49-602c.indd
*·**
Sediment Characteristics of the Beach and Subtidal Zone in Shindu Marine Protected Area
Young Ho Shin* · Jong Cheol Seo**
: 20 9
.
.
, . -

. 1
Na+Ca2+Mg2+K+, 2 Na+Mg2+Ca2+K+ . Na+, Mg2+, K+
, . Ca2+
. --
.
.
: , , , ,
Abstract : We analyzed physical and chemical properties of sediments from 20 subtidal points and 9 beach points to dene sedimentary environment between summer and winter of Shindu Marine Protected Area. Means of particle size in summer were generally ner than winter’s. ere was distinctively spatial pattern that particle sizes became increasingly fine as west direction and apart from beach in summer, but this pattern was not shown in winter. Coarse sediments were prevailed in winter. To explain these patterns, we propose possible two causes which are spatially dierent water depth condition related with seasonal wave climate or ne sediment input from an estuary located in south of this area during summer rainy season. Contents of exchangeable cations of sediment in summer were shown Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ in order, but those of winter were shown Na+>Mg2+Ca2+>K+. Contents of Na+, Mg2+, and K+ were related with contents of ne sediment and showed high correlation in each other. ese relations were not shown between Ca2+ and others. Our results show that there are spatio-temporal unique sedimentary environments between subtidal zone, beach, and dune near Shindu Marine Protected Area. Therefore, we should consider these spatio-temporal patterns for environmentally sound management of Shindu coastal system.
Key Words : Shindu coastal dune, Marine Protection Area, beach, subtidal zone, sediment characteristics
* BK21+ 4-Zero (Post-doc researcher, BK21+ 4-Zero Land Space Cre- ation Group, Seoul National University), syhgeo@snu.ac.kr
** (Associate Professor, Department of Geography Education, Catholic University of Daegu), jcseo@chol.com
- 813 -
1.
(·, 2005).

, ,
,

(French, 2001; Nordstrom,
2000; Viles and Spencer, 1995).

(eg. ·,
2009; , 2012; , 2007).

,


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8 9
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( 431
) (2002 10 9)
( 1).
,

(eg. , 2012),
(eg. ,
1999),
(eg. , 2013),
(eg.
, 2011).
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(eg. , 2007;
, 2012), -
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639,170m2,
1 .
·
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- ( 1).
- 814 -

20(ST1~ST20) 9(B1-1~B3-1)
.
‘ ’(,
2002) .
(Labond-type grab sam-
pler) ,
1cm
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GPS(Garmin GPS V, USA) 2).

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, 10%
(H2O2) 3).
4Ø(0.064mm)
.
(JISCO J-VSS sieve shak-
er) 5 ,
Micrometrics SediGraph 5100
. Gradistat ver-
1.

.
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1.
- 815 -
sion 8.0(Blott and Pye, 2001) , Folk and
Ward(1957) , , ,
.

(K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+)
.
--

-
.

( , 2012; ,
2005; , 2005; Kim and Yu, 2009; van der
Valk, 1974) .
2mm 4g 20ml
(1N, CH3COOHNH4) 1

(ICP, Varian 720-ES)
ArcGIS 10.1
4), SPSS 21 ‘
T-’ ‘’, ‘
’
.
·
2 ,
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10~11 .
1()
(ne sand) (medium
silt) , 1
.
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4
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(medium sand)
, .

. 1
,
( 3).
.

,
( 4). 2

1 .
(moderately well sorted)
,
( 5).

,
( 4, 5).
13, 17, 18
(negative skewed) . 1
.

(
6). 2

, 4
( 7).
1
(leptokurtic, )
- 816 -
(platykurtic, ),
(mesokurtic, )
( 8). 2
2.

