eb3voc les1

Allow/ 'l /ə ɑʊ

Allow/ 'l /ə ɑʊ

• verb T

Allow/ 'l /ə ɑʊ

• verb T• to let someone do something or let something

happen; permit

Allow/ 'l /ə ɑʊ


happen; permit • You’re not allowed to talk during the exam.

Allow/ 'l /ə ɑʊ


happen; permit • You’re not allowed to talk during the exam. • Are you allowed in the building on weekends?

Allow/ 'l /ə ɑʊ


happen; permit • You’re not allowed to talk during the exam. • Are you allowed in the building on weekends?• They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be

influenced by television.

Allow/ 'l /ə ɑʊ


happen; permit • You’re not allowed to talk during the exam. • Are you allowed in the building on weekends?• They said they wouldn’t allow their lives to be

influenced by television.• دادن اجازه

At the end of

At the end of

• ≠ at the beginning of

At the end of

• ≠ at the beginning of• در انتهای , در پایان

end /end/

end /end/

• verb I/T

end /end/

• verb I/T • Finish

end /end/

• verb I/T • Finish• T: She ended her speech on a verse of Quran.

end /end/

• verb I/T • Finish• T: She ended her speech on a verse of Quran.• How did you end struggle over the program?

end /end/

• verb I/T • Finish• T: She ended her speech on a verse of Quran.• How did you end struggle over the program?• , دادن خاتمه دادن پایان

Word formation:

• ending /'en·d ŋ / ɪ noun C • endless /'en·dl s / ə adjective• endlessly /'en·dl ·sli /ə adverb

At the front

At the front

• در جبهه , در جلو

Average/'æv·r d , - ·r d /ɪ ʒ ə ɪ ʒ


• noun U, adjective


• noun U, adjective• USUAL STANDARD, Normal


• noun U, adjective• USUAL STANDARD, Normal• The quality of her work is well above average.


• noun U, adjective• USUAL STANDARD, Normal• The quality of her work is well above average. • "Was the movie good?" "It wasn’t great, just

average."



average." • I’m 35 and my brothers are 32 and 26, so the

average of our ages is 31.



average." • I’m 35 and my brothers are 32 and 26, so the

average of our ages is 31.• میانگین , متوسط ,معمولی

careful /'ker·f l, kær-/ə


• adjective


• Adjective• giving attention to something


• Adjective• giving attention to something• Norman is a careful driver. • Be careful about what you say to her.


• Adjective• giving attention to something• Norman is a careful driver. • Be careful about what you say to her.• , احتیلط , با مراقب مواظب

Word formation:

Word formation:

• Care (n)دقت, توجه

Word formation:


• Careful(adj) (noun+ -ful →adj)دقیق,مراقب,محتاط

Word formation:



• carefully(adv) با دقت, با احتیاط

Word formation:




• Careless (adj) (noun + -less → adj)بیدقت,بی توجه

Word formation:





• Carelessly(adv) (adjective + -ly → adverb)• با بی دقتی, با بی توجهی

Word formation:





• Carelessly(adv) (adjective + -ly → adverb)• با بی دقتی, با بی توجهی• Carelessness (n) (adj + -ness →noun )بی دقتی

Interest /' n·tr st, ' nt· ·r st/ ɪ ə ɪ ə ə


• noun C/U , verb


• noun C/U , verb • C: an interest in chess


• noun C/U , verb • C: an interest in chess • U: I lost interest halfway through the book.


• noun C/U , verb • C: an interest in chess • U: I lost interest halfway through the book. • “What’s your field of interest?” “It’s

mathematics.”



mathematics.”• Painting has never interested me.



mathematics.”• Painting has never interested me.• , سود(بانکی), علقه ,دلبستگی



mathematics.”• Painting has never interested me.• , سود(بانکی), علقه ,دلبستگی• علقه مند کردن, جذب کردن

Word formation:

Word formation:

• Interest (v,n)علقه , علقه مند کردن,جذب کردن

Word formation:


• Interested (adj) Verb + -ed → adj مند علقه

Word formation:



• Interesting (adj) Verb + -ing → adjجالب

Word formation:



• Interesting (adj) Verb + -ing → adjجالب

• Interestingly (adv) adj+ ly →adv مندی علقه با

behave /b 'he vɪ ɪ

behave /b 'he v/ ɪ ɪ

• verb I/T


• verb I/T • to act in a particular way, or to act in a way

that is correct



that is correct • I : The teacher will instruct the students on

how it is to behave.




how it is to behave.• The researchers wanted to know how families

would behave if they didn’t watch TV.

behave /b 'he v/ɪ ɪ



how it is to behave.• The researchers wanted to know how families

would behave if they didn’t watch TV.• رفتار کردن

Word formation:

Word formation:

• Behave(v)رفتار کردن=

Word formation:

• Behave(v)رفتار کردن= • Behavior = behaviour(n) رفتار=

Word formation:

• Behave(v)رفتار کردن= • Behavior = behaviour(n) رفتار= • Behavioral = behavioural (adj)رفتاری=

Case/ke s/ɪ

Case/ke s/ɪ• noun C

Case/ke s/ɪ

• noun C • a particular example of something

Case/ke s/ɪ

• noun C• a particular example of something • It was a case of not knowing what to say.

Case/ke s/ɪ

• noun C• a particular example of something • It was a case of not knowing what to say. • She said I didn’t accept to answer the

question, but that is not the case.

Case/ke s/ɪ


question, but that is not the case.• Children’s eyesight improved in several cases.

Case/ke s/ɪ


question, but that is not the case.• Children’s eyesight improved in several cases.• نمونه, مورد

Certain /'s rt· n/ ɜ ə


• adjective


• adjective • KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain


• adjective • KNOWING TO BE TRUE ≠ uncertain • "I think Emily is going to pick up Judy." "Are

you certain?"



you certain?" • One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.



you certain?" • One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.• I’m certain (that) he’ll be there.



you certain?" • One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.• I’m certain (that) he’ll be there. • I’m not certain how much it will cost.



you certain?" • One thing is certain – They didn’t play well.• I’m certain (that) he’ll be there. • I’m not certain how much it will cost. • Sure, مطمئن ,معین ,مشخص

Word formation

• Certain(adj) ≠ uncertain • Certainly(adv)• Certainty(n)

channel /ˈt æn· l/ ʃ ə


• noun C


• noun C • a television station


• noun C • a television station • She switched to another channel to

watch the news.



watch the news. • There are 20 TV channels in Iran.



watch the news. • There are 20 TV channels in Iran.• کانال ، شبکه

choose /t u:z/ ʃ

choose /t u:z/ ʃ

• verb I/T

choose /t u:z/ ʃ

• verb I/T • Pt : chose , pp : chosen

choose /t u:z/ ʃ

• verb I/T • Pt : chose , pp : chosen • Parents can choose the schools that they want their

kids to go to.

choose /t u:z/ ʃ


kids to go to. • There was not much to choose between them. They

are similar.

choose /t u:z/ ʃ



are similar.• You can choose between as many as 40 different

books.

choose /t u:z/ ʃ



are similar.• You can choose between as many as 40 different

books.

• کردن انتخاب

choice /t s/ ʃɔɪ

choice /t s/ ʃɔɪ

• noun C/U:

choice /t s/ ʃɔɪ

• noun C/U:• an act of choosing; a decision, حق انتخاب,گزینه

choice /t s/ ʃɔɪ


• a difficult/easy choice

choice /t s/ ʃɔɪ


• a difficult/easy choice • C: Well, I still think people have a choice.

choice /t s/ ʃɔɪ


• a difficult/easy choice • C: Well, I still think people have a choice. • C: I asked if I could have a choice.

choice /t s/ ʃɔɪ


• a difficult/easy choice • C: Well, I still think people have a choice. • C: I asked if I could have a choice.• We have no choice but to drive to the airport.

choice /t s/ ʃɔɪ


• a difficult/easy choice • C: Well, I still think people have a choice. • C: I asked if I could have a choice.• We have no choice but to drive to the airport.• They have many choices to choose from.

