Download - Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
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1/199
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 2
HYRJE
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &
Problemi i Perpunimit te Informaionit
' A()$ritmi *
+ Sh,i#et -
+ Merret %)a (irat -
' /e,rimet aritmeti#e *
+ Nmrat$r1a -
' K$ha *
+ ***' Si)ria *
+ ***
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
Z!"i#$"a e Ker%uar &
' At$mati!imi i 3e,rime3e
+ Sh,e1tesi
+ Si)ri
' Shem1 + A%ti#thera
+ Ktia m!i#$re
+ Aritm$metri + Ma#i%a e Baa)e
+ -
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 4
& Komp"uteri
' Ar#ite#tra
+ K1tesa
' Pr$)rami 5he te 5he%at
+ Pr$6es$ri
' F%#si$%et
+ /e,rime i%are e(eme%tare
+ Pr$)ramim se#e%6ia(' G1ha
+ Bi%are
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 7
Komple%'iteti
' Ma#i%a
+ Kre% %mer te 3$)e( 3e,rimesh e(eme%tare
' Pr$(emi
+ Th1eshtesia e 3e,rime3e te ma#i%es 8
+ K$m,(e#siteti i 3ar)t te #$ma%5a3e e(eme%tare
' /eshtiresite
+ Pr$)ramimi + G1ha i%are
+ N5erfaesit
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S$embull ( Altair)**++
'
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8/199 N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;
S$embull ( a,b
' "DA 00
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S$embull ( n#erfa-imi
' reset
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13/199 N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
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14/199 N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
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15/199 N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
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16/199 N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e re!(tatet?
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17/199 N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
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18/199 N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
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20/199 N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 20
Hi'toria e Si'teme2e te S$fr3te.imit
4GENESIS 5
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21/199 N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 2<
1ene'i'
' Epoka e llampave elektronike pa sisteme shfrytezimi
' D ,r$(eme + ma%H 3eshtiresia e ,er5$rimit
+ E#$%$mi#H #$ha efe#ti3e e ,%es te ,r$6es$rit te,er e
sh#rter #rahasar me #$he% e ,er)atit1es
' Z)1i5h1a + N5ar1a e ,er,%imit %)a ,er)atit1a
KOA
PROESOR
PERGATIT@E
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4Treni i pune2e5 6batch7
' Epoka e tranzistoreve dhe “treni i puneve”
' Per5$rimi i ,ais1e3e ma)%eti#e si %5erm1etese
+ Per5$resit #a($1%e ,%et ,r$)ramet J te 5he%atL 5hemari% re!(tatet %e ,erf$#arta $se shirit ma)%eti#
+ O,erat$ri sh#eme% 3etem ,erf$#artat shiritat
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHH
PRO8ESORI
9E/UES SHKRUES
HHHHHHHHHHHH
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 2&
8lirimi i proe'orit
' Per)atit1a ehet me 5isa ,ais1e me #$st$ te (et' Per,%imi ehet %e %1e ,r$6es$r me #$st$ te (arte
KOA
PROESOR
PERGATIT@E
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 2
:re"t 'i'teme2e te '$fr3te.imit
' Shma%)ia e $,erat$rit
+ P%et %e shirit ma)%eti#
+ K$ma%5at e fi((imit ehe%
' Lexo paisjen e hyrjes
' Regjistro leximin ne kujtese,adresa AAAA
' G! AAAA
+ Pr$)rami ,er5$resit mar$%
me' G! """"
SISTEMI PROGRAMI
)$t$ aaaa
)$t$ 0000
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 24
Hi'toria e Si'teme2e te S$fr3te.imit
4EVOLUCION”
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 27
E2oluioni
' Epoka e #ar#eve te integruar, multiprogramimi
+ U(et #$st$ e #$m,1tera3e
' Rritet ,er5$rimi %e sh#e%6e 5he e#$%$mi
+ Rritet sh,e1tesia e ,r$6es$rit %5a1 ,eriferi#e3e
+ Rishfaet ,r$(emi i #$hes te ,r$6es$rit
' Keshfrte!im %e ,r$(emet e#$%$mi#e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 2:
A%oma per lirimin e proe'orit
• Problemet shkencore – pune intensive meprocesorin
• Problemet ekonomike – pune intensive meperiferiket– Kujtesa ndihmese ka shpejtesi te ulet (bartes magnetik)
KOA
PROESORI
PERIFERIKE
KOA
PROESORI
PERIFERIKE
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 2;
Multipro!ramimi
' M(ti,r$)ramimi
+ SPOO" >Sim(ta%e$s Peri,hera( O,erati$% O% "i%e?
