gre tactics

GRE Tactics Dnh nhiu thi gian cho CU D Khng nh hng bi p lc thnh tch Lm ht sc minh l THNH CNG

Written by: L Thnh Nam

Computer Science Department New York University [email protected]

Date: January 23rd, 2006

I. M U: GRE khng cn xa l vi cc bn c hoi bo du hc M. y l mt tiu ch quan trng khi xt tuyn vo cc trng i hc ti Hoa K. Hin nay VN, thng tin v k thi GRE c nhiu, ti liu luyn thi GRE cng rt phong ph. Cc bn bit phi hc t vng theo Wordlist Barron, luyn trong BigBook, hc tactics trong rt nhiu sch ca Princeton, Kapland hay Barron. Tuy nhin, c nhng vn cc bn mi hc GRE gp phi nhng kh tm li gii c trong cc gio trnh GRE quc t, nh: - Hc GRE trong thi gian bao lu l hp l? - Phng php hc GRE hiu qu vi ngi VN? - Tm l trong phng thi, cch phn b thi gian lm bi?

Ti liu ny ti ghi li nhng kinh nghim thi GRE ca mnh trong sut thi gian hc thi GRE vo thng 10/2004. Ti hc qua cc chng trnh luyn GRE CICTT - HBK H Ni, lp hc GRE EquestGroup, chng trnh luyn GRE ca Princeton dnh cho cc VEF fellows, cng nh dy GRE ti Equest vo 1/2005. y c nhng thng tin kh c o v cch hc thi GRE, mt s quy tc kinh nghim (hay c gi bng mt ci tn m miu l educated guess) ca nhng ngi tng thi GRE, cc li hay phm phi khi thi, v gii p mt s thc mc thng gp ca cc bn hc GRE m ngy xa ti cng tng gp phi.

Cc thng tin chung v GRE cc bn c th tm thy bt c u, nn khng c y. Ti liu ny cng khng phi l mt ti liu hng dn hc GRE chun mc ; y ch l phng php hc GRE ca chnh ti, c th ph hp vi cc bn hoc khng. Cc bn nn tham kho, v p dng th cc phng php hc khc nhau t rt ra phng php hc hiu qu cho ring mnh.

For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org

II. MY FIRST LESSON GRE does not test how intelligent you are, it just test how well you prepare for the test. y l cu ni u tin ng thy dy GRE ca Princeton ni vi chng ti. Thng minh khng c gi tr my i vi GRE; nhng g cn lm l luyn, luyn v luyn. im ca cc bn tng ng vi n lc cc bn b ra.

500200 800

Ci s hi mo ny l iu th hai ng thy ni. Nhng ngi ra GRE lun c gng sao cho trung bnh nhng ngi thi Verbal s t c khong 500 im, nu h hc chm ch. Ngi ta khng c gng ra GRE nh ngi thi bao gi, nu nhiu ngi im qu cao hoc qu thp, thi y s b coi l khng thnh cng. Vy cc bn bit khi hc chm ch cc bn s c bao nhiu im ri y iu th 3 cn sc hn na: Khi lm bi thi GRE, ng bao gi c gng lm ht. Mi phn nn b li 2 cu kh nht, tick Letter of the Day, dnh thi gian cho cc cu d hn. im cc bn s cao hn khi cc bn tp trung gii tt c mi cu. Ch khi trnh cc bn t trn 700 Verbal, cc bn mi nn tp trung lm tt c mi cu. Thc ra cc bn khng nht thit thc hin iu ny, nhng nu gp cu kh th nn b tp trung lm cc cu d hn. Cc bn thy sao? Cng khng phi l khng c l

Bt u khi no? m bo im thi GRE tt (500 Verbal, 800 Quantitative), cc bn nn dnh t 4 thng tr ln hc. Nu cc bn va hc va lm, th nn bt u sm hn. Ti hc GRE trong 2 thng ri, do khi y chng trnh ca VEF rt gp. Mi ngy ti phi hc 50-100 t GRE. Nhng vic hc nhanh nh vy v cng vt v, v hiu qu khng cao. Trc khi thi GRE mt tun, ti c biu hin qu ti, u c nng n v khng ngh g c. iu ng nhin nh hng n k thi. Bt u sm khin vic hc GRE nh nhng hn v kt qu tt hn nhiu.


III. GRE QUANTITATIVE Hu ht chng ta u bit Ton ca GRE rt d. Cc bn bit ln u tin ti test th Ton GRE c bao nhiu im khng? 680/800. Ngi cao im nht trong lp ti khi y c 740/800. cng s l im ca cc bn, nu cc bn khng quan tm ng mc n GRE Quantitative khi i thi. Ch 1-2 tun hc Ton cn thn, cc bn c th d dng t n mc 780-800 Quatitative. Vy ng tnh ch quan lm mt i 50 60 im v l. ln c 50 im bn Verbal gian kh hn nhiu

1. Nhn xt chung: - Dng ton ca GRE l rt c bn, tng ng ton cp II, cp III VN. - im cao th d, c im tuyt i th kh (sai khng qu mt cu/1

section) - Mc tiu ti thiu nn l 780/800 Quant. Hy phn u t ti a 800/800 - Cc cu hi kh thng ri vo:

