添付資料-9 セミナー要約および発表資料 セミナー - …セミナー...
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セミナー
東京都水道局（以下、東京水道）の知見を DJB に紹介する技術移転セミナーが 6 回開催された。
第 1 回セミナー
2013 年 8 月 30 日に、メトロポリタンホテルで開催された。出席者数は DJB のムケルジーCEO、
ナンディ・パルワリ副 CEO、JICA インド事務所の江島真也所長を含む約 70 人であった。発表内
容は次の通りであった。
1) 東京水道の概要と持続的な運営管理方法について：東京都水道局多摩水道改革推進本部
多摩給水管理事務所八王子給水事務所長 藤川和久所長発表
2) 東京水道の施設改良について：東京都水道局北部支所北営業所長 猪狩恒一郎所長発表
3) 収入管理システムについて：Mr. B. S. Jaglan、Director (Revenue)発表
第一回セミナー
A9-1
添付資料-9 セミナー要約および発表資料
SEMINAR FOR “THE ASSISTANCE RELATED TO DELHI WATER SUPPLY
IMPROVEMENT PROJECT”
Organized By
Delhi Jal Board AND Japan International Cooperation Agency
Date: 30th of August 2013Venue: Crest Hall, The Metropolitan Hotel, New Delhi Location: Delhi, India
09:30 - 09:45 AM Registration
Opening Speech
10:00 - 10:10 AM
09:55 - 10:10 AM
- DJB
Smt.Debashree Mukherjee, Chief Executive Officer, Delhi Jal Board
- JICA
Shinya Ejima, Chief Representative of India Office,
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Waterworks Bureau Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s session. (incl. Q＆A)
10:10 - 11:00 AM Outline of Tokyo Waterworks and approach for sustainable management
Koichiro IGARI, Manager of Kita Service Station, North Branch Office,
Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
DJB’s session(incl. Q＆A)
11:00 - 11:30 AM Revenue Management System
B. S. Jaglan, Director (Revenue), Delhi Jal Board
11:30 - 11:50 AM Tea Break
Waterworks Bureau Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s session. (incl. Q＆A)
11:50 AM - 12:40 PM Facility Improvement of Tokyo Waterworks
Kazuhisa FUJIKAWA, Manager of Hachioji Water Supply Office, Tama
Waterworks Reform Promotion Center, Bureau of Waterworks,
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Interactive session
12:40 – 13:00 PM All Participants
Closing Speech
13:00 - 13:10 PM -DJB
Ms. Nandini Paliwal, Addl. C.E.O (Project Director)