' (ir$het ,r$6es$ri %)a #$m%i#imi me ,eriferi#et
' K$m%i#im 5ire#t ,eriferi# + #1tese + Mahe% 5isa ,r$)rame %e #1tese
+ K$ha e ,r$6es$rit 6$,t$het mi5is ,r$)rame3e
+ Shfrte!$het #$ha e hr1e5a(1e3e me ,eriferi#et
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 29
Multipro!ramimi 0
' Detra shtese
+ A5mi%istrimi i #1teses
+ A5mi%istrimi i ,eriferi#e3e
' Sistemet e s#e5are3e + Mr$1t1a %)a %5erhr1et e %1eri t1etrit
+ U%ifi#imi i %5ar1es te #$hes %e %1esi te araarta
' K$%6e,ti i #$hes se %5are
+ Per5$rimi i termi%a(e3e 5he m(ti,er5$rimi + Sistemet e shfrte!imit m(ti,er5$res
' MU"TIQ 5he UNIQ
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &0
Kon%urimi i pro!rame2e
K$ha
Pr$)ramet
Pr$)rami <
Pr$)rami 2
Pr$)rami &
r1eDa(1e
K$he ,rit1e ,er ,r$6es$ri%Ka 3e%5 ,er ,r$)rami%
P<
P2
P&
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &<
Roli i 'i'temit te '$fr3te.imit
' Sistemi i shfrte!imit eshte,r$)rami #res$r %e #1tese
' ar#((imi i ,r$)rame3e 5#e%5are #$he% e ,r$6es$rit
+ R$%5 R$i%
+ K(asat e ,er,aresi3e
' Mr$1t1a e #1teses %)a #a,1et e
%5ers1e((ta te ,aat$ri!ara' Si%#r$%i!imi mi5is ,r$)rame3e
5he shfrte!imi i rime3e
SISTEMI PROG2
=rite
PROG<
rea5
=rite
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &2
;#ar"a e %o$e'
' $,timi i #$hes mi5is ,r$)rame3e
+ Kr #a #$m%i#im me ,eriferi#et
+ Kr te1#a($het %1e i%ter3a( #$he i 6a#tar
' /e,r$% sistemi i %5er,rer1e3e
K$ha
Pr$)ramet
OS
%5er,rer1e e re%5shme
hr1e5a(1e
Sesi$% #riti# N5er,rer1e%)a 1ashte
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &&
:re"t MS):OS)it
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &
shiriti
Ri%t$im te% treni i pune2e
' S P2HDATA KODI S P
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &4
Hapi pare #re"t MS):OS)it
' I%ter,retesit 5he sistemet e ,ara te shfrte!imit
L1: read keyboard
store buffer
display
if buffer=“enter” goto L2
goto L1
L2: case buffer
begin
“dir”: xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
...
“copy”: yyyyyyy
yyyyyyy ...
...
else : display “error”
end
goto L1
,r$6e5ra e#$ma%5es 5ir
,r$6e5ra e#$ma%5es 6$,
5ir
,er5$resi ,er5$r 3etem tastiere%
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &7
MS):OS #$e Per#orue'i
' L1: read keyboard store buffer display
if “enter” goto L2
goto L1
L2: case buffer
begin
“dir”: ...
“copy”: ...
...
else : search file(buffer)
if fail display “error”
copy file to !!!!
"all !!!!
end
goto L1
,er5$resi ,er5$r si tastiere% e5he
5is#% me s#e5arete ,r$)rame3e
a(fa
a(fa
MSDOS ,er5$resi
a(fa
sistemi #a($%%e ,rit1e
e#!e#t$het,r$)ramia(fa i,er5$resit
retr%
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &:
Kompletimi i MS):OS)it
' L1: read keyboard ...L2: case buffer
...
"all AAAA
end
goto L1
,er5$resi ,er5$r si tastiere% e5he
5is#% me s#e5arete ,r$)rame3e
,er5$r thirr1et esistemit ,er
rea(i!imi% e hr1e5a(1e3e
a(fa
a(fa
MSDOS ,er5$resi
a(fa
I%ter3a( $sh,er sistemi%,r$)rami% 5he,r$6es$ri%
retr%
rea5
,ri%t
procedure #$!%
begin
...
end
procedure PRINT
...
DD rea5 reest
Reest 6$m,(ete5
reest 6$m,(ete5
fi(e rea5 reest
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &;
;!ar%imi i 'i'temit te '$fr3te.imit
' BIOS + i%i6ia(i!imi fi(($% te# BIOS
+ #rhe% testet e har5erit
+ %)ar#$% BOOT %)a ,istae ,are e 5is#t
' BOOT + #ri1$het %e ,iste% e ,are
te 5is#t )1ate i%sta(imitte sistemit
+ (e$% s#e5aret e sistemit%)a 5is#
+ %)ar#$% sistemi% %e#1tese
ROM
RAM
BIOS
DOS
#1tesa
BOOT
DOS
DOS
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &9
S$%urt mbi 'i'temet e '$fr3te'imit
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 0
Ko$e #$e probleme
' Ne fi((imet e sisteme3e te shfrte!imit + har5eri #ishte #$st$ te,er te (arte
+ s%a %e $,timi!imi% e ,%es te ,r$6es$rit
+ s#e5aret m(ti,r$)ramimi %5ar1a e #$hes
' Me shfa1e% e )1e%erates se #atert te #$m,1tera3e + har5eri #a #$st$ te (et #a,a6itete te (arta 5he
+ #a,a6itetet te1#a($1%e #er#esat e shme ,er5$res3e
+ s%$het $,timi!imi i ,%es te ,er5$resit' sistemet i%tera#ti3e
' rr1etat 5he I%ter%eti
' I%te)rimi i te#%$($)1i3e te i%f$rma6i$%it 5he #$m%i#imit
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e <
:et3rat e 'i'teme2e te '$fr3te.imit
' A5mi%istrimi i #1teses e%5r$re' A5mi%istrimi i #1tesa3e ,eriferi#e
+ Sistemet e s#e5are3e
' K$m%i#imi me ,ais1et e 1ashtme
+ sistemet )rafi#e + ,eriferi#et 5he rr1etat
' M(ti,r$)ramimi + ,ara(e(i!mi 5he #$%#re%6a
'Mr$1t1a + at$ri!imi i ,er5$res3e + mr$1t1a %)a %5erhr1et e ,aat$ri!ara
+ e3i5e%timi i %)1ar1e3e 5he i #$st$s
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 2
M"etet e 'i'teme2e te '$fr3te.imit
' Sistemi i a5mi%istrimit te #1teses' Sistemi i a5mi%istrimit te s#e5are3e' Sistemi i hr1e5a(1e3e
+ )a6#a she((L e 5#shme e sistemit
+ ,r$t$#$((et e #$m%i#imit + 5ri3er at e ,eriferi#e3e
' Me#a%i!mat e si%#r$%i!imit 5he #$%#re%6es' Sistemi i mr$1t1es
+ (istat e ,er5$res3e 5he te 5re1tat e hr1es
+ #$%tr$((i i #a,1es te te 5he%a3e 5he #1teses + re)1istri ($)L i %)1ar1e3e 5he fatrimi
' Pr$)rame %5ihmese + e5it$ret #$m,i(at$ret (i5hesit >(i%#er? (irarite et1.