Question 10-15 Question 26-30 Question 20-25 ( th )

2. Cc li thng gy mt im trong bi thi: Li Nguyn nhn

1 Hiu sai bi c khng cn thn - B la / b qua keyword 2 Hiu nhm th Nhn nhm cc i lng trn th 3 Lm khng chnh xc Tnh ton khng cn thn (+ - * /) 4 Tick nhm Li hay mc nht. Cht cay c nht 5 Khng bit t Khng hiu ng tt nhin khng lm c 6 Gp bi kh i khi gp phi bi qui d 7 Tnh ton phc tp Bi yu cu tnh qu nhiu d sai

Gii php: - c k bi, xem k th - Tnh ton chnh xc - Kim tra nhanh du tick mi khi in xong Nhn xt: - a s bi trong GRE Math l n gin. Lm phc tp l lm sai - Cc li 5,6 hay 7 l kh, nhng thng mt im 4 li u nhiu hn.


- Ton GRE thng dng php lm trn s n gin ho tnh ton. Khng cn tnh ton vi s qu l.

- Gp cu kh, nh du li lm sau. Bi kh v tnh ton phc tp lm mt thi gian v nh hng ti tm l, d phm tip sai lm.

- im GRE Quantitative khng th hin tnh thng minh, m th hin tnh chnh xc.

Dng bi d sai:

- Lm trn - T l % tng, gim - Thng k

Ch khi lm Quantitative: 1. c chnh xc 2. Lm nhanh 3. Kim tra nhiu ln 4. Cu kh lm sau 5. Hc k cc thut ng Ton v cc dng bi kh

3. Phn phi thi gian lm bi Lm bi: 22 25

- 20 cu u khong 11 13 - 5 cu th 5 - 4 cu cui 3- 4

Kim tra : 5 - Xem k nhng cu kh nh du - Kim tra vic tick chnh xc cha

Lm 5 cu nn ngh mt cht u c th thi Khi hc GRE, cc bn nn c mt ng h bm giy. Vic m bo thi gian v tc lm bi l v cng quan trng, nh vy cc bn lun lun ch ng, v bit iu chnh k hoch lm bi hp l.

4. Cc thut ng Ton Hy m bo bn hiu ng c cc t/khi nim di y: 1 Number:Positive/ Negative Prime Consecutive Integers Even/ Odd Digits Place value The tens digit The unit digit The tenths digit Fraction Numerator Denominator


Mix number Decimal Percentage Inclusive Exclusive Ch : 1,234 = 1234 = 1000 + 200 + 30 + 4 1.234= 1 + 0.2 + 0.03 + 0.004 (tenth) (hundredth)

Counting Number 1,2,3, . Whole Number 0,1,2,3, .

Percentage Decrease Percentage Increase } (A A) / A 2 Operations:Addition/ Sum Subtraction / Difference Multiplication/ product of/

time Division Divisibility Dividend Divisor Quotient Remainder Multiple Greatest common divisor Least common multiple Square root Squaring Cubed n factorial n! Invert a fraction Factoring algebraic

expression The third power of x: x3 The five to the power of

four: 54Plug in

Associative law Distributive law Commutative law Duos Trios 3 Counting & Data AnalysisPermutation = n! Combination C(k,n) = n!/

k!(n-k)! Average = Arithmetic mean

Median Mode (highest frequency) Range Standard Deviation Mt bi ton kh tricky v thng k: Tuy nhin bi ny tr nn d dng nu bit mt tnh cht ca th phn phi chun. C 100 ngi thi GRE, tng im l 50000. Nu im thi tun theo phn phi chun, v lch chun l 120, hi c bao nhiu phn trm s ngi t trn 620 im? Gii:


A lch chun

BVi phn phi chun, khong cch gia tm v lch chun lun bng 34%

380 500 620

Mean = 50000/100 = 500 -> to A l 500 620 = 500 + 120 => l 1 lch chun t mean B => s % s ngi c im cao hn 620 l 16% (s ngi c im t 500 n 620 s l 34%)

4 GraphAxis Origin Quadrant Slope Peak Intercept 5 Geometry Vertex Angle Acute angle Line Vertical angle Obtuse angle Opposite angle Diagonal Perpendicular lines Rectangular coordinate system

Triangle (equilateral / isosceles / right)

Hypotenuse

Leg Base Circle / radius / diameter Arch / chord / center Circumference Perimeter Area Surface area Volume Inscribe Circumscribed Side Polygon Quadrilateral Trapezoid Parallelogram Rectangular/ rectangle Square Lozenge Hexagon Octagon Cube Sphere Cone Pyramid Angle X is a supplement of

angle Y: X + Y = 180oAngle X is a complement of angle Y: X + Y = 900

6 MeasureCoins: 1 quarter = 25 cents 1 dime = 10 cents 1 nickel = 5 cents 1 penny = 1 cents 1 dollar = 100 cents Length:


1 foot = 12 inches 1 yard = 3 feet 1 mile = 1760 yard 1 inch = 2.54 centimeter Volume: 1 quart = 2 pints