13:10 - 14:00 PM Lunch
A9-2
30th August 31, 2013 Seminar Attendance
Embassy of Japan
1 Yosuhiro SENSHO First Secretary
JICA Headquarter
1 Momo FUKUSHIMA Officer
JICA India Office
1 Shinya EJIMA Chief Representative
2 Chihiro FUKUDA Representative
3 M.P. SINGH Additional Chief Development Specialist
Tokyo Waterworks
1 Koichiro OGARI Improvement Water works Management
2 Kazuhisa FUJIKAWA Asset Management
3 Yosuhiro NAMAKURA Coordinator
4 Anupam JOSHI Interpreter
JICA Expert Team
1 Kazufumi MOMOSE Chief Adviser / Water Supply Planning
2 Minoru IKEI Deputy Chief Adviser / Pipe- Network (2)
3 Phatta THAPA Pipe- Network (1)
4 Sanjay PRASAD GIS Mapping
5 Katayama ALOKKUMAR Project Coordinator/GIS Mapping (2)
6 Manabu FUKUSHIMA SCADA
7 Koichiro AZUI DMA
8 Yoichi YAMAMOTO Water Supply Management
9 Hiroshi IZUMOTO GIS Application
10 Yuhei ITO Project Coordinator/GIS Mapping
11 Hiroshi KOJIMA Water Supply Management
A9-3
Delhi Jal Board
1 Debashree MUKHERJEE Chief Executive Officer
2 Sayed Naiyer Ali NAJMI Member(Finance)
3 Huzar LOLLEN Member(Administration)
4 B.M. DHAUL Member(WS)
5 V.K. BABBAR Member(Dr.)
6 Nandini PALIWAL Additional Chief Executive Officer
7 Bipin BEHARI Secretary(DJB)
8 Sanjam CHIMA Consultant(PR)
9 Subhash CHAND C.E. (East)
10 S.C. JAIN C.E. (West)
12 P. Bhargava C.E. (South)
13 A.K. JAIN C.E. (C&N)
14 R.S. TYAGI C.E. (Dr.) Proj.-I
15 V.K. THIND C.E. (Dr.) Proj.-II
16 J.P. GOEL C.E. (Water) Project
17 Uttam KUMAR C.E. (SDW)N/W
18 V.P. GUNJIYAL C.E. (SDW)S/E
19 U.B. TRIPATHI Director (A&P)
20 B.S. JAGLAN Director (Revenue)
21 D.R. ARYA Director (T&QC)
22 Sanjay GUPTA Project Director (Training)
23 Ajay GUPTA S.E. (Central)
24 Rajesh MITTAL S.E. (North)
25 Ramesh THAKUR S.E. (North West)
26 N.K. TOMAR S.E. (West)
27 S.K. BHARDWAJ S.E. (South)
28 V.P. SHRMA S.E. (South West)
29 M.K. JAIN S.E. (Project)W-II
30 Vikram SINGH SE (Project) W-III
31 V.K. GUPTA S.E. (Dr.) Proj. E&NE
32 Shalabh KUMAR S.E. (Dr.) Proj. N&N/W
33 R.S. NEGI S.E. (Dr.) Proj. W&C
34 Bir SINGH S.E. (E&M) W&S S-II
35 R.K. BHALLA S.E. (WW)-I
A9-4
36 P.K. JAIN S.E. (Project) Dr.
37 J.K. SINGH S.E. (SDW)-II
38 J.C. ATAL Joint Director (Fin.)-I
39 K.S. SHARMA Joint Director (Fin.)-II
40 Paras RAM Joint Director (R) - HQ
41 S.K. MEENA Joint Director (R) C/N
42 R.S. GODBOLEY Joint Director (R) E/NE
43 Mahinder KUMAR E.E. (Central) -I
44 Radhey SHYAM E.E. (Central) -II
45 B.L. KURU E.E. (North) -I
46 V.K. SINGH E.E. (North West) -III
47 K.K. HARIT E.E. (North West) -IV
48 P.K. TYAGI E.E. (South West) -III
49 Vineet KUMAR E.E. (Vig.) -Civil
50 Chander PARKASH E.E. (Dwarka WTP)
51 Pankaj KR. ATRAY E.E. (Proj) W-I
52 R.K. SINGHAL E.E. (Proj) W-II
53 Mukul BHANDULA E.E. (Proj) W-VI
54 Pankaj GUPTA E.E. (Proj) W-VIII
55 Ashok KUMAR Dy. Dir(F&A)-III
56 Arvind KAUSHIK Dy. Dir(Rev) HQ-I
57 Naresh KUMAR Dy. Dir(Rev) HQ-II RMS
58 Satya PRAKASH A.O. (Proj) W-I
59 Nashim KHAMED J.E.(Civil)
60 Ashokpal PANWAR J.E.(Civil)
61 Pradeep KUMAR A.E.(Project)
62 Pukhraj SINGH A.E.(Civil)
A9-5
1
Fac
ilit
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pro
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ent
of
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ater
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orm
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ce
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一日
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①
②③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦⑧
⑨
⑩
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
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M37
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100
0
120
0
140
0 給水人口（万人）
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②第
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calyear
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ate
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1899
1904
1909
1914
1919
1924
1929
1934
1939
1944
1949
1954
1959
1964
1969
1974
1979
1984
1989
1994
1999
2004
A9-6
12
34
2
Ou
tlin
eo
fTo
kyo
Wa
terw
ork
s
Operationstart
1st,December,1898
Servicearea
１２.３５
㎞２
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１２.８５
millionpeople
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６.９９
millioncases
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distributionam
ountperday
４.７
millionｍ
３
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distributionam
ountperday
４.２
millionｍ
３
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ount
６.３
millionｍ
３/day
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capacity
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millionｍ
３/day
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㎞(As
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Y2011
)
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i
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ToneRiver
Ma
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ies
inT
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設能
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/日）
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00
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00
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00
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6,8
59,5
00
-
利根
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ly
A9-7
56
78
3
Pla
no
fT
okyo
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terw
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ate
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ater
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11
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A9-8
910
11
12
4
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ch
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ism
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nt
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nce
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ate
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ent
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nced
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ent
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)
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l.
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YearofConstruction
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1955
1965
1975
1985
1995
1960
1970
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tensely
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13
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aint
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ater
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erge
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ired
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rove
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ater
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ipe
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rk
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17
18
19
20
6
21
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td
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ipe
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es
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＜地震
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ain
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tions
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ater
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ply
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ith
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ake
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ution
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ork
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ss
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nt
A9-11
21
22
23
24
7
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hu
nif
ied
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teri
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uctu
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ck–density
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idth
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ngth
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atio
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etc
.P
ipes
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ber
of
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osio
n/
leakage,
soil
chara
cte
ristics,
etc
.
Ta
ble
1:
Ev
alu
ati
on
Cri
teri
ao
fC
on
cre
teS
tru
ctu
res
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oto
-1in
basin
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oto
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ela
min
ati
on
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pe
cti
on
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se
arc
h
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ctr
icD
ata
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leto
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sta
ffs.
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researc
hdata
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pair
his
tories
,asset
ledger
,fin
ancia
ldata
,opera
tion
and
manage
ment
data
,etc
.)F
acili
ties
:concre
testr
uctu
reand
equip
me
nts
Pip
es
:dis
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ution
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ked
wit
hM
ap
pin
gS
yste
m)
Da
tab
as
e
Fig
ure
1
As
se
ss
me
nt
of
So
un
dn
es
s
Fig
ure
3:
Cra
ck
Den
sit
yp
red
ict
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
2055
2060
2065
2070
2075
2080
2085
2090
2095
2100
2105
2110
2115
2120
2125
部材割合（％）
西暦
E D C B A
Ratioofgrade（％）
Year
co
nstr
uc
tio
n
Fig
ure
2：C
rack
Den
sit
yp
red
ict
Insp
ec
tio
n
AB
C
D
E
Cos
t
Year
1stR
enew
al2nd
Ren
ewal
Dur
abili
tyfo
r2ge
nera
tions
(T)
Dur
abili
type
riod
Res
tofD
urab
ility
(X)
Run
ning
cost
1
Ren
ovat
ion
Cos
tC
onst
ruct
ion
Cos
tY
1Y
2
R1
α
noda
taR
unni
ng
cost
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1＋
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R２）－
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uct
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Renew
alC
ost（Y２）
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Runnin
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ost
,R
2:
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Renew
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by
Renew
al(s
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dco
stof
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ctri
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er,
chem
icalco
nsum
ption,
repair
frequency
,and
inclu
din
gre
cove
rycapaci
tyetc
.)
AT
C＝
min｛
LC
Cn）/T
n｝
AT
C：su
mofA
nnual
Tota
lC
ost
LC
Cn：Life
Cyc
leC
ost
for
2genera
tions
Tn
：D
ura
bili
tyfo
r2
genera
tions
Rela
tio
ns
LC
CA
naly
sis
an
dR
en
ew
alp
lan
A9-12
25
26
27
28
8
An
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al
To
tal
Co
st
The
tota
lof
constr
uction
and
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gcost
div
ided
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dura
bili
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r2
Genera
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nnual
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ula
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An
nu
alT
ota
lC
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AT
C）
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/（
T＋α）
＋（
Ｒ１
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２－
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/T
Ｙ１：C
onst
ruct
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stR
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unnin
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unnin
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enefit
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t
Year
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enew
al2nd
Ren
ewal
Dur
abili
tyfo
r2ge
nera
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abili
type
riod
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tofD
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ility
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ning
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Ren
ovat
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Cos
tC
onst
ruct
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tY
1Y
2
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α
noda
taR
unni
ng
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new
alp
lan
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imu
mp
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uir
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tration
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un
d2
02
5on
ward
)P
uri
fica
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pa
city
◇S
ofa
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eh
ave
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rovi
ng
wat
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tw
ater
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and
.In
add
itio
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,we
nee
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ater
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hic
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antl
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ater
inth
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ent
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rd
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ter.
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isn
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yto
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ith
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ater
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oth
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uir
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ud
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uir
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ao
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an
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ufo
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ur
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en
tio
n.