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e &
:i'a #re"time te .$2illimit a%tual
' N5erfaesit m(time5ia(e
+ sistemet )rafi#e
' Sistemet e i%te)rar eme5e5L
'Rr1etat i%f$rmati#e 5he I%ter%eti' Sistemet ,ara(e(e
+ ,r$)ramimi ,ara(e(
' Sistemet e sh,er%5are
+ sistemet #(ie%t ser3er + #(ster me P 5he GRID
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
Kla'ifi%ime &
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 4
Kla'ifi%imi 4m$%$8m(ti i 'i'teme2e
U%i J "i%
MSVi%5$=s 2KMSVi%5$=s &m(ti,r$)ramim
MSDOSm$%$,r$)ramim
m(ti,er5$resm$%$,er5$res
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 7
Si'temet te%'t #$e !rafi%e
MSVi%5$=s)rafi#e
U%i J Q=i%5$=s
"i% J QFree;7
te#st m$5e memishtrese )rafi#e
MSDOS
U%i J "i%te#st m$5e
aaaaaaaaa
matri6eKara#teresh
24 ;0
matri6eme ,ie(s
;0 70700 ;00
:7;
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :
;#erfa-imi me per#orue'it
U%i J "i%
MSVi%5$=s
#$%tr$(( %e5ista%6e
U%i J "i%
Q=i%5$=stermi%a(e 3irta(eL
U%i J "i%#$%s$(a 3irta(e
MSDOS
MSVi%5$=s#$%s$(e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;
>UFFER
' 3$i5
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 9
Ar%ite%tura e 'i'teme2e te '$fr3te.imit
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 40
Pro!rame #$e proe'e
' Pr$)rami
+ eshte ash#esi ,r$6e5rash
+ !)1i5h 5etra te ,er5$resit
' Pr$6e5ra
+ eshte ash#esi i%str#si$%esh + !)1i5h 5etra (($)aritese %e #a5er te ,r$)ramit
' Pr$6esi
+ eshte 6$,eL e ,r$)ramit %e e#!e#tim
+ rea(i!$het %e me%re at$%$me + ,er5$r ha,esire% 3etia#e %e #1tese
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 4<
Pro!rame #$e 'i'teme '$fr3te.imi
' Pr$)rami eshte ash#esi,r$6e5rash
' Sistemi i shfrte!imit eshte%1e (($1 i 3e6a%te ,r$)rami 8
ash#esi ,r$6e5rash' Pr$6e5rat therrasi% %1era
t1etre% si,as %1e )rafi
' Pr$)ramet Sistemet
#(asifi#$he% si,as str#treshierar#i#e te )rafit te,r$6e5ra3e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 42
Si'temi
S$fr3te.imit
VM
Stru%tura e 'i'temit te '$fr3te.imit
' Shtrese!imi i hierar#ise se ,r$6e5ra3e te sistemit
' Shtresa makine virtuale ,%$% mi har5eri%
A,(i#imi
Pr$6e5re Pr$6e5re
Pr$6. a!e Pr$6. a!ePr$6. a!e
ar5eri
t$irr"e te 'i'temit
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 4&
Thirr1et e sistemit
AP9IKIMI
,ri%t >f$rmat A B ?
9ibrari :inami%e
,ri%t>f$rmatQ-? W
f$r Q- ,ri%t>Q$r)DestSi!e?X
Ma%ina Virtuale
,ri%t>ORGDESTSIZE? W"DA -
STA -X
Har#ueri
Thirr1e f%s#i$%i %)a (irari 5i%ami#e>CC *?
Thirr1e f%#si$%i sistemi>Asam(er*?
Rea(i!im i f%#si$%it tesistemit %e har5er
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 4
T$irr"et e 'i'temit ? '$embu"
' A5mi%istrimi i ,r$6ese3e + ,i5f$r#>-?
' Si%1a(i!imi mi5is ,r$6ese3e
+ S#i((>,i5si)?
' A5mi%istrimi i s#e5are3e
+ f5$,e%>fi(eh$=?
+ %rea5>f5ffer%tes?
+ %=rite>f5ffer%tes?
+ s6($se>f5?
' A5mi%istrimi i 5ire#t$ri3e
+ sm#5ir>%amem$5e?
Kri1$het %1e ,r$6es i ri
Si%1a(i!$het ,r$6esi te %5a($1e ristart$1e et1.
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 44
Stru%turimi i 'i'teme2e te '$fr3te.imit
' Sistemet m$%$(ite
+ PU %e 5 m$5aH ,er5$res 5he erthame >#er%e(?' Sisteme me shtresa >%a!at %e M(ti?
+ A,(i#ime te ,er5$res3e
+ A5mi%istrimi hr1e5a(1e3e
+ A5mi%istrimi #1teses + M(ti,r$)ramimi
' Ma#i%a 3irta(e + Berthama e sistemit #ri1$% #$,1e 3irta(e te har5erit
+ Pertim em($% i;0;7 -
' K(ie%tSer3er + Berthame mi%ima(e ,er 3ete sistemi%
+ Pr$6ese te sistemit rea(i!$he% si ,r$6ese ,er5$resi
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 4:
Si'temet me '$tre'a @ una.a
' K$%6e,ti i shtresa3e
A,(i#ime
"irarite 5i%ami#e te IO
A5mi%istrimi #1teses
M(tiPr$)ramimi
ar5eri
a,,(i>ERTHAMA
Q
' 5$ shtresa #$m%i#$%3etem me shtresat fi%1esi,as rre)((a3e te 6a#tara
thirr1esistemi
thirr1e e,a(e1ar sistemi
,$rte e thirr1este sistemit
AP9IKIME
A5mi%istrimi i IO me =
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 4;
User >#(ie%t?OS >ser3er?