1 gallon = 9 quarts 1 pint = 0.58 lit (Anh) = 0.473 lit (MY)

Weight: 1 ounce = 16 drams = 28.35 gram

1 pound = 16 ounce = 0.454 kg 1 ton = 200 pounds Speed:

MPH: mile per hour Clock loses 30 per hour Clock gains 30 per hour 7 Formulas

In triangle: z2 = x2 + y2 2xy cos cos >0 -> z2 < x2 + y2

cos z2 > x2 + y2

cos(/3) = sin(/3) = sqrt(3)/2 cos(/2) = sin(/2) = sqrt(2)/2

An = n! A (k, n) = n! / (n-k)! C (k, n) = n! / k! (n-k)!

City A has 18% fewer residents than B : (B-A)/B = 18% hay A= 0.82 B City A in next year (A) have the number of residents increased by 18% : (A-A)/ A = 18%

5. Cc dng bi chnh 1 Numbers & Parts 2 Equations 3 Exponents & Square Root 4 Geometry


5 Charts 6 Ratios, averages & statistic 7 Other : Rate, Group, Digits, Patterns visual perception

6. KT LUN Ch khi luyn Quantitative:

- Lm test nhiu luyn phn x. Bm gi ng nh thi tht - Tng hp cc bi ton kh, ghi li nhng thut ng cha bit. Hc thuc.

Ch khi thi Quantitative: - c chnh xc - Lm nhanh - Kim tra nhiu ln - Cu kh lm sau


IV. GRE VERBAL GRE Verbal l th thch chnh ca ngi thi GRE. Cc bn s dnh phn ln thi gian luyn GRE y: (i) cc bn phi hc mt list t rt di m ch my ai dng n (ii) cc bn phi luyn tactic, lm test rt nhiu c th thi tt.

1. Phng php hc t vng: 1 Hc bao nhiu t?

Cng nhiu cng tt, t nht nn trn 2500 t, tt nht l nn hc ht c list 3500 t ca Barron. - Bt u vi List t Hit Parade ca Cracking GRE 250 t, ri chuyn

qua List 3500 t ca Barron - Khi hc c 400-600 t th bt u luyn tactics, lm bi tp - Mi ngy nn hc t 50 100 t, s qun i mt phn l va - Lm tactics + bi tp gip nh t rt tt - Hc vi ngy phi dnh thi gian n li ton b t vng. u c con

ngi ta hay qun mt cch k l. 2 Vn t v im Verbal tng ng

- Khi vn t l 1000-1500 t, im Verbal ca cc bn bt u ln trn 400, nhng khng n nh. Cc bn lm test tht nhiu s thy.

- Khi cc bn c 2000-2500 t. luyn tactics tt, im Verbal ca cc bn t 400-450, i khi cao hn

- Khi cc bn c 2500-3000 t, im cc bn dao ng t 450-550. - Trn 3000 t, cc bn c th phn u mc tiu 600 Verbal. Tuy nhin c mt quy tc ng bun: im thi thc t thng bng im Test th tr i 100. gim ci lch 100 ng lo ngi ny, cc bn cn luyn Test rt nhiu v tuyt i chnh xc v thi gian khi lm test th.

3 Hc t bng Flash card: - Bn lm nhiu ming ba nh, mt mt ghi t ting Anh, mt mt ghi cc

ngha ting Vit. Mi ngy khong 30-100 ba, ty s lng t bn hc. - Chn ngu nhin tng ba, c mt ting Anh v c nh ngha ting Vit - Chn ngu nhin tng ba, c mt ting Vit, c nh t ting Anh - Hc khong 5-7 vng th nh - u im: Gn, c th hc mi ni, mi lc. Nh lu. D dng bn b.

4 Learn by heart: - Lm nhm c trong ming gip in t vo no tt hn - Mi t c 5 ln thnh ting c ting Anh + ting Vit cho nh, c 5 t

mt


- Che ngha ting Vit, nhn t ting Anh on ngha ting Vit - Che t ting Anh, nhn ngha ting Vit nh t ting Anh - Hc tip 5 t tip theo. - 1 ting ng h hc c khong 40 t. Nhng phi n li nhiu v nhanh

qun - C hc t 5 ngy dnh 2 ngy n li ton b.

5 Reading: - y l phng php tt nht hc t vng lu di, v trnh l trnh

tht. Nhng phi c rt u v rt lu, khng ph hp vi kiu hc i ph vi thng nh trong tactic ny

2. Tactics

2.0 Mt s Abbreviations: LOD: Letter of the Day: Chn ra mt letter ca ngy (A,B,C,D,E) v tick ng letter cho mi cu khng lm c. POE: Power of Elimination: Phng php loi tr - Khng tm ni cu ng th ta tm nhng cu sai tng xc sut on trng ln. AC: Answer Choice POS/NEG: on t trong blank mang ngha tch cc hay tiu cc (positive /negative), da vo trigger v ngha v cn li ca cu. V d: Uyn is _________, so she sings a song. Chng ta thy ngay Uyn ang trong mt trng thi tch cc (+), th mi ht c. Ch ang angry (-) th ch ht c thi T c th loi ht nhng option mang tnh tiu cc (-) cho blank ny.

