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DAMS
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• It is used to store water for future
purposes…• It is also used to produce hydro electric
power from stored water…
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TYPES OF DAMS
• The dams are classied ito two
cate!ories"• #y $sa!e
• #y Materials
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#y $sa!e
• #y usa!e the dams are classied ito"
• Arch dams
• %ra&tiy dams
• Arch'%ra&ity dams
• #arra!e dams
• Em(a)met dams
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#y Materials
• #y materials used for costructio*the
dams are classsied as"• Steel dam
• Tim(er dam
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A+,- DAM
• %orda dam*Tasmaia dam are the e.amples forarch dam/
• I arch dam*sta(ility is o(taied (y acom(iatio of arch ad !ra&ity actio/
• If the upstream face is &ertically theetire wei!ht of the dam must (e carried to thefoudatio (y !ra&ity/
• 0he the upstream face is sloped thedistri(utio is more complicated*
•
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,otd…*
• There are two types of si!le arch dams iuse amely
• ,ostat a!le ad
• ,ostat radius dam/
• ,ostat radius type"'
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This type employs the same face radius atall ele&atio of the dam*which meas thechael !row arrow towards the (ottom ofthe dam/E1"2oes falls dam
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,otd//*
• ,osat a!le dam"'
•I a costat a!le dam*the a!le is)ept a costat ad the &ariatio idistace (etwee the a(utmet at
&arious le&els are ta)e care of &aryi!the radii/
• E1"par)er dam
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,otd//*
• The Multiple arch dam cosists of a
um(er of si!le arch dam withcocrete (uttresses as the supporti!a(utemets…
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%ra&ity dams
• The force that holds the dam i place
a!aist the push from the water isearths !ra&ity pulli! dow o the massof the dam/
• The desi!er tries to shape the dam soif oe were to cosider the part of dama(o&e ay particularhei!ht to (e awhole dam itself/*that dam that alsowould (e held i place (y !ra&ity/
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cotd//*
• More that the shape that pre&ets
tesio i the upstream face alsoelimiates (alaci! compressio stressi the dowstream face*pro&idi!aditioal ecoomy/
• These dams are classied ito hollowad solid dams ad these dams aremade either of cocrete or masory/
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• E.amples for solid ad hollow dams are
!rad coulee ad raddoc) loc)s addams
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A+,-'%+A3ITY DAMS
• -oo&er dam is a e.ample of these
dams• A !ra&itydam ca (e com(ied with a
arch dam ito a arch !ra&ity dam forareas with massi&e amout of water4ow (ut less material a&aila(le for apurely !ra&ity dam/
• The iward comp/ of the dam (y thewater reduces the lateral force acti!o the dam/
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,otd//*
• The !ra&itatio force re5uired (y dam is
lesseed*the dam does ot eed to (e somassi&e/
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#A++A%E DAM
• It is a special )id of dam which
cosists of lie of lar!e !ate ca (eopeed r closed to cotrol the amt ofwater passi! the dam/
• It is used to cotrol ad sta(ili6e thewater 4ow for irri!atio systems/
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EM#A78ME7T DAMS
• These dams are made from compacted
earth ad ha&e two materials"• +oc) ll dams ad
• Earth dams
• It rely o their wei!ht to hold (ac) the
force of water li)e !ra&ity dams madefrom cocrete/
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+oc) ll dams
• The em(a)mets of compacted free draii!!raular earth with a imper&ious 6oe/
• The imper&ious 6oe may (e o the upstreamface ad made of masory*cocrete*plasticmem(rae*steel sheet piles*tim(er ad othermaterial/
•To pre&et iteral erosio of clay itoroc)lldue to seepa!e forces the core isseperated usi! a lter/E1"7ewmeloes dam
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Earth ll dams
• These are costructed as a simpleem(a)met of wall compacted earth/
• A homo!eeous rolled earth dam isetirely costructed oe type of material(ut may cotai a drailayer to collectseep water/
• A iterersti! type of temp/earth damoccasioally used i h!h latitudes/
• E."Tar(ela dam i pa)ista/
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#Y MATE+IA9
• $der this type*The dams are classied
ito"• Steel dams
• tim(er dams
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STEE9 DAMS
• A steel dam is a type of dam (rie4y
e.plaied with i aroud the start of:;th cetury/
• It uses steel plati! ad load (eari!(eams as the structure/
•
Iteded as permaet structures*steeldams were a e.perimeted todetermie if a cost/ techi5ue should(e de&ised that cheaper tha ay othertype of dams/
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TIM#E+ DAM
• It is widely used i early part of idustrialre&olutio ad i frotier areas due to easead speed of costructio/
• Two commo types are cri( ad pla)/
• Tim(er cri( were erected of hea&y tim(ersi the maer of a lo! house ad the
iterior eld with earth/
• The hea&y cri( structure supported thedams ad wei!ht of water/
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,otd//*
• Tim(er pla) were more ele!at
structures that employed a &ariety ofcostat materials utili6i! hea&ytim(ers to support a water retaii!arra!emet of pla)s/
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AD3A7TA%ES OF DAMS
• Electricity is produced at a costat
rate/• It is used for irri!atio purposes/
• Electricity produced (y dam systems doot produce !ree house !ases/
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DISAD3A7TA%ES OFDAMS
• -i!hly e.pesi&e to (uild/
•The 4oodi! of lar!e area of lad measthat the atural e&iromet isdestroyed
• People mi!rate from their ati&e to
ewplace/