A9-13
29
30
31
32
1
To
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ater
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ent
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ve
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A9-14
12
34
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A9-29
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A9-30
第 2 回セミナー
2014 年 3 月 6 日に、Indian Habitat Center で開催された。出席者数は DJB のビジェイ・クマール
CEO、ビーエム・ダウル 理事、JICA インド事務所の江島真也所長を含む約 70 人であった。発表
内容は次の通りであった。
1) 中長期的視点による経営方針と財務管理：東京都水道局北部支所北営業所長 猪狩恒一郎
2) 東京水道の施設改善について：東京都水道局東部第一支所給水課長 谷本知之
3) DJB の会計システムについて：Mr. K. S. Sharma, Joint Director (Finance & Accounts)
第 2 回セミナー 第 2 回セミナー・ディスカッション
A9-31
SECOND SEMINAR FOR “THE ASSISTANCE RELATED TO DELHI
WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT” (Scheduled)
Organized By
Delhi Jal Board AND Japan International Cooperation Agency
Date: 6th of March 2014
Venue: Gulmohar, India Habitat Center Location: Delhi, India
09:30 - 10:00 AM Registration
Opening Speech
10:00 - 10:10 AM
10:10 - 10:20 AM
- DJBVijay KUMAR, Chief Executive Officer, Delhi Jal Board
- JICAShinya EJIMA, Chief Representative of India Office,Japan International Cooperation Agency
Waterworks Bureau Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s session. (incl. Q＆A)
10:20 - 11:05 AM
11:05 - 11:50 AM
“Management policy and financial management through mid and longterm perspective”Koichiro IGARI, Manager of Kita Service Station, North Branch Office,Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
“Facility improvement of Tokyo Waterworks”Tomoyuki TANIMOTO, Director, Water Supply Section, East Area FirstBranch Office, Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
11:50 AM- 12:05 PM Tea Break
DJB’s session(incl. Q＆A)
12:05 - 12:35 PM “Accounting System in Delhi Jal Board”K.S.SHRMA, Joint Director (Finance & Account)
Interactive session
12:35 – 13:35 PM All Participants
Closing Speech
13:35 - 13:45 PM -DJBB.M.DHAUL, Member(W/S), Delhi Jal Board
13:45 - 14:30 PM Lunch
A9-32
A9-33
A9-34
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A9-37
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8
A9-38
06
Mar
ch2
01
4 3
To
ky
oM
etr
op
olita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
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rop
olit
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ou
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Tod
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nte
nts
9T
ok
yo
Me
tro
po
lita
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ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
kyo
Met
rop
olit
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ent.
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eO
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ith
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11T
ok
yo
Me
tro
po
lita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
kyo
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rop
olit
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ove
rnm
ent.
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imat
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Wh
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12
A9-39
06
Mar
ch2
01
4 4
To
ky
oM
etr
op
olita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
kyo
Met
rop
olit
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ent.
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13T
ok
yo
Me
tro
po
lita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
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kyo
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olit
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ent.
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ver
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ky
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olita
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ern
me
nt,
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rea
uo
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ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
kyo
Met
rop
olit
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ove
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ent.
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Toky
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ase
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ok
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Me
tro
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lita
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ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
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kyo
Met
rop
olit
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ent.
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A9-40
06
Mar
ch2
01
4 5
To
ky
oM
etr
op
olita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
kyo
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rop
olit
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ent.
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righ
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nt
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bsi
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ati
on
4
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ou
nti
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rmati
on
5
Tod
ay’s
Co
nte
nts
17T
ok
yo
Me
tro
po
lita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
kyo
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rop
olit
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ove
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ent.
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ok
yo
Me
tro
po
lita
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ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
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kyo
Met
rop
olit
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ent.
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20
A9-41
06
Mar
ch2
01
4 6
To
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op
olita
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ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
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rwo
rks
Co
pyr
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tro
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lita
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ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
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ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
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01
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ent.
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of
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20
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1957
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Acc
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nti
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Info
rmati
on
5
Tod
ay’s
Co
nte
nts
23T
ok
yo
Me
tro
po
lita
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ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
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Co
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igh
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ent.
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fun
ds
are
need
ed
Pro
visi
on
tou
np
rofi
tab
lear
ea
etc
...
Dete
rio
rati
on
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ual
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of
raw
wate
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...
Red
uct
ion
an
dexe
mp
tio
no
fw
ate
rch
arg
es
etc
...
24
A9-42
06
Mar
ch2
01
4 7
To
ky
oM
etr
op
olita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
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rea
uo
fW
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rwo
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pyr
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t2
01
3To
kyo
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rop
olit
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ent.
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・Su
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25T
ok
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Me
tro
po
lita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
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en
efi
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man
yp
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ple
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amp
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om
pu
lso
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uca
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Pu
blic
heal
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re
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seo
fw
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rwo
rks
....
Exp
ansi
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pro
ject
(wat
erw
ork
sh
asn
ot
run
yet)
Pro
visi
on
inu
np
rofi
tab
lear
ea
26
To
ky
oM
etr
op
olita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
kyo
Met
rop
olit
anG
ove
rnm
ent.
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Inca
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fw
ate
rwo
rks
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rio
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on
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rw
ater
27T
ok
yo
Me
tro
po
lita
nG
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me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
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rop
olit
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cati
on
28
A9-43
06
Mar
ch2
01
4 8
To
ky
oM
etr
op
olita
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ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
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rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
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01
3To
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Met
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olit
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Gra
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ern
me
nt,
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rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
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rop
olit
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To
ky
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etr
op
olita
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ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
kyo
Met
rop
olit
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ent.
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righ
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ou
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nte
nts
31T
ok
yo
Me
tro
po
lita
nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
uo
fW
ate
rwo
rks
Co
pyr
igh
t2
01
3To
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olit
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32
A9-44
06
Mar
ch2
01
4 9
To
ky
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etr
op
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nG
ov
ern
me
nt,
Bu
rea
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fW
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rwo
rks
Co
pyr
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01
3To
kyo
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olit
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righ
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Jap
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Pu
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Sys
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Man
ag
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Me
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me
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rea
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Me
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me
nt,
Bu
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uo
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Co
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e
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nel
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ater
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lyin
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n
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rifi
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ant
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trib
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onre
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oir
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mpi
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n
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trib
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eter
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ersu
pply
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ipm
ent
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nsm
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cili
ties
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trib
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k
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eyan
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rifi
cati
onfa
cili
ties
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nd
uit
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gth
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otal
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vey
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an
nel
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ipes
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ipes
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4
A9-47
06M
arch
2014 2
Ty
pes
of
Con
du
its
(Ma
teri
als
)
C
onve
yance
chan
nel
s:C
oncr
ete
pip
es,
duct
ile
cast
-ir
on
pip
es,
stee
lpip
es,
etc.
T
ransm
issi
on
and
dis
trib
uti
on
pip
es:
Duct
ile
cast
-ir
on
pip
es,
stee
lpip
es,
etc.
S
ervi
cepip
es:
Sta
inle
ssst
eel
pip
es,
vinyl
chlo
ride
pip
es,
etc.
5
Rem
ain
ing
Ag
edP
ipes
W
est
ill
hav
ean
tiquat
edpip
esth
atw
ere
laid
year
sag
o
C
ause
sof
leak
sfr
om
pip
edam
age
and
turb
idw
ater
L
ow
deg
ree
of
seis
mic
-res
ista
nce
L
arge
dan
ger
from
pip
esla
idar
ound
by
1965
A
bott
lenec
kto
conti
nuin
gto
pro
vide
ast
able
wat
ersu
pply
inth
efu
ture
We
refe
rto
such
anti
quat
edpip
esas
“age
dpip
es”
6
50
0m
mH
igh
-qu
alit
yca
st-i
ron
pip
e(w
ater
pip
eab
ou
t4
0ye
ars
old
)
Co
nd
itio
no
fA
ged
Pip
es(I
nte
rio
rS
urf
ace
Ru
st)
7
Vu
lner
ab
ilit
yof
Aged
Pip
es
8
Wat
erp
ipe
pu
lled
apar
tb
yth
eH
ansh
in-A
waj
i(K
ob
e)E
arth
qu
ake
A9-48
06M
arch
2014 3
Sit
esW
her
eA
ged
Pip
esR
emain
Th
isk
ind
of
site
isd
iffi
cult
toex
cav
ate.
