ecbp 2008 annual report

中国.欧盟生物多样性项目2008年度报告EU-China Biodiversity ProgrammeAnnual Report for 2008

中国—欧盟生物多样性项目2008年度报告

01

A.简介

B.总结

C.2008年项目成果与进展综述

C.1.履行《生物多样性公约》的规划、政策和管理机构框架得到加强

C.1.1.支持《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划》和地方《生物多样性战略与行动计划》

C.1.2.支持第四次《生物多样性公约》国家报告的编写和国家2010年指标的制定

C.1.3.生物多样性法律和政策研究

C.1.4.生物多样性信息与监测

C.1.5.汶川震区生物多样性影响应急研究

C.2.生物多样性纳入相关政策和立法，包括战略环评和环境影响评价

C.2.1.将生物多样性纳入环境影响评价和战略环评

C.2.2.将生物多样性纳入部门政策

C.2.3.将生物多样性纳入政府官员政绩考核体系

C.2.4.生物多样性和气候变化

C.2.5.生物多样性和生态系统的经济价值评估

C.2.6.支持国合会生态系统服务与管理战略课题组

C.3.决策者和公众对生物多样性及其重要性的认识得到提高

C.3.1.继续开发并完善宣传教育工具

C.3.2.制作电视纪录片

C.3.3.组织和参与生物多样性宣传活动

C.3.4.出版物

C.3.5.教育项目

C.3.6.地方示范项目支持活动

C.4.通过在中国中部、南部和西部开展的地方示范项目，提高省级和地方两个层面生物多样性保护的能力

D.挑战与经验

E.2009年工作展望

目录

02

EU-China Biodiversity Programme: Annual Report for 2008

A.IntroductionB.SummaryC.Narrative of 2008 Achievements and Progress

C.1.Strengthened planning, policy, regulatory and institutional framework for CBD implementation

C.1.1.Support to National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) and Local BSAPs

C.1.2.Support to Development of Fourth National Report to CBD and National 2010 Indicators

C.1.3.Biodiversity Legal and Policy Study

C.1.4.Biodiversity Information and Monitoring

C.1.5.Emergency Study of Impact on Biodiversity in Earthquake-Affected Area

C.2.Biodiversity mainstreamed into relevant policies and legislation, including SEA and EIA

C.2.1.Integrating biodiversity into EIA and SEA

C.2.2.Integrating biodiversity into sectoral policies

C.2.3.Integration of biodiversity into performance appraisal system for government officials

C.2.4.Biodiversity and Climate Change

C.2.5.Economic Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

C.2.6.Support to CCICED Task Force on Ecosystem Management and Services

C.3.Increased awareness of decision-makers and general public of biodiversity and its importance

C.3.1.Continuing Development of Awareness and Visibility Tools

C.3.2.Development of TV documentaries

C.3.3.Organization of and participation in biodiversity promotional events

C.3.4.Publications

C.3.5.Education programme

C.3.6.Field Project Support Activities

C.4.Increased capacity for biodiversity conservation at provincial and local level through partnership field

projects in central, southern and western China

D.Challenges and Lessons LearnedE.Outlook for 2009

CONTENTS


03

中国—欧盟生物多样性项目（以下简称“中欧项目”）由欧盟、联合国开发计划署、中华人民共和国商务部

和中华人民共和国环境保护部（以下简称“环保部”）共同发起。旨在通过一系列地方示范项目增强政策对话与政

策制定、加强机构合作、提高环保意识，从而在省级和地方两个层面上提高生物多样性保护的效率。欧盟为此投入

3000万欧元，其中2100万欧元专门用于地方示范项目，而且要求其国内和国际组织合作伙伴至少提供50%的配套资

金。中欧项目通过专业透明、竞争性的招标程序筛选了18个地方示范项目。目前，所有地方示范项目都已经开始实

施。地方示范项目将开发并推广最佳实践模式，以实现重点生态系统的可持续管理，并将生物多样性纳入到省级和

地方两个层面的部门规划中。

中欧项目于2005年11月签署，2006年5月22日“国际生物多样性日”正式启动，计划到2010年2月结束。

A.简介

04


The EU-China Biodiversity Programme (ECBP) is a joint initiative between the European Union (EU),

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Chinese Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) and The

Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) that combines policy dialogue and development, institutional

strengthening and awareness raising with a set of field projects to improve the effectiveness of biodiversity

conservation at the provincial and local level. EU contributes 30 million, of which 21 million is earmarked for field

projects, which also require a minimum of 50% matching funds from partnerships of national and international

organizations. Eighteen field projects were selected through a professional, competitive and transparent tender

procedure and are currently under implementation. The field projects will develop and disseminate best practice

models for sustainable management of key ecosystems and integrate biodiversity into sectoral planning at

provincial and local levels.

The ECBP Programme was signed in November 2005 and officially launched on International Biodiversity

Day, May 22, 2006. It is currently scheduled to end in February 2010.

A.Introduction


05

中欧项目的总体战略包括一个详细的《成果和资源框架》，都在项目文件中有详细的阐述。2007年，《成果和

资源框架》修订版得到项目指导委员会的批准。修订版以中欧项目实施已经取得的进展为基础进行了更新，补充了

相关信息，反映出以结果为导向的途径。中欧项目由此制定了带有时间期限的目标、里程碑和指标等作为整体工作

计划的基础，整体工作计划主要解决如何在项目周期内实现并监测中欧项目的产出与目标的问题。2008年度工作计

划以下列4项产出为基础：

1、履行《生物多样性公约》的规划、政策和管理机构框架得到加强；

2、生物多样性保护纳入国家社会经济发展政策和规划；

3、相关社会经济部门对生物多样性问题的意识和对中欧项目的认知度提高；

4、通过在中国中部、南部和西部开展的地方示范项目，生物多样性保护情况得到改善。

就机构参与、地理分布、所要解决的重要问题等方面而言，所选的18个地方示范项目在整体上展现了高质量和

良好的平衡。包括国家部委、省政府及其他地方政府、研究机构、非政府组织等在内的总共六十九个国内和国际合

作伙伴，组成了一个新的伙伴关系网络。这一伙伴关系网络在广泛宣传与推广项目成果和最佳实践方面也将发挥重

要作用。

这种伙伴关系使得非政府组织、研究机构和其他国际合作伙伴有机会引进国际上的最佳实践和最新技术成果。

同时，还可以更好地了解当地政府处在竞争性的经济需求的压力下实施环境政策和规划的实际情况以及所遇到的限

制。伙伴关系还可以强化生物多样性数据体系，促进信息共享以及对生物多样性成果的有效监测。

每个地方示范项目都要解决特定的重要问题，以实现生物多样性保护在中国自然资源可持续管理中的主流化。

有的地方示范项目旨在帮助重要地区的政府进行能力建设，有的则通过开展创新性、可推广的最佳实践对最新进展

和有效方法进行实际示范。

06


The overall programme strategy is laid out in the Programme Document, which includes a detailed Results