Word formation

• Choose(v) = انتخاب کردن

Word formation


• Chose انتخاب کرد

Word formation


• Chose انتخاب کرد • Chosen=انتخاب کرده , انتخاب شده

Word formation



• Choosy= دقیق , وسواس

Word formation



• Choosy= دقیق , وسواس

• Choice= گزینه , انتخاب

Colorful /k l· r·f l/ ʌ ə ə


• Color/k l· r /= ʌ ə رنگ



• noun U



• noun U• colourful



• noun U• colourful• adjective



• noun U• colourful• adjective • having different colors and therefore

interesting




interesting• He had bought a colorful dress for her little

daughter.




interesting• He had bought a colorful dress for her little

daughter.• رنگارنگ

Word formation:

• Color ( n)• Coloring(n) v + -ing → n• Colorful (adj) n + -ful → adj• Colorless(adj) n + less → adj• Color(v)• Colored(adj) v + -ed → adj

continue /k nt n·ju/ ə ɪ


ادامه دادن


• verb I/T


• verb I/T • 1- to keep happening or to keep doing

something without stopping



something without stopping • + to do something:• If it continues to rain, we may have to cancel

the outdoor concert.



something without stopping • + to do something:• I will continue to say what I believe.



something without stopping • + doing something:• They continued hoping there would be

additional survivors.


• verb I/T • 2- You can also continue to do something or

continue doing something if you start to do it again after a pause:

• T: After a break for lunch, they continued their discussions.

Word formation:

• Continue (v) ادامه دادن

• Continual (adj) n + -al →adjتکراری,ادامه دار

• Continually(adv) adj + -ly → adv• Continuous (adj) n + -ous → adjبی وقفه

• Continuously (adv) adj + -ly → adv• Continuation (n) v + -ation → nادامه,دنباله

• Continuity (n) v + ity → nتداوم

daily /de ·li/ ɪ

• adjective, adverb not gradable • happening on or relating to every day, or

every working day • Take the pills (medicines) twice daily. • Exercise is part of my daily routine. • روزانه

among / m ŋ/ ə ʌamongst / m ŋst/ ə ʌ

• preposition • 1- in the middle of or surrounded by:• She felt lonely among all these strange

people.

among / m ŋ/ ə ʌamongst / m ŋst/ ə ʌ

• preposition • 2- Among also means as part of a group or in

the group of people or things named:• They talked about it among themselves. • Among the problems we have to solve,

improving education is probably the most difficult.

• میان

effect / fekt/ ɪ

• noun C/U • RESULT• the result of a particular influence; something

that happens because of something else • C: The medicine had the effect of making me

sleepy.

effect / fekt/ ɪ

• noun C/U • RESULT• the result of a particular influence; something

that happens because of something else • U: The new management actually has not had

much effect on us.• تاثیر, اثر

Affect / fekt /ə

• verb T • INFLUENCE• to have an influence on someone or

something • The disease only affects farm animals. • I was deeply affected by the film. • گذاشتن اثر

Word formation:

• Effect ( v ,n)• Effective ( adj) v + -ive → adj• Effectively adv + ly → adv• Effectiveness adj + -ness → n• Effectual n + -al → adj• Affect ( v )• Affected ( adj ) v + -ed → adj• Affectation v + -ation → n

influence / nflu· ns/ɪ ə

• verb T • to cause someone to change a behavior,

belief, or opinion, or to cause something to be changed

• Religion can influence people’s opinion a lot.

influence / nflu· ns/ɪ ə

• noun C/U • the power to have an effect on people or

things, or someone or something having such power

• C: The kid next door is a bad/good influence on my little brother.

• U: She used her influence to get her son a summer job.

• گذاشتن , تاثیر تاثیر

Word formation

• Influence (n,v)تاثیر, تاثیر گذاشتن

• Influential(adj) تاثیر گذار , موثر , با نفوذ

except / ksept/ ɪ

• preposition, conjunction • 1- not including; but not • It’s cool and quiet everywhere except (for) the

kitchen. • Everyone is here except Peter. • جز به

except / ksept/ ɪ

• preposition, conjunction • 2- Except also means with this difference or in

this case only: • The twins look exactly alike except (that) one

is slightly taller. • تفاوت این با

except / ksept/ ɪ

• verb T • to not include something or someone • When I say I didn’t like the Midwest, I except