*
(Folk,
1968)
ST-1 2.52 0.33 0.00 0.74 100.00 0.00 0.00 S 2.45 0.48 -0.24 1.44 99.69 0.10 0.21 S
ST-2 2.79 0.59 0.28 0.98 97.87 0.95 1.17 S 3.01 0.64 -0.06 0.74 99.10 0.33 0.57 S
ST-3 4.24 2.06 0.60 2.61 81.03 16.01 2.96 zS 2.54 0.62 -0.05 1.65 98.89 0.64 0.47 S
ST-4 7.05 3.05 -0.81 0.48 41.38 4.46 54.16 sC 3.49 2.22 0.48 1.77 78.88 19.68 1.43 zS
ST-5 2.53 0.38 0.13 0.99 98.08 0.72 1.20 S 2.46 0.45 -0.19 1.18 100.00 0.00 0.00 S
ST-6 2.97 1.09 0.40 1.76 92.68 4.08 3.24 S 2.91 0.92 -0.19 1.32 97.46 1.43 1.12 S
ST-7 4.75 2.71 0.57 0.64 66.56 25.92 7.52 zS 1.82 2.04 -0.30 1.06 93.14 5.96 0.90 S
ST-8 4.91 2.96 0.61 0.72 64.56 17.47 17.97 mS 2.43 0.99 -0.22 2.10 96.93 2.06 1.00 S
ST-9 2.50 0.35 -0.04 0.80 98.27 0.69 1.04 S 2.42 0.50 -0.22 1.32 99.65 0.10 0.25 S
ST-10 2.57 0.47 0.18 1.17 98.22 0.74 1.05 S 2.60 0.66 0.01 1.55 99.34 0.20 0.47 S
ST-11 4.43 2.52 0.77 0.79 73.96 21.45 4.58 zS 2.25 0.93 -0.52 2.40 98.39 1.14 0.47 S
ST-12 4.39 2.54 0.77 1.93 76.09 17.21 6.69 zS 2.79 0.75 0.05 1.09 97.99 0.77 1.24 S
ST-13 2.48 0.49 -0.10 1.33 98.41 0.50 1.09 S 2.42 0.50 -0.21 1.26 98.74 0.31 0.95 S
ST-14 2.55 0.48 0.21 1.27 96.24 1.62 2.14 S 2.45 0.44 -0.19 1.21 100.00 0.00 0.00 S
ST-15 2.91 1.41 0.49 2.50 90.56 5.14 4.31 S 2.69 0.91 -0.07 1.81 98.35 0.76 0.89 S
ST-16 3.67 2.10 0.67 2.37 82.23 14.24 3.54 zS 2.68 0.93 -0.09 1.81 98.58 0.69 0.73 S
ST-17 2.48 0.39 -0.11 0.95 97.53 0.95 1.52 S 2.20 0.72 -0.41 1.48 100.00 0.00 0.00 S
ST-18 2.36 0.52 -0.23 1.11 97.72 1.63 0.64 S 2.44 0.46 -0.17 1.13 99.71 0.11 0.18 S
ST-19 2.50 0.56 0.02 1.46 97.74 0.98 1.29 S 2.52 0.65 -0.03 1.52 98.84 0.50 0.66 S
ST-20 2.65 0.66 0.15 1.43 95.55 1.50 2.94 S 2.36 1.05 -0.34 2.45 98.69 0.84 0.47 S
3.36 1.28 0.23 1.30 87.23 6.81 5.95 2.55 0.84 -0.15 1.51 97.62 1.78 0.60
1.23 1.02 0.40 0.63 15.71 8.40 12.02 0.34 0.48 0.20 0.44 4.67 4.41 0.43
B1-1 2.41 0.47 -0.20 1.23 100.00 0.00 0.00 S 2.26 0.58 -0.27 1.08 97.46 0.94 1.60 S
B1-2 2.49 0.34 -0.02 0.76 98.11 0.53 1.35 S 2.46 0.47 -0.20 1.22 97.39 1.05 1.56 S
B1-3 2.49 0.33 0.00 0.74 98.50 0.42 1.09 S 2.50 0.35 0.03 0.79 98.19 0.57 1.24 S
B2-1 2.47 0.41 -0.14 1.03 97.39 0.76 1.85 S 2.28 0.56 -0.25 1.06 98.22 0.61 1.17 S
B2-2 2.44 0.43 -0.17 1.13 100.00 0.00 0.00 S 2.44 0.46 -0.18 1.14 97.18 1.11 1.71 S
B2-3 2.50 0.33 0.00 0.74 98.74 0.27 0.99 S 2.47 0.42 -0.15 1.07 97.25 0.90 1.85 S
B3-1 2.43 0.45 -0.17 1.13 98.54 0.76 0.71 S 2.25 0.58 -0.25 1.01 97.14 1.24 1.62 S
B3-2 2.47 0.40 -0.13 1.00 97.86 0.85 1.30 S 2.33 0.53 -0.25 1.11 98.22 0.68 1.10 S
B3-3 2.48 0.40 -0.13 1.00 98.66 0.54 0.80 S 2.43 0.48 -0.18 1.15 96.76 1.80 1.44 S
2.47 0.40 -0.11 0.97 98.64 0.46 0.90 2.38 0.49 -0.19 1.07 97.53 0.99 1.48
0.03 0.05 0.08 0.18 0.88 0.32 0.61 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.54 0.38 0.26
* S: sand, zS: silty sand, sC: sandy clay, mS: muddy sand
- 817 -
2. (1) 3. (2)
4. (1) 5. (2)
6. (1) 7. (2)
- 818 -
tic) ,
.
,
(
9).
.
( 2). 1
(S, sand) (zS,
silty sand) , (mS; muddy sand)
(sC, sandy Clay) 1 ( 10).
(sC) 4
.
(mS) (zS) 6
. 2
(zS) 4
(S) ( 11).
,
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8. (1) 9. (2)
10. (1) 11. (2)
- 819 -
2)
3 .


