Download - Omar saady
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T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R
T R A N S F O R M E RPresented by
Othman Al DarrajiDepartment of Electrical
EngineeringTAA. UniversityAnkara , Turkey
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
SupervisionProf. Dr. Ibrahim
MahariqDepartment of Electrical
EngineeringTAA. UniversityAnkara , Turkey
Turkey – Ankara 10 - 5 - 2016
University of Turkish Aeronautical Association Faculty of engineering EEE department
Presented byOmar Saadi Alshear
Department of Electrical Engineering
TAA. UniversityAnkara , Turkey
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2T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
DISCUSSION
DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER
TEST REQUIRMENTS
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
ROUTINE TESTS
REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS
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Transformer is a static device which transforms A.C electrical power from one voltage to anotherVoltage keeping The frequency same by Electromagnetic induction.
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
WHAT IS TRANSFORMER?
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4T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
IRON CORE
WHAT IS TRANSFORMER?
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5T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
DISCUSSION
DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER
TEST REQUIRMENTS
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
ROUTINE TESTS
REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS
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1- NAME PLATE FOR TRANSFORMER
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
S.N: 925 554
1 = 5 0 K V A2 = 1 0 0 K V A3 = 2 0 0 K V A4 = 3 0 0 K V A5 = 5 0 0 K V A6 = 8 0 0 K V A7 = 1 0 0 0 K V A8 = 1 5 0 0 K V A
TEST REQUIREMENTS
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7T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
2-TESTING DEVICES
TEST REQUIREMENTS
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3- SAFETY EQUIPMENT
4 - MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
TEST REQUIREMENTS
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9T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
DISCUSSION
DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER
TEST REQUIRMENTS
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
ROUTINE TESTS
REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS
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10T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
Types of testing
1- Routine tests
2- Type tests
3- Special tests
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1-ROUTINE TESTS
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1.1- Measurement of voltage ratio
1.2-Vector group verification
1.3-Measurement of winding resistance
1.4-Impedance voltage test(z)
1.5-Dielectrics TestA-Measurement of insulation resistance.
B- Dissipation power factor / insulation power factor (tan∂)
C- OIL TEST
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
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THESE TESTS ARE CARRIED OUT ON ONE TRANSFORMER OF THE LOT.
2.1- All routine tests.
2.2- Additionally following tests are included in type tests.
A- Lightening impulse test.
B- Temperature rise test.
2- TYPE TESTS
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
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3.1- Measurement of zero Phase sequence. 3.2- Measurement of acoustic noise level.3.3- Measurement of harmonics of the no load current.3.4- Magnetic balance test.
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
3-SPECIAL TESTS
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
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14T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
DISCUSSION
DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER
TEST REQUIRMENTS
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
ROUTINE TESTS
REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS
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15T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Transformer Breakdowns
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16T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Sources of faults in transformer
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17T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
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18T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Apply Tests Routine on Power Transformer
Type: 132/33 /11.5KV ,63 MVAVECT. GROUP: YnYnd11
1-ROUTINE TESTS
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T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
6- Equipment used : Transformer Turns Ratiometer ( T T R)
1- This test measures the voltage ratio as per the customer’s requirement.
2- V1/V2 = N1/N2
3-The voltage ratio is equal to the turns ratio in a transformer. Using this principle, the turns ratio is measured with the help of a turns ratio meter. If it is correct , then the voltage ratio is assumed to be correct.
4- apply the rated ratio for all tab (1-17).
5-apply the rated ratio for (132 kv,33kv 11kv)
1-1-Measurement of voltage ratio
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20T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Type: 132/33 /11.5KV ,63 MVAVECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11Rated ratio (Ynd11)H.V-L.V=( 132 / √3 ) / 11.5=6.6227 FOR TAP (9)
Tap pos. TAP Voltage(kv)
(A-N) / (a-c)(Measured
value)
(B-N) / (b-a)(Measured
value)
(C-N) / (c-b)(Measured
value)
Rated Ratio(Rated value )
1 145.2 / 11.5
91011
132.0 (132 ⁄ √3) ⁄ 11.5 = 6.627
17 118.8
1-1-Measurement of voltage ratio
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21T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
TEST:
TR.