and Resources Framework (RRF). In 2007, a revised RRF was approved by the Programme Steering Committee

to reflect a more results-based approach as well as bring in additional information and update the RRF based

on ECBP implementation progress. As a result, time-bound targets, milestones and indicators were developed

that form the basis of an overall workplan that lays out how ECBP outputs and objectives will be achieved and

monitored over the life of the programme. The 2008 Annual Work Plan is based on four key outputs, as follows

1. Strengthened planning, policy, regulatory and institutional framework for implementation of the

Convention on Biological Diversity

2. Biodiversity conservation is integrated into social and economic development policies and plans

3. Awareness of biodiversity issues and ECBP visibility is increased in relevant socio-economic sectors

4. Improved biodiversity conservation through field projects in central, southern and western China.

The 18 field projects represent a high-quality, well-balanced portfolio in terms of institutional involvement,

geographic spread and key issues to be addressed. All in all sixty-nine national and international partners,

including Chinese line ministries, provincial and other local governments or administrative agencies, research

institutions and NGOs now form this new network, which will play a major role as well for the dissemination and

broader replication of project results and best practice approaches.

The partnerships provide an opportunity for NGOs, research organizations and other international partners

to bring in best practices and the latest technical achievements from throughout the world. At the same time it

will foster improved understanding of the realities and constraints faced by local governments in implementing

environmental policies and plans in the face of competing economic demands. It will also increase strengthening

and sharing of biodiversity data and information systems and its use for more effective monitoring of biodiversity

outcomes.

Each field project addresses important and particular challenges to mainstreaming biodiversity conservation

into sustainable management of China’s natural resources. While some field projects are designed to build the

capacity of local authorities in regions of critical importance, others will provide practical demonstrations of the

latest advances and promising approaches through innovative and replicable best practices.


07

2008年，中国发生了许多大事。2月份，中国大部分

地区遭遇了罕见的冰雪灾害，导致通讯和交通系统大面积

瘫痪，给人民带来了巨大的灾难。从生态角度看，人工林

和森林都遭受了重大损失。不过，冰雪灾害给天然林以及

仿照天然林的多层结构种植的人工林带来的影响要小得

多：这是自然恢复力的重要体现。中欧项目下属的一个地

方示范项目进行了一项“天气事件对华中地区天然竹林和

人工竹林的影响”调查，随后修改了项目战略，推广健

壮的天然林。5月份，四川发生了特大地震。中国将大量

资源和优先资助都投入到了救灾与重建活动中。应中国政

府要求，中欧项目支持了震区生态系统及生物多样性影响

评估，居住在受影响地区的居民在很大程度上都依赖自然

资源维持生计。同时，由于需要将精力放到地震相关活动

上，地方示范项目和中欧项目2008年度工作计划上的很多

活动都受到了影响。中方专家都参与到了重建项目中，中

欧项目不得不取消了多个国际会议及考察活动。受人员不

足和交通困难的影响，6个位于震区内或附近的地方示范

项目进展放缓。

尽管遇到了种种困难，中欧项目在2008年还是取

得了可喜的进展。最后的7个地方示范项目签署了文件

并开始实施。所有18个地方示范项目都开始显现成果，

2009年项目成果将得到进一步推广，并被更多地纳入地

方、省级和国家的政策过程。2008年为环境影响评价开

发的生物多样性评估培训就是一个很好的例子。中欧项

目在重庆举行了全国性的培训，并邀请了在环境影响评

价工作中比较活跃的地方示范项目——特别是重庆示范

项目——参与，分享信息，加强合作。

B.总结

08


2008 was an eventful year for China. In February, unprecedented cold weather, including snow and ice

storms covered much of the country, resulting in widespread disruptions to communications and transport systems

and hardships to vulnerable communities. On the ecological side, many tree plantations and forests suffered

extensive damage. However, the impact on natural forests and those man-made forests that mimicked the multi-

layered structure of natural forests, was much less: an important lesson on the resilience of nature. One ECBP

field project undertook a survey of the weather events impact on Central China’s natural and plantation bamboo

forest and revised its strategy to promote more natural and robust forest. In May, the devastating earthquake

in Sichuan meant that many of China’s resources and priorities turned towards the relief effort and then

reconstruction activities. At the request of the Government, ECBP supported an impact assessment for affected

ecosystems and biodiversity in the earthquake-affected area, where local populations are largely dependent on

natural resources for their livelihoods. At the same time, many field projects’ and other activities in ECBP’s 2008

workplan were disrupted by the need to focus on earthquake-related activities. Thus international study tours and

conferences were cancelled as Chinese experts were involved in reconstruction efforts. Six field projects in and

around the affected area were further slowed down by the diversion of personnel and logistical access problems.

In spite of these difficulties the Programme made

good progress in 2008. The remaining seven field

projects were signed and began implementation. All

eighteen projects are now beginning to show results

and 2009 will see wider dissemination of project outputs

and improved integration into local, provincial and

national policy processes. An example in 2008 was the

development of biodiversity assessment training for EIA.

A national level training programme in Chongqing was

combined with an information sharing and cooperation

exercise among field projects active in EIA, as well as

the Chongqing field project.