Si'temet %lient ? 'er2er
' Pr$6eset e sistemit rea(i!$he%%e ,$ ate %i3e( si 5he,r$6eset e ,er5$resit + Pr$6eset e sistemit 8 ser3er
+ Pr$6eset e ,er5$resit 8 #(ie%t' Mi#r$erthame ,er + M(ti,r$)ramimi%
+ r1e 5a(1et me har5eri%
+ Tra%sferimi% e thirr1e3e te
sistemit %)a ,r$6eset #(ie%t %eat$ ser3er
8PU
mi#r$erthama
,r $6e
s
,r $6e
s
,r $6e
s
,r $6e
s
,r $6e
s
,r $6e
s
,r $6e
s
,r $6e
s
thirr1esistemi
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 49
Si'temet me ma%ina 2irtuale
' S,er mi#r$erthame ,er
+ m(ti,r$)ramimi%
+ Pr$6eset ,er PU 3irta(e
' N1e PU 3irta(e ma% %1e
sistem shfrte!imi + Para(e(i!em 3irta( i 5isa
sisteme3e shfrte!imi
' S,ererthame ,ersistemet me ,r$6es$r I%te( 8
,ara(e(i!em 3irta( mi5isH + MSVi%5$=s
+ "i%
ar5eri >PU?s,er erthame
PU PU PU PU
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
OS& OS
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
,r $
6es
OS< OS2
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 70
Proe'et
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 7<
' Pr$6esi 8 ,r$)ram %e e#!e#tim + Gr, i%str#si$%esh >,r$)ram? %e e#!e#tim
+ At$%$m %e ra,$rt me ,r$6eset e t1era
' Brimet e ,r$6esit
+ a,esira e #1teses' K$5i 5he te 5he%at
' Sti3a ,er thirr1e% e ,r$6e5ra3e
+ PB >Pr$6ess $%tr$( B($6#?' Atritet e ,r$6esit
' Tre)esit ,er ha,esire% e #1teses
' Tre)esit ,er FB >Fi(e $%tr$( B($6#?
' Ima!hi ,r$6esit #r %5er,ritet + K$,1a e re)1istra3e te ,r$6es$rit
Konepti i Proe'it
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 72
Kri"imi #$e 42ra'"a5 e proe'e2e
' Thirr1a e ,r$6e5ra3e ' Kri1imi i ,r$6ese3e
6a((
6a((
retr%
retr%
Pr$6esi A>,r$6e5rat ,er5$ri% te
%1e1te% ha,esire #1tese?
f$r#
6a((
retr%
#i((
Pr$6esi A
Pr$6esi B
P<
P2 P; P5
P9 Pe
Pa
P P6
$rte# i ,r$6ese3ee #ri1$1%e %1eri t1etri%me #$ma%5e% f$r#
P4
P7 Pf
P)P:
>,r$6eset A 5he B ,er5$ri%ha,esira #1tese te %5rshme?
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 7&
Proe' #$e thread
' “!hread” 8 ,r$6es i (ehte %e%,r$6es + Disa threads %5a1%e ha,esire% e ,erash#et te #1teses
+ PB e !)1erar >re)1istrat e PU et1.?
+ Ritet #$m,(e#siteti i ash#e3e,rimit 5he si%#r$%i!imit
,r$6es
threa5
< ,r$6es < threa5 < ,r$6es % threa5
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 7
A#mini'trimi i proe'e2e
' Tae(a e Pr$6ese3e
+ Pr$6ess $%tr$( B($6# >PB?
' Re)1istrat e PU
' Tre)es >,$i%ter? ,er se)me%tet e #1teses
' Persh#resit e s#e5are3e >Fi(e $%tr$( B($6#?
' Pri$riteti i e#!e#timit
' Te 5he%a te t1era >,er5$resi 5ire#t$ria et1.?
str6t ,r$6 W str6t sta6#frames ,re) Y ,r$6ess re)isters sa3e5 i% sta6# frame Y ,r$6%rt ,%r Y %mer $f this ,r$6ess >f$r fast a66ess? Y str6t ,ri3 Y,,ri3 Y sstem ,ri3i(e)es str6tre Y 6har ,rtsf(a)s Y SENDING REEI/ING et6. Y 6har ,mis6f(a)s Y F(a)s that 5$ ss,e%5 the ,r$6ess Y 6har ,,ri$rit Y 6rre%t s6he5(i%) ,ri$rit Y 6har ,ma,ri$rit Y maimm s6he5(i%) ,ri$rit Y
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 74
Ku"te'a
a,esira e K1tesese Pr$6esit
Proe'i #$e P8>
'
K$5i Pr$6esit
Te Dhe%at
Sti3a
Sistemi i Shfrte!imit
PB PROESORI
re)1ister
re)1ister
re)1ister
Atritet e Pr$6esit
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 77
Proe'et #$e %u"te'a
' Tae(a e PB 5he RoundRo$in
>Berthama?
