng trnh luyn GRE ca Princeton dnh cho cc VEF fellows, cng nh dy GRE ti Equest vo 1/2005. y c nhng thng tin kh c o v cch hc thi GRE, mt s quy tc kinh nghim (hay c gi bng mt ci tn m miu l educated guess) ca nhng ngi tng thi GRE, cc li hay phm phi khi thi, v gii p mt s thc mc thng gp ca cc bn hc GRE m ngy xa ti cng tng gp phi.

Cc thng tin chung v GRE cc bn c th tm thy bt c u, nn khng c y. Ti liu ny cng khng phi l mt ti liu hng dn hc GRE chun mc ; y ch l phng php hc GRE ca chnh ti, c th ph hp vi cc bn hoc khng. Cc bn nn tham kho, v p dng th cc phng php hc khc nhau t rt ra phng php hc hiu qu cho ring mnh.

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II. MY FIRST LESSON GRE does not test how intelligent you are, it just test how well you prepare for the test. y l cu ni u tin ng thy dy GRE ca Princeton ni vi chng ti. Thng minh khng c gi tr my i vi GRE; nhng g cn lm l luyn, luyn v luyn. im ca cc bn tng ng vi n lc cc bn b ra.

500200 800

Ci s hi mo ny l iu th hai ng thy ni. Nhng ngi ra GRE lun c gng sao cho trung bnh nhng ngi thi Verbal s t c khong 500 im, nu h hc chm ch. Ngi ta khng c gng ra GRE nh ngi thi bao gi, nu nhiu ngi im qu cao hoc qu thp, thi y s b coi l khng thnh cng. Vy cc bn bit khi hc chm ch cc bn s c bao nhiu im ri y iu th 3 cn sc hn na: Khi lm bi thi GRE, ng bao gi c gng lm ht. Mi phn nn b li 2 cu kh nht, tick Letter of the Day, dnh thi gian cho cc cu d hn. im cc bn s cao hn khi cc bn tp trung gii tt c mi cu. Ch khi trnh cc bn t trn 700 Verbal, cc bn mi nn tp trung lm tt c mi cu. Thc ra cc bn khng nht thit thc hin iu ny, nhng nu gp cu kh th nn b tp trung lm cc cu d hn. Cc bn thy sao? Cng khng phi l khng c l

Bt u khi no? m bo im thi GRE tt (500 Verbal, 800 Quantitative), cc bn nn dnh t 4 thng tr ln hc. Nu cc bn va hc va lm, th nn bt u sm hn. Ti hc GRE trong 2 thng ri, do khi y chng trnh ca VEF rt gp. Mi ngy ti phi hc 50-100 t GRE. Nhng vic hc nhanh nh vy v cng vt v, v hiu qu khng cao. Trc khi thi GRE mt tun, ti c biu hin qu ti, u c nng n v khng ngh g c. iu ng nhin nh hng n k thi. Bt u sm khin vic hc GRE nh nhng hn v kt qu tt hn nhiu.


III. GRE QUANTITATIVE Hu ht chng ta u bit Ton ca GRE rt d. Cc bn bit ln u tin ti test th Ton GRE c bao nhiu im khng? 680/800. Ngi cao im nht trong lp ti khi y c 740/800. cng s l im ca cc bn, nu cc bn khng quan tm ng mc n GRE Quantitative khi i thi. Ch 1-2 tun hc Ton cn thn, cc bn c th d dng t n mc 780-800 Quatitative. Vy ng tnh ch quan lm mt i 50 60 im v l. ln c 50 im bn Verbal gian kh hn nhiu

1. Nhn xt chung: - Dng ton ca GRE l rt c bn, tng ng ton cp II, cp III VN. - im cao th d, c im tuyt i th kh (sai khng qu mt cu/1

section) - Mc tiu ti thiu nn l 780/800 Quant. Hy phn u t ti a 800/800 - Cc cu hi kh thng ri vo:

Question 10-15 Question 26-30 Question 20-25 ( th )

2. Cc li thng gy mt im trong bi thi: Li Nguyn nhn

1 Hiu sai bi c khng cn thn - B la / b qua keyword 2 Hiu nhm th Nhn nhm cc i lng trn th 3 Lm khng chnh xc Tnh ton khng cn thn (+ - * /) 4 Tick nhm Li hay mc nht. Cht cay c nht 5 Khng bit t Khng hiu ng tt nhin khng lm c 6 Gp bi kh i khi gp phi bi qui d 7 Tnh ton phc tp Bi yu cu tnh qu nhiu d sai

Gii php: - c k bi, xem k th - Tnh ton chnh xc - Kim tra nhanh du tick mi khi in xong Nhn xt: - a s bi trong GRE Math l n gin. Lm phc tp l lm sai - Cc li 5,6 hay 7 l kh, nhng thng mt im 4 li u nhiu hn.