2.1 Sentence Completion C kh nng lm ng nh suy lun ch khng thun ty ph thuc vn t nh Antonym v Analogy. Phn thi ny mt nhiu thi gian v phi suy ngh nhiu. Tactic chung:

- 7 questions/section, dnh khong 6-8 pht hon thnh. - Skim ht 7 questions chn cu d lm trc. Dnh nhiu thi gian cho

cu d. - Dnh ti a 1pht/ 1 cu. Nu qu 1 pht cha lm c, Letter of the

Day v chuyn sang cu khc. - Tp trung c hiu sentence trc khi xem ACs - Check part of speech, second meaning. i khi, mt s cu c by khi test

ngha th 2, th 3 ca t. Li thng gp:


- Rt nhiu ngi ngh qu lu cho mt cu kh khng ra, thiu thi gian cho cc phn d ly im khc, tm l b nh hng nn lm khng tt cc phn sau. Take it easy: Khng lm c l b ngay Bn c php LOD ti 2 cu.

1. Vy th no l cu Sentence Completion kh?

- Cu qu di, cu trc ng php phc tp d hiu sai - Khng bit keyword khng hiu c ngha cu.

Loi cu ny tuy kh nhng x l n gin: lm sau cng Guess tnh Positive/Negative ca blank + ngha trigger (POS/NEG)

POE tng xc sut on trng. Nu n POS/NEG cng khng on ni, Letter of the Day ngay

chuyn cu khc. kh ri, ngh cng ch ra th ngh lm g 2. Vi nhng cu c kh nng lm c, th phi tp trung ht sc ly im:

1 c v dch cu ra ting Vit Ci trick n gin ny gip tng chnh xc ln rt nhiu.

2 Xc nh cc clues - triggers: Mi lin h gia cc v trong cu - Ng php cu: Tch cc cu phc tp thnh nhiu v cu n gin. - ngha ca cu: Cc keywords mang thng tin.

Mt s trigger ph bin: - Because, since, consequently, hence, insofar, thus, ;, : One thing causes or logically determines another - Furthermore, moreover, likewise, as well The omitted part of the sentence supports or continues a thought developed elsewhere in the sentence

- Although, however, nonetheless, notwithstanding, instead, despite, rather, whereas, anomaly, incongruity, paradox Contrast between one idea and another Look for antonym or near antonym for another word in the sentence.

3 Tm t ting Vit tng ng cho cc blank: Khi hiu r cu, tm mt t ting Vit hp l cho mi blank

4 Check/ POE + the best fit (AC ph hp nht c th) - Loi tr cc AC sai:

Sai v POS/NEG Lack relevant


Not fit your words - Kim tra ht 5 AC chn best fit & second fit vi ngha ca t mnh tm

c - Nu c > 1 possible ACs, chn AC c cha t mnh bit, xc sut ng

cao hn. y l quy tc kinh nghim. 5 Re-check possible ACs for deep understanding _ BEST FIT (Best fit fits)

Trnh tm c mt AC c v ng ri dng ngay m khng check cc AC cn li. Ch : Trong 5 cu ACs

- 3 ACs wrong - 1 AC hi xa (thot nhn c v rt ph hp) - 1 AC best fit

Cn thn khi make assumption vi triggers

2.2 Antonym - Antonyms l thuc rt nhiu vo s lng t vng cc bn hc. Khi

vn t nhiu, th Antonym tr thnh phn ly im ch lc, trung bnh c th lm ng ti 7-8/11 cu khi hc c trn 2500 t.

- Antonyms c rt nhiu cu (11/1 section), nhng thng ch lm trong 4-5 pht.

- Antonyms khng c khi nim cu kh cu d, m c chia theo Stem Word: T bn bit, t bn khng nh r, v t bn khng bit.

1 Words you know - Tm ngha ting Vit n gin ca Stem Word - Tm t i ngha - POE cc ACs khng ph hp - La chn AC c ngha ph hp nht vi t tm c - Kim tra tt c cc ACs tm t BEST-FIT

2 Words you sort of know a. Define roots, prefixes, part of speech, word group/ association, 2nd

meaning b. POE: Loi nhng AC

i. T khng c t i ngha r rng ii. Hai AC synonyms vi nhau

iii. POS/NEG: Loi nu cng POS hoc NEG vi Stem Word 3 Words you dont know: Do last!

a. POE nh 2b b. Dont waste time. Guess -> go on!


Cc li c th gp: - Khng bit Stem Word - Khnb bit nhiu ACs - Hiu sai ngha stem words:

+ Second meaning + T khng nh r nh sai

2.3 Analogies - Analogy l phn challenging nht trong GRE Verbal. lm tt

Analogies, bn va cn bit nhiu t, va cn thnh tho cc cch xc nh quan h gia cc cp t.