..
Sit
esw
ith
po
or
wo
rken
viro
nm
ent
Und
erro
ads
whe
reth
ere
are
man
ybu
ried
obje
cts,
orw
here
road
wid
this
narr
ow,
aged
pipe
sha
vebe
enle
ftbe
caus
ew
ork
isdi
ffic
ult
Cro
ssin
gsi
tes
un
der
rail
way
s,ri
vers
Age
dpi
pes
have
been
left
beca
use
ther
ear
enu
mer
ous
cons
trai
nts,
and
repl
acem
ent
isdi
ffic
ult
Ro
ute
sw
ith
no
bac
ku
pfu
nct
ion
Th
ere
are
rou
tes
wh
ere
the
wat
ersu
pp
lyca
n’t
be
shu
to
ffto
rep
lace
the
pip
esb
ecau
sew
ater
can
no
tb
esu
pp
lied
thro
ugh
oth
erco
nd
uit
s
Rep
lace
men
tis
real
lyd
iffi
cult
!
Wa
ter
pip
eW
ate
rp
ipe
Riv
erO
ther
com
pa
nie
s’p
ipes
9
７００
Ex
am
ple
of
Sit
eW
her
eA
ged
Pip
esR
ema
in
10
W2
00
G1
00
NT
T3
-tu
be
Sin
gle
laye
r
W7
00
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td
igsi
tep
ho
to 11
Lea
kA
ccid
ent
at
Inte
rsec
tio
nin
Fro
nt
of
Sta
tio
n
12
A9-49
06M
arch
2014 4
13
Lea
kA
ccid
ent
Fro
mA
ge
Det
erio
rati
on
(Mar
ch20
05)
・N
atu
ral
leak
age
from
age
det
erio
rati
on,
etc.
(ab
out
5,0
00m
3)
・500
FC
AP
ipe
laid
in1960
14
15
Lea
kA
ccid
ent
at
Riv
erC
ross
ing
(Au
gust
2003
)
16
・N
atu
ral
leak
age
from
age
det
erio
rati
on(a
bou
t8,0
00m
3)
・φ
1500 S
PP
ipe
laid
in1948
Ter
ashi
ma
Lin
e(T
otal
leng
th8
.6k
m)
Are
aw
est
ofA
rak
awa
Riv
erK
anam
achi
Pu
rifi
cati
onP
lant
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oval
0.6
km)
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chi
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d
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seR
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mid
aR
iver
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kaw
aW
ard
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toW
ard
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kZ
one
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iver
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uct
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stin
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agaw
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iver
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sush
ika
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d Edo
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ard
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iona
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6
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kaw
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anam
achi
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rifi
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onP
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-A
yase
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ossi
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4
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kZ
one
5
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agaw
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sect
ion
Air
mor
tar
infi
ll
A9-50
06M
arch
2014 5
Lea
kA
ccid
ent
at
Ara
ka
wa
Riv
erC
ross
ing
Sec
tio
n 17
Aged
Pip
eR
epla
cem
ent
Sta
tus
18
○S
table
and
effi
cien
tw
ater
supply
oper
atio
n
○In
acci
den
tor
emer
gency
,st
ronge
rbac
k-up
funct
ions
requir
ed
Kan
am
ach
i
Nagasa
wa
Mis
ato
Hig
ash
imu
ray
am
a
Sak
ai
Asa
ka/M
ison
o
Oza
ku
Kin
uta
/Kin
uta
shim
o
Imp
rove
men
tof
Wat
erT
ran
smis
sion
Pip
eN
etw
ork
19
Du
pli
cati
on
of
Wa
ter
Rec
eivin
gS
yst
em
20
Pu
rifi
cati
onpl
ant
Wat
erdi
stri
buti
onzo
ne
Su
b-ro
ute
tran
smis
sion
cond
uit
Dis
trib
uti
onpi
pe
Wat
ersu
pply
ing
stat
ion
Mai
nro
ute
tran
smis
sion
cond
uit
Pu
rifi
cati
onpl
ant
Wat
ersu
pply
ing
stat
ion
Wat
erdi
stri
buti
onzo
ne
Dis
trib
uti
onpi
pe
By
hav
ing
adupli
cate
wat
erre
ceiv
ing
syst
em,
secu
rea
stab
lew
ater
supply
wh
enan
ytr
oubl
eoc
curs
atpuri
fica
tion
pla
ntor
tran
smis
sion
con
duit
.
A9-51
06M
arch
2014 6
Dea
rC
ity
Res
iden
ts:
To
kee
pda
mag
efr
om
disr
upt
ion
of
the
wat
ersu
ppl
yb
ecau
seo
fan
eart
hqu
ake
toa
min
imu
man
den
sure
the
wat
ersu
ppl
yto
the
exte
ntp
oss
ible
,T
okyo
Wat
erw
ork
sis
no
wze
alou
sly
repl
acin
gex
isti
ng
pip
esw
ith
thos
eth
atha
vese
ism
ic-r
esis
tant
join
tsw
ith
func
tion
topr
even
tjo
ints
from
pull
ing
apar
t.
Ove
r10
year
sw
ew
ill
repla
ce
abou
t5,
000k
mof
wat
erpip
esw
ith
pip
esth
ath
ave
seis
mic
-re
sist
antjo
ints
How
far
is5,
000k
m?
Tok
yo
Osa
ka
◎
◎
21
10
-Yea
rP
roje
ctto
Ma
ke
Wa
ter
Pip
eJ
oin
tsS
eism
ic-r
esis
tan
t
Thi
sco
rres
pon
ds
to10
tim
esth
edi
stan
cebe
twee
nT
okyo
and
Osa
ka
Sei
smic
-res
ista
ntjo
int
pip
est
ruct
ure
Sei
smic
-res
ista
nt
join
tim
pro
vem
ent
rati
o
Tod
ay
Aft
er1
0y
ears
29%
54%
Sh
orte
ned
nu
mb
erof
rep
air
day
s
30
da
ys
Tod
ay
Aft
er1
0y
ears
18
days
Sei
smic
-res
ista
nt
Pip
elin
es
22
To
be
cau
ght
her
e,w
on’t
pu
lla
pa
rt!
・C
on
sid
erin
gea
rth
qu
ake
mo
vem
ent
scen
ario
s,li
qu
efac
tio
nri
skan
dp
rogr
ess
inre
pla
cin
gan
ti-s
eism
icjo
ints
,si
tes
wit
hh
igh
pri
ori
tyh
ave
bee
nim
ple
men
ted
firs
t.