- Ton GRE thng dng php lm trn s n gin ho tnh ton. Khng cn tnh ton vi s qu l.

- Gp cu kh, nh du li lm sau. Bi kh v tnh ton phc tp lm mt thi gian v nh hng ti tm l, d phm tip sai lm.

- im GRE Quantitative khng th hin tnh thng minh, m th hin tnh chnh xc.

Dng bi d sai:

- Lm trn - T l % tng, gim - Thng k

Ch khi lm Quantitative: 1. c chnh xc 2. Lm nhanh 3. Kim tra nhiu ln 4. Cu kh lm sau 5. Hc k cc thut ng Ton v cc dng bi kh

3. Phn phi thi gian lm bi Lm bi: 22 25

- 20 cu u khong 11 13 - 5 cu th 5 - 4 cu cui 3- 4

Kim tra : 5 - Xem k nhng cu kh nh du - Kim tra vic tick chnh xc cha

Lm 5 cu nn ngh mt cht u c th thi Khi hc GRE, cc bn nn c mt ng h bm giy. Vic m bo thi gian v tc lm bi l v cng quan trng, nh vy cc bn lun lun ch ng, v bit iu chnh k hoch lm bi hp l.

4. Cc thut ng Ton Hy m bo bn hiu ng c cc t/khi nim di y: 1 Number:Positive/ Negative Prime Consecutive Integers Even/ Odd Digits Place value The tens digit The unit digit The tenths digit Fraction Numerator Denominator


Mix number Decimal Percentage Inclusive Exclusive Ch : 1,234 = 1234 = 1000 + 200 + 30 + 4 1.234= 1 + 0.2 + 0.03 + 0.004 (tenth) (hundredth)

Counting Number 1,2,3, . Whole Number 0,1,2,3, .

Percentage Decrease Percentage Increase } (A A) / A 2 Operations:Addition/ Sum Subtraction / Difference Multiplication/ product of/

time Division Divisibility Dividend Divisor Quotient Remainder Multiple Greatest common divisor Least common multiple Square root Squaring Cubed n factorial n! Invert a fraction Factoring algebraic

expression The third power of x: x3 The five to the power of

four: 54Plug in

Associative law Distributive law Commutative law Duos Trios 3 Counting & Data AnalysisPermutation = n! Combination C(k,n) = n!/

k!(n-k)! Average = Arithmetic mean

Median Mode (highest frequency) Range Standard Deviation Mt bi ton kh tricky v thng k: Tuy nhin bi ny tr nn d dng nu bit mt tnh cht ca th phn phi chun. C 100 ngi thi GRE, tng im l 50000. Nu im thi tun theo phn phi chun, v lch chun l 120, hi c bao nhiu phn trm s ngi t trn 620 im? Gii:


A lch chun

BVi phn phi chun, khong cch gia tm v lch chun lun bng 34%

380 500 620

Mean = 50000/100 = 500 -> to A l 500 620 = 500 + 120 => l 1 lch chun t mean B => s % s ngi c im cao hn 620 l 16% (s ngi c im t 500 n 620 s l 34%)

4 GraphAxis Origin Quadrant Slope Peak Intercept 5 Geometry Vertex Angle Acute angle Line Vertical angle Obtuse angle Opposite angle Diagonal Perpendicular lines Rectangular coordinate system

Triangle (equilateral / isosceles / right)

Hypotenuse

Leg Base Circle / radius / diameter Arch / chord / center Circumference Perimeter Area Surface area Volume Inscribe Circumscribed Side Polygon Quadrilateral Trapezoid Parallelogram Rectangular/ rectangle Square Lozenge Hexagon Octagon Cube Sphere Cone Pyramid Angle X is a supplement of

angle Y: X + Y = 180oAngle X is a complement of angle Y: X + Y = 900

6 MeasureCoins: 1 quarter = 25 cents 1 dime = 10 cents 1 nickel = 5 cents 1 penny = 1 cents 1 dollar = 100 cents Length:


1 foot = 12 inches 1 yard = 3 feet 1 mile = 1760 yard 1 inch = 2.54 centimeter Volume: 1 quart = 2 pints

1 gallon = 9 quarts 1 pint = 0.58 lit (Anh) = 0.473 lit (MY)

Weight: 1 ounce = 16 drams = 28.35 gram

1 pound = 16 ounce = 0.454 kg 1 ton = 200 pounds Speed:

MPH: mile per hour Clock loses 30 per hour Clock gains 30 per hour 7 Formulas

In triangle: z2 = x2 + y2 2xy cos cos >0 -> z2 < x2 + y2

cos z2 > x2 + y2

cos(/3) = sin(/3) = sqrt(3)/2 cos(/2) = sin(/2) = sqrt(2)/2

An = n! A (k, n) = n! / (n-k)! C (k, n) = n! / k! (n-k)!

