Download - HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
1/52
3. Packet Data Transferacross EGPRS and
WCDMA networks
Dr. David Soldani([email protected], tel. +358.50.3633527)
S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology for Ph.D. students at TKK
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
2/52
2 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Outline
Packet data through EGPRS networks
User plane protocols
Control plan protocols
Radio channels and frame structure
Packet data through (enhanced) WCDMA networks User plane protocols
Control plan protocols
Radio channels and timing HSPA fundamentals
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
3/52
3 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
EGPRS: UP protocol stacks
Relay
Network
Service
GTP-U
Application
IP
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF L1bisGSM RF
BSSGP
L1bis
Relay
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
GTP-U
IP
Um Gb Gn Gi
MS BSS SGSN GGSN
Network
Service
UDPUDP
BSC
BTS
10
11
12 13
0 1
2 3
6
4 5
7 8 9
Packet Control Unit (PCU)
• MAC/RLC functions
Channel Coding Unit (CCU)• L1 functions
Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP)• Header compression/decompression (e.g. TCP/IP)
• Mux N-PDUs (same QoS) of NSAPI(s) onto LLC-SAPI
• Segmentation/reassembly of LLC frames of max length
SNDCP
Logical Link Control Protocol (LLC)
• AM, UM and ciphering
• Mux of LLC frames onto BSSGP virtual connections
LLC
Radio Link CP (RLC)
• Segmentation/reassembly RLC PDUs• AM, UM
RLC
MAC
Medium Access CP (MAC)
• Share of PDCHs between MSs• Allows MS to used more PDCHs
BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP)
• SGSN-BSS flow control• PTP, PTM and signaling peers
BSSGP
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
4/524 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Abis
BSC SGSNBTS
CCU
CCU
UmGb
PCU
Packet-switchingCircuit-switchingGn
GGSN
Packet-switching
MS
MS
One tunnel per PDP Context(NSAPI, TLLI, TEID)
LLC connection: BSS Packet Flow Context (PFC)= Mux of N-PDUs from one or more NSAPIs
(DLCI(s) = TLLI + SAPI(s))(LLC–SAPI = NSAP(s))
BSS Virtual Connection= Mux of LLC frames
(BVCI = Cell ID)
One RR connection (TBF)over one or more PDCH(s)
( TS(s) )
RR (RLC/MAC) Connection:Temporary Block Flow (TBF)
( TFI)
PCU Frames
Radio Block(s) (4 bursts each = 20ms) on PDTCHCS 1 – CS 4 (GPRS)
MCS 1 – MCS 9 (EGPRS)(M-CS)
One BSS context per MS
• BSS PFCs (PFIs)
• Aggregate BSS QoS Profile(s)
One MM context per MS
• PDP context(s)
• QoS Profile(s)
• Radio priority (UL)
• PFI(s)
• Aggregate BSS QoS Profile(s)
• PDP context(s)
• QoS Profile(s)
• TFT(s)One MM context
• PDP context(s)
• QoS Profile(s)
• TFT(s)
• Radio priority (UL)
• PFI(s)
Ex t ern al
PDN
EGPRS: End-to-end data transmission
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
5/525 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
R98: GPRS channel coding
For a Radio Block (RB) carrying a RLC data block,
where 1 Radio Block = 4 bursts (20 ms)
Note: 1 GMSK symbol = 1 bit
Scheme Code rate Radio block size
(Bytes)
Modulation Data rate
(kb/s)
Data rate excluding
RLC/MAC headers (kb/s)
CS-1 ½ 23 GMSK 9.05 8
CS-2 ≈ 2/3 34 GMSK 13.4 12
CS-3 ≈ 3/4 39 GMSK 15.6 14.4
CS-4 1 54 GMSK 21.4 20
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
6/52
6 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
R99: EGPRS channel coding
For RB carrying one or more RLC data blocks
Note: 1 8PSK symbol = 3 bits
Scheme Code rate Header Code rate Modulation RLC blocks per
Radio Block (20ms)
Raw Data within
one Radio Block
Data rate
(kb/s)
MCS-9 1.0 0.36 2 2x592 59.2
MCS-8 0.92 0.36 2 2x544 54.4
MCS-7 0.76 0.36 2 2x448 44.8
MCS-6 0.49 1/3 1 592
48 +544
29.6
27.2
MCS-5 0.37 1/3
8PSK
1 448 22.4
MCS-4 1.0 0.53 1 352 17.6
MCS-3 0.85 0.53 1 296
48 +248 and 296
14.8
13.6
MCS-2 0.66 0.53 1 224 11.2
MCS-1 0.53 0.53
GMSK
1 176 8.8
NOTE: The italic captions indicate the 6 octets (48 bits) of padding when retransmitting an MCS-8 block with MCS-3 or
MCS-6. For MCS-3, the 6 octets of padding are sent every second block.