- Analogy thng c 9 cu 1 sections, v thng c lm trong 5-6 pht. - Trng hp thun li nht l bit ngha ca cp t Stem Words:

2.3.1 Words you know: Step I: t cu vi cp t lm r quan h:

Common Relationship: Barron lit k cc dng quan h c bn rt y - y c nhm li thnh 7 nhm quan h c tnh cht kh gn nhau cho d nh - Cc bn tham kho chi tit trong Barron. I/ Definition Characteristic Class & Member II/ Antonym Synonym III/ Degree of Intensity Part to whole IV/ Function Manner Action & Its significance V/ Worker, Tool, Action, Work place VI/ Cause Effect Sex Age Time sequence Special sequence Symbol & Meaning VII/ Other types

Step II: Kim tra ACs 1. Loi cc AC khng ph hp vi cu ca bn 2. Nu c 2 AC cng ph hp vi cu ca bn, & bn bit ht t ca AC:


- t li cu vi quan h hp hn, c th hn - Kim tra 2nd meaning + part of Speech ca Stem Word 3. Nu bn khng bit t trong ACs - Khng bit t no => Guess is ok - Nu bit 1 t trong cp t ACs: Chn AC c t nht 1 t cng loi t vi

t tng ng Stem Words. y l quy tc kinh nghim nhng xc sut ng kh cao: V d: STEM WORD: Diamon : hard AC1: Table : stable AC2: Rubber : elastic D khng bit elastic l g, Chng ta chn AC2 s nhiu kh nng ng hn AC1. Rubber v Diamon trong context ny u l vt liu. Hard l c tnh ni bt ca kim cng, do cn c th on thm c elastic l c tnh ni bt ca Rubber - n hi, co gin. R rng table th khng c c im g ni bt kiu vy.

4. LOD! Lun lun l gii php cui cng. Idea: Khng bao gi mt question no khng in, d lm c hay khng

2.3.2 Dont know STEM WORD: POE + Best fit

Gi n Stem Words bn cng chng bit. B th ph, vy lm th no? Dng phng php loi tr, v chn AC hp l nht c th. 1. POE : phn tch trc tip cc ACs - Loi nhng AC khng c quan h r rng, hoc quan h khng hp l - Loi 2 AC c cng mt kiu quan h. p n ch c mt thi. 3. Chn AC ph hp nht c th - Best fit - Chn AC c quan h r rng nht trong s cc AC v khng c AC khc

c cng kiu quan h . V d: DOG:BARK l mt cp t c quan h r rng.

- Nu bit 1 t stem word: Chn AC c t nht 1 t cng loi t vi t tng ng Stem Words. Nh v d v Diamon v Rubber trn.

- Quan tm n c tnh in hnh ca 1 t - Tng tng ra context ca relationship 4. LOD khi khng dng c cc phng php trn

2.4 Reading Comprehension - Cng vi Antonyms, Reading l phn c nhiu cu hi nht.


- Reading l phn mt thi gian nht, thng mt khong 12-14 pht. Bi c ngn 4-5, bi c di 9-10. Tc c rt quan trng.

- Reading ca GRE rt kh (i) nhiu t mi (ii) cu trc rt phc tp. - p dng tactic tt th kh nng lm ng nhiu, v c th suy lun m

khng ph thuc qu nhiu vo vn t. - Nn tp trung luyn Reading, cng vi Antonyms y cng l mt phn

thng ly c nhiu im - Lm bi c ngn trc bi c di. Bi c di nu thiu thi gian, c

khng qu k vn c th ly im, bi c ngn c khng k th khng th lm c.

- Dng bt ch r chm chm tng dng nhng on cn c k. Cch ny rt hiu qu: (i)gip hiu r hn, (ii) m bo tc c.

2.4.1 Mapping: Important

- c nhanh cu u tin ca mi on (i khi c c cu th 2 nu cha hiu r )

- c cu cui cng ca bi + Paraphrase: Tm tt mi cu u tin tng on trong 3-5 t

+ Skim (very fast the body of paragraph) if still unclear: c lt qua c on nu vn cha hiu (rt nhanh)

Tng thi gian cho bc ny: 230 s - Skim all questions to find easy ones: c lt qua cc cu hi chn cu

hi d lm trc. Cu hi d l cu hi (i) general (ii) c keyword nm trong map va xy dng, qua bit c thng tin cn tr li nm on no trong bi.