City A has 18% fewer residents than B : (B-A)/B = 18% hay A= 0.82 B City A in next year (A) have the number of residents increased by 18% : (A-A)/ A = 18%

5. Cc dng bi chnh 1 Numbers & Parts 2 Equations 3 Exponents & Square Root 4 Geometry


5 Charts 6 Ratios, averages & statistic 7 Other : Rate, Group, Digits, Patterns visual perception

6. KT LUN Ch khi luyn Quantitative:

- Lm test nhiu luyn phn x. Bm gi ng nh thi tht - Tng hp cc bi ton kh, ghi li nhng thut ng cha bit. Hc thuc.

Ch khi thi Quantitative: - c chnh xc - Lm nhanh - Kim tra nhiu ln - Cu kh lm sau


IV. GRE VERBAL GRE Verbal l th thch chnh ca ngi thi GRE. Cc bn s dnh phn ln thi gian luyn GRE y: (i) cc bn phi hc mt list t rt di m ch my ai dng n (ii) cc bn phi luyn tactic, lm test rt nhiu c th thi tt.

1. Phng php hc t vng: 1 Hc bao nhiu t?

Cng nhiu cng tt, t nht nn trn 2500 t, tt nht l nn hc ht c list 3500 t ca Barron. - Bt u vi List t Hit Parade ca Cracking GRE 250 t, ri chuyn

qua List 3500 t ca Barron - Khi hc c 400-600 t th bt u luyn tactics, lm bi tp - Mi ngy nn hc t 50 100 t, s qun i mt phn l va - Lm tactics + bi tp gip nh t rt tt - Hc vi ngy phi dnh thi gian n li ton b t vng. u c con

ngi ta hay qun mt cch k l. 2 Vn t v im Verbal tng ng

- Khi vn t l 1000-1500 t, im Verbal ca cc bn bt u ln trn 400, nhng khng n nh. Cc bn lm test tht nhiu s thy.

- Khi cc bn c 2000-2500 t. luyn tactics tt, im Verbal ca cc bn t 400-450, i khi cao hn

- Khi cc bn c 2500-3000 t, im cc bn dao ng t 450-550. - Trn 3000 t, cc bn c th phn u mc tiu 600 Verbal. Tuy nhin c mt quy tc ng bun: im thi thc t thng bng im Test th tr i 100. gim ci lch 100 ng lo ngi ny, cc bn cn luyn Test rt nhiu v tuyt i chnh xc v thi gian khi lm test th.

3 Hc t bng Flash card: - Bn lm nhiu ming ba nh, mt mt ghi t ting Anh, mt mt ghi cc

ngha ting Vit. Mi ngy khong 30-100 ba, ty s lng t bn hc. - Chn ngu nhin tng ba, c mt ting Anh v c nh ngha ting Vit - Chn ngu nhin tng ba, c mt ting Vit, c nh t ting Anh - Hc khong 5-7 vng th nh - u im: Gn, c th hc mi ni, mi lc. Nh lu. D dng bn b.

4 Learn by heart: - Lm nhm c trong ming gip in t vo no tt hn - Mi t c 5 ln thnh ting c ting Anh + ting Vit cho nh, c 5 t

mt


- Che ngha ting Vit, nhn t ting Anh on ngha ting Vit - Che t ting Anh, nhn ngha ting Vit nh t ting Anh - Hc tip 5 t tip theo. - 1 ting ng h hc c khong 40 t. Nhng phi n li nhiu v nhanh

qun - C hc t 5 ngy dnh 2 ngy n li ton b.

5 Reading: - y l phng php tt nht hc t vng lu di, v trnh l trnh

tht. Nhng phi c rt u v rt lu, khng ph hp vi kiu hc i ph vi thng nh trong tactic ny

2. Tactics

2.0 Mt s Abbreviations: LOD: Letter of the Day: Chn ra mt letter ca ngy (A,B,C,D,E) v tick ng letter cho mi cu khng lm c. POE: Power of Elimination: Phng php loi tr - Khng tm ni cu ng th ta tm nhng cu sai tng xc sut on trng ln. AC: Answer Choice POS/NEG: on t trong blank mang ngha tch cc hay tiu cc (positive /negative), da vo trigger v ngha v cn li ca cu. V d: Uyn is _________, so she sings a song. Chng ta thy ngay Uyn ang trong mt trng thi tch cc (+), th mi ht c. Ch ang angry (-) th ch ht c thi T c th loi ht nhng option mang tnh tiu cc (-) cho blank ny.

2.1 Sentence Completion C kh nng lm ng nh suy lun ch khng thun ty ph thuc vn t nh Antonym v Analogy. Phn thi ny mt nhiu thi gian v phi suy ngh nhiu. Tactic chung:

- 7 questions/section, dnh khong 6-8 pht hon thnh. - Skim ht 7 questions chn cu d lm trc. Dnh nhiu thi gian cho

cu d. - Dnh ti a 1pht/ 1 cu. Nu qu 1 pht cha lm c, Letter of the

Day v chuyn sang cu khc. - Tp trung c hiu sentence trc khi xem ACs - Check part of speech, second meaning. i khi, mt s cu c by khi test

ngha th 2, th 3 ca t. Li thng gp:


- Rt nhiu ngi ngh qu lu cho mt cu kh khng ra, thiu thi gian cho cc phn d ly im khc, tm l b nh hng nn lm khng tt cc phn sau. Take it easy: Khng lm c l b ngay Bn c php LOD ti 2 cu.