B.Summary


09

2008年，中欧项目建立了地方示范项目监测框架并开始对地方示范项目进行常规监测考察和年度监测考察。地

方示范项目监测框架是中欧项目整体监测框架的一部分。在地方示范项目的支持下，生物多样性保护协调机构在省

级和地方两个层面建立起来，并开始发挥作用（如重庆、广西、安庆、呼伦贝尔和阿拉善）。通过纳入地方和省政

府的工作计划（如安庆市政府和重庆市政府）、政府官员政绩考核体系（如安庆和重庆）、广西石灰岩地区的环境

影响评价及战略环评导则、四川省甘孜州的旅游和矿产开发规划等方式，生物多样性保护开始实现主流化。一个地

方示范项目签订了30个小额赠款协议，并开展了10个协议保护项目，以支持在青海、四川两省生物多样性重要地区

开展的社区生物多样性保护及监测工作。五个省（市）开始起草，或已经制定了生物多样性战略和行动计划。地方

示范项目正在建立社区生计和实践模式，并在湿地、竹林、石灰岩森林、草原、农业和荒漠等生态系统中建立和检

验一系列典型生态系统的管理与恢复模式。

在高级别的“生物多样性与气候变化国际研讨会”成功召开后，中国政府决定制定这一新兴重要领域内的国家

战略与行动计划，召集国家层面的合作伙伴。中欧项目促成了将国际经验，尤其是欧盟经验纳入战略与行动计划的

制定过程。这项工作体现了中欧项目在确定和跟踪新问题方面的适应性。而气候变化问题甚至并未在原始项目文件

中提及，可见气候变化问题在国际环境议程中的地位提升显著。生物多样性的经济价值评估情况也与此相似。在该

领域，中欧项目支持了国家层面的研究工作，以阐明中国生物多样性的经济价值，并将此研究与欧盟牵头的“生态

系统与生物多样性的经济学”研究联系起来。在中国环境与发展国际合作委员会（国合会）的有力支持下，中欧项

目促成了国合会生态系统服务与管理战略课题组的组建和运作。课题组为期两年，至2010年底，课题组提出的政策

建议将直接汇报给中国最高决策层。

10


A monitoring framework for field projects has been established as part of the overall ECBP monitoring

framework and regular and annual monitoring visits were undertaken to field projects in 2008. With support

from field projects, coordination bodies for biodiversity conservation have been set up and operated at local

and provincial levels (e.g. Chongqing, Guangxi, Anqing, Hulunbeir and Alashan). Biodiversity conservation

has been initially mainstreamed through incorporation into local and provincial government workplans (e.g.

municipal government of Anqing and Chongqing), into government officials’ performance appraisal system (e.g.

Anqing, Chongqing), into EIA/SEA Guidelines for limestone areas in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and

development plans in Ganzi prefecture of Sichuan province. In one field project, thirty small grant agreements

have been signed and ten Stewardship Conservation Programmes have been established to support community-

based biodiversity conservation and monitoring within critical areas for biodiversity in Qinghai and Sichuan

provinces. Biodiversity strategies and action plans have been developed and/or drafted for five provinces and

municipalities. Community-based livelihood and practice models are being developed and a series of models for

management and restoration of representative ecosystems are also being elaborated and tested for wetlands

bamboo forest, limestone forest, grassland, agricultural and desert ecosystems.

A successful, high-level international conference on Biodiversity and Climate Change led to a commitment

by the Chinese Government to develop a national strategy and action plan in this important and emerging area,

bringing together national partners. ECBP facilitated the incorporation of international, especially EU, experience

into this process. This shows the adaptability of ECBP in identifying and pursuing new opportunities. Climate

change was not even mentioned in the original Programme Document, an indication of how rapidly this subject

has risen on the international environmental agenda! This is also the case for economic valuation of biodiversity,

where ECBP supported a national study to demonstrate the economic value of biodiversity in China, and link this

to the major EU-led study on the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB). ECBP was instrumental in

getting a Task Force created and operational on this topic under the influential auspices of the China Council for

International Cooperation in Environment and Development. Policy recommendations from this two-year Task

Force will be forwarded to the highest levels of policy-making in China at the end of 2010.


11

2008年，中欧项目代表参加了多个高级别活动，如5月份在德国举行的《生物多样性公约》第九届缔约方大会

和8月份为庆祝北京奥运会举行的北京奥运会青年营活动，中欧项目知名度得到了提升。中欧项目制作了大量宣传

品和培训资料，教育宣传子项目也和地方示范项目共同组织了多项活动，在全国宣传生物多样性及其重要性。本年

度，中欧项目宣传教育、政策与机构加强、地方示范项目三个部分的合作得到了加强。环境影响评价培训班、对地

方示范项目人员进行的媒体与宣传培训等，都是这种合作加强的具体表现。在2009年，部门间合作将进一步加强。

索朗平措 Suonum Pengcuo

12


During the year, the visibility of ECBP has increased, with a presence at many

high-level events, from the Conference of the Parties meeting of the Convention

on Biological Diversity in Germany in May to the Olympic Youth Camp held in

Beijing to celebrate the Olympic Games in China. Many promotional and training

materials have been produced and a number of events organized by field projects

and the central awareness component to raise awareness of biodiversity and its

importance throughout the country. The year has seen increased cooperation

between the visibility and awareness, policy and institutional strengthening and

field project components of ECBP. The EIA workshop noted earlier is one concrete

example. Training of field project personnel in media and communication skills is

a further example. Such cooperation will be further increased in 2009.


13

C.1.履行《生物多样性公约》的规划、政策和管理机构框架得到加强

在中国，生物多样性保护的职责分散在许多政府部门，其结果是许多与生物多样性密切相关的社会经济发展规

划和政策在制定过程中不仅没有考虑其对生物多样性的潜在影响，也没有考虑生态系统在提供多种产品和服务保证

人类未来发展方面发挥的重要作用。

中欧项目力图促使政策制定机构将生物多样性作为社会经济发展过程中的关键要素来考虑，并致力于把生物多

样性纳入到部门和经济规划与政策中。

中国履行《生物多样性公约》协调组（以下简称“履约协调组”）是一个机构框架，在促进生物多样性纳入发

展政策方面潜力巨大，由24个部委和机构组成，秘书处设在环保部，负责协调中国的生物多样性相关活动。但是，

《中国生物多样性保护行动计划》这个政策框架是1994年编写的，缺乏战略重点，与生物多样性相关部委的部门计

划和项目脱钩。

在现有分析和能力评估结果的基础上，中欧项目将努力加强履约协调组和环保部的能力建设，为中国履行《生

物多样性公约》重要条款和缔约方大会的决议创造更加有利的环境，将重点放在实现生物多样性纳入国家规划和政

策这一目标上。将履约协调组作为切入点，确定在关键政府部门的工作重点，以便将生物多样性纳入相关部门的规

划和政策中。

经过地方示范项目的努力，已有七个跨部门的生物多样性保护协调机构建立起来，并在省级、县级和项目示范

点等多个层次上发挥作用。这七个协调机构分别位于阿拉善盟、重庆市、信阳市、安庆市、呼伦贝尔盟、拉萨市和

广西壮族自治区。地方示范项目还促成若尔盖泥炭地周围的四个县政府签署了一份谅解备忘录，承诺要为了生物多

样性与重要的生态系统服务而管理重要的高原泥炭地。

C.2008年项目成果与进展综述

14


C.1.Strengthened planning, policy, regulatory and institutional framework for CBD implementation

In China, responsibilities for biodiversity conservation are dispersed and diluted across government

agencies, with the result being that many socio-economic development plans and policies with significant linkages

to biodiversity do not consider potential impacts on biodiversity during their development, nor do they consider

the important role played by ecosystems in providing a wide range of goods and services for sustaining human

development into the future.