・B
esid
esth
eca
pit
alar
eaan
dm
edic
alin
stit
uti
on
s,ev
acu
atio
nce
nte
rsan
dm
ajo
rtr
ain
stat
ion
sw
ere
new
lyad
ded
.
Bu
ild
ing
Dis
ast
er-r
esp
on
seC
ap
ab
ilit
ies
of
Wa
terw
ork
s
Wate
rS
up
ply
Sta
tion
Metr
op
olit
an
Cen
tralB
od
ies
Med
icalA
gen
cies
Pri
nci
palS
tation
s
Evacu
atio
nC
en
ters
Are
aw
here
heavy
dam
ag
eis
an
tici
pate
d
An
ti-s
eis
mic
join
tp
ipe
Wa
tersu
pp
lyp
ipe
sw
ith
se
ism
ic-
resis
tan
ce
Dis
trib
ution
reserv
oir
23
Wa
ter
Su
pp
lyO
per
ati
on
s
24
Inte
grat
edan
def
fici
ent
wat
ersu
pp
lyop
erat
ion
s
Raw
wate
rop
erati
on
s,m
ain
pip
elin
eop
erati
on
s,w
ate
rd
istr
ibu
tion
op
erati
on
s(P
lan
pre
para
tion
,sta
tus
mon
ito
rin
g,ad
just
men
ts)
W
ate
rsu
pp
lyin
gst
ati
on
op
era
tin
gsu
pp
ort
(Pla
np
rep
ara
tion
,sta
tus
mon
ito
rin
g,ad
just
men
ts)
In
form
ati
on
coll
ecti
on
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tist
ica
lan
aly
sis,
data
pro
vis
ion
,etc
.
Wat
erso
urc
ear
ea
Am
ou
nt
of
snow
fall
,ra
infa
ll
Res
ervo
ir
Infl
ow
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me,
ou
tflo
wvolu
me
K
ept
wate
rvo
lum
e
Riv
er
Flo
wra
te(w
ate
rle
vel
)
Pu
rifi
cati
on
pla
nt
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ate
rin
tak
evolu
me
W
ate
rd
istr
ibu
tion
vo
lum
ean
dd
istr
ibu
ted
wate
rp
ress
ure
O
per
ati
on
als
tatu
s,et
c.
Wat
ersu
pp
lyin
gst
atio
nan
db
oost
erp
um
pst
atio
n
Wate
rd
istr
ibu
tion
vo
lum
ean
dd
istr
ibu
ted
wate
rp
ress
ure
O
per
ati
on
als
tatu
s,et
c.
Dis
trib
uti
onm
ain
tele
met
ers
C
on
du
itw
ate
rp
ress
ure
an
dfl
ow
rate
(257
loca
tion
sin
Tok
yow
ard
s,55
loca
tio
ns
inT
am
a)
Au
tom
ated
wat
erq
ual
ity
mon
itors
W
ate
rq
uali
tyo
fta
pw
ate
r(4
5lo
cati
on
sin
Tok
yow
ard
s78
loca
tion
sin
Ta
ma)
Bra
nch
offi
ce
A9-52
06M
arch
2014 7
Wh
at
are
“W
ate
rS
up
ply
Op
era
tion
s”?
D
efin
itio
nof
wat
ersu
pply
oper
atio
ns
B
asic
thin
king
conce
rnin
gw
ater
supply
oper
atio
ns
Wat
ersu
pp
lyo
per
atio
ns
mu
stu
sera
ww
ater
effi
cien
tly
and
ach
ieve
op
tim
izat
ion
of
the
wat
ertr
ansm
issi
on
,an
dco
ntr
ibu
teto
eco
no
mic
effi
cien
cy
Wat
ersu
pp
lyo
per
atio
ns
refe
rto
the
con
tro
lo
fo
per
atio
ns
for
raw
wat
er,
trea
tmen
tw
ater
,wat
ertr
ansm
issi
on
and
wat
erd
istr
ibu
tio
nw
hil
em
easu
rin
gm
utu
alac
com
mo
dat
ion
amo
ng
faci
liti
esin
ord
erto
ensu
reo
pti
mal
op
erat
ion
sb
ased
on
the
stat
us
of
each
of
thes
efa
cto
rs
N
eces
sity
of
wat
ersu
pply
oper
atio
ns
To
pro
vid
ean
imp
arti
alw
ater
sup
ply
,la
rge-
scal
ean
dco
mp
lex
wat
erd
istr
ibu
tio
nn
etw
ork
faci
liti
esex
ten
din
go
ver
ab
road
regi
on
mu
stb
eo
per
ated
effi
cien
tly
25
Tok
yo
Wate
rwor
ks
Ch
ara
cter
isti
cs
Typ
ical
wat
ertr
ansm
issi
onan
ddi
stri
buti
onsy
stem
(im
age)
Tok
yoW
ater
wor
ksw
ater
tran
smis
sion
and
dist
ribu
tion
syst
em(i
mag
e) Mu
tua
lw
ater
acc
omm
oda
tio
n
26
Pu
rifi
cati
on
pla
nt
Pu
rifi
cati
on
pla
nt
Pu
rifi
cati
on
pla
nt
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rifi
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nt
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lyin
gst
atio
n
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pp
lyin
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atio
n
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ersu
pp
lyin
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atio
n
Wat
ersu
pp
lyin
gst
atio
n
Ser
vice
area
Ser
vice
area
Ser
vice
area
Ser
vice
area
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vice
area
Ser
vice
area
Wa
ter
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urc
esa
nd
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inF
aci
liti
es
Wat
erP
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o Tam
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r
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ne
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ato
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amac
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To
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i
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iba
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ake
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amis
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mi
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kura
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asak
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o
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am
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ai
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ama
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ma
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ervo
ir
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rifi
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on
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nt
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end
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ersu
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n
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issi
on
/dis
trib
uti
on
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um
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ata
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kaw
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agaw
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aid
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oyo
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tin
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kai
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yosu
27
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and
islo
won
rain
ydays
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dem
and
isla
ter
on
holid
ays
時刻
Demand volume (m3)Flu
ctu
atio
nin
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ter
Su
pp
lyV
olu
me
by
Tim
eof
Day
28
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fair
Weekday,
rain
Holid
ay,
fair
New
Year’
sD
ay
A9-53
06M
arch
2014 8
参考資料
29
Mon
itor
ing
des
k
Dis
trib
utio
nre
serv
oir
oper
atio
nste
rmin
als
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erat
ions
supp
ort
term
inal
s
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ph
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ypan
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tran
ce
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ersu
pply
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atio
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als
Wat
ersu
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rmin
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12-panelmulti-screen
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nit
ori
ng
Act
ivit
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30
31
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gust
10
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12
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day
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en’s
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cer
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AF
luct
uat
ion
inw
ater
sup
ply
volu
me
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okyo
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n)
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dar
ea
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rtof
broa
dcas
tS
tart
ofm
atch
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sth
alf
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ftim
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econ
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lf
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eric
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goal
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eric
a-
2nd
goal
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n-
1st
goal
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ofm
atch
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offi
rst
half
Sta
rtof
seco
ndha
lf
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ofbr
oadc
ast
Day
ofth
ega
me
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n(J
uly
6,1
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0)
32
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itw
ate
ropera
tion
pla
n
配水
区域
Wate
rdis
trib
utio
nre
serv
oir
Wate
rpurific
atio
npla
nt
Wate
rin
take
pla
ntP
P
P
Wate
rdis
trib
utio
npum
p
Wate
rD
istr
ibu
tio
nC
on
tro
lS
yste
m
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ate
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istr
ibu
tio
nS
CA
DA）
Wate
rC
on
tro
lC
en
ter
Wate
rS
up
ply
Op
era
tio
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yste
m
（W
ate
rS
up
ply
Op
era
tio
nS
CA
DA）
Opera
tionalpla
n
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rsupply
are
a
P
WT
PS
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DA