1. Vy th no l cu Sentence Completion kh?

- Cu qu di, cu trc ng php phc tp d hiu sai - Khng bit keyword khng hiu c ngha cu.

Loi cu ny tuy kh nhng x l n gin: lm sau cng Guess tnh Positive/Negative ca blank + ngha trigger (POS/NEG)

POE tng xc sut on trng. Nu n POS/NEG cng khng on ni, Letter of the Day ngay

chuyn cu khc. kh ri, ngh cng ch ra th ngh lm g 2. Vi nhng cu c kh nng lm c, th phi tp trung ht sc ly im:

1 c v dch cu ra ting Vit Ci trick n gin ny gip tng chnh xc ln rt nhiu.

2 Xc nh cc clues - triggers: Mi lin h gia cc v trong cu - Ng php cu: Tch cc cu phc tp thnh nhiu v cu n gin. - ngha ca cu: Cc keywords mang thng tin.

Mt s trigger ph bin: - Because, since, consequently, hence, insofar, thus, ;, : One thing causes or logically determines another - Furthermore, moreover, likewise, as well The omitted part of the sentence supports or continues a thought developed elsewhere in the sentence

- Although, however, nonetheless, notwithstanding, instead, despite, rather, whereas, anomaly, incongruity, paradox Contrast between one idea and another Look for antonym or near antonym for another word in the sentence.

3 Tm t ting Vit tng ng cho cc blank: Khi hiu r cu, tm mt t ting Vit hp l cho mi blank

4 Check/ POE + the best fit (AC ph hp nht c th) - Loi tr cc AC sai:

Sai v POS/NEG Lack relevant


Not fit your words - Kim tra ht 5 AC chn best fit & second fit vi ngha ca t mnh tm

c - Nu c > 1 possible ACs, chn AC c cha t mnh bit, xc sut ng

cao hn. y l quy tc kinh nghim. 5 Re-check possible ACs for deep understanding _ BEST FIT (Best fit fits)

Trnh tm c mt AC c v ng ri dng ngay m khng check cc AC cn li. Ch : Trong 5 cu ACs

- 3 ACs wrong - 1 AC hi xa (thot nhn c v rt ph hp) - 1 AC best fit

Cn thn khi make assumption vi triggers

2.2 Antonym - Antonyms l thuc rt nhiu vo s lng t vng cc bn hc. Khi

vn t nhiu, th Antonym tr thnh phn ly im ch lc, trung bnh c th lm ng ti 7-8/11 cu khi hc c trn 2500 t.

- Antonyms c rt nhiu cu (11/1 section), nhng thng ch lm trong 4-5 pht.

- Antonyms khng c khi nim cu kh cu d, m c chia theo Stem Word: T bn bit, t bn khng nh r, v t bn khng bit.

1 Words you know - Tm ngha ting Vit n gin ca Stem Word - Tm t i ngha - POE cc ACs khng ph hp - La chn AC c ngha ph hp nht vi t tm c - Kim tra tt c cc ACs tm t BEST-FIT

2 Words you sort of know a. Define roots, prefixes, part of speech, word group/ association, 2nd

meaning b. POE: Loi nhng AC

i. T khng c t i ngha r rng ii. Hai AC synonyms vi nhau

iii. POS/NEG: Loi nu cng POS hoc NEG vi Stem Word 3 Words you dont know: Do last!

a. POE nh 2b b. Dont waste time. Guess -> go on!


Cc li c th gp: - Khng bit Stem Word - Khnb bit nhiu ACs - Hiu sai ngha stem words:

+ Second meaning + T khng nh r nh sai

2.3 Analogies - Analogy l phn challenging nht trong GRE Verbal. lm tt

Analogies, bn va cn bit nhiu t, va cn thnh tho cc cch xc nh quan h gia cc cp t.