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
7/52
7 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
EGPRS: CP protocol stacks
For controlling and supporting UP functions
Um GbMS BSS 2G-SGSN
GMM/SM
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
BTS
BSSGP
Relay
RLC
MAC
GSM RF L1bis
Network
Service
BSCGMM/SM
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
Network
Service
GTP-C
UDP
IP
L1
L2
GTP-C
UDP
IP
L1
L2
Gn
GGSN
0 1
2 3
4 5
6 7
GPRS Mobili ty and Session Management (GMM/SM)
• GMM: GPRS attach/detach, security, RA update
• SM: PDP context activation, modification and deactivation
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
8/52
8 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Radio channels and frame structure
A physical channel is defined as a sequence of
TDMA frames, a time slot (TS or TSL) number
(modulo 8) and a frequency hopping sequence (FHS)
Logical channels are defined based on the type of
information carried over the air interface
Dedicated channels (allocated to an MS)
Common channels
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
9/52
9 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Multi-frame structure for PDCH
B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5 X B6 B7 B8 T B9 B10 B11 X
= 1 TDMA Frame (8 Time Slots, 4.615 ms)
X = Idle frame, used by the MS for signal measurements and BSIC identification
T = Frame used for PTCCH (Packet Timing advance Control Channel)B0 - B11 = Radio blocks
1 Multi-frame = 52 TDMA Frames
B0
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
10/52
10 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Mapping of packet data channels (1/2)
Downlink
B0: PBCCH when allocated, and if required up to 3 more
blocks on the same PDCH can be used as additional PBCCHs On any PDCH with a PCCCH (with or without PBCCH), up to
the next 12 blocks in the ordered list of blocks are used for the
PPCH, PAGCH, PNCH, PDTCH or PACCH On a PDCH that does not contain a PCCCH, all blocks can be
used as the PDTCH or PACCH
Uplink On an uplink PDCH that contains a PCCCH, all blocks in the
multi-frame can be used as the PRACH, PDTCH or PACCH
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
11/52
11 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Mapping of packet data channels (2/2)
Possible channel combinations are
PBCCH + PCCCH + PDTCH + PACCH + PTCCH
BCCH + PCCCH + PDTCH + PACCH + PTCCH BCCH + CCCH + PDTCH + PACCH + PTCCH
Where PCCCH = PNCH, PAGCH, PPCH and PRACH
CCCH = NCH, AGCH, PCH and RACH
Multi-slot configuration
Multiple CS or PS traffic channels together with associated control
channels, allocated to the same MS
Up to 8 basic physical channels, with different TS numbers, but withsame frequency parameters (ARFCN or MA, MAIO and HSN) and TSC
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
12/52
12 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
3G: Functional grouping of protocols
Access (AS) and Non-Access Stratum (NAS)
UTRAN CNUu Iu
Non-Access Stratum
CC,MM,GMM,SM (c-plane)"RAB (u-plane)"
CM,MM,GMM,SM (c-plane)"RAB (u-plane)"
Access Stratum
Radio
protocolsRadio
protocols
Iu
protocols
Iu
protocols
UE
UE domain Access Network Domain Core Network Domain
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
13/52
13 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
WCDMA
L1 Physical
Data Link
Layer
FP
R6: PS-domain UP protocol stacks
Physical
Data Link
Layer
UDP
GTP
IP
Physical
Data Link
Layer
UDP
GTP
IP
Physical
Data Link
Layer
UDPGTP
IP
IP
IP
Data
Link Layer
Physical
3G SGSN GGSN
Uu Iu Gn
IP
Data
Link Layer
Physical
TCP/UDP
Appl. prot.
Peer Appl.
Gi
Data
Link Layer
Physical
TCP/UDP
Appl. prot.