(Na+Mg2+Ca2+K+)5)
.
1
Na+Ca2+Mg2+K+ , 2
3. (: mg/kg)
1 2
ST-1 166.1 45.9 58.6 305.8 139.7 68.1 86.6 530.2
ST-2 255.2 57.9 88.1 464.2 97.0 89.5 127.6 875.6
ST-3 258.5 87.5 137.5 767.8 76.3 76.8 84.8 487.3
ST-4 315.7 180.4 288.2 1716.0 225.5 124.3 167.2 1177.0
ST-5 261.8 53.8 81.2 418.0 84.8 88.7 167.2 1155.0
ST-6 211.2 62.5 88.4 463.1 145.2 108.4 139.7 822.8
ST-7 257.4 97.2 147.4 799.7 75.8 64.6 56.9 338.8
ST-8 283.8 89.8 140.8 870.1 107.5 78.9 95.8 661.1
ST-9 185.9 46.3 72.3 391.6 97.8 75.7 144.1 1053.8
ST-10 221.1 45.9 54.8 269.5 70.1 84.0 133.1 870.1
ST-11 260.7 134.2 223.3 1397.0 110.0 77.0 83.9 553.3
ST-12 202.4 87.8 119.9 684.2 76.0 71.4 109.2 646.8
ST-13 222.2 44.2 60.6 309.1 76.7 56.1 72.6 510.4
ST-14 235.4 45.0 62.0 298.1 75.7 70.1 99.9 712.8
ST-15 155.1 52.0 52.7 272.8 56.2 58.2 89.1 546.7
ST-16 269.5 80.9 135.3 729.3 89.5 56.4 72.9 463.1
ST-17 227.7 49.0 82.1 460.9 119.9 67.5 136.4 869.0
ST-18 337.7 43.5 72.7 348.7 102.6 62.6 107.9 693.0
ST-19 297.0 49.5 88.9 433.4 113.3 75.9 145.2 924.0
ST-20 180.4 68.3 113.3 610.5 102.7 71.0 102.9 665.5
240.2 71.1 108.4 600.5 102.1 76.3 111.1 727.8
48.8 35.2 59.8 380.3 37.0 16.9 32.1 234.5
B1-1 258.5 44.0 71.2 361.9 126.5 70.5 122.1 920.7
B1-2 229.9 54.0 96.8 513.7 84.5 65.5 102.1 694.1
B1-3 229.9 56.5 107.1 595.1 124.3 73.8 128.7 929.5
B2-1 237.6 51.6 97.2 498.3 95.4 55.6 79.1 598.4
B2-2 239.8 54.0 103.7 581.9 104.9 64.1 97.5 674.3
B2-3 196.9 56.0 99.2 533.5 88.2 61.6 94.5 671.0
B3-1 234.3 51.7 84.7 419.1 63.0 57.5 114.4 930.6
B3-2 235.4 46.1 74.6 416.9 104.2 68.9 113.3 875.6
B3-3 251.9 54.2 96.0 529.1 91.5 62.3 108.6 781.0
234.9 52.0 92.3 494.4 98.1 64.4 106.7 786.1
17.2 4.3 12.6 79.2 19.8 6.0 15.2 130.9
- 820 -
2 Ca2+
.
Ca2+