Chicago.• کردن استثنا

Word formation:

• Except (prep)=but جز = به• Except (v)= کردن استثنا• Excepting (prep) = استثنای به• Exception ( n)=استثنا v + -ion → n• Exceptional= استثنایی n + -al → adj• Exceptionally adj + ly → adv

experiment / ksper· ·m nt/ ɪ ə ə

experiment / ksper· ·m nt/ ɪ ə ə

• noun C/U • a test done in order to learn something or to

discover whether something works or is true • C: His experiments were planned to find better

ways of using heat energy. • امتحان

experiment / ksper· ment/ɪ ə

• verb I • to test or to try a new way of doing something • The school is experimenting with new teaching

methods. • experimentation / k sper· ·m n te · n, -ɪ ˌ ə ə ˈ ɪ ʃə

sp r-/ ˌ ɪ noun U • امتحان کردن

Word formation;

• Experiment ( n) تست, تجربه

• Experiment ( v )تست کردن , تجربه کردن

• Experimentation ( n ) v + -ation → nآزمایش • Experimental ( adj ) n + -al → adj ,تجربی

آزمایشی

eyesight / ·s t /ɑɪ ɑɪ


• noun U


• noun U • the ability to see , seeing


• noun U • the ability to see , seeing• Her eyesight is not as good as it was before.


• noun U • the ability to see , seeing• Her eyesight is not as good as it was before.• بینایی

future /fju:·t r/ ʃə


• noun C/U


• noun C/U • time which is to come, or sth that will happen

or exist later


• noun C/U • time which is to come, or something that will

happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future?



happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future? • We hope to buy a house in the near future.



happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future? • We hope to buy a house in the near future.• He faces an uncertain future.



happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future? • We hope to buy a house in the near future.• He faces an uncertain future. • I really don’t expect any change in the near

future



happen or exist later • What are your plans for the future? • We hope to buy a house in the near future.• He faces an uncertain future. • I really don’t expect any change in the near

future • آینده

get …away from

get …away from

• phrasal verb

get …away from

• phrasal verb • to leave or escape

get …away from

• phrasal verb • to leave or escape• Take away from

get …away from

• phrasal verb • to leave or escape• Take away from• Wouldn’t it be nice to get away for a

weekend?

get …away from

• phrasal verb • to leave or escape• Take away from• Wouldn’t it be nice to get away for a

weekend? • از کردن جدا ، از کردن دور

harm /h rm/ ɑ

harm /h rm/ ɑ

• noun U

harm /h rm/ ɑ

• noun U • physical or other injury or damage

harm /h rm/ ɑ

• noun U • physical or other injury or damage • She didn’t come to any harm when the car

stopped suddenly.

harm /h rm/ ɑ


stopped suddenly. • Maybe Jim can help you – there’s no harm in

asking.

harm /h rm/ ɑ


stopped suddenly. • Maybe Jim can help you – there’s no harm in

asking.• آسیب ، ضرر

harm /h rm/ ɑ

• verb T • آسیب رساندن

harmful /h rm·f l/ ɑ ə


• adjective


• adjective • ≠ useful


• adjective • ≠ useful • This group of chemicals is known to be

harmful to the environment.



harmful to the environment. • Smoking is harmful for our body.



harmful to the environment. • Smoking is harmful for our body.• مضر

harmless /h rm·l s/ ɑ ə

• adjective • not able or likely to cause( make ) harm • Some think television hurts children and others

say it is harmless. • ضرر بی

Word formation:

• Harm ( v )• Harm ( n ) • Harmful ( adj ) n + -ful → adj • Harmless ( adj ) n + - less → adj

holiday /h l· de / ɑ ə ɪ

• noun C


• noun C • 1- a day when many people don’t work


• noun C • 1- a day when many people don’t work• a national holiday


• noun C • 1- a day when many people don’t work• a national holiday • 2- Canadian , British: A holiday is a vacation .

