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Introduction to Networks v5.1
Chapter 6:
Network Layer
Instructor Name: Touch Ra
23,April 2016
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6.0 Introduction
6.1 Network Layer Protocols
6.2 Routing
6.3 Routers
6.4 Configure a Cisco Router
6.5 Summary
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End to End Transport processes
Addressing end devices
Encapsulation
Routing
De-encapsulating
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Version = 0100
DS = Packet Priority
TTL = Limits life ofPacket
Protocol = Upperlayer protocol such
as TCP
Source IP Address =source of packet
Destination IP
Address =destination of packet
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IP address depletion
Internet routing table expansion
Lack of end-to-end connectivity
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Increased address space
Improved packet handling
Eliminates the need for NAT
4 billion IPv4 addresses
4,000,000,000
340 undecillion IPv6 addresses
340,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
vs.
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IPv6 has a
simplified
header
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IPv6 has a
simplified
header
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Version = 0110
Traffic Class =Priority
Flow Label = sameflow will receivesame handling
Payload Length =same as totallength
Next Header =Layer 4 Protocol
Hop Limit =Replaces TTL field
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Itself
LocalHost
RemoteHost
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Routes traffic to other networks
Has a local IP address in the same address range as other hosts on the
network
Can take data in and forward data out
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Route source Identifies how the network was learned by the router.
Destination network Identifies the destination network and how it was learned.
Outgoing interface Identifies the exit interface to use to forward a packet
toward the final destination.
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Routers require:
Central processing units (CPUs)
Operating systems (OSs)
Memory consisting of:
Random-access memory (RAM)
Read-only memory (ROM) Nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM)
Flash
The Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) is the system softwareused for most Cisco devices regardless of the size and type of thedevice.
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RAM uses the following applications and processes:
IOS and running-config
Routing table
ARP cache
Packet buffering
ROM stores the following:
Bootup information that provides the startup instructions
Power-on self-test (POST) that tests all the hardware components
Limited IOS to provide a backup version of the IOS.
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Two 4 GB flash card slots
Double-wide eHWIC slots eHWIC 0 AUX
port
LAN
interfaces
USBPorts
Console
USB Type B
Console
RJ45
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show ip route-Displays the contents ofthe IPv4 routing table
stored in RAM.
show interfaces-Displays statistics for allinterfaces on the device.
show ip interface-
Displays the IPv4statistics for all interfaceson a router.
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Thank you.