ECBP seeks to raise consideration of biodiversity as a key element of the socio-economic development

process and to support improved integration of biodiversity into sectoral and economic planning and policy.

An institutional framework with high potential for promoting the integration of biodiversity into development

policy is China’s high-level Steering Committee for Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity

(SCCBD). SCCBD comprises 24 government agencies and organizations and is supported by a Secretariat based

in MEP, the agency with the broadest legal mandate for coordinating biodiversity initiatives in China. However, the

policy framework, the National Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan dates from 1994 and lacks a strategic focus

and is not aligned to the sectoral plans and programs of biodiversity-related ministries in China

Based on existing analysis and capacity assessments, ECBP will work to strengthen the CBD Steering

Committee and MEP with a view to creating a stronger enabling environment for implementation of key CBD

Articles and COP Decisions in China, with a special emphasis on the goal of mainstreaming biodiversity into

national planning and policy. The CBD Steering Committee will be the start point for identifying focal points in key

government agencies to support the integration of biodiversity into sectoral plans and policies.

With support from the field projects, seven inter-agency coordination structures for biodiversity conservation

have been established and are functioning at provincial, county or site levels in Alashan league, Chongqing

Municipality, Xinyang Municipality, Anqing Municipality, Hulunbeir League, Lhasa City and Guangxi Zhuang

Autonomous Region. As a result of another field project a memorandum of understanding (MoU) has been signed

by the government of four counties surrounding the Great Ruoergai peatland area, which has committed the local

government to manage the important plateau peatland for biodiversity and critical ecosystem services.

C. Narrative of 2008 Achievements and Progress


15

C.1.1.支持《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划》和地方《生物多样性战略与行动计划》

由于1994年制定的《中国生物多样性保护行动计划》已经跟不上时代步伐，且生物多样性的形势以及生物多

样性保护面临的挑战业已发生了根本变化，中国政府采取了积极举措制定新的《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计

划》（以下简称《战略行动计划》）。中欧项目支持了《战略行动计划》编写组的工作。编写组由不同领域的国内

专家组成，主要分析影响中国生物多样性的重要问题，并起草《战略行动计划》分报告。中欧项目还支持了一系列

重要技术会议及利益相关方会议，讨论、审议并整合《战略行动计划》草案。新版《战略行动计划》将把《生物多

样性公约》议程中讨论的许多新问题纳入进来，包括：气候变化、外来入侵物种、获取和惠益分享、转基因生物

等。

在省级和景观层面，呼伦贝尔草原生物多样性管理、广西石灰岩生物多样性保护、重庆市生物多样性保护、

信阳淮河源生物多样性保护和阿拉善荒漠生物多样性保护等地方示范项目支持了五个地方《生物多样性战略与行动

计划》的编制工作。地方示范项目召开了一系列技术研讨会和利益相关方会议，广泛邀请利益相关方参与起草地方

《生物多样性战略与行动计划》，并引进国际经验。所有地方《生物多样性战略与行动计划》都借鉴了国家《战略

行动计划》的编制过程，并结合了当地实际情况和优先领域，为今后向目标地区推广提供了丰富多样的参考经验。

在地方示范项目的支持下，相关单位正在制定两个景观层面的保护与可持续利用战略，以保护四川若尔盖地区

和新疆阿尔泰地区的泥炭地。滇西北的两个国家公园也正在制定国家公园总体规划，这将为国家公园这一新型保护

模式在中国的建立和今后法律地位的认可打下坚实的基础。呼伦贝尔示范项目还促成了中蒙跨国界生物多样性保护

与合作框架协议的签署，确保在这一重要草原地区对迁徙物种及共有资源进行更多的综合管理。

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C.1.1.Support to National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) and Local BSAPs

Recognizing that the 1994 National Biodiversity Conservation Action is outdated and that the situation of

biodiversity and the challenges facing its conservation has changed substantially since that time, China has taken

the positive step of developing an updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). ECBP has

supported a team of national experts from diverse fields to undertake analysis of key issues affecting biodiversity

in China and draft sections of the NBSAP. The programme has also supported a series of key technical and

stakeholder meetings to discuss, review and consolidate drafts of the NBSAP document. This NBSAP will also

take into account the many new and emerging issues that now form an instrumental part of the CBD agenda,

including climate change, invasive alien species, access and benefit sharing and genetically modified organisms.

At the provincial and landscape level field projects have supported the formulation of five BSAPs which

are now under development for Hulunbeir Grassland Biodiversity Management, Guangxi Limestone Biodiversity

Conservation, Chongqing Municipal Biodiversity Conservation, Xinyang Headwater Biodiversity Conservation

and Alashan Desert Biodiversity Conservation. A series of technical workshops and stakeholder meetings have

been convened to draft the BSAPs with participation by a wide range of stakeholders and input of international

experience. While these local BSAPs have been guided by the NBSAP process, each has been developed to take

account of the local conditions and priorities, thus providing a rich diversity of experience for future replication in

targeted areas.

As a result of support from field projects, two landscape conservation and sustainable management

strategies are also underway for peatlands in Ruoergai, Sichuan and Altai, Xinjiang. National Park master

plans are being developed for two national parks in Northwest Yunnan, which provide a solid foundation for

establishment and future legal recognition of this new conservation model in China. A Sino-Mongolian regional

biodiversity conservation and cooperation framework agreement has been signed with support from the field

project in Hulunbeir, assuring more integrated management for migratory species and shared resources in this

important grassland area.


