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DAMS

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• It is used to store water for future

purposes…• It is also used to produce hydro electric

power from stored water…

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TYPES OF DAMS

• The dams are classied ito two

cate!ories"• #y $sa!e

• #y Materials

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#y $sa!e

• #y usa!e the dams are classied ito"

• Arch dams

• %ra&tiy dams

•  Arch'%ra&ity dams

• #arra!e dams

• Em(a)met dams

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#y Materials

• #y materials used for costructio*the

dams are classsied as"• Steel dam

• Tim(er dam

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 A+,- DAM

• %orda dam*Tasmaia dam are the e.amples forarch dam/

•   I arch dam*sta(ility is o(taied (y acom(iatio of arch ad !ra&ity actio/

•   If the upstream face is &ertically theetire wei!ht of the dam must (e carried to thefoudatio (y !ra&ity/

•   0he the upstream face is sloped thedistri(utio is more complicated*

•  

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,otd…*

• There are two types of si!le arch dams iuse amely

• ,ostat a!le ad

• ,ostat radius dam/

•  ,ostat radius type"'

•

 This type employs the same face radius atall ele&atio of the dam*which meas thechael !row arrow towards the (ottom ofthe dam/E1"2oes falls dam

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,otd//*

• ,osat a!le dam"'

•I a costat a!le dam*the a!le is)ept a costat ad the &ariatio idistace (etwee the a(utmet at

 &arious le&els are ta)e care of &aryi!the radii/

• E1"par)er dam

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,otd//*

• The Multiple arch dam cosists of a

um(er of si!le arch dam withcocrete (uttresses as the supporti!a(utemets…

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%ra&ity dams

• The force that holds the dam i place

a!aist the push from the water isearths !ra&ity pulli! dow o the massof the dam/

• The desi!er tries to shape the dam soif oe were to cosider the part of dama(o&e ay particularhei!ht to (e awhole dam itself/*that dam that alsowould (e held i place (y !ra&ity/

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cotd//*

• More that the shape that pre&ets

tesio i the upstream face alsoelimiates (alaci! compressio stressi the dowstream face*pro&idi!aditioal ecoomy/

• These dams are classied ito hollowad solid dams ad these dams aremade either of cocrete or masory/

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• E.amples for solid ad hollow dams are

!rad coulee ad raddoc) loc)s addams

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 A+,-'%+A3ITY DAMS

• -oo&er dam is a e.ample of these

dams•  A !ra&itydam ca (e com(ied with a

arch dam ito a arch !ra&ity dam forareas with massi&e amout of water4ow (ut less material a&aila(le for apurely !ra&ity dam/

• The iward comp/ of the dam (y thewater reduces the lateral force acti!o the dam/

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,otd//*

• The !ra&itatio force re5uired (y dam is

lesseed*the dam does ot eed to (e somassi&e/

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#A++A%E DAM

• It is a special )id of dam which

cosists of lie of lar!e !ate ca (eopeed r closed to cotrol the amt ofwater passi! the dam/

• It is used to cotrol ad sta(ili6e thewater 4ow for irri!atio systems/

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EM#A78ME7T DAMS

• These dams are made from compacted

earth ad ha&e two materials"• +oc) ll dams ad

• Earth dams

• It rely o their wei!ht to hold (ac) the

force of water li)e !ra&ity dams madefrom cocrete/

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+oc) ll dams

• The em(a)mets of compacted free draii!!raular earth with a imper&ious 6oe/

• The imper&ious 6oe may (e o the upstreamface ad made of masory*cocrete*plasticmem(rae*steel sheet piles*tim(er ad othermaterial/

•To pre&et iteral erosio of clay itoroc)lldue to seepa!e forces the core isseperated usi! a lter/E1"7ewmeloes dam

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Earth ll dams

• These are costructed as a simpleem(a)met of wall compacted earth/

•  A homo!eeous rolled earth dam isetirely costructed oe type of material(ut may cotai a drailayer to collectseep water/

•  A iterersti! type of temp/earth damoccasioally used i h!h latitudes/

• E."Tar(ela dam i pa)ista/

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#Y MATE+IA9

• $der this type*The dams are classied

ito"• Steel dams

• tim(er dams

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STEE9 DAMS

•  A steel dam is a type of dam (rie4y

e.plaied with i aroud the start of:;th cetury/

• It uses steel plati! ad load (eari!(eams as the structure/

•

Iteded as permaet structures*steeldams were a e.perimeted todetermie if a cost/ techi5ue should(e de&ised that cheaper tha ay othertype of dams/

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TIM#E+ DAM

• It is widely used i early part of idustrialre&olutio ad i frotier areas due to easead speed of costructio/

• Two commo types are cri( ad pla)/

• Tim(er cri( were erected of hea&y tim(ersi the maer of a lo! house ad the

iterior eld with earth/

• The hea&y cri( structure supported thedams ad wei!ht of water/

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,otd//*

• Tim(er pla) were more ele!at

structures that employed a &ariety ofcostat materials utili6i! hea&ytim(ers to support a water retaii!arra!emet of pla)s/

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 AD3A7TA%ES OF DAMS

• Electricity is produced at a costat

rate/• It is used for irri!atio purposes/

• Electricity produced (y dam systems doot produce !ree house !ases/

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DISAD3A7TA%ES OFDAMS

• -i!hly e.pesi&e to (uild/

•The 4oodi! of lar!e area of lad measthat the atural e&iromet isdestroyed

• People mi!rate from their ati&e to

ewplace/