housewife /h s·w f/ ɑʊ ɑɪ


• noun C


• noun C • Pl: housewives


• noun C • Pl: housewives • A woman who manages a home and family

instead of earning money from a job


• noun C • Pl: housewives • A woman who manages a home and family

instead of earning money from a job• زن خانه دار

How often

• = how many times…• “How often do you go to a dentist?”• “I’ll do it once a year.”• هرچند وقت .... ؟

improve / mpru:v/ ɪ


• verb I/T


• verb I/T • to get better, or to make sth better


• verb I/T • to get better, or to make sth better • I: Her grades have improved greatly this

semester (term).



semester (term). • T: He did a lot to improve conditions for

factory workers.



semester (term). • T: He did a lot to improve conditions for

factory workers. • شدن اصلح ، کردن اصلح ، یافتن بهبود

improvement / mpru:v·m nt/ ɪ ə

• noun C/U • C: We made some improvements to the house

before selling it. • U: There’s been no improvement in his

condition

movie /mu:·vi/

movie /mu:·vi/

• noun C

movie /mu:·vi/

• noun C • 1- a series of moving pictures, often telling a

story, usually shown in a theater or on television; film

movie /mu:·vi/



• 2- A movie theater is a building in which movies are shown.

movie /mu:·vi/



• 2- A movie theater is a building in which movies are shown.

• فیلم ، سالن نمایش فیلم

movies /mu:·vi:z/

movies /mu:·vi:z/

• plural noun

movies /mu:·vi:z/

• plural noun • the showing of movies at a theater, cinema

movies /mu:·vi:z/

• plural noun • the showing of movies at a theater, cinema • We went to the movies last night.

movies /mu:·vi:z/

• plural noun • the showing of movies at a theater, cinema • We went to the movies last night. • سینما

music /mju·z k/ ɪ

music /mju·z k/ ɪ

• noun U

music /mju·z k/ ɪ

• noun U • Classical / folk / country / rap music

music /mju·z k/ ɪ

• noun U • Classical / folk / country / rap music • She started composing music when she was

14.

music /mju·z k/ ɪ

• noun U • Classical / folk / country / rap music • She started composing music when she was

14. • موسیقی

Word formation

• music /mju·z k/ ɪ noun U• musical /mju·z ·k l/ ɪ ə adjective • musician /mj z · n/ ʊ ɪʃ ə noun C

observe / bz rv/ ə ɜ


• verb T


• verb T • to watch something or someone carefully


• verb T • to watch something or someone carefully• Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey


• verb T • to watch something or someone carefully• Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey• In their trip, the students observed how a

newspaper was put together.


• verb T • to watch something or someone carefully• Notice, Remark, Examine, Obey• In their trip, the students observed how a

newspaper was put together.• کردن مشاهده

Word formation

• observe / bz rv/ ə ɜ verb T • observation / b·z rve · n/ ɑ ə ɪ ʃə noun C/U • مشاهده ، نتیجه

• observer / bz r·v r/ ə ɜ ə noun C


Other meaning:

Word formation:

• Observe= مشاهده کردن

• Observation• Observatory=رصدخانه

• Observable=قابل مشاهده

• Observant= مراقب, هوشیار

• Observer=ناظر

twice /tw s/ ɑɪ

twice /tw s/ ɑɪ

• Adverb

twice /tw s/ ɑɪ

• adverb• two times

twice /tw s/ ɑɪ

• adverb• two times • Take the medicine twice a day.

twice /tw s/ ɑɪ

• adverb• two times • Take the medicine twice a day. • I’ve already asked him twice.

twice /tw s/ ɑɪ

• adverb• two times • Take the medicine twice a day. • I’ve already asked him twice. • بار دو

Similar words:

• Once = one time• Twice = two times • three times • Four times• .• .• .

once /w ns/ ʌ

• adverb , conjunction• in the past, but not now, as soon as, or when • I lived in Milwaukee once. • Computers are much cheaper now than they

once were.• Once you’ve tried their ice cream, you’ll be

back for more.

at once

• IDIOMS • immediately, at the same time• You have to call him at once . • Everything happened at once – she graduated,

got a job, and got married, all in June! • همزمان ، فوری

period /p r·i· d/ ɪ ə


• noun C


• noun C • a length of time, a particular time


• noun C • a length of time, a particular time • The study will be carried out(done) over a six-

month period.



month period. • There was no scoring in the second period.



month period. • There was no scoring in the second period.• دوره زمانی

power /p · r/ ɑʊ ə


• noun U


• noun U • the ability or right to control people, strength


• noun U • the ability or right to control people, strength • Push the power to turn on the computer.


