dugs cva

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Drug, Dosage,Route,

Frequency,Classification

INDICATION ANDCONTRAINDICATI

ON

MECHANISM OFACTION

PHARMACOKINETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSERECTION

NURSINGRESPOSIBILITY(based on side

effects)

A)Drug: Captopril

Dose: 25mg

Route:p.o

Frequency:now

Classification:a

nti-hypertensive

INDICATION:Alone or oncombination withother hypertensivein the managementof hypertensive

CONTRAINDICATIO

N:Cross sensitivitywith ace inhibitormay exist.

Prevent theproduction ofangiotensin 11,potentvasoconstrictor thatstimulate theproduction ofaldosterone byblocking its

conversion to theactive form , thus itlowers the B/P

Absorption:75% G.ItractMetabolism:50% liverExcretion:50% kidneyHalf life:Check B/P beforeadministering this drug>Caution patient thatCaptopril may causedizziness>Provide safety byraising side rails.>Instruct significantother to change clientsposition slowly to

prevent orthostatichypotension.>Provide oral care>Apply topical lotionsuch as calamine lotionto relive itchiness>Encourage client toincrease oral fluidintake to liquefysecretions>Instruct to cough out

secretions

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Drug, Dosage,

Route, Frequency,

Classification

Indication &

Contraindication

Mechanisms of

Action

Pharmacoki

netics-

Dynamics

Adverse

effect/Side

Effect

Nursing Responsibilities

H.

Drug: Lactulose

Dosage:

30ccRoute:

POFrequency:

ODClassification:

Ammoniareduction drug,

Laxative.

Indication:

>Treatment ofConstipation.

Contraindication

:

>Contraindicated

w/ allergy to

lactulose, low-

galactose diet.

>The drug passes

unchanged intothe colon: Where

bacteria break it

down to organic

acids that

increase the

osmotic pressure

in the colon and

slightly acidify the

colonic contents,>Thus: aids in

migration of blood

ammonia in to

the colon

contents with

subsequent

trapping and

expulsion in the

feces.

Route: Oral

Onset:Varies

Peak: 20 hr.

Duration:

24-48 hr.

Very minimal

systemic

absorption.

>GI: Transient

flatulence,distention,

intestinal

cramps,

belching,

diarrhea,

nausea and

vomiting.

>Other: Acid-base

imbalances,

electrolyte

imbalance.

>Assess for any allergy to

lactulose, low-galactosediet diabetes, lactation,

pregnancy.

>Give laxative syrup orally

with fruit juice, water, or

milk to increase

palatability.

> Monitor V/S

>Monitor Serum and

ammonia levels>Make sure you have

access to bathroom; bowel

movements will be

increased to two or three

per day.

>Report diarrhea, severe

bleaching,

abdominal fullness

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Drug, Dosage,Route,

Frequency,Classification.

INDICATIONAND

CONTRAINDICATION

MECHANISM OFACTION

PHARMACOKINETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE

RECTION

NURSINGRESPOSIBILITY

(based on sideeffects)

B)Drug:Acetylcysteinsachet

Dose:sachet+50ml water

Route:p.o

Frequency:TID

Classification:Mucolytic

INDICATION:adjunct oftherapyabnormal viscoidor thickenedmucous secretionin a patient with

pneumonia

CONTAINDICATION:hypersensitivityto drug,Use cautiously inpregnancy andlactation

Mucolytic thatreduces theviscosity ofpulmonarysecretion bysplitting disulfidelinkages between

mucoproteinmolecularcomplexes, thussecretion isthinned andreduced.

Route:p.oOnset:unknownPeak: unknownDuration:unknown

Absorption:

G.I tractDistribution:not knownMetabolism:liverH.L: unknown

CNS: fever,drowsiness,abnormalthinking,disturbancesCV: tachycardia,hypotension,hypertension, flushing,

chest tightnessEENT: rhinorrhea,stomatitis, throattightnessGI: nausea,vomitingSkin: rash,diaphoresis

-Provide TSB when feveroccurs

-Caution client thatmedication may causedrowsiness. Instruct toavoid activities requiringalertness

-Instruct significantothers to changepatients position slowly

to avoid orthostatichypotension.

-Encourage to eatcrackers , small butfrequent meals if nauseaand vomiting occurs- Do postural drainageto evacuate secretions-Apply topical lotionsuch as calamine lotionif rashes occurs

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Drug, Dose,Route,

Frequency,Classification.

INDICATIONAND

CONTRAINDICATION

MECHANISM OFACTION

PHARMACOKINETICS


RECTION


(based on side effects)

C)Drug:Amlodipine

Dose:10mg tab

Route: NGT

Frequency:OD

Classification:Anti angina

INDICATION:hypertension

CONTRAINDICATION:Hypersensitivity,cardiovascular

shock,combination withrifampicinecontraindicated inunstable anginaand after resentMI severehypotension, withsystolic pressureless than 90mmHgdecompensateheart failurepregnancy andlactation

Inhibits calciumion influx grosscardiac andsmooth muclecell, thusdecreasingmyocardial

contractility andoxygen demand

Onset:unknownPeak: 6-12 hrDuration:24hr

CNS: headache,somnolence,fatigue, drowsinessCV: edema,flushing, palpitationGI: nausea,abdominal pain

GU: sexualdifficulties,Musc: muscle pain,Resp: dyspnea,Skin: rash andpruritus

>Check B/P beforeadministering this drug>Advise patient to haveadequate rest and paceactivities.>Place patient in semifowlers position if

dyspnea occurs>Apply topical lotion suchas calamine lotion ifrashes or itchiness occurs>Notify physician if signsof failure occur such as:swelling of hands andfeet or shortness ofbreath> Caution patient toavoid activities requiring

alertness since thismedication causesdrowsiness.

