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04 editorial
08 Constant .
26 Neil Smith ; 90s
36 Rethink Gentrification: ,
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gentrification
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Constant, Haags Gemeetenmuseum, , 1974. notbored (www.notbored.org/new-babylon.html)
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1980, , Giuliani. 1. , . , , , , . . , , . Bob Herbert, , .2
. 9 1997, , Abner Louima, , . , , , . , , . , , , Gi-uliani, Dinkins. . , Louima Giuliani. .
Giuliani, , 1994 Rudolph W. Giuliani David Dinkins. Giuliani .5 (Police Strat-egy No. 5) . , William J. Bratton, , , 19 , .3
1987 1994. , . 1980 1970 , . - (geo-bribes)
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ith
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, 10 . 1990, Giuliani.
, , , Giuliani 5. , , , , , , , . .
, . . .4
, , . , . : . . Giuliani, , , , !. , .
, 1994, . . . .5 . , Giuliani , , , .
1990 Bratton , , . 1990, . , , , . ,
TIME Gi-uliani , 2001.
DAILY NEWS Abner Louima.
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, 1990, .5
90, , . 80 90. , 100.000, , , . 80, 90. 1991 , , , . 1991, Giuliani Penn Central Railroad.6
90, , : , , , , Pali-sades New Jersey. , .
.5 . Giuliani, . . . , .7
1. 19 , , , . , , . , , , . Paul Deroulede (Ligue des Patriotes), .
2. Bob Herbert, The Big Chill, New York Times, 31 May 1998, p. 17
3. Rudolph W. Giuliani, William J. Bratton, Police Strategy No. 5: Reclaiming the Public Spaces of New York (New York: Office of the Mayor, 1994)
4. .., .5
5. Sharon Lerner, Anatomy of a drug craze, Village Voice, 12 May 1998, p. 52John H. Cushman Jr., Serious crime fell in US for 6th year in a row in 1997, New York Times, 18 May 1998, p. 1
6. Sarah Kershaw, Police remove encampment of homeless, New York Times, 28 February 1997, p. 1
7. Dan Barry, Giuliani plans cut of 1.000 workers who aid homeless, New York Times, 16 May 1998, p. 1
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1994, . Wall Street . Soho, Chelsea , Upper West Side, In-wood, 90, . Tribeca .8
, , : 15 1994 1997, . , . 90 , . , , 80 , , 90.
, . 1995 1998, 363.000 . . , . . , , , . 1998 , , .9, : , .
Giuliani . , 1970 , , , . , , , . .10
8. Sam Sifton, Tribeca in transition: truffle pigs and the law of the mar-ket, New York Press 10, no.10, 5-11 March, p.1
9. Alan Finder, Evidence is scant that workfare leads to full time jobs, New York Times, 12 April 1998, p. A1
10. William Barrett, Rudys shrink rap, Village Voice, 9 May 1995
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90s. , . , , . . Santa Ana , , , . Don Mitchell .11
, , , ( ) . , . Tom Wolfe Bonfire of the Vanities 1987, . Harpers, Lewis Lapham, . , , 90, A, .12
, . 60 , . , .13
, , . . , , , , . , Harlem South Central ,
11. Don Mitchell, The annihilation of space by law: The roots and im-plications of anti-homeless laws in the USA, Antipode 29 (1997), p.p. 303-335
12. Lewis Lapham, Reactionary Chic, Harpers, March, 1995
13. Lewis Wilson Gilmore, From military Keynesianism to Post-Keynesianism militarism (Ph.D. diss., Rutgers University, 1997)
Fresno, .
- Guangzhou, .
, , ...
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, . , . : , 1982, . .14 - , .
H . , . , 80, . mall, . , Andrew Duany Eliza-beth Plater-Zyberk, , , 1993 , (Con-gress for the New Urbanism). . Herbert Muschamp, New York Times, .15
. , . Victoriana, , , , , . , , Victori-ana . - , Andres Duany, , .16
14. ..
15. Herbert Muschamp, Can new urbanism find room for the old?, New York Times, 2 June 1996, p. 27
16. Duany Smith (1993).
17. Mike Davis, City of Quartz, London, Verso, 1991, p. 224
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. , . Victoriana 19 . , . , . Victoriana , 20 , , , , , , . .
Celebration . Disney, Celebration , . Disney, Disney Celebration . , . , , Celebra-tion Realty, . - Celebration Realty . Celebration Realty Disney: , . , Mike Davis .17
. , Disney , . Disney , . - Disney, , Disney . Disney
, , , Ocean Beach, San Diego, .