TE
R
SRNCNode B
IP
WCDMA
L1
IP
Data
Link Layer
Physical
MT
RLC
PDCP
UDP
GTP
IP
Physical
Data Link
Layer
Physical
Data Link
Layer
MAC-d/c/es
FP
RLCPDCP
MAC-d/c/es
IP
Iub
01
23
4 56 7
10 11
12 13 14 15
9
MAC-e/hsMAC-e/hs
8
Bearer service (BS) Service Access Point (SAP)
Service applications 0 1
Network services 2 3UMTS bearer service 4 5
Radio Access Bearer service 4 7
Core network bearer service 7 5
Radio Bearer service 4 6
RAN Access bearer service 6 7
Backbone network service 10 11Physical bearer service 12 (14) 13 (15)
UTRA FDD 8 9
Radio Link Control Protoc ol (RLC)
• AM (Automatic Repeat reQuest ARQ), UM or TM
• Ciphering for Non-TM
• Each RLC link ID = Bearer ID
Medium Access Control Protocol (MAC)• Ciphering for TM-RLC
• Logical channels multiplexing
• TFC selection over TFCS
• Scheduling of FACH, E-DCH and HS-DSCH
• HARQ for E-DCH and HS-DSCH
• TFCI/TFRI selection for E-DCH/HSDPA
• Traffic volume and buffer occupancy measurements
There is a one-to-one
correspondence between the PDP
context, UMTS bearer and RAB, as
well as between the RAB and the
radio bearer service, which,
however, can be carried by more
transport channels of the sametype at the radio interface
Packet Data Convergence Protoco l (PDCP)• Header compression/decompression (e.g. TCP/IP)
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
14/52
14 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
R6: PS-domain CP protocol stacks
Signalling Bearer
PHY
FP
RRC
PHY
WCDMA
L1
FP
WCDMA
L1
RRC
IubUu RNCNode BUE
RLC-C
MAC
RLC-C
MAC
GMM /
SM / SMS
RANAP
SCCP
PHY
3G SGSN
GMM /
SM / SMS
Signalling Bearer
RANAP
SCCP
PHY
Iu
Data Link Layer
Data Link Layer
Data Link Layer
Data Link Layer
RelayUDP
IP
GGSN
GTP-C
PHY
Data Link Layer
Gn
UDP
IP
GTP-C
PHY
Data Link Layer
The RRC connection is defined as a PTP bidirectional
connection between RRC peer entities in the UE and UTRAN
A UE has either zero or one RRC connection
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
15/52
15 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
UTRA FDD radio interface protocols
L3
c o n t r
o l
c o n t r
o l
c o n t r
o l
c o n t r
o l
Logical
Channels
Transport
Channels
C-plane signalling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLC
BMCL2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
Radio
Bearers
RRC
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
16/52
16 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Logical channels (LoCHs)
Define the transfer of a specific type of information
over the radio interface
The logical channels are divided into Control channels (CCH) used for transfer of control plane
information
Traffic channels (TCH) used for the transfer of user plane
information only
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
17/52
17 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Transport channels (TCHs)
Specified for data transport between physical
layer and Layer 2 peer entities
Two types of transport channels exist Common transport channel (CTCH) is a resource
divided between all or a group of users in a cell (in-band ID
for users needed)
Dedicated transport channel (DTCH) is by definition
reserved for a single user
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
18/52
18 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Physical channels (PhCHs)
Physical channels are defined by a carrier frequency,
scrambling code, channelisation code (optional),
time duration (start and stop instants) and, in theuplink, relative phase (0 or /2)
A radio frame (38 400 chips = 10 ms) is a processing
duration which consists of 15 slots (15 x 2560 chips)
A sub-frame (3 slots = 2 ms) is the basic time interval
for E-DCH and HS-DSCH transmission and relatedsignaling at the physical layer
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
19/52
19 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Mapping of LoCHs onto TCHs
BCH PCH FACH DCH
BCCH CCCHPCCH
RACH
Logical
ChannelsCTCH
DCH
CCCH DTCH/DCCH DTCH/DCCH
TransportChannels
Uplink Downlink
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
BCH Broadcast Channel
CCCH Common Control Channel
CCH Control Channel
CTCH Common Traffic Channel
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel
DCH Dedicated Channel
DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel
E-DCH Enhanced-DCH
FACH Forward Access Channel
HS-DSCH High Speed-Downlink Shared Channel
MCCH MBMS point-to-multipoint Control Channel
MSCH MBMS point-to-multipoint Scheduling
MTCH MBMS point-to-multipoint Traffic Channel