1-1-Measurement of voltage ratio
a
N
VECT. GROUP: Ynd11 FOR H.V – L.V
b
c CBA
L.V
H.V
M.V
Ratio meter
ac
b
n
a
TR.
N
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The no-load deviation of the turn ratios should be ≤ % 0,5
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
APPLLY THIS LAW
1-1-Measurement of voltage ratio
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.
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
The use of modern equipment
1-1-Measurement of voltage ratio
TTR (Transformer Turns Ratio)
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This test is very important for an engineer to figure out directional connectivity for transformers.
(( Dy11 ,Yd11, Dy1,Yd1))
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1-2-Vector Group Verification
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25T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Dy11
Yd11
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26T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Yd1
Dy1
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27T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Steps to implement the test
1-2-Vector Group Verification
STEP 2S.C
STEP 3Take V
B-b , B-c ,C-b , C-c
STEP 1Connect H.V
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28T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Dy11
Yd11
Dy1
Yd1
Dd0
1-2-Vector Group Verification
C-b > C-c ≈ B-b ≈ B-c B-c > B-b ≈ C-c ≈ C-b B-c ≈ C-b>B-b ≈ C-c
Yy0
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29T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
This test measures the resistance of the H.V , M.V& L.V winding. The values of resistance should be balance for all three phases and should match the designed values.
Equipment used : Digital resistance meter.
1-3-Measurement of winding resistance
D.C RESISTANCE
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30T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Tap pos. A-Nohm
B-Nohm
C-Nohm
Resistance 3-ph
Oil Temp Rest. At 75C˚
1
9 0.4108 0.4104 0.4192 1.2305 19C˚ 1.5023
17
Type: 132/33 /11.5KV ,63 MVAVECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11 FOR H.V, USES TAP POS. 1-9-17FOR M.V , USES TAP POS. 1 - 3 - 5FOR L.V , USES TAP POS. 1
1-3-Measurement of winding resistance
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31T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Type: 132/33 /11.5KV ,63 MVAVECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11WHEATSTON BRIDGE
a
N
WIND. REST. FOR H.V
b
c CBA
L.V
H.V
M.V
WHEATSTON BRIDGE
a
cb
na
TR.
N
1-3-Measurement of winding resistance
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32T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Where :T: CONSTANT ==234.5. for copperT1: 75C˚T2: The temperature at which the measurement (19C ˚).Rt1: Resistance value at the temperature (75C ˚).Rt2: Resistance value at measured temperature
Rt1=1.502326 ohm
RESISTANCE WINDINGS AT 75 C˚
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33T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Type: 132/33 /11.5KV ,63 MVAVECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11VOLTMETER – AMMETERApply ohm law D.C
12V
A
A
A
C
B
C
B
BC
N
N
AH.V
M.V
L.V
1-3-Measurement of winding resistance
V
V
V
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34T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Type: 132/33 /11.5KV ,63 MVAVECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11WINDING REST. H.V
The use of modern equipment
a
N
bc CBA
L.V
H.V
M.Va
cb
na
TR.
N
2
1
1-3-Measurement of winding resistance
The use of modern equipment
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35T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
What is the benefit of?
1- It is to compare the design calculations in terms of volumes conductors used
2- Resistance winding test used in calculating copper losses
1-3-Measurement of winding resistance
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36T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
S.C ON
L.VA A
A
Type: 132/33 /11.5KV ,63 MVAVECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11VOLTMETER - AMMETER
1-4-IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE TEST(Z)
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37T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Tap pos. A-B B-C C-A A B C
1 420V 422V 429V 3.5AMP 3.3AMP 3.4AMP
9
17
Type: 132/33 /11.5KV ,63 MVAVECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE (Z) :( H.V—L.V) (1,9,17) TAP POS.IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE (Z) :( H.V—M.V) (1,9,17) TAP POS.
IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE TEST(Z)
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38T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Why do we apply the equation below?