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C.1.2.支持第四次《生物多样性公约》国家报告的编写和国家2010年指标的制定

向驻蒙特利尔的《生物多样性公约》秘书处提交的第四次国家报告，旨在评估中国生物多样性的现状与趋势，

以及中国为实现2010年目标所采取的行动和取得的成果。2010年目标要求，到2010年大幅度降低生物多样性丧失速

率。报告还将汇报中国履行《生物多样性公约》的情况，包括在实施《中国生物多样性战略与行动计划》方面的

进展。中欧项目支持了九位国内专家编写报告，报告将于2009年3月完成。报告的一个重要内容就是制定一套中国

2010年生物多样性指标。专家组首先在全球2010年指标的基础上制定了一套基础指标；中欧项目随后组织了研讨

会，邀请了来自科研机构和非政府组织的技术专家充分讨论了这套基础指标，并引入了欧盟和英国在制定此类指标

方面的经验。在研讨会反馈意见的基础上，专家组修订了中国2010年指标，并根据已有信息、利用这些指标评估了

各种趋势。该项工作已经在日本举行的关于《生物多样性公约》第四次国家报告的国际研讨会上进行了汇报。

除了中国2010年指标方面的工作，中欧项目还支持了一项研究，并召开了研讨会，协助环保部在国家和省级层

面制定生物多样性评估技术导则。四个试点省份参与了此项活动，并在研讨会上对评估方法、现状与趋势指标等进

行了反馈，以便在各省之间进行对比评价。

12月份，生物多样性监测技术研讨会召开。会议邀请了重点部门的专家和代表讨论针对不同动植物群落的监测

技术，加强了不同部门的监测人员之间的联系，并对环保部人员进行了技术培训。

18


C.1.2.Support to Development of Fourth National Report to CBD and National 2010 Indicators

The Fourth National Report to the CBD International Secretariat in Montreal is intended to assess national

status and trends of biodiversity and national actions and outcomes with respect to the achievement of the 2010

target to significantly reduce the rate of loss of biodiversity by 2010. It will also report on CBD implementation in

China, including progress in implementation of national biodiversity strategies and action plans. ECBP supported

nine national consultants in the preparation of this report, which has to be submitted by March 2009. A key

element of the report relates to the development of a set of national 2010 biodiversity indicators. A preliminary

set of indicators, based on the global 2010 indicators was developed and extensively discussed at an ECBP-

supported workshop that brought together technical experts from academic institutions and NGOs and introduced

EU and UK experience in developing such indicators. Based on feedback from this workshop a revised set

of national 2010 indicators was formulated and trends assessed against these indicators based on available

information. This work was presented at an international CBD workshop in Japan on Fourth National Reports.

In addition to the national 2010 indicator work, ECBP also supported a study and workshop to assist MEP in

developing technical guidelines for biodiversity assessment at national and provincial levels. Four pilot provinces

were involved in this cooperation and reported back during the workshop on assessment methodologies and

status and trends indicators, enabling comparative estimates among provinces.

In December, a workshop on monitoring techniques brought together experts and representatives from key

agencies to discuss detailed techniques for monitoring different plant and animal groups, to strengthen links

between monitoring staff of different agencies and provide technical training for MEP personnel.


19

C.1.3.生物多样性法律和政策研究

2007年，中欧项目资助清华大学法学院环境资源能源法研究中心开展对中国生物多样性保护政策和立法框架

的综述研究。4月份，中欧项目召开研讨会对研究报告进行同行评审，搜集了大量的修改建议。最终的建议包括：

加强生物多样性保护与可持续利用之间的联系；改善政策立法的科学基础；协调相关政策法律中的条款；建立具体

的执行机制作为政策制定和立法的有机组成部分。中欧项目又开展了后续研究，对农业、土地利用与林业等重点领

域的部门政策和立法进行更广泛地综述研究，评估这些部门政策和立法对生物多样性的影响，并对中欧项目的优先

行动提出建议，包括制定《生物多样性框架法》的可行性。该后续项目也将对制定和实施框架法的国际经验进行研

究。

由北京师范大学牵头实施的地方示范项目，其主要目标就是分析目前在地方、省级和中央各层面将生物多样性

纳入重点部门的管理结构和法律基础。该地方示范项目将向中央政府就改善中国生物多样性管理在中央层面的机构

设置与法律框架提出建议。

在地方示范项目的支持下，地方层面也起草了一些法规条例。例如，起草了《安庆市湿地资源管理条例》；

专为滇西北两个保护地起草了《国家公园管理条例》；修改了《重庆市生态环境保护条例》，纳入并重点强调了生

物多样性保护方面的内容等。也有项目正在开展政策研究（制定建议），如传统中药材管理及利用的政策编目和分

析、竹林可持续性采伐认证等。

大自然保护协会 TNC

20


C.1.3.Biodiversity Legal and Policy Study

In 2007, ECBP funded a study by Tsinghua University’s Centre for Environmental, Natural Resources and

Energy Law to review the policy and legislative framework for biodiversity conservation in China. A peer review

workshop to discuss the report was held in April and let to a series of recommendations to improve the report.

Final recommendations include better linking the concepts of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use,

improving the scientific basis for policy and legislation, harmonizing provisions among related policies and laws

and specifying implementation mechanisms as part of policy and legislative development. A follow-up study was

commissioned to undertake a wider review of sectoral policies and legislation in key areas, such as agriculture,

land use and forestry, to assess the impact on biodiversity and make recommendations for priority actions for

ECBP, including the potential for developing a biodiversity framework law. International experience in developing

and implementing such framework legislation is part of the study.

One of the field projects headed by Beijing Normal University has as its main objective to analyze the

present governance structures and legal foundations for biodiversity integration in key sectors at local, provincial

and central level and the project will provide recommendations to central government level on improving the

organizational set up and the legal framework for biodiversity governance in China.

A number of regulations have been drafted at the local level with support from field projects. The Anqing

Wetland Resources Management Regulation, and national park management regulations for two protected areas

in NW Yunnan have been drafted. The Chongqing Municipal Regulations on Eco-Environmental Protection has

been revised to reflect the addition of and emphasis on biodiversity conservation. And also, some policy studies/

recommendations are underway, such as a policy inventory and analysis governing management and use of

traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and sustainable harvesting certification of bamboo forests.