PCCH Paging Control Channel
PCH Paging Channel
RACH Random Access Channel
HS-DSCHE-DCH
MCCH/MSCH MTCH
MAC SA
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
20/52
20 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
RRC states in connected mode
Establish RRCconnection
Release RRCconnection
UTRA RRC Connected Mode
URA_PCH CELL_PCHGSM
ConnectedMode
Establish RRConnectionRelease RRConnection
Idle Mode
Camping on a UTRAN cell Camping on a GSM / GPRS cell
GPRS Packet Idle Mode
GPRSPacket
TransferMode
Initiation oftemporary
block flow
Release oftemporary
block flowCell
reselection
out of service inservice
CELL_FACH
out of service
inservice
out of service
inservice
CS Inter-RAT
Handover
PS Handover(3GPP R6)
CELL_DCH
Release RRCconnection
Establish RRCconnection
• BCCH, PCCH
• BCH, PCH
• URA updates
• DCCH, DTCH
• DPCH, HS-DSCH, E-DCH
• BCCH, PCCH• BCH, PCH
• Cell updates
• BCCH, PCCH, CTCH/CCCH, DTCH/DCCH
• BCH, PCH, FACH, RACH
• Cell updates
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
21/52
21 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
TRANSPORT CHANNELSDCH
RACH
BCH
FACH
PCH
HS-DSCH
E-DCH
Mapping of TCHs onto PhCHsPHYSICAL CHANNELSDedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel (F-DPCH)
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-DPDCH)
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel (E-DPCCH)
E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel (E-AGCH)
E-DCH Relative Grant Channel (E-RGCH)
E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (E-HICH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
Synchronization Channel (SCH)
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
MBMS Notification Indicator Channel (MICH)
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
HS-DSCH-related Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (uplink) for HS-DSCH (HS-DPCCH)
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
22/52
22 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Example of L2 (MAC)-L1data exchange
Transport
Block Set
(TBS) DCH2
T T I
DCH1
T T I
T B
Transport Block
Transport Block
Transport Block
T B
T B
Transmission Time Interval
T T I
T T I
T T I
Transport Format(TF)
Transport Format Set(TFS)
Transport Format Combination(TFC)
Transport Format Combination Set(TFCS)
t
t
HS-DSCH
TB TB TB
T T I T T IT T I
t
T B T B T B
TransportBlock(TB)
T T I = multiple of minimum interleaving
period (10 ms) =10, 20, …,80 ms
T T I = 2 ms
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
23/52
23 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
k:th S-CCPCH
AICH access
slots
Secondary
SCH
Primary
SCH
τS-CCPCH,k
10 ms
τPICH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 1
τDPCH,n
P-CCPCH
Any CPICH
PICH for k:th
S-CCPCH
Any PDSCH
n:th DPCH
Subframe#0
HS-SCCH
Subframes
Subframe#1
Subframe#2
Subframe#3
Subframe#4
τF-DPCH,pp:th F-DPCH
Radio frame and slot timing
Slot synchronization
Radio frame synchronization and P-SC
Phase reference for SCH, P/S-CCPCH, AICH and PICH
SFN – Timing ref. for all PhCHs
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
24/52
24 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
R6: Physical layers models – UL
1 CCTrCH (RACH) or 2 CCTrCH (RACH + E-DCH) 1 RACH CCTrCH = 1 RACH (no multiplexing)
1 E-DCH CCTrCH = 1 E-DCH TrCH, which is carried onthe E-DPDCH(s) physical channel(s)
1 HS-DPCCH employed for reporting
HS-DSCH transport block acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
1 E-DPCCH physical channel carries
E-DCH TFCI E-DCH HARQ information
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
25/52
25 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
R6: Physical layers models – DL (1/2)
Multiple CCTrCHs can be transmitted simultaneously to one UE
Pilot, TPC bits and TFCI are time-multiplexed with complex
scrambling onto the same dedicated physical channel TPC bits are on F-DPCH(s) for HS-DSCH(s) without a DCH
A PCH and one or several FACHs can be encoded and
multiplexed together, forming a CCTrCH A PCH is associated with a separate PICH
BCH always mapped onto P-CCPCH without any other TCH
Each HS-SCCH carries HS-DSCH-related L1 signaling for oneUE (i.e., TFRI, HARQ info and UE Id via UE-specific CRC) for
each HS-DSCH TTI
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
26/52
26 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
R6: Physical layers models – DL (2/2)
E-DCH active set can be ≤ DCH active set
E-DCH ACK/NACK are transmitted on E-HICH
E-DCH absolute grant is transmitted by the serving E-DCHcell on the E-AGCH