Z=+ -7.5% FOR TWO WINDINGSZ=+ - 10%FOR THREE WINDINGS
FOR EXAMPLE:Rated voltage =145.2kv , Rated current =250.5Applied voltage Measured current AB=420 A=3.5 BC=422 B=3.3 CA=429 C=3.4 Apply the law :
IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE TEST(Z)
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What is the benefit of?
1- In the case of connecting a power transformer in parallel with the otherTest engineer must calculate the value of impedance. A impedance value should be close.
2- When measuring three windings currents, they are roughly equal. In the case of a damage in one winding .the current size. it will be bigger than two windings remaining. This gives an indication of the presence of a defect in winding.
3- Read the short circuit levelFOR EXAMPLE:Rated voltage =145.2kv , Rated current =250.5
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE TEST(Z)
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The dielectrics are separation between the parts of the electrical system, and it may be solid or gaseous or liquid or free space , and there is no insulating material full electrical insulation , there is a certain electric current passes through it , in spite of the low value of the electric current .You should know the value of this electric current.
The dielectric value less over a period of time. Because of their exposure to different pressures
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1-5-Dielectrics Test
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41T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Types of dielectric tests
1- Measurement of insulation resistance
2- Dissipation power factor / insulation power factor (tan∂)
3- Test oil
1-5-Dielectrics Test
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42T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1- Measures the insulation resistance of HV & LV windings with respect to earth (body) and between LV & HV winding.
2- Voltage used: 1000 V to 5000 V
3- Recommended Values are ( M)Ohms for HV & 500 Mohms for LV.
4- Equipment used: MEGGER IS USED.
1-5-1- Measurement of insulation resistance.
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43T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
Type: 132/33 /11.5KV ,63 MVAVECT. GROUP: YnYn0d11insulation resistance :( H.V—L.V)
a
N
b
c CBAL.V 11.5kv
H.V 132kv
M.V33kv
a
cb
na
TR.
N
1-5-1- Measurement of insulation resistance.
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44T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1-5-1- Measurement of insulation resistance.
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45T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
this test done on the electrical transformer to see the quality of isolators used in the TRANSFORMER WINDINGS . and isolators operate among themselves capacitors as in the illustration.
1-5-2-Dissipation power factor
132 kv
33 kv
11.5 kv
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46T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1- In capacitor ideal has no losses. The electric current precedes voltage an angle of (90˚).
1-5-2-Dissipation power factor
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47T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
2- In practical, all capacitors find where the loss in insulation
1-5-2-Dissipation power factor
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48T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1-5-2-Dissipation power factor
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49T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1-5-2-Dissipation power factor
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50T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
TESTING
REPEAT THIS TEST: M-HLE: MEDIUM – HIGH , LOW , EARTHL-HME : LOW – HIGH , MEDIUM , EARTHH-M / H-L / M-L /
a
N
b
c CBAL.V 11.5kv
H.V 132kv
M.V33kv
a
cb
na
TR.
N
Tan
1-5-2-Dissipation power factor
e
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51T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1-5-2-Dissipation power factor
To find good values
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52T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1- Oil breakdown voltage is checked as per IS-335.100 mm L X 70 mm B X 80 mm Ht. glass pot.500ml Oil sample.
2- Spherical electrodes with gap of 2.5 mm3- Recommended value : 60KV 4- Equipment used : OIL BDV TEST SET.
1-5-3- OIL TEST
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53T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
DISCUSSION
DEFINITION OF THE TRANSFORMER
TEST REQUIRMENTS
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER
ROUTINE TESTS
REGULAR MAINTENANCE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS
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54T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
1- Periodic checking of any loose connections of the terminations of HV & LV side.
Regular maintenance for power transformers
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55T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
2-Breather examination. Dehydration of Silica gel if necessary.
3-Explosion vent diaphragm examination.
4-Conservator to be cleaned from inside after every three years.
Regular maintenance for power transformers
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56T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R
5- Regular inspection of OIL & WINDING TEMPERATURE METER readings.
6- Cleanliness in the Substation yard with all nets, vines, shrubs removed.
Regular maintenance for power transformers
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57
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF POWER TRANSFORMER
University of Turkish Aeronautical Association
Faculty of engineering EEE department
T E S T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E O F P O W E R T R A N S F O R M E R