.
kg ( 3). Ca2+
4 18, 19 ,
1, 9, 15, 20 .
196.9~258.5mg/kg
.
18 19

Ca2+
( 12). 2 Ca2+ 56.2
~225.5mg/kg , 63.0
~126.5mg/kg ( 3). 2
Ca2+ 1
. 4 1
, 15 1
15 ( 13).
1 K+ 43.5~180.4mg/kg
( 3). K+ 4
11 ,
1, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18 .
44.0~56.5mg/kg

( 14).

( 14). 2
K+ 56.4~124.3mg/kg 1
( 3).
4 6 1 4
. K+ 55.6~ 73.8mg/kg
(
15).
1
( 15). 1
2 K+
,
.
( 3). 4 11
, 1, 10, 13, 14, 15 .
Mg2+ 71.2~107.1mg/kg

( 16).
12. Ca2+ (1) 13. Ca2+ (2)
- 821 -
14. K+ (1) 15. K+ (2)
16. Mg2+ (1) 17. Mg2+ (2)
18. Na+ (1) 19. Na+ (2)
- 822 -
( 16). 2 Mg2+
56.9~167.2mg/kg ( 3).
4 5 1
4 .
. Mg2+
79.1~128.7mg/kg
. 2 1
(
17).
4 11 K+, Mg2+
,
10, 13, 14, 15 K+, Mg2+
. Na+ 361.9~595.1mg/kg
,
. K+, Mg2+

( 18). 2
Na+ 338.8~1,177.0mg/kg 1

( 3). 4, 5, 9, 19
1 4
,
7 . Na+
598.4~930.6mg/kg ,
. 2
1
( 19).
4.
1 2 ,


T- ( 4).

.
, 1
3.36Ø(, very fine sand),
2.5~3.0Ø 13
4Ø 6
( 20).
2 2.47Ø (medium
sand), 2.0~3.0Ø
19
( 20).


(, 2002; , 2001)
. 21 22 2001
4 2002 7

. 2002 7
( 22) 2013 8
( 2)
. , 2001 4
, 2014 1

( 21).

(2002) 6) (2002
7, 2013 8, 2014 1)
. 5

. 10 2013 8
2002
, 2014
1
. , 10
( 20).

.
- 823 -
4. T-


1 *-2 * .17251 .27640 .05133 .06737 .27764 3.361 28 .002
1 *-2 * .07749 .51956 .09648 -.12014 .27512 .803 28 .429
1 -2 .28483 .44493 .08262 .11559 .45407 3.447 28 .002 1 -2 -.17690 .62013 .11516 -.41278 .05899 -1.536 28 .136
*:
20.
(2002 7 (2002)
22. 2002 7
(, 2002)
. (2002)
.
,
(Chun et
al., 1998; Lee et al., 1999),

(·, 1998; , 1999;
, 2000) .



,
.

.
-
( , 1996; ·, 2005)
(, 2011; 2010)
.



. (2011)



( 23).


.
2m ( 24).
.
2m


,


.
. ,
,
(open-coast area) (embayment coastal
area) (,
2011). ,
,
.
3 ,

5. (LSD)
(I)** (J) (I-J) 95%

2013 8 2014 1 .23413* .09834 .021 .0372 .4311 2002 7 .01433 .09834 .885 -.1826 .2113
2014 1 2013 8 -.23413* .09834 .021 -.4311 -.0372 2002 7 -.21979* .09834 .029 -.4167 -.0229
2002 7 2013 8 -.01433 .09834 .885 -.2113 .1826 2014 1 .21979* .09834 .029 .0229 .4167
*: 0.05
**:
( 25). 24

,
,
,
.
(2011) (sM, sandy mud)
,

.
.


