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7/31/2019 Praju&Avanti

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Prajakta.S. Kolhatkar& Avanti Kulkarni

FROMJAWAHARLAL DARDA INSTITUTE OF

ENGG.& TECHNOLOGY


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Technoxtreme-09


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INTRODUCTION

During the last two decades many significant

advances have been made in development of

biocompatible materials for biomedical

applications and industrial applications also. Inbiomedical field the aim is to develop and

characterize artificial materials for use in human

body to measure, restore and improve

physiological function and enhance survival and

quality of life.


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Biopolymer properties

o Non-toxic (biosafe): Non- pyrogenic, Non-

hemolytic, Chronically, non- inflammative,

o Effective: Functionality, Performance, Durability,

etc

o Sterilizable: Ethylene oxide, c-Irradiation, Electron

beams, Autoclave, Dry heating,etc.

o Biocompatible: Interfacially, Mechanically, andBiologically


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VARIOUS MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Suturing

Fixation

Adhesion

Covering

Occlusion

Isolation

Contact inhibition

Controlled drug delivery


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Biocompatible polymers used

Biocompatible polymers include any synthetic or

Natural polymers,metals,alloys,glasses, ceramics,

composites, or other nonviable substances including

tissue rendered nonviable. Recently the termBiocompatible polymers (biomaterial) was defined as

a nonviable material used in medical device

applications that is intended to interact with a

biological system. In the other word, it can bedefined as materials that are used in contact with

tissue, blood, cells, protein and any other living

substance


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Biocompatible polymers in general are used

To replace tissues which are diseased or otherwisenonfunctional, as in joint replacements, artificial heartvalves and arteries, tooth reconstruction and intraocularlenses;

To assist in the repair of tissue, including the obvioussutures but also bone fracture plates, ligament andtendon repair devices;

To replace all or part of the function of the major organs,such as in haemodialysisoxygenation (lungs), left

ventricular or whole heart assistance (heart), perfusion(liver), and insulin delivery (pancreas);

To deliver drugs to the body, either to targeted sites (e.g.directly to a tumour) orsustained delivery rates (insulin,pilocarpin and contraceptives).


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BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS IN DRUG

DELIVERY SYSTEM

The goal of the controlled release devices is to

maintain the drug in the desired therapeutic

range with just a single dose. Localized

delivery of the drug to a particular body

compartment lowers the systemic drug level,

reduces the need for follow-up care, preserves

medications that are rapidly destroyed by thebody, and increases patient comfort and/or

improves compliance.


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Collagen-Based Localized Drug

Delivery Systems

Biodegradable polymers make ideal vehicles for

localized drug delivery. Systems based upon synthetic

polymers are currently under development.

However, collagen offers the advantages of a naturaland well-established biocompatible material,

together with its complimentary wound healing and

haemostatic properties. Some companies pioneered

the use of collagen for localized drug delivery withthe breakthrough therapeutic product Collatamp G,

based upon its CollaRx platform


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Collarx technology

Collarx is a localized drug delivery system basedupon a type-1 collagen matrix derived from bovine or

equine Achilles tendon. Products may be formatted

either as a lyophilized porous sponge or as a

transparent/translucent sheet (or membrane)

about 50 m in thickness (Figure 2

In vivo, drug is released by a combination of

diffusion and natural enzymatic breakdown of thecollagen matrix. This provides both rapid and

prolonged release. The matrix itself is fully resorbed

within one to seven weeks according to implant

location .


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Lyophilized porous sponge


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Transparent Sheet


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Collatamp G Collatamp G is an implantable type-I collagen sponge

impregnated with 2.0 mg/cm2 of gentamicin sulfate.

It is approved as a medicinal drug product in many

European countries and is currently marketed under

various brand names by Schering PloughCorporation. The product is indicated for the surgical

treatment and post-surgical prevention of infection

in bone and soft tissue and has been clinically proven

to reduce rates of infection and substantially reducethe average duration of hospital stay.

Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that

high local concentrations of gentamicin.


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Lactide and Glycolide

The incidence of mycobacterial infections has

increased rapidly in recent years; one-third of the

world's population is infected with Mycobacterium

tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB).

Chemotherapy of tuberculosis is complicated by theneed for multi-drug regimens given over long

periods. Current short-course chemotherapy (SCC)

involves daily administration of isoniazid (INH),

rifampicin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) for a periodof 69 months. Therapy for TB may be further

complicated by patient non-compliance and the

development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains.


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Lactide and Glycolide


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ADVANCED DELIVERY DEVICES

Recently biocompatible biopolymers are used for cell-

based therapies delivered via devices.These proceduresuse human or animal ells to produce naturally occurring

proteins for administration to patients to treat symptoms

or cure disease. Under this section devices that are being

developed to deliver large molecular weight proteins likeinsulin through routes other than conventional

injection.In delivery of insulin the drug (insulin) is being

manufactured not in the drug companys facilities, but in

the transplanted cell, and delivered directly to thepatient in response to glucose levels in his/her

bloodstream.


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BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS IN

BONE GRAFTING Periprosthetic osteolysis bone loss in the vicinity of a

prosthesisis the most serious problem limiting the longevity

of artificial joints. It is caused by bone-resorptive responsesto wear particles originating from the articulating surface.

Mechanical studies using a hip-joint simulator revealed that

the MPC grafting a hip-joint simulator revealed that the MPC

grafting Osteoclastic bone resorption induced by

subperiosteal injection of particles onto mouse calvariae was

abolished by the MPC grafting on particles


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CONCLUSION

Textile materials like biocompatible polymers

continue to serve an important function in the

development of a range of medical and

surgical products. The introduction of newmaterials, the improvement in production

techniques and fiber properties, and the use

of more accurate and comprehensive testinghave all had significant influence on advancing

fibers for medical applications.

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