解焱 Xie Yan


21

C.1.4.生物多样性信息与监测

中国政府正在积极制定《中国生物多样性战略与行动计划》，努力实现“减少生物多样性丧失速率”这一《生

物多样性公约》2010年目标。目前的根本性问题是缺乏及时精确的信息，无法准确可靠地衡量中国生物多样性状态

和趋势。包括政府机构、非政府组织、商业组织和学术团体在内的各种组织机构都在搜集生物多样性信息。然而，

信息的类型、信息的编排形式和检索信息的途径却是五花八门。而且在通常情况下，大众用户（如环评工作者）无

法获得符合他们需求的信息。因此，目前迫切需要更深刻地理解生物多样性信息，更好地了解需求，并将信息以恰

当的形式及时提供给需求者。

多数地方示范项目都在开展生物多样性信息与监测体系的制定和检验工作。四川省的地方示范项目已经完成

了多个生态系统快速评估，并且正在建设和检测一个生物多样性数据库，供环评工作者和相关部门使用。执行该地

方示范项目的合作方，环境工程评估中心，计划在未来将此数据库升级到国家层面，这是同类数据库中的第一个。

地方示范项目还开展了详细的编目和调研工作，例如调查内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟荒漠生态系统和呼伦贝尔盟草原生

态系统的生物多样性，为在这些地区进行生物多样性保护规划及区划打下基础。其他很多地方示范项目也进行了调

研，填补了生物多样性数据和信息的空白。

C.1.5汶川震区生物多样性影响应急研究

应中国政府的要求，中欧项目支持了“汶川地震生态环境影响评估”活动。评估使用了卫星图像和航拍照片，

并开展了野外调查，评估地震对天然植被以及包括大熊猫在内的动物种群造成的损害。评估就如何将生物多样性有

效纳入环境重建计划提出了建议，并为联合国开发计划署开发的一个旨在将生物多样性纳入重建计划的全球环境基

金中型项目提供了重要信息。

22


C.1.4.Biodiversity Information and Monitoring

As China develops its NBSAP and attempts to fulfill its obligations to meet the CBD 2010 target of reducing

the rate of biodiversity loss, a fundamental question pertains to the availability of timely and accurate information

to reliably measure the status and trends of biodiversity in China. A wide variety of organizations, including

government agencies, NGOs, business and academic institutions collect information on biodiversity. However,

types of information, how it is organized and the accessibility to this data are very variable. Often, information is

not available to public users, such as EIA practitioners in a form that is adapted to their needs. Thus there is a

critical need to better understand biodiversity information and needs and make available such information in a

useful form and in a timely manner.

Biodiversity information and monitoring systems are being developed and tested by most of the field projects.

Several rapid ecosystem assessments have been conducted and a database of biodiversity is being constructed

and tested specifically for the purposes of EIA in Sichuan province. This database will be available for use by

practitioners and relevant agencies. The Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineer (ACEE), the Cooperating

Agency of this project, plans to scale up this database to national level, first of its kind, in the future. A detailed

inventory and survey has been conducted to investigate the biodiversity in the desert ecosystem of Alashan

League and the grassland ecosystem in Hulunbeir of Inner Mongolia. These will serve as the basis for biodiversity

conservation planning and zoning in these areas. Many other field projects have also conducted surveys, filling in

gaps in existing biodiversity data and information.

C.1.5Emergency Study of Impact on Biodiversity in Earthquake-Affected Area

In response to a request by the Chinese Government, ECBP supported an emergency review of the impact

of the Wenchuan earthquake on biodiversity in the earthquake-affected area. The study used a combination

of satellite imagery, aerial photos and field surveys to assess the damage to natural vegetation and animal

communities, including the Giant Panda. The study made recommendations on how to best incorporate

biodiversity into environmental reconstruction plans. The study also served as a critical input into a new UNDP/

GEF Medium-Sized Project to ensure biodiversity integration as part of the reconstruction effort.


23

C.2.生物多样性纳入相关政策和立法，包括战略环评和环境影响评价

由于生物多样性分散在不同的政府机构中，而各机构均根据自身狭窄且多以生产为导向的责权制定政策法规，

中国的机构与政策框架通常不适合解决涉及范围广、领域交叉的问题，例如生物多样性保护。因此，必须把生物多

样性更好地纳入部门与经济发展过程，包括政策和立法。这就要求提高规划者的认识和能力，使其认识到生物多样

性的价值以及生物多样性在支撑社会经济发展发面发挥的重要性，而不是将生物多样性视为与主流发展活动无关的

内容。

24


C.2.Biodiversity mainstreamed into relevant policies and legislation, including SEA and EIA

Because biodiversity is dispersed among different government agencies and each agency develops

policies and legislation according to a narrowly-defined, usually production-based, mandate, the institutional and

policy framework in China is not well adapted to dealing with broad, cross-cutting issues such as biodiversity

conservation. There is a need, therefore, to better integrate biodiversity into the sectoral and economic

development process, including policy and legislative formulation. This requires increasing the awareness

and capacity of planners to understand the value of biodiversity and its importance in underpinning social and

economic development, rather than treating it as a specific sector unrelated to mainstream development activities.


25

C.2.1将生物多样性纳入环境影响评价和战略环评

将生物多样性纳入规划与政策过程的重要契机之一就是将其与包括战略环评、项目层面的环境影响评价在内的

环境评价相结合。目前战略环评和环境影响评价在中国是法定的义务，它们对制定国家和地方的规划以及项目决策

有很强的影响力。中国已经给战略环评立法，要求在制定如地方区域规划、行业规划等规划及选择项目时关注环境

问题。

在2007年支持了环境影响评价生态导则的制定工作后，中欧项目于2008年10月在重庆举办了“环境影响评价中

的生物多样性评估”培训班。来自全国大部分省市的160名环评工作者和中欧地方示范项目人员参加了培训班。培

训班为期三天，包括为环境影响评价制定生物多样性评估导则与程序等方面的讲座和讨论，以及一个对公路建设项

目的实地考察。一位国际专家介绍了最佳实践、国际经验和相关案例。培训班为地方示范项目人员安排了一个上午

和一个下午的时间，进行交流、讨论并汇报。还提出了今后促进交流和经验分享方面的行动建议。广西示范项目已

经针对石灰岩（喀斯特）生态系统制定了生物多样性评估导则草案。尽管这套导则是针对石灰岩生态系统设计的，

它也可以应用于更广泛的生物多样性评估，既可用于其他生态系统，也可用于省级层面。今后将以该导则为基础，

举办更大规模的研讨会，审议将该导则应用于更广泛受众的适应性。

中欧项目有一个地方示范项目，“中国西部的生物多样性保护与矿产资源开发规划和旅游规划的战略环评”，

特别涉及了生物多样性纳入矿产及旅游行业发展规划的战略环评的问题。另外几个地方示范项目也考虑了为不同生

境（如草原、湿地、石灰岩生态系统）和部门（土地整理项目）制定环境影响评价和战略环评导则的问题。这些项

目将通过以下几个方面补充国家“将生物多样性纳入环境影响评价和战略环评”工作：

● 侧重于生物多样性评估的数据需求、可获得性以及其他信息需求；

● 制定主要部门的技术导则以供国家使用；

● 加强环境影响评价和战略环评中的生物多样性评估能力，同时强化执行。

26


C.2.1Integrating biodiversity into EIA and SEA

One of the principal opportunities to mainstream biodiversity into planning and policy processes is through