• noun U • the ability or right to control people, strength • Push the power to turn on the computer.• نیرو, قدرت



• powerful /p · r·f l/ ɑʊ ə ə adjective



• powerful /p · r·f l/ ɑʊ ə ə adjective• having a lot of power = strong



• powerful /p · r·f l/ ɑʊ ə ə adjective• having a lot of power = strong• He is a good swimmer. He has powerful arms.

Word formation:

• Empower (v) • Power (n , v )• Powerful (adj)• Powerless( adj ) • Powerfully( adv )

practice /præk·t s/ ə


• noun C/U / verb T


• noun C/U / verb T • esp. Canadian, British practise


• noun C/U / verb T • esp. Canadian, British practise • something that is usually done, often as a

habit



habit• U: It was his usual practice to buy a

newspaper every morning on the way to the office.



habit• U: It was his usual practice to buy a

newspaper every morning on the way to the office.

• کردن تمرین

pressure /pre · r/ ʃ ə


• noun C/U


• noun C/U • a strong influence on an organization or

person



person • C: Social pressures will force the company to

sell off its factories.




sell off its factories.• U: They put a lot of pressure on him to leave

the job.




sell off its factories.• U: They put a lot of pressure on him to leave

the job. • تاثیر فشار،

probable /pr b· ·b l /ɑ ə ə


• adjective


• adjective • likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe


• adjective • likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe• The doctor said that the most probable

cause(reason) of death was smoking.


• adjective • likely to be true or likely to happen , maybe• The doctor said that the most probable

cause(reason) of death was smoking. • محتمل

Other forms

• probable /pr b· ·b l /ɑ ə ə adjective• probably /pr b· ·bli/ ɑ ə adverb• probability /pr b· b l· t·i /ɑ ə ɪ ə ̬ noun C/U • the likelihood of something happening or

being true

recent /ri:·s nt /ə


• adjective


• adjective • having happened or having been done a short

time ago, new = تازه ، اخیر ، نو




• He sent me a copy of his most recent story.




• He sent me a copy of his most recent story. • A recent study shows that most of the country-

music audience(listeners) is women.





music audience(listeners) is women. • recently /ri:·s nt·li/ ə adverb= اخیرا ، تازگی به





music audience(listeners) is women. • recently /ri:·s nt·li/ ə adverb= اخیرا ، تازگی به• To find out, an usual experiment was done

recently.

relax /r læks/ ɪ

relax /r læks/ ɪ

• verb I/T

relax /r læks/ ɪ

• verb I/T • to become calm and comfortable, and not

worried , rest

relax /r læks/ ɪ


worried , rest• You’ve got plenty of time. Why don’t you sit

down and relax?

relax /r læks/ ɪ



down and relax?• T: This exercise will help you to relax your neck

muscles.

relax /r læks/ ɪ



down and relax?• T: This exercise will help you to relax your neck

muscles.• شدن آرام ، کردن استراحت

Word formation

• relax /r læks/ ɪ verb I/T • relaxation /ri:lækse · n/ ɪ ʃə noun U• relaxed /r lækst/ ɪ adjective • comfortable and informal • When he saw his son, he was relaxed.

research /ri:·s rt , r s rt / ɜ ʃ ɪ ɜ ʃ


• noun U / verb I/T


• noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things


• noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things• medical/scientific research


• noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things• medical/scientific research • I like doing research.


• noun U / verb I/T • a study of a subject to discover new things• medical/scientific research • I like doing research.• T: Obviously(clearly) they didn’t research it

and get enough information.



and get enough information.• کردن تحقیق ، تحقیق



and get enough information.• کردن تحقیق ، تحقیق• researcher /ri:s r·t r/ ɜ ʃə noun C = محقق

single /s ŋ·g l/ ɪ ə


• adjective ,


• adjective , • ONE: one only


• adjective , • ONE: one only • A single customer was left in the shop.