K$5i i OS
e PB
KUJTESA
Pr$6ess %
K$5i J teDhe%a
...Pr$6ess <
K$5i J teDhe%a
Tae(a
OS #er%e( PB
Pr$6ess % PB
Pr$6ess %< PB-
Pr$6ess & PB
Pr$6ess 2 PB
Pr$6ess < PBI % t er r 0 , t J R $ 0%
5 R $ . i %
s,er 3i
!$r i
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 7:
Reali.imi i proe'e2e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 79
;#r3'$imi i !"en#"e2e
' N5rshimi i )1e%51e3e ehet + Ka(imi < ehet #r ,r$6esi i (eshar %)a ,er5$resi ftet %e
rra5he% e ,rit1es ,er e#!e#tim
+ Ka(imi 2 5he & ehe% %)a s,er3$!$ri i sistemit' Ka(imi 2 #r ,r$6esi #a ,($tesar #$te% e #$hes te PU
' Ka(imi & #r ,r$6esit te %5er,rere i ri31e% rra5ha e PU + Ka(imi ehet #r ,r$6esi %# m%5 te 3a!h5$1e
' Ker#ese ,er hr1e5a(1e
' N5er,rer1e %)a 1ashte
' Ki1im sitate (($#imi
+ Ka(imi 4 ehet #r ,($tes$he% #shtet' Perf%5$% hr1e5a(1a' Perf%5$% tra1timi i %5er,rer1es
' Perf%5$% sitata (($#ese
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :0
1"en#"et #$e rra#$et
' Rea(i!imi i rra5he3e te )1e%51e3e Rea5 5he Vaiti%)
K1tesa
OS
r%
rea5
=ait
ready
=aiti%)
PID
PID
PID
PID
PCB
PID
PID
PID
PID
6$5e
5ata
6$5e
5ata
6$5e
5ata
6$5e
5atas6he5
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :<
Politi%at e rra#$e2e
' Pr$6eset %e rra5he% GATI m%5 te #a,e% %1eri ,ast1etrit si,as s#emes FIFO ,er te marre #$%tr$((i% e PU
' Disa ,r$6ese m%5 te #e#$1%e ,er,aresi
+ E#!e#timi ,a ,ritr rra5he%
' Kate)$ri!imi i ,r$6ese3e
' S#ema FIFO re%5a %1e #ate)$rie
' P$(iti#at e ,er,aresise mi5is #ate)$ri3e
+ Ma%ahimi i ,r$6ese3e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :2
ManaB$imi i proe'e2e
' Pr$(emi 6faet #r mi %1e ,r$6es eshte GATI + Me#a%i!mat e !)1e5h1e3e 1a%e #$%ta5i#t$re
+ Disa #ritereH
' Dre1tesia + 65$ ,r$6es te mare ,1ese% e 3et te PU
' Efi6e%sa + PU te shfrte!$het
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :&
Me%ani.mat e manaB$imit
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :
4Roun# Robin5
' Pr$6eset 3e%5$se% %e (iste FIFO
' Per ,r$6eset 6a#t$het i%ter3a(i a%tm PU
+ Pr$6esi rra5hes ,($tes$% a%tmi% 5he (($#$het
+ Pr$6esi ,asar5hes %e (iste merr #$%tr$((i% e PU
' N5ar1a e #$hes a%tm >efe#ti3itet 8 ,rit1e?
+ K$m,r$mis
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :4
ManaB$imi me perpare'i
' Kate)$ri!imi i ,er5$rimit si,as re%5esise' Per,aresite
+ Stati#e >te ,ara6a#tara?
+ Di%ami#e >%5rsh$1%e %e #$he?
' K$ma%5a U%i %i6e
' Kate)$ri!imi i ,er,aresi3e J rra5het e ,er,aresi3e
Per,aresia 0
Per,aresia <
Per,aresia 2
Per,aresia
P0< P02
P
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :7
Perpare'ite #inami%e
' Z3$)e(imi )ra5a( i ,er,aresise + Pr$(emi i rrit1es te ,er,aresise ,er ,r$6eset i%tera#ti3e
' Per,aresi ,%es me te sh#rter
+ Ns. e m%5eshme ,arashi#imi i #$hes
' K$ma%5at i%era#ti3e si ,%e te 3e6a%ta
+ Parashi#imi i #$hes si,as s1e((1es
' Ma%ahimi me (($tari
+ "($tari shtese ,er ,r$6eset ,er,ares$re
+ ar#((imi (($tari3e mi5is ,r$6ese3e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ::
ManaB$imi ne #3 ni2ele
' /e%5$set %1e ,1ese te ,r$6ese3e me ,er,ari te (etL %e5is# ,er (irimi% e #1teses
' S,er3i!$ri %5a% #$he% e PU ,er ,r$6eset %e #1tese.Peri$5i#isht
+ Pr$6eset ,er shme #$he %e #1tese #a($1%e %e 5is#
+ Pr$6eset ,er shme #$he %e 5is# #a($1%e %e #1tese
' D %i3e(e te s,er3i!$rit
+ Ni3e(i (et tra1t$% ,r$6eset %e #1tese + Ni3e(i (arte tra1t$% sh#emimi% e ,r$6ese3e 5is# #1tese
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :;
Politi%at #$e me%ani.mat
' S,er3i!$ri %# #$%si5er$% s,e6ifi#at e ,er5$res3e %etra1timi% e ,er,aresi3e
' N5ahe% me#a%i!mat e s,er3i!$rit %)a ,$(iti#at e
5he%ies ,er,aresi ,r$6ese3e %)a ,er5$resi' Pr$6esi #res$r m%5 te ,er5$re thirr1e te sistemit ,er te
%5rshar ,er,aresite e %e%,r$6ese3e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e :9
Kon%urena e proe'e2e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;0
Ve%toret e n#erprer"e2e
' N5er,rer1a sh$er$het me %1e %mer i5e%tifi#es >INT %?' /e#t$ri i %5er,rer1e3e ma% tre)esit ,er ,r$6e5rat e
sherimit te %5er,rer1e3e si,as %mrit i5e%tif#es
' Tra1timi i %5er,rer1es ,erfshi%
+ K$,1$het %mrat$ri i ,r$)ramit te PU %e sti3e
+ Ka($het %e,erm1et 3e#t$rit te %5er,rer1e3e si,asi5e%tifi#esit te %5er,rer1es %e ,r$6e5re% e sherimit