.
(a) (b)
( 1:25,000 ,
, )
25.
(map.naver.com )
- 826 -
()
T
( 6),
Ca2+ Na+. Ca2+ 26

.
18 19
. Na+
(
27). 4
11
. K+ Mg2+ 2

.
, 4 11
Na+ (
28, 29). Ca2+
.
Ca2+
.
(, )
(Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), (,
) (, )

. 7
30 . 1 K+, Mg2+, Na+, ,
, 2 Ca2+
.
Ca2+
, Ca2+

.
,
K+, Mg2+, Na+
(
-Mg2+(r2=0.768), -K+(r2=0.904),
-Na+(r2=0.784)).


.
(2012) .
(2012)
Ca2+
Ca2+
,
( 31, 32).


.

6. T-


1 Ca2+-2 Ca2+ 137.7310 43.7912 8.1318 121.0737 154.3883 16.937 28 .000
1 K+-2 K+ -7.4241 25.5243 4.7397 -17.1331 2.2848 -1.566 28 .128
1 Mg2+–2 Mg2+ -6.3690 56.6754 10.5244 -27.9271 15.1892 -.605 28 .550 1 Na+–2 Na+ -178.3517 379.1070 70.3984 -322.5563 -34.1471 -2.533 28 .017
- 827 -
,
. -

-
Ca2+
.

. Ca2+
,

.

(eg. )

26. Ca2+ 1-2 27. K+ 1-2
28. Mg2+ 1-2 29. Na+ 1-2
- 828 -
.

.
,

.


(, 2001; , 2010; , 2011; Rhew
and Yu, 2009; , 2002). ,
-



.



. -

.

.
,

. ,




. ,

(
,
)

.

, Mg2+, K+, Na+

Ca2+ .
30. Biplot
7.

Ca2+ 0.155 0.895
K+ 0.907 -0.261
Mg2+ 0.869 -0.245
0.354 0.173


Mg2+, K+, Na+
. ,

Mg2+,
K+, Na+
.

.
Na+
. Na+
, (2005)
(2012) Ca2+Na+Mg2+K
Na+
.
,
, Ca2+
. ,
Na+


.
.
Ca2+
( )
,
.


.
(2005) (2005)
Ca2+
,
, ,
,
.


, ,

.

.
,
(French, 2001).

31.
Ca2+( , 2012)
32.
Ca2+( , 2012)
- 830 -
---

,
.

,

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-
·

.
5.
20 9
·
.
.
1 2.41~2.50Ø( 2.5Ø), 2 2.25~2.50Ø
( 2.4Ø) .
,

.
, , , 4

,
. ·

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·
.


.
.
,

.
1
Na+Ca2+Mg2+K+ , 2
Na+Mg2+Ca2+K+ .
1 2 Ca2+
. Ca2+

. Mg2+, K+, Na+


. Ca2+
.
Ca2+

.
-
· ·

,
.
-
‘ ’
‘ ’
.

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, ,
- 831 -
, .

.
’, ‘’, ‘’

.
2) GPS ,
cm
,
GPS
m
.
3)


.


.
,

.
5) () . Cl-
(55.04%)Na+(30.62%)SO4 2-(7.68%)Mg2+(3.69%)
Ca2+(1.15%)K+(1.10%)HCO3 -(0.41%) (Beer, 1983;
White et al., 1992 ).
6) (2002)
,
.

:
, .
,”
, 13(1), 43-53.
,” :
, 4(2), 127-135.
,” ,
26(6), 584-596.
,” , 40, 93-118.
···, 2012, “VRS/RTK GPS

- ,”
, 19(2), 161-172.
, .
: ,”
, 17(1), 85-93.
,” , 12(2), 87-98.
“ ,”
, 8(6), 59-68.
, 2013, “
,” , 15, 493-
500.
, .
··, 2005, “

,” , 45, 165-183.
, 47(2), 193-207.

,” , 29(4), 326-344.
, .
, 16(2), 1-13.
: ,”
: , 4(2), 117-126.
, 3(3), 149-157.
,”
, 19(2), 17-27.
,” , 18(1),
37-45.
,” : ,
5(2), 105-118.
, 2001, ·
.
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Seasonal and local variation of sedimentation on the wave-dominated tidal ats, southwestern coast of Korea: comparison between inner-bay and open tidal f lats, 15th International Sedimentological
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in the significance of grain size parameters, Jour-
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13-13, (: jcseo@
chol.com, : 053-850-3741)
2014. 11. 5
2014. 12. 8
2014. 12. 31