E-DCH relative grants can be transmitted on E-RGCH by
each cell of the E-DCH active set There is one serving E-DCH RLS (containing the serving E-
DCH cell) and, optionally, one or several non-serving E-DCH
radio link(s) For all UE categories, the uplink DCH capability is limited to
64 kb/s when the E-DCH is configured for the radio link
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
27/52
27 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
NGB trafficGB traffic
ConversationalConversational StreamingStreaming InteractiveInteractive BackgroundBackground
AMRLC
AMRLC
AMRLC
AMRLC
TMRLC
TMRLC
DCHDCH
UMRLC
UMRLC
DCHDCH
TMRLC
TMRLC
DCHDCH
UMRLC
UMRLC
DCHDCH
AMRLC
AMRLC
DCHDCH RACH/FACHRACH/FACH (E-)DCH/DCH(E-)DCH/DCH(E-)DCH/HS-DSCH(E-)DCH/HS-DSCH
PS domainCS domain
Mapping of bearers onto TCHs
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
28/52
28 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: Fundamental features
Included in HSDPA Excluded from HSDPAEnhanced inHSDPA
SoftHandover
Fast powerControl
Variable SF
AdaptiveModulationand Codes
EnhancedPacket
Scheduler
TTI = 2 ms
H-ARQ
Multi-codeoperation
BasicWCDMA
technology
TF semi-
staticattributes
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
29/52
29 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: Radio channels – DL (1/2)
HS-DSCH Defined in R5 and later releases and time/code shared by several
terminals
No fast PC, but link adaptation by varying effective coding rate (HARQ),number OVSF codes and modulation (QPSK/16QAM)
Data channel always associated with a DPCH (or F-DPCH) and one orseveral HS-SCCHs for related L1 signaling transmission
TF: dynamic part (TB size; redundancy version/constellation; andmodulation scheme), static part (TTI = 2ms; turbo-coding 1/3; and CRC= 24 bits)
Mapped onto HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH Data channel with SF = 16, multi-code transmission (up to 15 Walsh or
OVSF codes), QPSK or 16QAM modulation
Transmitted over the entire cell or over only part of the cell using, e.g.using beam-forming antennas
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
30/52
30 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: Radio channels – DL (2/2)
HS-SCCH
Fixed-rate physical channel (SF =128) used to carry
downlink L1 signaling related to downlink HS-DSCHtransmission
UE ID mask, which identifies the user to be served in the next TTI
TFRI (TB size, modulation scheme and n. of OVSF codes per TTI) HARQ-related information (new data unit or a retransmission that
should be combined, associated ARQ process and information
about the redundancy version)
HS-SCCH power slow power control (offset relative to thepilot bits of the associated DPCH)
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
31/52
31 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: Radio channels – UL (1/1)
HS-DPCCH
Fixed-rate (SF 256) used to carry HARQ acknowledgement
(ACK/NACK) and channel quality indication (CQI)One HS-DPCCH on each radio link
Can only exist together with an uplink DPCCH for its power
control operation, the DPDCH is used as a return channeland user data transmission in UL
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
32/52
32 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: physical layer structureSlot
CQI ACK
U p l i n k
D o w n l i n k
DL associated DPCH or F-DPCH(for each HSDPA user)
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH #1
HS-PDSCH #15
UL associated DPCH (for
each HSDPA user)
HS-DPCCH
2ms TTI ∼ 7.5 slots
CQI CQI
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
33/52
33 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: UTRAN end MAC architecture
M A C - h s
MACControl
HS-DSCH
P r i o r i t y Q u e u e
d i s t r i b u t i o n
Associated Uplink Signalling(HS-DPCCH)
M A C - d f l o w s
P r i o r i t y
Q
u e u e
P r i o r i t y
Q u e u e
P r i o r i t y
Q u e u e
P r i o r i t y
Q u e u e
F l o w C o n t r : M A C - s h a n d M A C - d
To MAC-d flow 1
S c h e d u l i n g / P
r i o r i t y
h a n d l i n g
P r i o r i t y Q u e u e
d i s t r i b u t i o n
Associated Downlink Signalling(HS-SCCH)
Max 15 Logical channels per MAC-d
flow (UE) using different
Channel/Type field (C/T) in MAC-d
header, Scheduling Priority Indicator
(SPI = 0-15) in NBAP and CmCH-PI
in FP using different AAL2 CID
Max 8 priority queues per MAC-d flow
and per UE (RRC connection)
H A R Q e n t i t y
T F R C s e l e c t i o n
One per UE (RRC connection)
To MAC-d flow 2