+ K$,1$het )1e%51a e PU %e PB e ,r$6esit te %5er,rere
+ Rea(i!$het ,r$6esi i sherimit te %5er,rer1es' Ri#thehet #$%tr$((i %e ,r$6esi% e %5er,rere $se
' Ne m(ti,r$)ramim a#ti3i!$het ,r$6esi i rra5hes
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;<
Kon%urena mi#i' proe'e2e
' Tre ,r$(eme + Sh#emimi i i%f$rma6i$%it mi5is ,r$6ese3e
+ K$%#re%6a %e rimet e ,erash#eta
+ /ar)e!imi i 3aresise %)a %1eri t1etri
' K$%#re%6a
+ Sitata e )ares ,er #a,1e% e rime3e te %5ara
' Disa ,r$6ese #er#$1%e %1e#$hesisht #a,1e% e te %1e1tit rim
' Pet1eH (e1$het %5er,rer1a e %1e ,r$6esi e #a #a,r rimi%*
+ P1esa e ,r$)ramit # #a,et %1e rim i ,erash#et' Ker#$% e#s#(!i3itet mi ,r$6esi% e #a,1es te rimit
' Per6a#t$het si Se#si$% Kriti# e %# 5het %5er,rere
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;2
Situata e !are'
' Shem((H S,$$(er i sht,it
Pri%t S,$$(er Pri%ter
Rra5ha e S,$$(er
Pr$6esi A
Pr$6esi B
N5er,rer1e e m(ti,r$)ramimit
, e r )
a t i t
s h # r 0 a %
,er)atit s
h # r
0 a
%
\
Pr$6esi A ,rish te 5he%at e B
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;&
Se%'ioni %riti%
' Se#si$% #riti# het ,1esa e ,r$)ramit e #a, rime te,erash#eta
+ N# ehe% s,$!ime ,er sh,e1tesi%e e PU
+ N# (e1$he% 5 ,r$6ese %1e#$hesisht %e se#si$% #riti#
+ Pr$6eset 1ashte se#si$%e3e #riti#e %# 5het te (($#$1%e,r$6eset %e se#si$%e #riti#e
+ As%1e ,r$6es %# 5het te ,rese ,amarim ,er te hre %ese#si$% #riti#
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84/199
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;4
Kon%urena ? 2ariablat ele'
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V i bl t l @ fl
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;:
Variablat ele' @ flamur
' /aria(i 6e(es >f(amr? mer 3(erat + 0 #r %# #a ,r$6ese %e se#si$% #riti#
+ < #r %1e ,r$6es h% %e se#si$% #riti#
' Pr$6esi e h% %e se#si$% #riti#
+ Test$% 3aria(i% 6e(es 5he ,ret 5erisa te ehet 0 + Nrsh$% 3aria(i% %e < 5he h% %e se#si$% #riti#
+ Rie% 3aria(i% 0 #r 5e( %)a se#si$%i #riti#
' Pr$(emH %5er,rer1et )1ate testim%5rshimit
+ M%5 te ,er5$ret 6]a#ti3i!imi i %5er,rer1e3e + Ma%i,(imi i 3ar1a(it 6e(es ehet me thirr1e sistemi.
+ /etem #$5i i ,r$6e5ra3e te erthames te sistemit #aatriti% e (e1$% 6]a#ti3i!imi% e %5er,rer1e3e.
P # i i i i bl l
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;;
Per#orimi i 2ariabla2e ele'
' /aria(at 6e(es %e#a,1e% e#s#(!i3ete rime3e
' Se#si$%i #riti#re5#t$het %e
tra1timi% e 3aria(it6e(es
' "i%H ,er5$re%s#e5are 6e(es,er shma%)ie% e
#a,1es #$%#re%tete s#e5are3e
' Pr$(emH ,rit1a
%setf(a) >F?W I%t $ff FH0 I%t $%X
setf(a) >F?W
I%t $
f f
=h
a(( setf(a)>F?
a(( %setf(a)>F?
e %
' % l u
. i 2
i t e t
F
se#si$%#riti#
se#si$%#riti#
S$ b lli i l it
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ;9
Per)atitHVAIT
B(($#imH6e(esiH<
S$embulli i 'poolerit
' Shem((H S,$$(er i sht,it
Rra5ha e S,$$(er
Pr$6esi A
Pr$6esi B
sh#ra%
\
Pr$6esi A #a
e#s#(!i3itetmi s,$$(er
Se#si$% #riti#
"irimH6e(e siH0
Pr$6esi B #aa#ses mis,$$(er
I%t I%t
;# " #$ l
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 90
' Per5$rimi i 3aria(a3e 6e(es
;#erprer"e #$e ele'
' ]a#ti3i!imi i %5er,rer1e3e
D
I
S
K
INT OFF
INT ON
%5ar1e #$he
se#si$% #riti#J e#s#(!i3itet
P< P2 OS
D
I
S
K
i(ire*
i(ire^
%5ar1e #$he
P< P2 OS6e(esi
#$ha #$ha
i(ire*
i!e%e^
______
se#si$% #riti#
e#s#(!i3itet
se#si$% #riti#
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F" t" #$ "i i
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 92
F"et"a #$e .!"imi
' Pr$6esi e %5er,ritet 5het te #a($1e %e )1e%51e ,rit1e
+ Pr$(emH si 5$ te ehet #a(imi %e )1e%51e% )ati
' Thirr1et e sistemit s(ee, 5he =a#e, + D ,r$6ese -
+ Pr$6esi e #er#$% rimi% e% sleep mi 3aria(i% 6e(es
' Ns. rimi i (ire 6e(esi
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 9&
Stru%tura e slee D !akeu
' e(esi eshte str#tre F Wi%t i%t PIDX' 8 6e(esi
' PID 8 ma1tesi i i5e%tifi#at$rit te ,r$6esit
' s(ee, #a($% ,r$6esi% thirres %e )1e%51e% ,rit1e
s(ee, >?W
I%t $ffif >F.0?W F.PIDH>PI:?
6a((sstemstate=ait>PI:?X F.H0I%t $%
X
' =a#e, !)1$% ,r$6esi% e re%e %e )1e%51e ,rit1e
=a#e, >?
W I%t $ffF.HF.PID^NU""? 6a((sstemstaterea5>F.PID?I%t $%
X
' &all'system'state'%ait ne dalje $en “(nt on” per m$ylljen e seksionitkritik
a(( s(ee,>F?
a(( =a#e,>F?
Fa(( s(ee,>F?