• adjective , • ONE: one only • A single customer was left in the shop. • Compare: double TWICE


• adjective , • ONE: one only • A single customer was left in the shop. • Compare: double TWICE • 2- A single bed is a bed for one person.


• adjective , • ONE: one only • A single customer was left in the shop. • Compare: double TWICE • 2- A single bed is a bed for one person. • یک

skill /sk l/ ɪ

skill /sk l/ ɪ

• noun C/U

skill /sk l/ ɪ

• noun C/U • a special ability to do something= مهارت

skill /sk l/ ɪ

• noun C/U • a special ability to do something= مهارت • skillful /sk l·f l/ ɪ ə adjective

skill /sk l/ ɪ

• noun C/U • a special ability to do something= مهارت • skillful /sk l·f l/ ɪ ə adjective• Good at doing sth=ماهر

skill /sk l/ ɪ


• Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer).

skill /sk l/ ɪ


• Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer). • skillfully /sk l·f ·li /ɪ ə adverb= ماهرانه

skill /sk l/ ɪ


• Kraft was a skillful composer(music writer). • skillfully /sk l·f ·li /ɪ ə adverb= ماهرانه • Some students are unable to use dictionaries

skillfully.

Word formation:

• Skill (n)= مهارت , توانایی

• Skilled ( adj )=مهارتی , تخصصی

• Skillful( adj )=ماهر

• Skillfully ( adv ) =با مهارت

sport /sp :rt/ɔ

sport /sp :rt/ɔ

• noun C/U

sport /sp :rt/ɔ

• noun C/U • a game, competition, or similar activity, done

for enjoyment or as a job,

sport /sp :rt/ɔ


for enjoyment or as a job, • C: Football, baseball, and basketball are all

team sports.

sport /sp :rt/ɔ



team sports. • U: Do you fish for sport or in order to eat?

sport /sp :rt/ɔ



team sports. • U: Do you fish for sport or in order to eat? • ورزش

struggle /str g· l/ ʌ ə


• verb I / noun C


• verb I / noun C • to fight, esp. physically, to work hard to do

something کردن =جروبحث



something کردن =جروبحث• Both men were arrested after their struggle in

the street.




the street. • He struggled with his cousin, and his uncle had

to step in to calm things down.




the street. • He struggled with his cousin, and his uncle had

to step in to calm things down. • Struggle on = continue to do sth hough it is

difficult

succeed /s ksi:d/ ə

Word formation:

test /test/

test /test/

• noun C

test /test/

• noun C • a set of questions or practical activities that

show what someone knows or what someone or something can do or is like:

test /test/



• medical examination

test /test/



• medical examination• spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test

test /test/



• medical examination• spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test • a safety test / a car test on a road

test /test/



• medical examination• spelling test / an eye test / a DNA test • a safety test / a car test on a road• امتحان ، معاینه ، تست

A point:

• Take a test = take an exam• Give a test ( an exam ) • A students takes a test ( an exam) and a

teacher gives a test ( an exam )

television /tel· v · n/ ə ɪʒ ə

• TV noun C/U • 1- a large box with a viewing screen which

receives electrical signals, the programs that you watch,

• Is there anything interesting on television ? • Your problem is that you watch too much TV. • C: Most homes have televisions. • ) ( آن( برنامه تلویزیون ، دستگاه (تلویزیون

set /set/

• noun C • a television = دستگاه I walked in the room and turned off the set.

Theater/θi:· t· r, θi:et· r/ ə ̬ ə ̬ ə


• theatre noun C


• theatre noun C • a building, room from which people can watch

a movie or another activity



a movie or another activity • Lincoln Plaza Cinema has five movie theaters.



a movie or another activity • Lincoln Plaza Cinema has five movie theaters.• ) ( هنر( تئاتر ، سالن (تئاتر

Type/t p/ɑɪ

Type/t p/ɑɪ

• noun C

Type/t p/ɑɪ

• noun C • = kind = sort = form

Type/t p/ɑɪ

• noun C • = kind = sort = form • I’m more comfortable in jeans and T-shirts,

and that type of thing.

Type/t p/ɑɪ


and that type of thing. • We have makeup for all different types of skin.