Mc ch ca bc Mapping: - C ci nhn chung v bi c m khng cn mt thi gian c chi tit. - Tr li ngay c cc cu hi general: What is the main topic of this

passage, etc - D xc nh c v tr c thng tin cn thit tr li cc cu hi v sau. Mapping khng hiu qu vi nhng bi c qu di m ch c 1-2 on

2.4.2 Read/ Paraphrase (optional) questions Tp trung xc nh loi cu hi: 2 loi cu hi chnh l general questions (cc idea chung ca ton bi) v specific questions (hi mt thng tin c th trong bi). - Trung bnh mi cu lm trong 1 pht. - Tr li cc cu hi General trc. - Specific Questions:


+ Skim for keyword: Xc nh xem phn thng tin c hi u + Read 5 lines above / 5 lines below hiu r v tr li

+ Cu no tm c clue trc lm trc + Cu no phc tp hoc m h qu lm sau

2.4.3 POE: Ngay c vi nhng cu chng c clue no, c th da vo c tnh ca AC loi nhng AC khng tt. Nhng AC kiu di y thng khng ng: - Extreme AC:

+ AC has words like: Absolute/ rarely/ all/ never/ definite/ must + AC using bad comparison + AC relate to morality matter

- Out of scope + State smt not mentioned in passage

- Irrelevant + AC that has too many words copied from passage (!) + Doesnt say anything relevant to

- Too specific/ general 2.4.4 Bi c ngn

- Vi bi c ngn bn c ht c bi trong 1.5 n 2 ri tr li cu hi. - Dng bt ch tch ly nhng chnh trong bi c ngn. Thng mi

chnh c 1-2 cu, ty cu di cu ngn. y l cch mapping trong bi c ngn; d tm thng tin trong bi.

3. Th t lm tng phn trong mi section Verbal: 3.1 Thi quen ca ti:

a) Sentence Completion 7 b) Antonyms 4 c) Analogies 5

d) Reading 14 3.2 Ti sao? Reading thng sau cng. Lm reading trc rt d ln thi gian ca cc phn khc. Ti thy t ngi c nhanh hn c 13-14 cho c 2 bi c. Mt s lp hc yu cu chng ti luyn c trong 12, tuy nhin iu ny khng d dng. Th t lm cc phn khc ty kinh nghim mi ngi. Ti thng lm Sentence Completion trc, khi bt u test v khi u c minh mn hn, hp vi dng bi cn suy ngh nhiu. Antonym lm th hai v phn ny nhiu im m khng kh. Tuy nhin, nhiu bn c th t lm bi khc v kt qu vn rt tt. Quan trng nht l phi m bo c thi gian cho mi phn.


V. ANALYTICAL WRITING Khng ging nh thi vit TOEFL, ni cc bn th hin phong cch vit hp dn, kh nng s dng ngn ng thnh tho, trong bi vit Analytical Writing, cc bn th hin t duy critical thinking ca mnh. Vi Analytical Writing Issue, cc bn th hin kh nng lp lun bo v quan im ca mnh v mt vn no ; cn trong Analytical Writing Argument, bn hc cch tn cng nhng lun c khng thuyt phc ca ngi khc. Bi Argument thng d vit hn l Issue.

Khi luyn nhiu v Analytical Writing, cc bn s hiu hn v cch t duy ca ngi M: cht ch v logic. Cng vi Verbal Reading, y l k nng c ch nht v c dng nhiu nht ca GRE khi hc M.

1. Issue writing task 1.1 GRE Issue Themes: Cc nhm ch chnh ca GRE Issue:

- Conforming and Tradition vs. Individuality and innovation - Practically and Utility vs. Creativity and personal enrichment - Keys to individual success and progress - Keys to societal progress and how we define it - How we obtain and advance knowledge and what constitutes knowledge

or advancement of knowledge - Objectives and methods of formal education - Value of studying history - The impact of Technology on society and on individuals - The function and value of art and science (for individuals and society) - The importance of cultural identity (custom, rituals, and ideals) - The sort of people society considers heroes or great leaders - The proper role of government business and individuals in ensuring the

well-being of society Vic phn loi cc nhm ch chnh ca GRE Issue gip ta hnh dung r hn v nhng g chng ta s vit, v trang b kin thc nn cho cc lnh vc m chng ta cn thiu. Kin thc cng phong ph, th bi vit cng nhiu thng tin tt.

1.2 Prewriting: 3- 5 pht u tin l quan trng nht trong bi Issue. Xc nh r mnh s vit g. Tuyt i khng vit ngay khi cha brain-storming xong cc . - Read prompt - paraphrase the issue: Gip hiu r bi - Summarize the opposing idea: Tm tt phn bin bi - Pick a side: Chn mt quan im bo v: ng h/Phn i

1.2.1 nh gi bi - Statement whose accuracy defends on various factors


- Statement that overlooks legitimate compelling interests (should) - Statement that raises two distinct but related issues (threshold _ main

issues) - Statement that might be true (or untrue) general but fails to account for

significant exceptional cases (only, all, must) 1.2.2 Strongly agreement or disagreement: but must at least acknowledge the contrary

view. 1.2.3 Think of reasons: Brain storming tm cc l do bo v quan im ca mnh

Mt cch n gin l ch trch cc i lp nng quan im ca mnh ln. i. Turn it around: Li vn sang mt lnh vc khc, xem xt

mt gc cnh khc lm cho i lp tr nn tm thng ii. Trivialize it: H thp tm quan trng ca i lp

iii. Appeal to broader considerations: Xem xt vn phm vi rng hn, lm i lp tr nn nh b

iv. Lesser of 2 evils: Chng t rng nhc im ca ng h thp hn nhiu nhc im ca i lp

v. Greater of 2 virtues: So snh u im ca ng h ln hn nhiu so vi u im ca i lp.