E a
i t
r e a
# 3
S f t
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 9
Semaforet
' Semaf$ri + 3ariae( e ma% %mri% e thirr1e3e =a#e,te ,a rea(i!ara %e rasti% e shme ,r$6ese3e >Di1#stra?
+ Per)1ithesim i met$5es s(ee, J =a#e,
+ D thirr1e sistemi' 5$=% >8s(ee,? test$% semaf$ri%
+ Ns. !er$ ,r$6esi #a($% %e )1e%51e s(ee, ,a ,($tesar5$=%
+ Ns. ,$!iti3e !3$)e($% me < semaf$ri% 5he 3a!h5$% ,%e%
' , >8=a#e,? rrit me < 3(ere% e semaf$rit
+ Ns. #a ,r$6ese %e s(ee, s,er3i!$ri i sistemit !)1$% %1eri%,re1 tre 5he e (e1$% te ,erf%5$1e 5$=%
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>llo%imi reipro%
-
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96/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 97
>llo%imi reipro%
' Semaf$ret 5he (($#imi re6i,r$# >5ea5($6#?
/$i5 ser3er>3$i5?W =hi(e >TRUE? W
5$=%>JBOS?5$=%>JMEQ?fi((ffer>-?
,>JMEQ?,>JP"OT?
XX
/$i5 6(ie%t>3$i5?W =hi(e >TRUE? W
5$=%>JP"OT?5$=%>JMEQ?em,tffer>-?
,>JMEQ?,>JBOS?
XX
+ Gaimet %e ,er5$rimi% e semaf$re3e
' N5rimi i 3e%5e3e te thirr1es 5$=% sh#a#t$% (($#im + Ns. feri eshte ,($t ser3er e% 5$=%>JMEQ? 5#e ere
MEQ0 5he me ,as (($#$het te# 5$=%>JBOS?
+ K(ie%ti %5esh MEQ0 5he (($#$het -
Mbi 'tru%turen e te #$ena2e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 9:
Mbi 'tru%turen e te #$ena2e
' Me#a%i!mi i #$%#re%6es >semaf$r et1.? #a %e3$1e ,erstr#tre te 5he%ash sh$erese
+ Nmrat$ri i #er#esa3e
+ Te ,a#te% %1e rra5he ,rit1e1e
%mrat$r
PID < PID 2 PID & PID
SS
Kon%urena 'in"alet #$e bllo%imet
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 9;
Kon%urena ) 'in"alet #$e bllo%imet
S$%embimi i 'in"ale2e
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N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e 99
S$%embimi i 'in"ale2e
' Thirr1et e sistemit se%5 5he re6ei3e + Ar#ite#tra #(ie%tser3er ' Ser3eri ,ret %e re6ei3e ,er si%a(
' K(ie%ti 5er)$% se%5 #r #a %e3$1e
+ Si%#r$%i!imi i ,r$6ese3e %e sisteme te sh,er%5ara
+ Sh#emimi i i%f$rma6i$%e3e mi5is ,r$6ese3e
+ Re!i# i hm1es te mesa!he3e
' Marr1a 5het te si%1a(i!$het >AK 8 a6#%$=(e5)eme%t?
' Ns hmet AK ri5er)$het mesa!hi
' Mesa!het sh$er$he% me %mri% re%5$r
' Pr$6eset i5e%tifi#$he% >athe%ti6ati$%?
' Pr$(emH ,erf$rma%6a
Monitoret
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100/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e llo%imet #ea#lo%'G
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
101/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e llo%imet #ea#lo%'G
/ Y
>0
>=
=ait =ait
Kla'ifi%imi i bllo%ime2e
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102/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ,reem,ta(e?
+ M%5 ti hie% ,r$6esit e e #a #a,r
+ Shem((H #1tesaH 5 ,r$6ese (($#$1%e %1eri t1etri% %e #1tese5he ,ri%ter #1tesa i hiet %1erit 5he i 1e,et t1etrit >s=a,,i%)?
' Te ,a,arashi#eshem >%$%,reem,ta(e? + N# m%5 ti hie% ,r$6esit e e #a #a,r
+ @a%e sh#a# #res$r i (($#ime3e
+ Shem((H ,ri%teri + sht,i i fi((ar %# m%5 te %5er,ritet
Tra"timi i blo%ime2e
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8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
103/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
104/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
105/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
106/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
107/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
108/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
109/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
110/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
111/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
112/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
113/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e %)a ,er5$res te ,aat$ri!ar?
' Si)rimi ma5hesise te ,a3arr te (($e3e' Tra1timi i fera3e >5iffere%6at %e sh,e1tesi%e e tra1timit?
' Tra1timi i ha,esires ,er ,ais1et (($# >!)1erimi i s#e5arit?
' Ze%ia 5he (eshimi i ,ais1e3e >#a,1a e#s#(!i3e?
' Ra,$rtimi i )aime3e >,as tra1timit %)a 5ri3er?
;i2eli i per#orue'it
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8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
114/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e f5 ffer %tes?
+ Pr$6e5ra =rite' Be% ,1ese %e %1e (irari ,r$6e5rash 5he (i5het me ,r$)rami%
' Pershtat ,arametrat e ,er5$resit ,er thirr1et e sistemit
' Rea(i!$% f$rmatimi% e hr1es 5he 5a(1es
' Pr$6e5rat s,e6ia(e + Pri%ti%) S,$$(er Daem$%
' Pr$6eset e ,er5$resit e1%e ,ri%timi% %e s#e5ar
' Pr$6esi s,$$(er (e$% s#e5aret 5he i 5er)$% %e ,ri%ter ' S,$$(er eshte i 3etmi ,r$6es e #$m%i#$% me ,ri%teri%
>a.at e %ompilimit
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
115/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
116/199
>a.at e Kompilimit 0
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
117/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
118/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
119/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ($a5er? e rea(i!$%(i5h1e%H
' G1ate ,r$6esit te %)ar#imit' G1ate e#!e#timit >#r 5het te ,er5$ret sim$(i?