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PS
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DA
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alc
ontr
ol
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dem
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ropera
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al
pla
nbased
on
dem
and
fore
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g
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zing
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rdis
trib
utio
npip
enetw
ork
inre
al
time
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ol
with
appro
pri
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ssure
and
flow
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hang
eof
data
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nit
ori
ng
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ore
ca
st
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ntr
ol
Me
as
ure
/Co
ntr
ol
Me
as
ure
A9-54
06M
arch
2014 9
NR
Win
To
ky
o
33
Dat
afo
rF
Y20
12
Tot
alA
mou
nt
ofD
istr
ibu
ted
Wat
er=
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illi
onm
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ear
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ers
incl
ude;
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on-S
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ng
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eter
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%]
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ater
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ksO
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[0.1
%]
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rB
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chO
ffic
esC
ust
omer
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vic
eC
ente
r
On
-Dem
an
dR
epai
rW
ork
(24
-ho
ur
Ser
vic
e)
34
Wate
rL
eak
Cal
lsfr
om
Cu
sto
mer
s,P
oli
ce,e
tc
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ruct
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sfo
rIn
vest
igat
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air
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k
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atio
nan
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epai
r
Are
aof
Lea
kR
epai
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ond
uct
edb
yW
ater
wor
ks
35
Pu
bli
cR
oad
Pri
vate
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per
ty
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erw
ork
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eak
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air
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ner
ship
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sto
mer
s
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sto
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s
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uti
on
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es
Ser
vice
Pip
es
Lea
kD
etec
tio
nW
ork
36
D
etec
tU
nd
erg
rou
nd
Lea
ks
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ym
easu
ring
the
amou
ntof
wat
eren
teri
ngin
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isol
ated
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ribu
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late
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ght
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yli
sten
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ctor
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ust
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arL
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ecto
rs
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kd
etec
tor
A9-55
06M
arch
2014 10
Pla
nn
edR
epla
cem
ent
of
Dis
trib
uti
on
Pip
es
37
An
Old
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t-Ir
on
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eN
ewD
uct
ile
Cas
t-Ir
on
Pip
esw
ith
Sei
smic
-Res
ista
nt
Join
ts
70
80
90
10
0
0
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0
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0
60
0
80
0
1,0
00
1,2
00
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00
19
95
20
00
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05
20
10
RatioofDuctileCast-IronPipes(%)
NumberofLeaksfromDistributionoPipesperYear
Ch
an
ge
of
Ma
teri
al
Use
din
Ser
vic
eP
ipes
38
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dp
ipe
Fle
xib
lest
ain
less
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lp
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16
20
0
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40
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10
0 19
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11
LeakageRate(%)
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van
tage
sof
24/7
Su
pp
lyw
ith
Wat
erP
ress
ure
over
Inte
rmit
ten
tS
up
ply
39
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void
cont
amin
atio
nan
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pply
safe
wat
er
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emov
epu
mps
and
tank
sat
hous
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able
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ctan
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ntin
uous
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pply
L
ocat
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ore
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ly
M
onit
oran
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aint
ain
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pply
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fect
ivel
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/7
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lyw
ith
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essu
reIn
term
itte
ntsu
pply
Pipe
Ad
va
nta
ges
of
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/7
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ter
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pp
ly
40
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vo
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ati
on
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pp
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r
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ho
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icb
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ria
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ck
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sily
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amin
atio
n
A9-56
06M
arch
2014 11
Ad
va
nta
ges
of
24
/7
Wa
ter
Su
pp
ly
41
R
emo
ve
pu
mp
sa
nd
ov
erh
ead
tan
ks
at
ho
use
ho
lds
an
den
ab
led
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ta
nd
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tin
uo
us
wa
ter
sup
ply
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sure
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essu
reA
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pria
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ure
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pu
mp
No
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k
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k
Pu
mp
Ad
va
nta
ges
of
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/7
Wa
ter
Su
pp
ly
42
L
oca
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ate
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ak
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ore
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ly
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ck
No
soun
dS
oun
ds
ofle
aks
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va
nta
ges
of
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/7
Wa
ter
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pp
ly
43
M
on
ito
ra
nd
ma
inta
inw
ate
rsu
pp
lysy
stem
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ctiv
ely
Inte
rmit
tent
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ecti
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onti
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tion
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ssu
regau
ge,
flow
gau
ge,
etc.
Con
trol
Cen
ter
To
ky
oW
ater
work
sA
sset
Man
age
men
t
44
A9-57
06M
arch
2014 12
Wit
hu
nif
ied
crit
eria
Co
ncr
ete
stru
ctu
res;
crac
k-d
ensi
ty/
wid
th/
len
gth
,d
elam
inat
ion
den
sity
(Tab
le1
),et
c.P
ipes
;n
um
ber
of
corr
osi
on
/le
akag
e,so
ilch
arac
teri
stic
s,et
c.
Tab
le1:
Eva
luat
ion
Cri
teri
aof
Con
cret
eS
tru
ctu
res
Ph
oto-
1In
basi
nP
hot
o-2
Del
am
inati
on
Insp
ecti
on
Res
earc
h
45
Ele
ctro
nic
dat
abas
e,p
oss
ible
toac
cess
by
any
staf
fs.
(in
spec
tio
nre
sear
chd
ata,
rep
air
his
tori
es,
asse
tle
dge
r,fi
nan
cial
dat
a,o
per
atio
nan
dm
anag
emen
td
ata,
etc.