1.2.4 Tm v d: trong cc category sau: b. Environmental c. Historical d. Psychological e. Sociological f. Economic g. Political h. Geographical i. Ideological

Bn a ra lp lun, th phi a ra cc v d, s liu chng t cc lp lun ca mnh l ng. Cc category gip bn bit r nn tm v d u. Ch : Avoid hypothetical / personal examples: Trnh nhng v d mang tnh gi thuyt, hoc nhng v d c nhn.

1.2.5 La chn Template cho bi: (P: Paragraph) A. P1: main reason for your position -> counterpoint -> rebuttal

P2: second reason -> counterpoint -> rebuttal P3: third reason -> counterpoint -> rebuttal

Or 1 reason with 3 examples P1, P2, P3 B. P1: One reason support

P2: Another reason support P3: Another reason support


P4: Chief counter argument -> rebuttal C. P1: Chief counter argument

P2: Another counter argument P3: Reason + support P4: Reason + support

D. P1 + P2 : Area + examples Support one position P3 + P4 : Area + examples Support contrary position

E. P1 + P2 : Counter argument -> rebuttal P3 + P4: Counter argument + rebuttal

3 template u thng xuyn c dng. c bit l template C. When use which? Da vo vn ca topic m chn template (A, B, C, D, E) ph hp.

A: agree and disagree strongly B: One strong argument against your position C: More than one strong argument against your position D: Two contrary positions are equally strong E: Two or more reasons in support of an opposing position

1.3 Cc yu cu ca m bi/kt lun ti, cc mu m bi/kt lun, cch chuyn gia

cc on ca thn bi: INTRODUCTION: Mt m bi tt cn c cc sau:

1. Understand the complexity of the Topic/Paraphrase/ Question to topic 2. Point out opposing idea (optional) 3. Clear Position 4. Reasons

Example: y l 2 template m bi xut hin nhiu trong cc Issue mu Whether ___P___ depends on variety of factors. However/ Nevertheless, since/

because __R1__ and __R2__, I agree with ____ Opposing idea: In asserting that ___P___ the speaker fails to acknowledge ____.

Nevertheless, I agree ___ P: Problem, R1, R2: Reason 1, Reason 2

CONCLUSION: Mt kt lun y cn c: 1. In sum/ In conclusion/ In the final analysis, 2. Restate your position 3. Briefly mention your examples again 4. (Optional) some general sentence/ view about topic :

a. Prediction b. Suggestion


c. Final thought d. Quote

BODY (3-4 paragraphs) 1. Connections

1st Paragraph: To begin with, In the first place, Most importantly, Firstly, First and foremost, The primary reason why I .

2nd Paragraph: In action, Secondly, Next consider/ the next reasons Last Paragraph: Finally, Last but not least

2. Topic sentence : Just introduce a reason, no details 3. Explanation for reason 4. Examples + show in sight/ relevance to reason 5. (Optional) Concluding sentence- remind reader about reason & examples y l cch vit dng h thp mt opposing point:

- Although it might appear that - Upon first impression, . Seems - At first glance it would seem/ appear that and then - However , in reality, actually when viewed more closely, further

observation shows

2. Arguments Vi argument, quan trng nht l phi tm trong bi ra t nht 3 im yu (weak point), theo cc dng im yu c bn c cp di y. Khi tm c im yu ri, th vic tn cng chng kh n gin.

2.1 Prewriting: 3-5 1. Cn tm trong bi:

- Conclusion: Kt lun. - Premises: Cc dn chng. - Assumptions: L cc suy lun c n trong bi, thng khng thy c

trc tip. Chng ta cn tn cng vo cc assumtion khng tt - y l cc im yu ca bi. V d: Ca hng A chuyn vo trung tm thnh ph v kinh doanh thun li. Ca hng B cng nn chuyn v trung tm thnh ph kinh doanh c thun li. Conclusion: Ca hng B nn chuyn v trung tm thnh ph kinh doanh thun li Premise: Ca hng A chuyn vo trung tm thnh ph v kinh doanh thun li Assumption: Ca hng A kinh doanh thun li l do chuyn v trung tm thnh ph.


2. Cc dng suy lun yu:

a) Cause and Effect with: (i) Mere Correlation (ii) Mere Temporal V d: Bn A n chui. Sau bn A thi trt. Do n chui s khin ngi ta thi trt. Assumption: Bn A thi trt l do n chui. Weak point: Hai hnh ng/s kin khng lin quan n nhau nhng ng cnh nhau to cm gic s kin ny gy ra s kin kia: Vic n chui khng h lin quan n thi hay trt.

b) Certain Condition is sufficient/ necessary for certain outcome: V d v ca hng A v B trn. Weak point: S kin X ch l 1 trong nhiu nguyn nhn c th to nn s kin Y khng th kt lun X gy ra Y: Ca hng A kinh doanh thun li c th c rt nhiu l do: uy tn, quan h khch hng, cht lng sn phm, etc, ch khng ch do a im.