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
34/52
34 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: peer-to-peer communication (1/2)
MAC-d PDU (HS-DSCH) Format equals the format for non HS-DSCH case
MAC PDU (HS-DSCH)One MAC-hs header
One or more MAC-hs SDUs where each MAC-hs SDU
equals a MAC-d PDU A maximum of one MAC-hs PDU can be transmitted in a
TTI per UE
The MAC-hs header is of variable size The MAC-hs SDUs in one TTI belongs to the same
reordering queue
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
35/52
35 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: peer-to-peer communication (2/2)
Queue ID TSN SID1 N1 F1 SID2 N2 F2 SIDk Nk Fk
MAC-hs header MAC-hs SDU Padding (opt)MAC-hs SDU
Mac-hs payload
VF
MAC SDUC/T
MAC-hs PDU
MAC-d PDU
MAC SDUC/T
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
36/52
36 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: adaptive modulation and coding
Highest 1st Tx throughput
MCS1 is the most spectral
efficient allocation
Channelisation Code Capacity (kb/s)
R e c e i v e d D a
t a B i t E b
/ N 0
( l i n e
a r s c a l e )
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
0.5
1.5
1
0
2.5
2
3
3.5
4
Theoretical Link Capacity
Link Level Simulation
Code Efficiency
P o w e r E f f i c i e n c y
MCS 1
(QPSK, ¼)
MCS 2
(QPSK, ½)
MCS 3
(QPSK, ¾)
MCS4
(16 QAM, ½)
MCS 5
(16 QAM, ¾)
MCS ModulationEffective
Coding RateBits per TTI
Peak Rate with 1 code
(kb/s)
1 1/4 240 120
2 1/2 480 240
3
QPSK
3/4 720 360
4 1/2 960 480
5 16 QAM 3/4 1440 720
700 kb/s x 15 OVSF codes = 10.5 Mb/s
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
37/52
37 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: AMC and multi-code Tx
Higher order MCS when all available codes are used
is the most spectral efficient allocation
O p t i m a l n u m b e r o f c o d e s
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Num. available codes ≤ 15
Num. available codes ≤ 5
Instantaneous Es/N0 per TTI (dB)
O p t i m a l M
C S
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25
2
1
3
4
5
15
5
0
10
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
38/52
38 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: Link Adaptation (LA)
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
Reported based on RRC commands
Period: 2, 4, 8, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 ms
Power measurements on associated DL DPCH
HARQ Acknowledgement (DL “BLER”)
MAC/hs buffer size
(Optimal link adaptation functionality makes use of
all the above information)
HSDPA f t H b id ARQ
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
39/52
39 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: fast Hybrid ARQ
Stop And Wait (SAW) protocol One HARQ entity handles the hybrid ARQ functionality for one user
Tx of current TB until it has been successfully received before initiating
Tx of the next one Up to 8 SAW-ARQ processes may transmit in parallel over different TTIs
for a UE (RRC-connection)
Chase combining (CC) Every retransmission is simply a replica of the coded word employed for
the first transmission
The decoder at the receiver combines these multiple copies of thetransmitted packet weighted by the received SNR prior to decoding
Incremental redundancy (IR) Retransmissions include additional redundant information that is
incrementally transmitted if the decoding fails on the first attempt
This causes the effective coding rate to increase with the number ofretransmissions
HSDPA MAC/h fl t l
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
40/52
40 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
RNC BS
HSDPA: MAC/hs flow control
TS 25.321: Flow control is provided independently by
MAC-d flow for a given MAC-hs entity
MAC-hs userdata buffer
Flow Control
MAC-d buffer
NBAP: QoS information from RNC
DT (Discard Timer)
RNC Control
Point
HS-DSCH Data FramePacket
Scheduler
HS-DSCH Capacity Allocation
HSDPA fl t l h i
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
41/52
41 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: flow control mechanism
Highthreshold
Lowthreshold
MAC-hs buffer size(per MAC-hs entity)
“High” timerexpires
“Low” timerexpires
Time
Decrease numberof CRedits
Increase number ofCRedits
HSDPA MAC/h k t h d li
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
42/52
42 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSDPA: MAC/hs packet scheduling
For each TTI, PS determines which UE (RRC
connection and thus which priority queue), or UEs