)F
acil
itie
s:co
ncr
ete
stru
ctu
rean
deq
uip
men
tP
ipes
:d
istr
ibu
tio
np
ipes
.(l
ink
edw
ith
Map
pin
gS
yste
m)
Data
base
Fig
ure
1
46
Ass
essm
ent
of
So
un
dn
ess
Fig
ure
3:
Cra
ckD
ensi
typ
red
ict
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
2055
2060
2065
2070
2075
2080
2085
2090
2095
2100
2105
2110
2115
2120
2125
部材割合（％）
西暦
E D C B A
Ratioofgrade（％）
Yea
rC
onst
ruct
ion
Fig
ure
2:
Cra
ckd
ensi
typ
red
icti
on
Insp
ecti
on
AB
C
D
E
47
Cos
t
Year
1stR
enew
al2nd
Ren
ewal
Dur
abili
tyfo
r2ge
nera
tions
(T)
Dur
abili
type
riod
Res
tofD
urab
ility
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Run
ning
cost
1
Ren
ovat
ion
Cos
tC
onst
ruct
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Cos
tY
1Y
2
R1
α
noda
taR
unni
ng
cost
2R2
(B)
LC
C=
(Y1
+Y
2)+
(R1
+R
2)-
B
Y1:
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truc
tion
Cos
t,Y
2:1st
Ren
ewal
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t(Y
2)
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Run
nin
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ost,
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Runn
ing
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afte
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ewal
.
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efit
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edco
stof
elec
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umpt
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repai
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eque
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)/T
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ota
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ost
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ife
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ost
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rati
ons
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ati
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CC
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aly
sis
an
dR
enew
al
pla
n
48
A9-58
06M
arch
2014 13
An
nu
al
Tot
al
Cos
tT
he
An
nu
alT
ota
lC
ost
isth
eto
tal
of
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stru
ctio
nan
dru
nn
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ivid
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yth
ed
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for
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atio
ns.
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eac
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ula
use
dis
bel
ow
.
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nu
alT
otal
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t(A
TC
)=
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+Y
2)/
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α)
+(R
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-B
)/
T
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stru
ctio
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ost,
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enew
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t,R
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unni
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ost
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wal
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enef
itby
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t
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ewal
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ility
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ning
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ovat
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49
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erw
orks
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ropol
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ern
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t
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ncep
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are
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ver
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Up
gra
de
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tyca
pa
city
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calyear)
-1959
1960-
1965-
1970-
1975-
1980-
1985-
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1995-
2000-
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ate
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rks 52
A9-59
06
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A9-60
12
34
06
Marc
h2014 2
Acc
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A9-61
56
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A9-62
910
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TH
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A9-63
13
14
15
第 3 回セミナー
2014 年 8 月 27 日に、Indian Habitat Center にて開催された。出席者数は総勢約 90 名人であった。
「NRW の削減」をメインテーマに据え、以下の発表があった。
1) 持続可能な水道事業経営～東京都の経験から：東京水道サービス㈱増子社長
2) 東京都水道局の漏水防止対策：東京都水道局、谷本東部第一支所給水課長
3) NRW 率低減に向けた東京都水道局の取組み：東京都水道局、小澤新宿営業所長
4) 漏水探知デモンストレーションの実施報告：堀江専門家
5) DJB における現状の漏水発見及び漏水修理のプロセス：DJB の発表
セミナーの後半は、DJB が今後どのように NRW を削減していくかについて、JET の百瀬統括を
コーディネータとして、パネルディスカッションを行った。内容は以下の通りであった。
a) 検針方法
b) 料金未払い者への対応
c) 配水管などの水道施設建設のためのコストは顧客に請求するか否か
d) 水道料金の見直し頻度
e) 料金請求の期間
f) メータの設置状況、また、メータのないものへの料金の請求方法
g) 水道事業への政府からの補助金投入状況
h) 未納料金の回収にかけた費用と回収できた料金の比率
i) （TSS から）LDI の作業効率を改善するために、職員増加を提案
j) （谷本課長から）古い管や痛んだ管の交換と、マッピングなどのデータベース更新を継続
的に実施することの重要性を提案
k) （増子社長から）TSS がタイ国のパイロットプロジェクトで NRW が 26％から 3％にまで
減ったケースを紹介
第 3 回セミナー1 第 3 回セミナー2
A9-64
第 3 回セミナー・ディスカッション 1 第 3 回セミナー・ディスカッション 2
A9-65
THIRD SEMINAR UNDER “THE ASSISTANCE RELATED TO DELHI WATER SUPPLY
IMPROVEMENT PROJECT” (Scheduled)
Organized By
Delhi Jal Board AND Japan International Cooperation Agency
Date: 27th of August 2014
Venue: Magnolia, Indian Habitat Center Location: Delhi, India09:30 ~ 10:00 RegistrationOpening Speech10:00 ~ 10:10 AM
10:10 ~ 10:20 AM
- Delhi Jal Board (DJB)Mr. Vijay Kumar, Chief Executive Officer, Delhi Jal Board- JICAMr. Shinya Ejima, Chief Representative of India Office, Japan International CooperationAgency
Special Lecture10:20 ~ 10:50 AM “Sustainable Water Supply Management ~Experience in Tokyo~”
Dr. Atsushi Masuko, President, TSS TOKYO WATER Co., Ltd(Former director general of Waterworks Bureau of Tokyo Metropolitan Government)
DJB’s session10:50 ~ 11:20 AM “Prevention of water leakage in Delhi”
DJB LD&I or The relevant persons of leakage prevention unitWaterworks Bureau Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s session11:20 AM ~ 12:20 PM “Prevention of water leakage in Tokyo”
Mr. Tomoyuki Tanimoto, Director, Water Supply Section, East Area First Branch Office,Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
“NRW reduction practice in TMWB”Mr. Kenji Ozawa, Manager of Shinjuku Service Station, West Branch Office, Bureau ofWaterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
12:20 ~ 12:35 PM Tea BreakJICA Expert session12:35 ~ 13:05 PM “Leak detection demonstration performance report and suggestion about leakage
reduction”Mr. Hiroki Horie, JICA Leak Detection Expert
Panel Discussion13:05 ~ 14:05 PM “Conversion to stable water supply management by reduction of Non-Revenue
Water”Coordinator: Mr. Kazufumi Momose, Chief AdvisorPanelist: DJB, TMWB, JICA Expert
Closing Speech14:05 ~ 14:15 PM - Delhi Jal Board (DJB)
Mr. Amit Satija, Addl. C.E.O Director (Finance ＆Accounts), Delhi Jal Board14:15 ~ Lunch
A9-66
A9-67
A9-68
A9-69
A9-70
27
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A9-71
27
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A9-72
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11
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ater
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4000
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A9-74
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nsi
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atio
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re
17
A9-75
27
Au
g2
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S.C
.Vas
his
hth
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)II
OB
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etec
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dIn
vest
igat
ion
Cel
lw
asse
tu
pin
19
79
wit
han
ob
ject
ive
of
det
ecti
ng
leak
age
inth
ew
ater
mai
ns,
info
rmin
gth
eco
nce
rned
div
isio
ns
tota
ke
rem
edia
lac
tio
nto
plu
gin
the
leak
ages
and
thu
sre
du
cin
gw
asta
geo
fp
reci
ou
sw
ater
.