- Analogy thng c 9 cu 1 sections, v thng c lm trong 5-6 pht. - Trng hp thun li nht l bit ngha ca cp t Stem Words:

2.3.1 Words you know: Step I: t cu vi cp t lm r quan h:

Common Relationship: Barron lit k cc dng quan h c bn rt y - y c nhm li thnh 7 nhm quan h c tnh cht kh gn nhau cho d nh - Cc bn tham kho chi tit trong Barron. I/ Definition Characteristic Class & Member II/ Antonym Synonym III/ Degree of Intensity Part to whole IV/ Function Manner Action & Its significance V/ Worker, Tool, Action, Work place VI/ Cause Effect Sex Age Time sequence Special sequence Symbol & Meaning VII/ Other types

Step II: Kim tra ACs 1. Loi cc AC khng ph hp vi cu ca bn 2. Nu c 2 AC cng ph hp vi cu ca bn, & bn bit ht t ca AC:


- t li cu vi quan h hp hn, c th hn - Kim tra 2nd meaning + part of Speech ca Stem Word 3. Nu bn khng bit t trong ACs - Khng bit t no => Guess is ok - Nu bit 1 t trong cp t ACs: Chn AC c t nht 1 t cng loi t vi

t tng ng Stem Words. y l quy tc kinh nghim nhng xc sut ng kh cao: V d: STEM WORD: Diamon : hard AC1: Table : stable AC2: Rubber : elastic D khng bit elastic l g, Chng ta chn AC2 s nhiu kh nng ng hn AC1. Rubber v Diamon trong context ny u l vt liu. Hard l c tnh ni bt ca kim cng, do cn c th on thm c elastic l c tnh ni bt ca Rubber - n hi, co gin. R rng table th khng c c im g ni bt kiu vy.

4. LOD! Lun lun l gii php cui cng. Idea: Khng bao gi mt question no khng in, d lm c hay khng

2.3.2 Dont know STEM WORD: POE + Best fit

Gi n Stem Words bn cng chng bit. B th ph, vy lm th no? Dng phng php loi tr, v chn AC hp l nht c th. 1. POE : phn tch trc tip cc ACs - Loi nhng AC khng c quan h r rng, hoc quan h khng hp l - Loi 2 AC c cng mt kiu quan h. p n ch c mt thi. 3. Chn AC ph hp nht c th - Best fit - Chn AC c quan h r rng nht trong s cc AC v khng c AC khc

c cng kiu quan h . V d: DOG:BARK l mt cp t c quan h r rng.

- Nu bit 1 t stem word: Chn AC c t nht 1 t cng loi t vi t tng ng Stem Words. Nh v d v Diamon v Rubber trn.

- Quan tm n c tnh in hnh ca 1 t - Tng tng ra context ca relationship 4. LOD khi khng dng c cc phng php trn

2.4 Reading Comprehension - Cng vi Antonyms, Reading l phn c nhiu cu hi nht.


- Reading l phn mt thi gian nht, thng mt khong 12-14 pht. Bi c ngn 4-5, bi c di 9-10. Tc c rt quan trng.

- Reading ca GRE rt kh (i) nhiu t mi (ii) cu trc rt phc tp. - p dng tactic tt th kh nng lm ng nhiu, v c th suy lun m

khng ph thuc qu nhiu vo vn t. - Nn tp trung luyn Reading, cng vi Antonyms y cng l mt phn

thng ly c nhiu im - Lm bi c ngn trc bi c di. Bi c di nu thiu thi gian, c

khng qu k vn c th ly im, bi c ngn c khng k th khng th lm c.

- Dng bt ch r chm chm tng dng nhng on cn c k. Cch ny rt hiu qu: (i)gip hiu r hn, (ii) m bo tc c.

2.4.1 Mapping: Important

- c nhanh cu u tin ca mi on (i khi c c cu th 2 nu cha hiu r )

- c cu cui cng ca bi + Paraphrase: Tm tt mi cu u tin tng on trong 3-5 t

+ Skim (very fast the body of paragraph) if still unclear: c lt qua c on nu vn cha hiu (rt nhanh)

Tng thi gian cho bc ny: 230 s - Skim all questions to find easy ones: c lt qua cc cu hi chn cu

hi d lm trc. Cu hi d l cu hi (i) general (ii) c keyword nm trong map va xy dng, qua bit c thng tin cn tr li nm on no trong bi.

Mc ch ca bc Mapping: - C ci nhn chung v bi c m khng cn mt thi gian c chi tit. - Tr li ngay c cc cu hi general: What is the main topic of this

passage, etc - D xc nh c v tr c thng tin cn thit tr li cc cu hi v sau. Mapping khng hiu qu vi nhng bi c qu di m ch c 1-2 on

2.4.2 Read/ Paraphrase (optional) questions Tp trung xc nh loi cu hi: 2 loi cu hi chnh l general questions (cc idea chung ca ton bi) v specific questions (hi mt thng tin c th trong bi). - Trung bnh mi cu lm trong 1 pht. - Tr li cc cu hi General trc. - Specific Questions:


+ Skim for keyword: Xc nh xem phn thng tin c hi u + Read 5 lines above / 5 lines below hiu r v tr li

+ Cu no tm c clue trc lm trc + Cu no phc tp hoc m h qu lm sau

2.4.3 POE: Ngay c vi nhng cu chng c clue no, c th da vo c tnh ca AC loi nhng AC khng tt. Nhng AC kiu di y thng khng ng: - Extreme AC:

+ AC has words like: Absolute/ rarely/ all/ never/ definite/ must + AC using bad comparison + AC relate to morality matter

- Out of scope + State smt not mentioned in passage

- Irrelevant + AC that has too many words copied from passage (!) + Doesnt say anything relevant to

- Too specific/ general 2.4.4 Bi c ngn

- Vi bi c ngn bn c ht c bi trong 1.5 n 2 ri tr li cu hi. - Dng bt ch tch ly nhng chnh trong bi c ngn. Thng mi

chnh c 1-2 cu, ty cu di cu ngn. y l cch mapping trong bi c ngn; d tm thng tin trong bi.