Type/t p/ɑɪ


and that type of thing. • We have makeup for all different types of skin. • نوع

type /t p/ ɑɪ

• verb I/T • to write using a keyboard • I: I never learned how to type. • T: He typed the report yesterday.

unusual / nju· ·w l/ ʌ ʒə ə

• adjective • not usual = special• different from what is usual or common• I was actually on time, which is unusual for

me. • ویژه ، معمول غیر

unusually / nju· ·w ·li/ ʌ ʒə ə

• adverb• in a way or to a degree that is different from

what is usual or expected • We had unusually warm weather in

December. • There is no evidence of unusually high rates of

disease.

view /vju:/

view /vju:/

• verb T

view /vju:/

• verb T • to look at or consider something

view /vju:/

• verb T • to look at or consider something • How do you view your chances of getting that

job?

view /vju:/

• verb T • to look at or consider something • How do you view your chances of getting that

job? • کردن مشاهده ، دیدن

viewer /vju:· r/ ə


• noun C


• noun C • a person who watches TV or another thing


• noun C • a person who watches TV or another thing• Millions of viewers watch the Match on TV

every year.


• noun C • a person who watches TV or another thing• Millions of viewers watch the Match on TV

every year. • بیننده

weak /wi:k/

weak /wi:k/

• adjective -er/-est only

weak /wi:k/

• adjective -er/-est only • lacking strength or energy, not strong

weak /wi:k/

• adjective -er/-est only • lacking strength or energy, not strong• After having been so sick, it’s not surprising

you still feel weak.

weak /wi:k/


you still feel weak. • The coffee was weak and tasteless

weak /wi:k/


you still feel weak. • The coffee was weak and tasteless• That old chair is very weak and needs gluing.

weak /wi:k/


you still feel weak. • The coffee was weak and tasteless• That old chair is very weak and needs gluing.• رقیق , رنگ کم ، ضعیف

Word formation

• weak /wi:k/ adjective -er/-est • weakly /wi:·kli/ adverb adj + ly → adv• weakness /wi:k·n s/ ə noun C/U adj + ness → n• weaken /wi:·k n/ ə verb I/T adj + en → verb• Make weak

wonder /w n·d r/ ʌ ə


• noun C/U / verb


• noun C/U / verb• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself,


• noun C/U / verb• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, • U: People simply stared at her in wonder.


• noun C/U / verb• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, • U: People simply stared at her in wonder. • C: She’s a wonder!


• noun C/U / verb• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, • U: People simply stared at her in wonder. • C: She’s a wonder! • U: If you didn’t study, no wonder you failed the

test.


• noun C/U / verb• a feeling of great surprise, ask oneself, • U: People simply stared at her in wonder. • C: She’s a wonder! • U: If you didn’t study, no wonder you failed the

test. • پرسیدن خود از ، شدن زده شگفت ، شگفتی

Word formation

• wonder /w n·d r/ ʌ ə noun C/U / verb• wonderful /w n·d r·f l/ ʌ ə ə adjective • extremely good, Surprising• wonderfully /w n·d r·f ·li /ʌ ə ə adverb • Becoming a father was the most wonderful

experience of my life.• His skill in reading is wonderful for his age.

worry /w ·ri/ ʌ

worry /w ·ri/ ʌ

• verb I/T

worry /w ·ri/ ʌ

• verb I/T • to think about problems

worry /w ·ri/ ʌ

• verb I/T • to think about problems• I: My mother always worries about me when I

don’t come home by midnight.

worry /w ·ri/ ʌ


don’t come home by midnight. • I: "Will you be all right walking home?" "Don’t

worry – I’ll be fine.“

worry /w ·ri/ ʌ


don’t come home by midnight. • I: "Will you be all right walking home?" "Don’t

worry – I’ll be fine.“• نگران بودن , نگران شدن

worried /w ·rid/ ʌ


• Adjective


• adjective • Not relaxed= مضطرب , نگران


• adjective • Not relaxed= مضطرب , نگران • We were very worried when he did not answer

his phone.



his phone. • She had a worried look on her face.



his phone. • She had a worried look on her face. • مضطرب ، نگران

eb3voc les1

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