FUN
CTI
ON
SO
FTH
EPA
TRO
LLIN
GST
AFF
T
od
etec
tsu
rfac
ele
akag
esin
the
wat
erm
ain
s.
T
ore
po
rtle
akag
esto
the
con
cern
edE
ng
inee
r-in
-ch
arge
.
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od
etec
th
idd
enle
akag
eso
nre
ceiv
ing
req
ues
tfr
om
ap
arti
cula
rd
ivis
ion
by
usi
ng
leak
det
ecti
on
equ
ipm
ents
.
PR
OC
EDU
RE
FOR
LEA
KD
ETEC
TIO
N
1.B
YV
ISU
AL
OB
SE
RV
AT
ION
DU
RIN
GF
IEL
DS
UR
VE
Y
2.B
YT
HE
US
EO
FL
EA
KD
ET
EC
TIO
N
EQ
UIP
ME
NT
3.T
HR
OG
HC
OM
PL
AIN
TF
RO
MF
IEL
D
TH
RU
PU
BL
IC/S
TA
FF
A9-76
12
34
27
Au
g2
01
4 2
VIS
UA
LO
BSE
RV
ATI
ON
Th
em
ost
com
mo
np
roce
du
refo
rd
etec
tin
gle
akag
eis
visu
alo
bse
rvat
ion
.T
he
fiel
d/p
atro
llin
gst
aff
wo
rkin
gin
the
div
isio
ns
are
dep
loye
dfo
rfi
eld
surv
eyin
thei
rd
esig
nat
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eas
on
dai
lyb
asis
.
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bb
lin
go
fw
ater
inth
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reet
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ad,
dam
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ess,
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vege
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(in
ho
t,d
ryw
eath
er)
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ng
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lin
em
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dic
ate
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age.
USE
OF
LEA
KD
ETEC
TIO
NEQ
UIP
MEN
TSIf
the
leak
age
can
no
tb
efo
un
db
yvi
sual
insp
ecti
on
,le
akd
etec
tio
neq
uip
men
tsar
eu
sed
tolo
cate
the
exac
tp
oin
to
fle
akag
e.T
he
foll
ow
ing
equ
ipm
ents
are
use
db
yL
DI
staf
fto
det
ect
leak
ages
:-
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ipe
Ro
ute
Lo
cato
r
S
ou
nd
ing
Ro
d
P
ort
ab
leL
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ecto
r(G
rou
nd
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rop
ho
ne)
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easu
rin
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hee
l
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ER
OU
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CA
TOR
Th
eP
ipe
rou
telo
cato
rw
ork
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nth
ep
rin
cip
leo
fp
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ng
ara
dio
sign
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ep
ipel
ine.
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ep
ipe
wil
lth
enac
tas
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rial
and
carr
yth
esi
gn
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nth
ep
ipe.
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ha
spec
iali
zed
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iore
ceiv
er,
the
pat
ho
fth
isra
dio
sign
alca
nb
etr
aced
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hu
sth
elo
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on
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eca
nb
efo
un
d.
SOU
ND
ING
RO
D
So
un
din
gR
od
isa
lon
gn
on
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vero
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ith
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ran
gem
ent
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ear
the
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age
sou
nd
ato
ne
end
.
Th
eso
un
dca
use
db
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akd
epen
ds
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city
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eo
pen
ing.
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hve
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rou
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ertu
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em
ore
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ise
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rge
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char
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rou
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larg
eap
ertu
re.
A
nex
per
ien
ced
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rker
can
man
age
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ak.
A9-77
56
78
27
Au
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DIG
ITA
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AK
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ECTO
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ITH
GR
OU
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PH
ON
E
P
ort
able
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ecto
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pro
cess
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bas
edel
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on
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stru
men
ts.
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eyse
nse
and
amp
lify
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sou
nd
of
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erle
aks.
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ele
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rifi
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dib
lyb
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eso
un
din
gp
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any
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vati
on
and
rep
air
bee
nca
rrie
do
ut.
D
LD
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sist
so
fco
ntr
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it,
gro
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dm
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ph
on
es,
sou
nd
ing
rod
san
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eces
sary
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ecti
ng
cab
les.
T
he
Gro
un
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ph
on
eco
mb
ines
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tivi
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ith
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ven
ease
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abli
ng
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ecte
do
ver
ag
reat
erd
ista
nce
,an
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ack
gro
un
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ois
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pre
ssed
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ven
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nd
ing
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ipm
ent.
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his
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ds
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air
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,re
du
ces
rep
air
cost
san
den
sure
sth
atd
isru
pti
on
toth
ew
ater
sup
ply
ism
inim
ized
.
DIG
ITA
LLE
AK
DET
ECTO
RW
ITH
GR
OU
ND
MIC
RO
PH
ON
E
•H
idd
enle
akag
esw
ere
fin
do
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inar
eas
usi
ng
met
ald
etec
tor,
DL
D(D
igit
alle
akd
etec
tor)
and
oth
erL
eak
det
ecti
on
equ
ipm
ents
.
•R
ajen
der
Nag
ar(
July
,20
08
)
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idd
enle
akag
eat
Raj
Gh
atn
ear
red
ligh
t.(
Sep
tem
ber
,20
09
)
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he
leak
det
ecti
on
surv
eyo
nP
atel
Nag
arro
adle
akag
en
ear
met
rop
illa
rn
o.
176
run
nin
gin
sto
rmw
ater
dra
in’s
man
ho
les
nea
rM
CD
dis
pen
sary
.(
Oct
ob
er,2
011
)
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eak
age
atN
ehru
vih
arin
IR
Ris
ing
mai
n,
op
po
site
bu
sst
and
,Tim
arp
ur.
(Ju
ly20
14)
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EO
FLE
AK
AG
ES
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kag
efr
om
join
ts
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eak
age
fro
mai
rre
leas
eva
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L
eak
age
du
eto
crac
kin
the
PS
Cp
ipe
L
eak
age
du
eto
crac
kin
the
wel
din
go
fth
eM
Sp
ipe
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eak
age
fro
mth
esl
uic
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A9-78
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11
12
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Met
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llin
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ith
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ing
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ls.
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ol
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e
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urs
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ied
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ith
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po
fsu
bm
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ble
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mp
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wh
ich
may
req
uir
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ich
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the
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inth
eai
rre
leas
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slu
ice
valv
e.
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he
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age
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be
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gge
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cin
gth
eru
bb
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all
inth
eai
rre
leas
eva
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case
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en
eed
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rep
lace
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ych
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ing
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dp
ack
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e.
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ailo
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ain
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ise
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o.
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ain
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13
14
15
16