3. Th t lm tng phn trong mi section Verbal: 3.1 Thi quen ca ti:

a) Sentence Completion 7 b) Antonyms 4 c) Analogies 5

d) Reading 14 3.2 Ti sao? Reading thng sau cng. Lm reading trc rt d ln thi gian ca cc phn khc. Ti thy t ngi c nhanh hn c 13-14 cho c 2 bi c. Mt s lp hc yu cu chng ti luyn c trong 12, tuy nhin iu ny khng d dng. Th t lm cc phn khc ty kinh nghim mi ngi. Ti thng lm Sentence Completion trc, khi bt u test v khi u c minh mn hn, hp vi dng bi cn suy ngh nhiu. Antonym lm th hai v phn ny nhiu im m khng kh. Tuy nhin, nhiu bn c th t lm bi khc v kt qu vn rt tt. Quan trng nht l phi m bo c thi gian cho mi phn.


V. ANALYTICAL WRITING Khng ging nh thi vit TOEFL, ni cc bn th hin phong cch vit hp dn, kh nng s dng ngn ng thnh tho, trong bi vit Analytical Writing, cc bn th hin t duy critical thinking ca mnh. Vi Analytical Writing Issue, cc bn th hin kh nng lp lun bo v quan im ca mnh v mt vn no ; cn trong Analytical Writing Argument, bn hc cch tn cng nhng lun c khng thuyt phc ca ngi khc. Bi Argument thng d vit hn l Issue.

Khi luyn nhiu v Analytical Writing, cc bn s hiu hn v cch t duy ca ngi M: cht ch v logic. Cng vi Verbal Reading, y l k nng c ch nht v c dng nhiu nht ca GRE khi hc M.

1. Issue writing task 1.1 GRE Issue Themes: Cc nhm ch chnh ca GRE Issue:

- Conforming and Tradition vs. Individuality and innovation - Practically and Utility vs. Creativity and personal enrichment - Keys to individual success and progress - Keys to societal progress and how we define it - How we obtain and advance knowledge and what constitutes knowledge

or advancement of knowledge - Objectives and methods of formal education - Value of studying history - The impact of Technology on society and on individuals - The function and value of art and science (for individuals and society) - The importance of cultural identity (custom, rituals, and ideals) - The sort of people society considers heroes or great leaders - The proper role of government business and individuals in ensuring the

well-being of society Vic phn loi cc nhm ch chnh ca GRE Issue gip ta hnh dung r hn v nhng g chng ta s vit, v trang b kin thc nn cho cc lnh vc m chng ta cn thiu. Kin thc cng phong ph, th bi vit cng nhiu thng tin tt.

1.2 Prewriting: 3- 5 pht u tin l quan trng nht trong bi Issue. Xc nh r mnh s vit g. Tuyt i khng vit ngay khi cha brain-storming xong cc . - Read prompt - paraphrase the issue: Gip hiu r bi - Summarize the opposing idea: Tm tt phn bin bi - Pick a side: Chn mt quan im bo v: ng h/Phn i

1.2.1 nh gi bi - Statement whose accuracy defends on various factors


- Statement that overlooks legitimate compelling interests (should) - Statement that raises two distinct but related issues (threshold _ main

issues) - Statement that might be true (or untrue) general but fails to account for

significant exceptional cases (only, all, must) 1.2.2 Strongly agreement or disagreement: but must at least acknowledge the contrary

view. 1.2.3 Think of reasons: Brain storming tm cc l do bo v quan im ca mnh

Mt cch n gin l ch trch cc i lp nng quan im ca mnh ln. i. Turn it around: Li vn sang mt lnh vc khc, xem xt

mt gc cnh khc lm cho i lp tr nn tm thng ii. Trivialize it: H thp tm quan trng ca i lp

iii. Appeal to broader considerations: Xem xt vn phm vi rng hn, lm i lp tr nn nh b

iv. Lesser of 2 evils: Chng t rng nhc im ca ng h thp hn nhiu nhc im ca i lp

v. Greater of 2 virtues: So snh u im ca ng h ln hn nhiu so vi u im ca i lp.