(code-multiplexing), the HS-DSCH should beallocated to and, in collaboration with the link
adaptation mechanism, at what data rate
Scheduling principles
Radio resources allocated sequentially (round-robin
scheduling among RRC connection)
Channel and priority dependent scheduling
HSUPA F d t l f t
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
43/52
43 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSUPA: Fundamental features
Faster uplinks with lower latency and improves RL
efficiency without changing uplink modulation
The main characteristics of HSUPA are Node B controlled uplink scheduling
HARQ protocol between the UE and Node B
Possibility of shorter TTI (2 ms) and smaller SF
Effective
Coding Rate
User data rate with
1 code (kb/s)
User data rate with
2 codes (Mb/s)
User data rate with
4 codes (Mb/s)
User data rate with
6 codes (Mb/s)2/3 640 1.28 2.56 3.84
3/4 720 1.44 2.88 4.32
4/4 960 1.92 3.84 5.76
HSUPA: Radio channels UL
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
44/52
44 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSUPA: Radio channels – UL
E-DCH
Available in 3GPP R6 and later releases
Possibility of changing rate each TTI
Supports inner-loop power control and link adaptation by varying the effectivecoding (HARQ), spreading factor and transmission power
TF: dynamic part (TB size and redundancy version), semi-static part (TTI 2 or10 ms), static part (turbo-coding 1/3, size of CRC = 24 bits)
Mapped onto E-DPDCH
E-DPCH
E-DPDCH and E-DPCCH I/Q code-multiplexed with complex scrambling
E-DPDCH supports multi-code transmission and SF from 256 down to 2
One E-DPCCH with SF 256 transmits L1 control information associated with E-DCH (E-TFCI = TB size, RSN, happy bit)
E-DPCCH is transmitted with a power offset relative to the DPCCH
HSUPA: Radio channels DL
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
45/52
45 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSUPA: Radio channels – DL
E-RGCH
Fixed-rate physical channel with SF 128 carrying uplink E-
DCH relative grants E-AGCH
Fixed-rate physical channel with SF 256 carrying uplink E-
DCH absolute grants
E-HICH
Fixed-rate physical channel with SF 128 carrying the uplink
E-DCH HARQ acknowledgement indicator
HSPA: physical layer models
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
46/52
46 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
Node B1
UE
Node B2
Node B3
Cell d3
E-DPDCH(E-DCH) / E-DPCCH (E-TFCI, RSN, Happy bit)
DPDCH (CCTrCH) / DPCCH (TFCI, TPC)
HS-DPCCH (HARQ ACK/NACK, CQI)
D P D C H / D P C C H
Cell 1, d1, hs, es
Cell e2, d4
Cell e1, d2
DPCH Active Set : Cell d1, d2, d3, d4E-DCH Active Set: Cell es (Serving E-DCH), e1, e2
Radio Link Set (RLS): Cell es, e1, d1, d2
D P D C
H / D P
C C H
E - R G C H ( P o
w e r : H
o l d, D o
w n )
E - H I C H
( A C K / N
A C K )
D P D C
H / D P
C C H
E - R G C
H ( P o w
e r : H o l d,
D o w n )
E - H I C H ( A
C K / N A
C K )
H S - S C
C H ( T F R
I, H A R Q ,
U E I d )
E - R G C
H ( P o w
e r : U P
, H o l d
, D o w n )
D
P D C H
( D C C
H ) / D P
C C H
H S - P D S C H
( H S - D
S C H )
E - H I C H
( A C K / N A
C K )
E - A G C
H ( M a
x P o w e
r R a t i o
, E - R N
T I )
HSPA: physical layer models
HSUPA: UE end MAC architecture
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
47/52
47 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
DCCH
DTCH
DTCH
MAC-d
M A C - h s
MACControl
M A C - c
MAC-es/e
Associated L1 Uplink Signalling E-
TFC (E-DPCCH)
H A R Q P r o c e s s e s ( E
- T F C ,
R S N , P o w e r O f f
s e t )
E - T F C
S e l e c t i o n
Associated Scheduling DL Signalling
(E-AGCH / E-RGCH(s))
Associated ACK/NACK
signalling (E-HICH)
C / T M U X
D
C H
Uplink User Data / L3
Signalling (E-DCH)
D e c i p h e r i n g
C
/ T
M
U X
U L : T F C s e l e c t i o n
C
i p h e r i n g D
C HDTCH
M u l t i p l e x i n g o f u p t o 1 5 l o g i c a l
c h a n n e l s ( 8 M A C - d f l o w s ) , D D I
a n d T S N s e t t i n g
T r a n s p o r t C
h a n n e l T y p e S w i t c h i n g
M A C - d
F l o w s
DTCH
N u m b e r i n g
N u
m b e r i n g
N u m b e r i n g
L a y e r 1
L a y e r 1
R L C
UE
HSUPA: UE-end MAC architecture
HSUPA: UTRAN end MAC architecture
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
48/52
48 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
DC
DT
DT
MAC-d
MACContr
DT
DT
MA C - d
F l o w s
RL C
D C H
D e c i ph e r i n
g
C / T M UX
DL S c h e d ul i n
g /
P r i or i t yH a n d l i n g
C i ph e r i n g
D C H
L a y e r 1
M
A C -h s
MA C - c
C / T M UX
/ DL
P r i or i t y S
e t t i n g
F l o w
