Download - METPEN PERTEMUAN-1
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Muslimin Ibrahim
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Introduction to Research: The Nature ofResearch
Basic Educational Research: (1) The ResearchProblem; (2) Variables and Hypotheses; (3)Ethics and Research; (4) Review of Literature;(5) Sampling; (6) Instrument; (7) Validity andReliability; (8) Internal Validity
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Data Analysis: (1) Descriptive Statistics; (2)Inferential Statistics; (3) Statistics inPerspectives
Quantitative Research Methodology: (1)Experimental; (2) Causal Comparativeresearch; (3) Single Subject Research;Correlational Research; Survey Research
Research by the practitioners: Action research
Writing Research Proposal and Reports:Preparing research proposal & report
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The Natureof research
Why Research is of value
Ways of knowing
Types of Research
General Research Types
Critical Analysis of Research
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The scientific method provide animportant way to obtain acurate
and reliable information
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Ways ofknowing
Sensoryexperience
Agreement
with others
Expertopinion
Logic
Scientific
method
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This appleis sweet
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All human beings are mortal
Santi is human being
Therefore, Santi is mortal
If the fruits are in the basketAnd the basket is in the boxThe fruits therefore to be inthe box
LOGICAL
REASONINGBOX
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Oh What basis?
Ive concluded that Mr.Pairun has lyman disease
Based on what his X-rayand his blood samplereveal, both of whichcan
be corroborated byanyone
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Identifying a problem or question
Clarifying the problem
Determining the information needed and howto obtain it
Organizing the information
Interpreting the result
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Experimental research
Correlational research
Causal comparative reasearch
Survey research
Ethnographic research
Historical research
Action research
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Involve manipulating conditionsand studying effects
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Involve studying relationshipsamong variables within a single
group and frequently suggest thepossibility of cause and effect.
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Involve comparing knowngroups who have had different
experiences to determinepossible causes or consequencesof group membership
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Involve describing thecharacteristics of a group by
mean of such instrument asinterview schedules,questionaires and test
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Concentrates on documentating orportrying the everyday experienceofpeople using observation and interview
Is one form of qualitative research.Another common form of qualitativeresearch involve case study.
Case study is a detailed analysis of oneor a few individuals
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Involve studying some aspect ofthe past.
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Is a type of research bypractitioners design to help their
practise
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Deskcriptive Studies---Identifying theachievement of various group of student.
Associational Research---research thatinvestigate the relationship---refer toassciational research---Relationship betweenachievement and attitude
Intervention Studies---particular method ortreatment is expected to influence one ormore outcomes---Effectivenes of various
teaching [email protected]
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Quantitative research usually base their workon the belief that facts and feeling can beseparated, that the world is a single reality
made up of facts that can be discovered. Qualitative research assusme that the world is
made up of multi realities, socially constructedby different individual views of the same
situation
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Quantitative research has establish widelyagreed on general formulation of steps thatguide researcher in their work.
Qualitative research , the researcher ini thiskinds of research have a much greaterflexibility in both strategies and techniques
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Quantitative research: (a) The ideal role ofresearcher is that of a detached observer. (b)The prototypical study in quantitative research
is the experiment. (c) researcher want toestablish generalization.
Qualitative research: (a) The researcher tend toimmersed in the situation in wich they do their
research. (b) The prototypical study inqualitative research it is an ethnography. (c)often do not even try to generalize the situation
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Is an attemp to reduce the limitation ofindividual studies by tryoing to locate all of thestudies on a particular topics and then using
statictics means to synthesize the result of thisstudy
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RESEARCH
PROBLEM
HYPOTHESES
DEFINITION
LITERATURE
REVIEW
SAMPLE
INSTRUMENT
RPCEDURE/
DESIN
DATA
ANALYSIS
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A high school principal in Krian want toimprove the moral of her students
A tenth-grade biology teacher in
Sidoarjowonders if discussion are moreeffectives than lectures in motivating studentsto learn biological concept
A seventh-grade student in Tuban ask herconselor what she can do to improve her studyhabits
How we can get more parents in school related
acttivities? [email protected]
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Thinks of a research ideas or problem youwould like to investigate. Using LKM below,briefly describe the problem in a sentence or
two. Then indicate the type of researchmethodology you would use to investigate thisproblem
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A possible topic or problem I am thinking of researching is
. The type of research that seems most apropriate to this topic or
problem (circle one)
An experiment
A correlational study
A causal comparative study A survey using written questionaire
A survey using interviews of several individuals
An ethnography study
A case study
A content analysis
A historical study
What question (if any) might a critical researher raise with regard toyour study?
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TERIMA KASIH
Mohon maaf atas kehilafan Wassalamualaikum wr.wb.