Celebration.
Celebration.
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. , , The Tru-man Show, , .
; , , . . , , , . , . . alter ego , - . . . , .
, , . , . Giuliani. , , . , , , .
E . H . . , , . , , , . . , , . .
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, . , Habermas , . .
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, , . . . , gentrification1 . , gentrification , . , gentrification; ;
, , gentrification . , Ruth Glass 1964 Islington , 2. gentrification . , gentrification. gentrification . - - , , , ( ), .
gentrification,
Re
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, . , , . gentrification , . gentrifiers, gentrification, , , , .
, , gen-trification . Neil Smith3, 1979 gentrification , Harvey, 4. , gentrification . , . .
, , ( white flight). - - , , , , . , . Smith (rent gap), , ( ), . Smith gentrification, , , , . ,
1. , , gentrification, gen-try , . , , . , embour-goisement, , .
2. . Glass, R. (1964) "Aspects of Change", in London: Aspects of Change
3. . Smith, N. (1996) The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City
4. . Harvey D. (1982), The Limits to Capital
5. . Hamnett, C. (1991) The blind men and the elephant: the expla-nation of gentrification, Munt, I. (1987) Economic restructuring, culture, and gentrification: a case study in Battersea, London, Ley, D. (1987) The rent-gap revisited
6. . Ley, D. (1986), Alternative explanations of inner city gentrifi-cation: a Canadian assessment
7. . Ley 1987, Munt 1987
8. . Bondi L. (1991), Gender Class and gentrification: enrich-ing the debate, Butler, T. and Hamnett, C. (1994) Gentrifica-tion, class and gender: some com-ments on Wardes gentrification as
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Smith , gentrification .
rent gap gentrifica-tion 80 , , gentrification 5. . Ley6, - , . , , , 80 . , gentrification , .
, , lifestyle . () . , . , .
rent gap gentrification - - , Smith , 7. gentrifiers , 8. . gentrification, gentrifier.
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, gentrification, . gentrification , .
gentrifica-tion , , . , , , , , . .
, - - , , , , . , -- () , , , . , , -, . . , . , , , . , , , .
gentrification , :
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. , , , ---. , , gentrifiers. lifestyle, urban trends, , chic, in, alterna-tive, hip . , , gentrification.
, gentrification. Ley9, . , , . gentrifier, , . . gentrifier, . . , .
gentrification . , : / .10
. , : , , -, ( ) ( ), . / - . , , , ,
9. Ley, D. (1996) The New Middle Class and the Remaking of the Central City
10. , gentrification .
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( ) , . , , gentrification, , , , .
, , , , ... , , , , , . ( ), /.
, , , , , . , gentrification , , , . , . ( ) (.. 90) , 11, .12
, , . . .
, , . , . , , , , .
gentrification . , .13
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11. revanchist urbanism, . Smith .
12. : . , , , , () . topontiki.gr/article/34087
13. encoun-ter Athens. encounterathens.word-press.com
14. , , LIFO .82, 04.10.2007
15. 08.04.2008. ( Sara-jevo).
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. , , . .
H 2007 o free press LIFO 14. , , Soho , , , ... , urban . , ( ). 2008 (, 4 ), 15 / .
08, , /, . , , , , , free press (, ) .
, , , , ( ) : . , , , (. ) , , , . , . (. ), , (.. ). , , , .
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, , . . , , 70. . . , .
, . . , . . , . .
, , : . : , , . : , , .
, gentrification , . : . , , , 16. ; .
, . ( -) . , . . : , . . , ( ).
, ( ) . . , (.. ), - (.. fast track ) . ( ) ,
16. - .
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, , , . . , , , . , (.. , , gentrification ).
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, - . , , , .17 : . , . , , : , , .
70 80 , . . . , ( ) /. , 18 .
, ( ) . , , fast track . . , , . , , .
, , , . . , , , 19. , , , .
17. : .... - - , .... - -/ , - , - ..
18. . 2004: blog . ( ) . () .
19. . M.O.U.T. : - #3.
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AIDS, .20 , ( ) .
, gentrification, , ; . , . mall , , , . . , . gentrification .
, , , , . , .
21 ( ) , . , , . , , - .
, , , .
, ( ): , .
20. ( ) .
21.
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, , . , , . , . . ( ) , 22.