>a.at e Kompilimit
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
120/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e a.at e Kompilimit
' Pr$)rami $1e#t 5he ai i e#!e#teshemH
A""
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8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
121/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
122/199
#et3rat e MMS
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
123/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
124/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
125/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
126/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
127/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
128/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
129/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
130/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
131/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
132/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
133/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
134/199
MMS me n#ar"e fi%'e te n#r3'$ue'$me
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
135/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
136/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
137/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
138/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e s,$!$het se #a ha,esire te (ire te m1afteshme?.N# #a fra)me%tim te re%shem te #1teses
' G1ate ma%,(imit te ,r$6ese3e m%5 te #ri1$he% 3rima %e #1tese>"ra#mentimi i $ashtem?
' Dhet ,er5$rr #$m,atesimi 5#e !3e%5$sr ,r$6eset ,er teash#ar 6$,at e (ira te #1teses
' Pr$6es$ri ,er5$ret ,a efi6ie%6e %)a #$m,a#tesimi ,er shma%)ie% efra)me%timit te 1ashtem
problemet e n#ar"e' #inami%e
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139/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
140/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e est fit?
+ Pr$6esi 3e%5$set %e %5ar1e% me te 3$)e( te ,ershtatshme
' S#ema ,ershtat1a ,asar5hese >%et fit?
+ Pr$6esi 3e%5$set %e %5ar1et e ,are te ,ershtatshme 5#e fi((ar%)a 3e%5$5h1a e f%5it
' Pr$(emi fra)me%timit te 1ashtem metet
+ N5rsh$% 3etem t$,$($)1ia e fra)me%timit
+ Zh3e%5$s1a e ,r$6ese3e %e #1tese #er#$% #$he + Per5$rimi i #1teses 3irta(e eshte a#$ma me i %)a5a(te
' 5is# i %)rte eshte ,ais1e e %)a5a(te
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
141/199
'$embull i n#ar"e' 4binare5
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
142/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e llo% = Mb
A %er%on =++ Kb
> %er%on 0+ Kb
8 %er%on L Kb
: e%r%on 0+ Kb
> liron 0L Kb
A liron =0* Kb
E %er%on Kb
8 liron L Kb
E liron =0* Kb
: liron 0L Kb
< M
< M
4
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
143/199
P3et"e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
144/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
145/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e ,a)es?
' Sistemi ,er5$r tae(e% e fae3e e (i5h i%5e#si% efae3e te #1teses ($)1i#eL ,er ,r$6es me a5rese% fi!i#ete a!es te frames %e #1tese% fi!i#e
prinipi i fa-o'"e'
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
146/199
N.Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
147/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
148/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
149/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e Y?
' te 5he%at >Y?
' Sti3a >Y? # Y %1e $se 5isa se)me%teL
+ 5$ ,r$6es #a tae(e% e 3et te se)me%te3e%5ersa sistemi ma% tae(e% e (($e3e te (ira te#1teses
+ Tae(a e sim$(e3e ma% 1$ 3etem fi((imi% ,$re5he )1atesi%e e se)me%te3e
a#re'imi te% 'e!mentet
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
150/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
151/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e e%5r$re J %5ihmese? e #1teses #1tesa3irta(e
' Ne tae(at e fae3e + 5a((imi i fae3e e %5$5he% %e #1tese%e%5r$re %)a at$ e %5$5he% %e #1tese% %5ihmese >%e 5is#?
' Sh#emimi i fae3e mi5s #1teses e%5r$re 5he %5ihmese>s=a,,i%)?
+ I5e%tifi#imi i 31eterimit te fae3e 5he ,r$6ese3e %e #1tese%e%5r$re + ,er6a#timi se 6i(a fae 5het te 5er)$het %e #1tese%%5ihmese #r #er#$het te (ir$het ha,esire %e #1tese% e%5r$re
Konepti i Sti2e'
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8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
152/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
153/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e e te1#a($1%e ma5hesi%e e faes? + Grm((i i fae3e >hea,? 5he -
+ - m(e5hesi i therrime3e ,er rimar1e% e fae3e
Probleme te Mbro"t"e'
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
154/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
155/199
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
156/199
Konepti S%e#arit
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
157/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e U%i?
+ Pr$%ar Gr,Per5$resish 5he Per5$resteT1ere
+ K$5i 9 it r= r= r=
' M$%timi >U%i?
' S#e5aret s,e6ia(e >U%i?
+ 5e3-
+ ,i,e
mount @#e2@$#b= @mnt@#'%b
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
158/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
159/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
160/199
'tru%tura e '%e#are2e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
161/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
162/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
163/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
164/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e U%i i hershem?
+ K$#a hea5erL
' Nmri ma)1i# )1atesia a5resa fi((imit et1. + K$5i ,r$)ramit
+ Te 5he%at
+ Bitet e 3e%5$s1es
+ Tae(a e sim$(e3e
%ap"a e '%e#are2e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
165/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
166/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
167/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
168/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
169/199
'tru%tura e #ire%tori2e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
170/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
171/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
172/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
173/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e FAT?
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
174/199
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
175/199
Or!ani.imi i :i'%ut
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
176/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
177/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e U%i?
P3et"e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
178/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
179/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
180/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
181/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
182/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
183/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
184/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
185/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
186/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
187/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e r=? ,er $=%er)r$,$ther + K$ma%5at ch%!n ch#r chm%d
P3et"e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
188/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
189/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
190/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
191/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
192/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
193/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfrte!imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
194/199
N Frasheri Sistemet e Shfr te imit "e#si$%e
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
195/199
1RI:
' mi55(e=are
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
196/199
N F h i Si t t Shf t i it " # i
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
197/199
N F h i Si t t Shf t i it " # i
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
198/199
N F h i Si t t Shf t i it " # i
-
8/16/2019 Sistemet e Shfrytezimit 2009
199/199