the integration of biodiversity into Environmental Assessment, both Strategic Environmental Assessment

(SEA) and project-level Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Since both SEA and EIA are current statutory

obligations in China, they have strong potential to shape national and local planning and programme decisions.

China has enacted SEA legislation requiring environmental concerns be addressed in development of plans and

programmes, including local area-based plans and industry-specific sectoral plans.

Following earlier ECBP support to the elaboration of ecological guidelines for EIA in 2007, The Programme

held a joint workshop and training course on biodiversity assessment in EIA in Chongqing in October 2008. The

workshop was very well attended by 160 participants from most provinces in China and field project staff. Three

days were devoted to lectures and discussions on developing biodiversity assessment guidelines and procedures

for EIA and included a case study field trip of a proposed railway construction project. An international consultant

highlighted best practice and lessons learned from international experience, including case studies. One afternoon

and morning was devoted to information sharing and discussions among field projects, including a series of

presentations. Recommendations were made on future activities to promote exchange and experience sharing.

The Guangxi Field Project has already developed draft biodiversity assessment guidelines for limestone (karst)

ecosystems. These guidelines, although specifically designed for limestone ecosystems, actually have a wider

application for biodiversity assessment, both for other ecosystems and at a province-wide level. In the future, the

guidelines could form the basis of a larger workshop to review the applicability of these guidelines in to a wider

audience.

One ECBP Field Project “Biodiversity and SEA of Mining and Tourism Development in Western China”

deals specifically with the integration of biodiversity into SEA of mining and tourism development plans. Several

additional field projects also consider the development of EIA and SEA guidelines for different habitats (grasslands,

wetlands, karst limestone ecosystems) and sectors (land consolidation projects). These projects will complement

national initiatives to incorporate biodiversity into EIA and SEA by:

● Focusing on the data needs and availability and other information requirements for biodiversity

assessment

● Producing technical guidelines for key sectors that can be upscaled for national use

● Strengthening capacity for biodiversity assessment in EIA and SEA, as well as for improved enforcement


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C.2.2.将生物多样性纳入部门政策

“第十一个五年发展规划”（2006—2011年）的一个重要新特点就是将主体功能区划作为国家发展和改革委

员会主要的宏观规划工具。主体功能区划，就是在考虑资源环境承载能力、人口密度、不同经济部门的现有发展及

发展潜力、相关土地利用等因素的基础上，确定和建立四种类型的区域。这四类区域依照生态环境保护的重要性排

列，分别是优化开发区、重点开发区、限制开发区和禁止开发区。尽管生物多样性已经详尽纳入了不同区域的划分

标准，但是这套体系的实际应用，以及纳入生物多样性的细节还需要进一步分析。中欧项目针对上述问题开展了一

项研究，还特别在生物多样性重点地区进行了案例研究。研究报告初稿将于2009年初提交。此外，为矿产和旅游行

业战略环评制定生物多样性导则的地方示范项目也将主体功能区划的过程应用到矿产和旅游行业，重点检查四川省

矿产和旅游行业的开发区与包括自然保护区在内的生物多样性高度优先区域的重叠情况。该地方示范项目的研究结

论和建议将纳入四川省和全国的战略环评导则。2008年开始由国土资源部实施的地方示范项目，也在将生物多样性

纳入土地利用规划和土地整理项目，并在海南省和贵州省开展了省县两级的选点示范。该地方示范项目与国土资源

部开展的地方土地利用总体规划修订过程同期开始，这就有机会将地方示范项目成果纳入新土地利用总体规划的政

策和条例中。中欧项目同时还与国土资源部在中央层面上展开讨论，中央层面非常关注将生物多样性纳入土地利用

规划，这样就可以将自下而上的实践与自上而下的指导结合起来。2008年，中欧项目与联合国开发计划署—全球环

境基金保护农作物野生近缘种项目、由德国技术公司和世界粮农组织共同实施的中欧项目农业生物多样性保护示范

项目共同确定了一系列课题，研究重点农业法律与政策对生物多样性的影响，旨在将生物多样性更好地纳入这些法

律和政策。还有的地方示范项目正在建立可持续采收与认证体系，以推动长江中上游生物多样性丰富区内传统药用

植物资源的可持续经营管理与使用。

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C.2.2.Integrating biodiversity into sectoral policies

A major new feature of the Eleventh Five-Year Development Plan (2006-2011) is the concept of development

zoning as the principal macro-planning tool, under the National Development and Reform Commission. The

concept is based on the identification and establishment of four major zones, based on environmental resources

and carrying capacity, as well as population density, existing and potential development for different sectors

of the economy and related land use. The four zones are optimal, key, restricted and prohibited development

zones, in order of increasing importance for ecological and environmental conservation. While biodiversity is

explicitly incorporated into the criteria for the different zones, the actual application of this system on the ground,

and particularly integration of biodiversity needs further analysis. ECBP commissioned a study to examine this

issue and particularly review case studies in key biodiversity areas. A draft report is expected in early 2009.