, by-the-book gentrification . ( , ), (-), ( , - ), . 23 , ------ ReMap .
, . .
, , gentrification , . gen-trification . . , , loft. ( in ) . loft .
, . . ,
22. , , . : , . (.. - ) . gentrification, .
23. Oliaros - fund (http://www.capital.gr/news.asp?id=1083531)- KM .
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. , .
, , , , . , , , , , .
, , , . . , , , Atenistas () .
, , , / , . , .. , - , , , , , . , . , , , .
Atenistas , . , , , , , . , , Atenistas . , , ( ReMap) ,
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. , , , .
, . . . , -- , , . .24 , - -, . , : -- , . , ; . ; .
, , , . , , .
; ; . gentrification. , , . , . .
. . gentrification , . - gentrifica-tion - - .
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, : , , . , .
, .25. , , , . , , .
.
. , . .
24. , . - .
25. .
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1990 . , - - , [revanchist] , , , . , . , ( ) , , . , gentrification, , , . , , gentrification . , , , .
1990 . . 1998, Rudy Giuliani . (NYSE) Hudson, New Jersey, Giuliani 900 , . [geobribes] . 400 650.000 Wall Street NYSE. , . , . , , , . - - : 1 2001, . , . , , . NYSE , : , , , . .
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. , 1998, , . . . [NYPD] . , , .
. 1997 Abner Louima, . , Amadou Diallo , , 41 . , Louima , Diallo , 1990. , Diallo, NYPD dum-dum, . , 1994 1997, - 96,8
. , 1990 1. Giuliani, , 20 , 2.
- - . Giuliani, , , . , Benito Giuliani ( o New York Times) State Department
1. Cooper 1998: B5, Cooper 1999
2. Smith 1996, Swyngedouw 1997
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. Guiliani , 3. , , , , -.
, 1980. , . 18 , John Locke Adam Smith, : , , , . 20 , Woodrow Wilson Franklin Roosevelt John F Kennedy, , . , . , 20 21 , , , .
, , . , , - , . , , , , . . , . , . , 4, ( ) , - - , , . , , gentrification . ,
3. , , , Pasqual Maragal. Giuliani , .
4. . globalism: - .
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. , .
Saskia Sassen, (1992, 1998, 2000), 5 . , , . , , . ,
. , 1970, , . , , . , . , , . 1970 , Detroit Manchester, 6.
Sassen, , [urban] . , , , , 7. , Sassen . . - [containers], -, -, . , , . , , ,
5. . local place, ( ) ( )
6. Sassen 1992:325
7. Taylor 1999
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. Brenner, Sassen [ ]. , , . - 1970 - . , -- .
, , , . . , , . , , - - . , : 8.
, [swaths] , , . , 1960, [urban] Lefebvre(1971), Harvey(1973) Castells(1977) , 9. , . 1960 1970 , , , .
, , . 21 ; ; : . , ,
8. Smith 1990:136137
9. Hansen and Pratt 1995, Katz 2001, Rose 1981
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. 1890 . Bretton-Woods, 1944, , . , 1980, , . , , . 1980, . , , , - - . 1970, , , . 1990, , . , , , , , , , . , : .
, . - 10, - . , , . , , . , Mszros - - . , : ( ) , , ,
10. Brenner 1998, MacLeod 2001
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, , . , , . 1992, [ ] - - 1960.
, . , () , , 1970 1980, . , . , : , . , Northwest Midwest, Midlands Ruhr - - So Paulo Bangkok, Mexico City Shanghai, Mumbai Seoul. 19 20 , , [urban] . , .
- 20 . , Ford ( Daily News: Ford to City: Drop Dead), Cart-er 1978, . , Clinton 1996. A , , - - - .
- . -
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, - Hardt Negri (2000), . , , , , . , - , , . - , - , 11.
, , . . , . , , , , , , . ,
. . 12 , , . , , , , . So Paulo, , 3:30 .. . Ha-rare Zimbabwe, , . , ,
11. Brenner 1998, Smith and Dennis 1987, Swyngedouw 1996, 1997
12. Smith 1990:137
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. 8% 1980, 22% 45% 199013.
; . , , , , , . , , -, , - . . , Katz .
, , [production-based regions] - - . , , , , , , . , . , , 21 . , Lefebvre - Castells- . , , Harvey14, 21 .