c) Condition will remain unchanged: V d: 10 nm trc, cng ty A pht trin sn phm P, v bn chy. Hin nay, 10 nm sau, cng ty A nn tip tc pht trin sn phm P bn chy. Assumption: Hin nay sn phm P s bn chy v trc kia 10 nm n bn chy. Weak point: Cho rng iu kin khng thay i theo thi gian: Sau 10 nm, rt nhiu thay i din ra, nn nhng kt lun trc kia ca sn phm A khng chc cn ng na.

d) Characteristics of a Group apply to each member: Mt nghin cu cho bit ngi dn M ni chung thng i lm mun. Do , c th kt lun l ngi dn New York i lm mun. Assumption: Kt qu nghin cu M ng vi NY. Weak point: Mt kt qu chung cha chc ng vi mi thnh vin: Ngi NY c th i lm sm, nhng dn cc vng khc i lm mun cng dn n kt qu ngi dn nc M i lm mun.

e) Potentially unrepresentative Statistical Sample Mt nghin cu cho thy ngi dn New York thng i lm mun. Nh vy ngi dn M thng i lm mun. Assumption: Kt qu kho st NY ng vi M Weak point: ng nhin mt kt qu ng cc b khng th p dng mt phm vi ln hn. Chng c thng tin g cho bit ngi dn cc vng khc M i lm sm hay mun.

f) Tainted results from survey or Poll (credible/unbiased):


Mt kho st vi 3 sinh vin trong mt lp hc 100 sinh vin cho thy 2 trong s ny (66%) rt khng thch gio s. Vy c th thy sinh vin trong lp khng thch gio s. Assumption: Kt qu kho st l ng tin cy. Weak point: Mt kho st tin hnh khng tin cy, do (i) s lng mu qu t (ii) i tng kho st khng khch quan (v d hi m bn xem bn c p trai/xinh gi khng ). Kho st ch vi 3 sinh vin th khng ni ln c iu g.

g) Weak analogy between two things: Rng A c lnh cm sn bn nn ng vt qu him c bo tn. Vy rng B cng nn cm sn bn bo tn ng vt qu him. Assumption: Nhng g ng vi Rng A th s ng vi Rng B. Weak point: So snh gia hai s kin/s vt khng tng ng nhau: Rng A v Rng B rt khc nhau v sinh thi, v tr a l, thi quen sinh sng ca ngi dn nhng iu ng vi Rng A cha chc p dng c vi Rng B. Nu dn rng B khng c thi quen sn bn, th c cm sn bn hay khng cng khng c ngha.

Wording: Mt s t thng dng khi trong lp lun ca Argument

1. Contrast: However, nevertheless, on the contrary, in contrast, but 2. Examples: For instance, for examples, specifically, perhaps 3. Emphasis: Even (if), indeed, in fact, truly 4. Cause-Effect: Hence, so, thus, therefore, consequently 5. Additional: In addition, moreover, furthermore, then, again, also, besides


VI. NGY THI: - Trc khi thi 1 tun, nn gim cng hc, u c th thi. - Hy m bo bn thi th full-test lin tc trong 3 ting ri nhiu ln,

quen vi cng cng thng trong phng thi. - i ng sm, n phng thi ng gi. Dng mi hot ng hc hnh vo

m trc khi thi. - Chun b 3 bt ch, ty, ng h bm giy. - Lm bi thi ht sc tp trung. kh hay d khng quan trng, vn ch

l lm ht sc mnh. ng mc tiu im chc nh hng n mnh. - Tnh to v chnh xc. Kim tra nhiu ln. Trnh nhng sai st mt im

khng ng c. - Xong !!! Bn lm tt nht nhng g c th. Gi bn xng ng c

ngh ngi

VII. LI KT: Ngy ti hc GRE v lm h s du hc M, rt nhiu ngi gip ti. Hm nay, ti hi vng nhng kinh nghim ca mnh s gip c phn no cho cc bn ang tip tc trn con ng y, v y cng l li cm n ca ti dnh cho nhng ngi i trc. Du hc M l mt c m ln; nhng g cc bn s nhn c hon ton xng ng vi cng sc cc bn b ra. Chc cc bn c mt k thi may mn, v mt k apply thnh cng. Ti liu ny c s dng cc kin thc tng hp trong cc sch dy GRE ca Barron, Princeton v mt s sch khc. Nu cc bn s dng cc thng tin trong ti liu ny cho cc mc ch khc ngoi hc tp, cn c s ng ca tc gi.


I. M U:II. MY FIRST LESSONBt u khi no?

III. GRE QUANTITATIVE1. Nhn xt chung:2. Cc li thng gy mt im trong bi thi:3. Phn phi thi gian lm bi4. Cc thut ng Ton5. Cc dng bi chnh6. KT LUN

IV. GRE VERBAL1. Phng php hc t vng:2. Tactics3. Th t lm tng phn trong mi section Verbal:

V. ANALYTICAL WRITING1. Issue writing task2. Arguments

VI. NGY THI:VII. LI KT:

gre tactics

Documents