1.2.4 Tm v d: trong cc category sau: b. Environmental c. Historical d. Psychological e. Sociological f. Economic g. Political h. Geographical i. Ideological

Bn a ra lp lun, th phi a ra cc v d, s liu chng t cc lp lun ca mnh l ng. Cc category gip bn bit r nn tm v d u. Ch : Avoid hypothetical / personal examples: Trnh nhng v d mang tnh gi thuyt, hoc nhng v d c nhn.

1.2.5 La chn Template cho bi: (P: Paragraph) A. P1: main reason for your position -> counterpoint -> rebuttal

P2: second reason -> counterpoint -> rebuttal P3: third reason -> counterpoint -> rebuttal

Or 1 reason with 3 examples P1, P2, P3 B. P1: One reason support

P2: Another reason support P3: Another reason support


P4: Chief counter argument -> rebuttal C. P1: Chief counter argument

P2: Another counter argument P3: Reason + support P4: Reason + support

D. P1 + P2 : Area + examples Support one position P3 + P4 : Area + examples Support contrary position

E. P1 + P2 : Counter argument -> rebuttal P3 + P4: Counter argument + rebuttal

3 template u thng xuyn c dng. c bit l template C. When use which? Da vo vn ca topic m chn template (A, B, C, D, E) ph hp.

A: agree and disagree strongly B: One strong argument against your position C: More than one strong argument against your position D: Two contrary positions are equally strong E: Two or more reasons in support of an opposing position

1.3 Cc yu cu ca m bi/kt lun ti, cc mu m bi/kt lun, cch chuyn gia

cc on ca thn bi: INTRODUCTION: Mt m bi tt cn c cc sau:

1. Understand the complexity of the Topic/Paraphrase/ Question to topic 2. Point out opposing idea (optional) 3. Clear Position 4. Reasons

Example: y l 2 template m bi xut hin nhiu trong cc Issue mu Whether ___P___ depends on variety of factors. However/ Nevertheless, since/

because __R1__ and __R2__, I agree with ____ Opposing idea: In asserting that ___P___ the speaker fails to acknowledge ____.

Nevertheless, I agree ___ P: Problem, R1, R2: Reason 1, Reason 2

CONCLUSION: Mt kt lun y cn c: 1. In sum/ In conclusion/ In the final analysis, 2. Restate your position 3. Briefly mention your examples again 4. (Optional) some general sentence/ view about topic :

a. Prediction b. Suggestion


c. Final thought d. Quote

BODY (3-4 paragraphs) 1. Connections

1st Paragraph: To begin with, In the first place, Most importantly, Firstly, First and foremost, The primary reason why I .

2nd Paragraph: In action, Secondly, Next consider/ the next reasons Last Paragraph: Finally, Last but not least

2. Topic sentence : Just introduce a reason, no details 3. Explanation for reason 4. Examples + show in sight/ relevance to reason 5. (Optional) Concluding sentence- remind reader about reason & examples y l cch vit dng h thp mt opposing point:

- Although it might appear that - Upon first impression, . Seems - At first glance it would seem/ appear that and then - However , in reality, actually when viewed more closely, further

observation shows

2. Arguments Vi argument, quan trng nht l phi tm trong bi ra t nht 3 im yu (weak point), theo cc dng im yu c bn c cp di y. Khi tm c im yu ri, th vic tn cng chng kh n gin.

2.1 Prewriting: 3-5 1. Cn tm trong bi:

- Conclusion: Kt lun. - Premises: Cc dn chng. - Assumptions: L cc suy lun c n trong bi, thng khng thy c

trc tip. Chng ta cn tn cng vo cc assumtion khng tt - y l cc im yu ca bi. V d: Ca hng A chuyn vo trung tm thnh ph v kinh doanh thun li. Ca hng B cng nn chuyn v trung tm thnh ph kinh doanh c thun li. Conclusion: Ca hng B nn chuyn v trung tm thnh ph kinh doanh thun li Premise: Ca hng A chuyn vo trung tm thnh ph v kinh doanh thun li Assumption: Ca hng A kinh doanh thun li l do chuyn v trung tm thnh ph.


2. Cc dng suy lun yu:

a) Cause and Effect with: (i) Mere Correlation (ii) Mere Temporal V d: Bn A n chui. Sau bn A thi trt. Do n chui s khin ngi ta thi trt. Assumption: Bn A thi trt l do n chui. Weak point: Hai hnh ng/s kin khng lin quan n nhau nhng ng cnh nhau to cm gic s kin ny gy ra s kin kia: Vic n chui khng h lin quan n thi hay trt.

b) Certain Condition is sufficient/ necessary for certain outcome: V d v ca hng A v B trn. Weak point: S kin X ch l 1 trong nhiu nguyn nhn c th to nn s kin Y khng th kt lun X gy ra Y: Ca hng A kinh doanh thun li c th c rt nhiu l do: uy tn, quan h khch hng, cht lng sn phm, etc, ch khng ch do a im.

