Download - Presentation OU 10
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
1/17
Institute of Technology of Cambodia
Presentation of Unit Operation&*
Professor: Mr Hak Sokchea
Group 10Students
Mr Van VidaMr Khiev Khemmara Mr He Ravy
Miss Thang Kim Hoeurn Miss Tuy Phearun
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
2/17
Kwang-Sup Youn, Joo-Heon, Dong-Ho Bae,
Seok-Joong Kim, Soon-Dong Kim
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
3/17
&Plan of Presentation*
I. Introduction
II. Experimental
III. Result and discussion
IV. Conclusion
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
4/17
&Introduction
* The apples are the fruits we can make the juice for
drinking
Reported raw apple juices contain relative high
quantities of polymer such as polysaccharides, pectinand protein, etc
Membrane technology for getting the juice,microfiltration and ultra filtration with filter-aids
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
5/17
&Experimental'
1. Materials
2. Condition for pretreatment with filter aids3. Membrane filtration
4. Quality analysis
5. Resistance in series model
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
6/17
1. MaterialsApple juice concentrate (cloudy, 45o Brix)
The apple was supplied by the apple juice-processing
factoryApple Argricultural used for further experiment after
reconstituted with pure water into 12.5o Brix
Definition:Degrees Brix (symbol Bx) is a measurement of the fraction of sugarper hundred parts aqueous solution, by mass. It is measured with asaccharimeter, an instrument that measures specific gravity the liquid, ormore easily with a refractometer. For example, a 25Bx solution is 25% sugar,or 1 part sugar to 3 parts water.
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
7/17
2. Condition for pretreatment with filter-aids
As pretreatments prior to membrane filtrations, Microfiltration and Ultra filtration
The use of filter-aids such as :
Bentonite
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)
Activated carbon
These materials are generally used to absorb
impurities, particles and microorganism inconjugation with membrane filtration
Enzyme : Pectinase
Amilase
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
8/17
3. Membrane filtrationThe pretreatment apple juices were applied to two kind of membrane
Microfiltration (MF)
Ultra filtration (UF)
Both of them are the hollow fiber type made ofpolysulfone material and their characteristics are
compared in the table following
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
9/17
Unit Ultrafiltration
Membrane
(SKUF30-103)
Microfiltration
Membrane
(SKMF01-103)
Membrane i.d./o.d mm 0.8/1.4 0.4/0.6
MWCO - 30000 -
Membrane pore size - - 0.01
Membrane area m2 0.06 0.07
Initial fluxa 1/h 28.8 40.0
Operating pressure kgf/cm2 1-2 0.5-3
Maximum pressure kgf/cm2 3 5
Maximum temperature oC 60 95
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
10/17
4. Quality analysis
1. pH and titratable acidity
2. Turbidity
3. Tannin content4. Color
5. Free sugars content
6. Organic acids content
7. Vitamin C content
Apple juice concentrate (45o Brix)
Reconstituted juice (12.5o Brix) bydilution
Pretreatment by filter aid
Filter aid 1
Bentonite (0.5%)PVPP (0.2%)
Activated carbon (10-14mesh, 1.0%)Conditions: 20oC, 130rpm, 60min.
Filter aid 2
Enzyme: - pectinase 0.03%- amylase 0.003%
Conditions : 40o
C, 60 min.Inactivated 80oC, 5 min.
Membrane separationby UF and MF
Clear apple juice
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
11/17
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of BUS-200 system for microfiltration and ultrafiltration:
(1) feed tank, (2) valve, (3) feed pump, (4) rotameter, (5) pressure gauge, (6)
membrane, (7) permeate, (8) retenate, (9) flowmeter
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
12/17
4.Resistance in series model
Permeate flux(Jt) of a membrane can be expressed with the filtrationresistance model, whose concept was based on the resistance series model.
Permeate flux(Jt) was calculated using the equation :
Jt = P / Rt = P / (Rm + Rc + Rf)
P : average transmembrane
Rt : total resistanceRc : cake layer resistance
Rf : fouling resistance
Rm : intrinsic resistance
: viscosity
Jw : water flux
Rm= P / w Jw Rf= P / w Jf- Rm
Rc = Rt - Rf- Rm Rt= P / Jf
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
13/17
&Results and discussion'1. Condition for pretreatment with filter- aids
Follow the filtration we can remark :
- Bentonite 0.5%, PVPP 0.2%, Activated carbon 1.0% , Pectinase 0.03%
Amilase 0.003% at 40oC
All pretreatments were done for 60 min
2. Effect of various treatments on apple juice turbidity Bentonite has the highest clarification ability followed by enzyme ,
PVPP, and activated carbon
The pH and total acidity were not changed significantly by two types of
membrane filtration as well as by pretreatment
3. Permeate flux during membrane filtrations Among filter-aids, bentonite was the best in both membrane processes
Activated carbon was not appropriate to enhance the permeate flux
4. Resistance change during membrane filtrations Total resistance (Rt) during UF was higher than MF due to the higher
operation pressure
Bentonite, especially, can reduce the the Rc/Rt without the raise of Rf/Rt
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
14/17
&Results and discussion'
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
15/17
&Results and discussion'5. Color change during membrane filtrations
In PO group, bentonite was superior because it changed the color closer to
yellow than others, from 136.8 to 125.1
6. Quality change during membrane filtration Free sugar : content was not changed by membrane filter-aid
Organic acid content was not changed by each treatment Vitamin C : filter-aid did not have any problem in Vitamin C ultilzation
from the final permeated juice.
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
16/17
&Conclusions'
This study was conducted to establish the optimal condition
for apple juice clarification by the membrane filtration with filter-aid
Through the study filter-aids to reduce the juice turbidity by using
Bentonite, PVPP and activated carbon for pretreatmentThe things happened after the result of process were analyzed
The color of apple juice was improved toward yellowish by
bentonite
Quality index was kept well during the clarification process
So the utrafiltration with bentonite filter-aid was optimal to clarify
apple juice effectively
-
7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10
17/17
Thank you very much!
Good luck!