- Giuliani - . Peter Taylor15, . So Paulo Shanghai, Lagos Bombay , - - ,
13. Ramsamy 2001:375377
14. Harvey 1985:202, 209
15. Taylor 1995:58
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16. Swyngedouw 1997:138
, . 21 - -.
, , , . : , . , . . Swyngedouw16, , , , . , , , - - , .
, , . . , , , . , .
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gentrification. 21 , , gentrification . , , . , . , .
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gentrification 1960 Ruth Glass. 196417, gentrification :
-, - . , - - , , . , - - ... gentrification , .
, Glass [gentry] , . , , 35 . 18 1999, , [DETR]:
... , [towns] . ... ( 25 ) 60% ... , , . 21 () .
, , , . . gentrification , gentrification 1980, , , , 1960. , , , , , gentrification .
17. Glass 1964:xviii
18. DETR 1999
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19. Garcia 2001
20. Jones and Varley 1999
21. Garside 1993
22. Thomas 1991
23. Hackworth 2000
, Glass DETR. Glass, gentrification 1960 Islington - hip - 20 . Glass [] , 35 , - . , . . gen-trification , , 1960 1970, , , .
, , , , , , . . , gentri-fication , , Cleveland Glasgow, Malm Grenada, , Lancaster, Pennsylvania Cesk Krumlov . , , gen-trification 19, So Paulo Puebla 20, Cape Town21 22 . , Hobart, Van Di-emens (), gentrification, 19 , , .
, gentrification , gentrification. . , 1960 , . , Glass, 21 , gentrifica-tion . , , Glass gentrification, . , , .
, gentrification23. , 1950, gentrification,
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Glass. 1970 1980, gentrification . Hackworth gentrification. 1990 gentrification. , gentrification . , , , Coyoacn, gentrification . Seoul So Paulo . , gentrification , , . , , , gentrification . gentrification , , .
, gentrification 1990 . , 19 [1890-1920] New Deal Roosevelt, , 1970 1980. Reagan Thatcher , , Kohl, gentrification .
-Clinton, Blair, Schrder- , gentrifi-cation , , . 20 , gentri-fication , . , 20 , . gentrification , , . , , .
gentrification . : , , , gentrification. .
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, gentrification, 24. 1990, gentrification 1980 , , , Potsdamer . , , , , .
gentrification. Canary Wharf Battery Park City - - , 25. , , . , 61 Lower East Side , Wall Street, . , , , ( 1990), 26. , , gentrification.
, gentrification. , , , gentrification , , -gentrification . , gentrification , , . 1980 1990,
24. Hackworth and Smith 2001
25. Fainstein 1994
26. Smith and DiFilippis 1999
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, -gentrification, . , . 27 : 1980, ( ) - . So Paulo, - . , gentrification. gentrification.
gen-trification . , gentrification , , , gentrification. , . , - . - , gentrification. , - , gentrification .
, , , gentrification. 1950, 1960 1970 , , . , gentrification . , . , gentrification , gentrification , .
. gentrification , , . , , 28, ,
27. Smith 1996
28. . Vine 2001
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- , , , . gentrification , , , , , . , , . 1960, , . , .
gentrification , . , , . Tony Blair gentrification , gentrification . , , 1997 1991 , . 2000 . , . ...
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.
: , , [] , , . gentrification, - , - gentrification .
. , . . , , . , , gentrification, . . , , gentrification , -, , . , [Eureaucrats], developers [ -], . : gentrifi-cation .
. 1999, , 25 , 60% [brownfield sites] - . , , , . , gentrification .
, , , 29.
29. DETR 1999
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; . - . , , Brixton . , . , , . , , , . , .
, . ,
; [regenaration], , , - - . , . gentrification , , .
gentrification. gentrification , develop-ers, . , , gentrification , . ,
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Bochum Brixton, , , gentrification . gentrification, , , gentrification , .
-- gentrification, gentrification. gentrification , , gen-trification, gentrification . gentrification . .
, . , , . , gentrification . gentrification 1990, , . , 20 . , , : gentri-fication. , . , , . gentrifi-cation, , , () gentrification...30
gentrification , , .
30. Smith and DiFilippis 1999
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Kuala Lumpur, , Rio de Janeiro Mumbai, 1990 . gentrifi-cation, . , Mumbai, 1990, , 31. 1996 , Mum-bai, , gentrification, .
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Lefevbvre : , . ,
31. Nijman 2000:575
32. Jones and Ward, ntipode 2002
33. On the Town 2000:50
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