c) Condition will remain unchanged: V d: 10 nm trc, cng ty A pht trin sn phm P, v bn chy. Hin nay, 10 nm sau, cng ty A nn tip tc pht trin sn phm P bn chy. Assumption: Hin nay sn phm P s bn chy v trc kia 10 nm n bn chy. Weak point: Cho rng iu kin khng thay i theo thi gian: Sau 10 nm, rt nhiu thay i din ra, nn nhng kt lun trc kia ca sn phm A khng chc cn ng na.

d) Characteristics of a Group apply to each member: Mt nghin cu cho bit ngi dn M ni chung thng i lm mun. Do , c th kt lun l ngi dn New York i lm mun. Assumption: Kt qu nghin cu M ng vi NY. Weak point: Mt kt qu chung cha chc ng vi mi thnh vin: Ngi NY c th i lm sm, nhng dn cc vng khc i lm mun cng dn n kt qu ngi dn nc M i lm mun.

e) Potentially unrepresentative Statistical Sample Mt nghin cu cho thy ngi dn New York thng i lm mun. Nh vy ngi dn M thng i lm mun. Assumption: Kt qu kho st NY ng vi M Weak point: ng nhin mt kt qu ng cc b khng th p dng mt phm vi ln hn. Chng c thng tin g cho bit ngi dn cc vng khc M i lm sm hay mun.

f) Tainted results from survey or Poll (credible/unbiased):


Mt kho st vi 3 sinh vin trong mt lp hc 100 sinh vin cho thy 2 trong s ny (66%) rt khng thch gio s. Vy c th thy sinh vin trong lp khng thch gio s. Assumption: Kt qu kho st l ng tin cy. Weak point: Mt kho st tin hnh khng tin cy, do (i) s lng mu qu t (ii) i tng kho st khng khch quan (v d hi m bn xem bn c p trai/xinh gi khng ). Kho st ch vi 3 sinh vin th khng ni ln c iu g.

g) Weak analogy between two things: Rng A c lnh cm sn bn nn ng vt qu him c bo tn. Vy rng B cng nn cm sn bn bo tn ng vt qu him. Assumption: Nhng g ng vi Rng A th s ng vi Rng B. Weak point: So snh gia hai s kin/s vt khng tng ng nhau: Rng A v Rng B rt khc nhau v sinh thi, v tr a l, thi quen sinh sng ca ngi dn nhng iu ng vi Rng A cha chc p dng c vi Rng B. Nu dn rng B khng c thi quen sn bn, th c cm sn bn hay khng cng khng c ngha.

Wording: Mt s t thng dng khi trong lp lun ca Argument

1. Contrast: However, nevertheless, on the contrary, in contrast, but 2. Examples: For instance, for examples, specifically, perhaps 3. Emphasis: Even (if), indeed, in fact, truly 4. Cause-Effect: Hence, so, thus, therefore, consequently 5. Additional: In addition, moreover, furthermore, then, again, also, besides


VI. NGY THI: - Trc khi thi 1 tun, nn gim cng hc, u c th thi. - Hy m bo bn thi th full-test lin tc trong 3 ting ri nhiu ln,

quen vi cng cng thng trong phng thi. - i ng sm, n phng thi ng gi. Dng mi hot ng hc hnh vo

m trc khi thi. - Chun b 3 bt ch, ty, ng h bm giy. - Lm bi thi ht sc tp trung. kh hay d khng quan trng, vn ch

l lm ht sc mnh. ng mc tiu im chc nh hng n mnh. - Tnh to v chnh xc. Kim tra nhiu ln. Trnh nhng sai st mt im

khng ng c. - Xong !!! Bn lm tt nht nhng g c th. Gi bn xng ng c

ngh ngi

VII. LI KT: Ngy ti hc GRE v lm h s du hc M, rt nhiu ngi gip ti. Hm nay, ti hi vng nhng kinh nghim ca mnh s gip c phn no cho cc bn ang tip tc trn con ng y, v y cng l li cm n ca ti dnh cho nhng ngi i trc. Du hc M l mt c m ln; nhng g cc bn s nhn c hon ton xng ng vi cng sc cc bn b ra. Chc cc bn c mt k thi may mn, v mt k apply thnh cng. Ti liu ny c s dng cc kin thc tng hp trong cc sch dy GRE ca Barron, Princeton v mt s sch khc. Nu cc bn s dng cc thng tin trong ti liu ny cho cc mc ch khc ngoi hc tp, cn c s ng ca tc gi.


I. M U:II. MY FIRST LESSONBt u khi no?

III. GRE QUANTITATIVE1. Nhn xt chung:2. Cc li thng gy mt im trong bi thi:3. Phn phi thi gian lm bi4. Cc thut ng Ton5. Cc dng bi chnh6. KT LUN

IV. GRE VERBAL1. Phng php hc t vng:2. Tactics3. Th t lm tng phn trong mi section Verbal:

V. ANALYTICAL WRITING1. Issue writing task2. Arguments

VI. NGY THI:VII. LI KT:

Download - GRE Tactics

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