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Prajakta.S. Kolhatkar& Avanti Kulkarni
FROMJAWAHARLAL DARDA INSTITUTE OF
ENGG.& TECHNOLOGY
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Technoxtreme-09
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INTRODUCTION
During the last two decades many significant
advances have been made in development of
biocompatible materials for biomedical
applications and industrial applications also. Inbiomedical field the aim is to develop and
characterize artificial materials for use in human
body to measure, restore and improve
physiological function and enhance survival and
quality of life.
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Biopolymer properties
o Non-toxic (biosafe): Non- pyrogenic, Non-
hemolytic, Chronically, non- inflammative,
o Effective: Functionality, Performance, Durability,
etc
o Sterilizable: Ethylene oxide, c-Irradiation, Electron
beams, Autoclave, Dry heating,etc.
o Biocompatible: Interfacially, Mechanically, andBiologically
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VARIOUS MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Suturing
Fixation
Adhesion
Covering
Occlusion
Isolation
Contact inhibition
Controlled drug delivery
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Biocompatible polymers used
Biocompatible polymers include any synthetic or
Natural polymers,metals,alloys,glasses, ceramics,
composites, or other nonviable substances including
tissue rendered nonviable. Recently the termBiocompatible polymers (biomaterial) was defined as
a nonviable material used in medical device
applications that is intended to interact with a
biological system. In the other word, it can bedefined as materials that are used in contact with
tissue, blood, cells, protein and any other living
substance
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Biocompatible polymers in general are used
To replace tissues which are diseased or otherwisenonfunctional, as in joint replacements, artificial heartvalves and arteries, tooth reconstruction and intraocularlenses;
To assist in the repair of tissue, including the obvioussutures but also bone fracture plates, ligament andtendon repair devices;
To replace all or part of the function of the major organs,such as in haemodialysisoxygenation (lungs), left
ventricular or whole heart assistance (heart), perfusion(liver), and insulin delivery (pancreas);
To deliver drugs to the body, either to targeted sites (e.g.directly to a tumour) orsustained delivery rates (insulin,pilocarpin and contraceptives).
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BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS IN DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM
The goal of the controlled release devices is to
maintain the drug in the desired therapeutic
range with just a single dose. Localized
delivery of the drug to a particular body
compartment lowers the systemic drug level,
reduces the need for follow-up care, preserves
medications that are rapidly destroyed by thebody, and increases patient comfort and/or
improves compliance.
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Collagen-Based Localized Drug
Delivery Systems
Biodegradable polymers make ideal vehicles for
localized drug delivery. Systems based upon synthetic
polymers are currently under development.
However, collagen offers the advantages of a naturaland well-established biocompatible material,
together with its complimentary wound healing and
haemostatic properties. Some companies pioneered
the use of collagen for localized drug delivery withthe breakthrough therapeutic product Collatamp G,
based upon its CollaRx platform
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Collarx technology
Collarx is a localized drug delivery system basedupon a type-1 collagen matrix derived from bovine or
equine Achilles tendon. Products may be formatted
either as a lyophilized porous sponge or as a
transparent/translucent sheet (or membrane)
about 50 m in thickness (Figure 2
In vivo, drug is released by a combination of
diffusion and natural enzymatic breakdown of thecollagen matrix. This provides both rapid and
prolonged release. The matrix itself is fully resorbed
within one to seven weeks according to implant
location .
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Lyophilized porous sponge
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Transparent Sheet
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Collatamp G Collatamp G is an implantable type-I collagen sponge
impregnated with 2.0 mg/cm2 of gentamicin sulfate.
It is approved as a medicinal drug product in many
European countries and is currently marketed under
various brand names by Schering PloughCorporation. The product is indicated for the surgical
treatment and post-surgical prevention of infection
in bone and soft tissue and has been clinically proven
to reduce rates of infection and substantially reducethe average duration of hospital stay.
Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that
high local concentrations of gentamicin.
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Lactide and Glycolide
The incidence of mycobacterial infections has
increased rapidly in recent years; one-third of the
world's population is infected with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB).
Chemotherapy of tuberculosis is complicated by theneed for multi-drug regimens given over long
periods. Current short-course chemotherapy (SCC)
involves daily administration of isoniazid (INH),
rifampicin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) for a periodof 69 months. Therapy for TB may be further
complicated by patient non-compliance and the
development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains.
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Lactide and Glycolide
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ADVANCED DELIVERY DEVICES
Recently biocompatible biopolymers are used for cell-
based therapies delivered via devices.These proceduresuse human or animal ells to produce naturally occurring
proteins for administration to patients to treat symptoms
or cure disease. Under this section devices that are being
developed to deliver large molecular weight proteins likeinsulin through routes other than conventional
injection.In delivery of insulin the drug (insulin) is being
manufactured not in the drug companys facilities, but in
the transplanted cell, and delivered directly to thepatient in response to glucose levels in his/her
bloodstream.
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BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS IN
BONE GRAFTING Periprosthetic osteolysis bone loss in the vicinity of a
prosthesisis the most serious problem limiting the longevity
of artificial joints. It is caused by bone-resorptive responsesto wear particles originating from the articulating surface.
Mechanical studies using a hip-joint simulator revealed that
the MPC grafting a hip-joint simulator revealed that the MPC
grafting Osteoclastic bone resorption induced by
subperiosteal injection of particles onto mouse calvariae was
abolished by the MPC grafting on particles
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CONCLUSION
Textile materials like biocompatible polymers
continue to serve an important function in the
development of a range of medical and
surgical products. The introduction of newmaterials, the improvement in production
techniques and fiber properties, and the use
of more accurate and comprehensive testinghave all had significant influence on advancing
fibers for medical applications.