C on t r ol
MAC-es/UE
F r om
MA C - e i n
N o d e B # 1
Di s a s s e m b l y
R e or d e r i n g /
C om b i ni n g
F r om
MA C - e i n
N o d e B # k
MA C - d f l o w # 1
MA C - d f l o w # n
MAC-e/UE
E-DCH
Associated DLL1 Signaling(E-HICH)
Associated ULL1 Signaling(E-DPCCH)
HAR
QP r o c e s s e s
( A C
K / NA C K )
E -D C H
C on t r ol
T r a n s p or t C h a nn e l T y p e S wi t c h i n g
Di s a s s e m b l y
R e or d e r i n g Q
u e u e
Di s t r i b u t i o
n Di s a s s e m b l y
R e or d e r i n g /
C om b i ni n g
R e or d e r i n g /
C om b i ni n g
R e or d e r i n g Q u e u e
Di s t r i b u t i on
D e -M UX
SRNC
Node B
N o d e B
E -D C H
S c h e d ul e r
HSUPA: UTRAN-end MAC architecture
HSUPA: Node B scheduling (1/2)
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
49/52
49 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSUPA: Node B scheduling (1/2)
Node B issues scheduling grants to indicate to UE the maximum amountof uplink resources it may use
Control of max E-DPDCH/DPCCH power ratio of active HARQ processes
Used only for E-DCH TFC selection algorithm in the UE
Sent once per TTI or at a slower rate
Absolute grants
E-RNTI of the UE or group of mobiles for which the grant is intended
Max E-DPDCH/DPCCH power ratio (offset) the UE is allowed to use HARQ process activation flag (in case of a 2-ms TTI)
Relative grants
Increase or decrease the resource limitation (power ratio) compared with the
previously used value From serving E-DCH RLS: ‘up’, ‘hold’ or ‘down’
From non-serving E-DCH RL: ‘hold’ or ‘down’
HSUPA: Node B scheduling (2/2)
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
50/52
50 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSUPA: Node B scheduling (2/2)
The UE requests resources from BSs in the form of schedulinginformation and happy bit
The UE is not ‘happy’ when it has power available to send data at higherrates and the total buffer content would require more than X ms to betransmitted with the current SG times the ratio of active processes to thetotal number of processes (1 for TTI 10 ms)
Scheduling information
Sent to the serving E-DCH RLS in a MAC-e PDU
Logical channel ID of the highest priority channel with data in its buffer
UE buffer occupancy: status of the highest priority logical channel with datain its buffer
UE power headroom (UPH): ratio of the maximum UE transmission power
and the corresponding DPCCH code power
HSUPA: Non-scheduled transmissions
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
51/52
51 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
HSUPA: Non-scheduled transmissions
SRNC may configure the UE for non-scheduled transmission
UE may send data at any time using the E-DCH, without
receiving any scheduling command from the Node B
Non-scheduled transmissions are defined per MAC-d flow
The resource for non scheduled transmission (non-scheduled
grant) is provided by the SRNC in terms of the maximumnumber of bits that can be included in a MAC-e PDU
The logical channels are served in the order of their
priorities until the non-scheduled grant and scheduledgrants are exhausted, or the maximum transmit power is
reached
References
-
8/20/2019 HSPA Pres 0610 Nokia
52/52
52 S-38.3215 Special Course on Networking Technology / David Soldani / Fall 2006
References
D. Soldani, M. Li and R. Cuny (eds.), QoSand QoE Management in UMTS Cellular
Systems, John Wiley and Sons, June, 2006,460 pp. http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-
0470016396.html http://www.connecting.nokia.com/NOKIA/nns.nsf/a/78786C
61AB5A7C5AC225718F0026BAA3
(contact Mr. Geoff Farrell @ Wiley [email protected] )See also:
http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2005/isbn9512278340/
http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470016396.htmlhttp://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470016396.htmlhttp://www.connecting.nokia.com/NOKIA/nns.nsf/a/78786C61AB5A7C5AC225718F0026BAA3http://www.connecting.nokia.com/NOKIA/nns.nsf/a/78786C61AB5A7C5AC225718F0026BAA3mailto:[email protected]://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2005/isbn9512278340/http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2005/isbn9512278340/mailto:[email protected]://www.connecting.nokia.com/NOKIA/nns.nsf/a/78786C61AB5A7C5AC225718F0026BAA3http://www.connecting.nokia.com/NOKIA/nns.nsf/a/78786C61AB5A7C5AC225718F0026BAA3http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470016396.htmlhttp://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470016396.html