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Drug, Dose,Route,


INDICATION ANDCONTRAINDICATION

MECHANISMOF ACTION

PHARMACOKINETICS


RECTION



D)Drug: Simvastatin

Dose: 40mg

Route:p.o

Frequency:OD

Classification:CardiovasculardrugAntilipidemic

INDICATION:Reduce total and LDLcholesterterol levels inpatients withhomozygousfamilialhypercholesteronemia

CONTAINDICATION:Hypersensitivity to drug

-Inhibits hmg-CoA reductase,in early step incholesterolbiosynthesis, thuslowering thecholesterol

level.

Onset:unknownPeak: 1-2hrDuration:uknownRoute: P.O

CNS: headache,asthenia,GI:Abdominal painconstipation,diarrhea,dyspepsia,

flatulence,nausea, vomitingResp: upperrespiratory tractinfection

>Use drug only afterdiet and other nondrug therapy proveineffective

>Instruct patientdrug with the

evening mealbecause thisenhances absorptionincreases cholesterolbiosynthesis

>Teach patientproper dietarymanagement ofcholesterol andtriglyceride> Instruct to havesmall but frequentmeals if nausea andvomiting occurs

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Drug, Dose, Route,Frequency,

Classification

INDICATION ANDCONTRAINDICAT

ION

MECHANISMOF ACTION

PHARMACOKINETICS

SIDEEFFECTS/

ADVERSERECTION



E.Drug:Pantoprazole

Dose:40mg

Route:p.o

Frequency:

Classification:Gastro intestinal agentProton pump inhibitor

INDICATION:Shortermtreatment oferosive esophagitisassociated with GUERD

CONTAINDICATION:hypersensitivity toantoprazole

Gastric acidinhibitor; belongsto a class ofantisecretorycompound.It inhibits theH+, K+-ATPase

enzyme systemresponsible foracid production,thus gastric acidsecretion isdecreased.

Absorption:70%bioavialabiltyPeak: 2.4 hrDistribution:98% proteinbound

Metabolism:liverElimination:71% urineHL: 1 hr

CNS:headache,insomnia,GI: diarrhea,flatulence,abdominal painSkin: rash

> Advise patient tohave adequate rest ifheadache is felt.>Bulk forming, highpotassium diet ifdiarrhea occurs>Apply topical lotion

such as calaminelotion if rashes occur.> contact physicianpromptly of any of thefollowing occur;peeling blistering orloosening of skin,difficulty breathing orswallowing

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Drug, Dose,Route,


INDICATION ANDCONTRAINDICATI

ON

MECHANISM OFACTION

PHARMACOKINETICS


RECTION



Drug:Mefenamicacid

Dose:500mg

Route:PO

Frequency:prn

Classification:Central nervoussystem agentAnalgesicNSAID

INDICATION:Short term relief ofmild to moderatepain

CONTRAINDICATIO

N:Hypersensitivity todrug

Anthranilic acidderivative. Likeibuprofen inhibitsprostaglandinsynthesis andaffects platelet

function, thusrelieving pain.

Absorption:rapidly in G.ItractPeak: 2-4 hrDuration: 6hrMetabolism:liver-partially

Elimination:50% excretedurine. 50%fecesHL: 2 hr

CNS: dizziness,nightmare visualdisturbances,headache,syncope,confusion.Psychosis,

CV: bradycardia,ECG changes, firstdegree AV blockGI: nausea,vomiting.Abdominal pain.Anorexia, diarrheaSkin: rash,Itching,

>Take drug on thesame day each weekwhen use forprophylaxis

>Do not performpotentially hazardous

activity until, responseto drug is known

> Apply topicallotion(e.g. Calaminelotion if rashes occurs.> Small but frequentmeals if nausea andvomiting occurs.

>Report any of thefollowing immediately:Fever, soar throat,visual problem.Anxiety, confusion

7/30/2019 dugs CVA

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Drug, Dosage,Route,


INDICATION ANDCONTRA

INDICATION

MECHANISMOF ACTION

PHARMACOKINETICS


RECTION



F.Drug:Mannitol

Dosage:75 cc

Route:

IV

Frequency:Q8

Classification:OsmoticDiureticPregnancyCatgory C

INDICATION:>Reduction of intracranial or intra ocularpressure> Adjunct in thetreatment of acuteoliguric renal failure

CONTRAINDICATION:Hypersensitivity ,anuria, dehydration

Increases theosmoticpressure of theglomerularfiltrate, thusinhibitingreabsorption of

water andelectrolytes.

Absorption:AdministeredIV only,resulting in acompletebioavailabilityDistribution:

Confined to theextracellularspaceMetabolism andexcretion:Excreted bykidneysminimalmetabolism inliverHalflife- 100

min.

CNS: headache,confusion.EENT: blurredvision, rhinitisCV: transientvolume expansion,tachycardia, chest

pain, congestiveheart failure,pulmonary edema.GI: thirst, nausea,vomitingGU: renal failure,urinary retention.

>Monitor vital signs,urine output, CVP, andpulmonary arterypressure prior to andhourly throughoutadministration.>Monitor patient forsigns and symptoms ofdehydration or signs offluid over load.> Provide small butfrequent meals ifnausea and vomitingoccurs>Provide safety, assistpatient when theresblurring of vision .> Monitor intake andoutput

7/30/2019 dugs CVA

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Drug, Dosage,Route,


INDICATION ANDCONTRA

INDICATION

MECHANISMOF ACTION

PHARMACOKINETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSERECTION

NURSINGRESPOSIBILITY(based on side

effects)

7/30/2019 dugs CVA

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dugs cva

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