In addition, a field project developing biodiversity guidelines for SEA in the mining and tourism sectors is also

including the development zoning process for these sectors, focusing on spatial overlap between designated

development zones for mining and tourism and high priority biodiversity areas, including nature reserves in

Sichuan. Findings and recommendations from the field project will be incorporated into the SEA guidelines, both

for Sichuan and nationally. Another field project with the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR), which began in

2008, will integrate biodiversity into land use planning and land consolidation projects with demonstration sites

at provincial and county level in Hainan and Guizhou provinces. The project coincides with the start of MLR’s

national process of revision of overall land use plans at the local level, providing an opportunity to integrate field

project outcomes into the policies and regulations of the new overall land use plan. ECBP is also in discussions

with the Ministry of Land and Resources at the national level, where interest is high in integrating biodiversity into

land use planning, thus providing an opportunity to link bottom-up efforts with top-down approaches. During 2008,

the Programme, working with the UNDP-GEF Protection of Wild Crop Relatives Project and ECBP Field projects

on Agrobiodiversity Conservation, led by GTZ and FAO, identified a series of studies to review the impact on

biodiversity of key agricultural laws and policies, with the goal of better integrating biodiversity into these laws and

policies. Another field project is setting up a sustainable harvesting and certificate system to promote sustainable

management and use of TCM resources in biodiversity-rich upper Yangtze mountainous forests.


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C.2.3.将生物多样性纳入政府官员政绩考核体系

在中国，对政府官员的政绩考核有一定的标准。尽管不同的地区，标准有一定程度的区别，但是考核标准基本

是以国内生产总值或经济效益为基础的。因此，官员总是过多关注经济发展，很少考虑保护问题，特别是在地方和

省级层面。一个地方示范项目正在建设一个创新体系，将“考虑生物多样性保护”作为官员政绩考核的一条标准。

在中欧项目安庆示范项目的支持下，安庆市政府公布了新的考核体系，要求安庆市所有相关机构或部门（如环境保

护、水利、渔业和林业部门）将湿地保护作为考核标准，从2008年起开始试点。这是安庆市第一次将湿地保护纳入

政府官员的政绩考核体系。另一个地方示范项目正在重庆建立类似的考核体系。广西壮族自治区也将开展同样的考

核体系建立工作。

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C.2.3.Integration of biodiversity into performance appraisal system for government officials

In China, the performance of governmental officials is assessed against certain criteria. Although the criteria

vary to some degree from place to place, they are mostly GDP- or income-based. Thus, much more attention is

usually paid to economic development than to conservation, particularly at local and provincial levels. One field

project is establishing an innovative system to assess government officials’ performance considering biodiversity

conservation as one of the criteria. With the support of ECBP Anqing field project, the municipal government has

issued such an appraisal system and requested relevant agencies/departments (i.e. environmental protection,

water resource, fishery, forestry) within Anqing Municipality to apply the wetland conservation criteria as a trial,

beginning in 2008. This is the first time in this municipality that wetland biodiversity is included in the official’s

appraisal system. A similar appraisal system is being developed by another project in Chongqing and will be also

be developed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.


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C.2.4.生物多样性和气候变化

生物多样性在提高重要生态系统应对当前及未来气候变化的恢复力方面具有重要作用，这已经得到了广泛的

认可。由于中国生态系统的退化，这类重要生态系统在气候变化的影响面前十分脆弱；生态系统退化还严重影响了

重要生态系统继续提供经济发展所依赖的重要生态服务的能力。与此同时，气候变化也会影响生物多样性，为了适

应变化的气候，物种分布和迁徙模式不得不改变。高度本地化的生态系统和种群将面临严重威胁。在这种情况下，

生物多样性和气候变化的关系越来越受到关注。继2007年在北京和内蒙古召开的会议，中欧项目又在2008年3月组

织了一次大型国际会议，讨论生物多样性和气候变化。会议由负责国家应对气候变化工作的国家发展和改革委员会

与负责《生物多样性公约》履约工作的环境保护部共同主办。参会人员来自全国各地，以及欧洲和北美，带来了各

自的经验。在会议上，环保部副部长承诺要制定生物多样性和气候变化战略与行动计划，指导中国在这一领域的行

动，增强《中国生物多样性战略与行动计划》和《中国应对气候变化国家方案》的协同效应。中欧项目支持了后续

研究，对中国在生物多样性和气候变化领域，过去已经开展的和现在正在开展的工作进行分析整理，同时引进欧盟

经验。研究报告初稿已经完成，并将作为环保部2009年制定《生物多样性与气候变化行动计划》的基础。

多个地方示范项目纳入了与气候变化有关的活动及途径。例如，泥炭地是世界上最重要的碳库之一。泥炭地生

态系统退化将对全球碳排放的增加产生严重影响。地方示范项目在中国西北部开展泥炭地可持续管理，以保护生物

多样性，减缓气候变化。其他的地方示范项目则通过保护天然林、草原和湿地等重要的生态系统来减缓气候变化。

在高海拔地区的项目将监测气候变化对脆弱的山地生境和近危动植物种群的影响。中欧项目将继续开展活动，帮助

地方示范项目建立气候变化与之的联系，并采取相应行动。

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C.2.4. Biodiversity and Climate Change

The importance of biodiversity in strengthening the resilience of critical ecosystems in the face of ongoing

and future climate change is widely recognized. Degradation of these ecosystems in China renders them more

vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and has significant repercussions for their ability to continue to

provide vital ecological services upon which much economic development depends. At the same time biodiversity

will also be affected by climate change as species distribution and migration patterns are forced to adapt. Highly

localized ecosystems and populations will be severely threatened. In this context, there is increasing attention

being paid to the relationship between biodiversity and climate change. Following on from meetings in Beijing and

Inner Mongolia in late 2007, ECBP organized a major international conference on the subject in March 2008, co-

hosted by National Development and Reform Commission, which houses the National Climate Change Office and

the Ministry of Environmental Protection, responsible for CBD implementation. The conference brought together

participants and experiences from all across China, as well as Europe and North America. During the conference,

the Vice Minister of MEP committed to develop a strategy and action plan on Biodiversity and Climate Change to

guide China’s activities in this area and enhance synergies between the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action

Plan and the National Climate Change Programme. ECBP supported a follow-up study to document past and

ongoing work in the area of biodiversity and climate change in China, which will also bring in EU experience. A

draft report has been prepared and will form the basis for development of the Biodiversity and Climate Change

Action Plan to be developed by MEP in 2009.

Several field projects include activities and approaches directly related to climate change. For example,

peatlands represent one of the most important carbon stores in the world. Degradation of these ecosystems

will have a significant impact on increasing carbon emissions worldwide. In China, one field project will promote

sustainable management of peatlands in the western and central part of the country to conserve biodiversity

as well as to mitigate climate change. Other projects will conserve natural forests, grasslands and wetlands,

all important ecosystems for climate change mitigation. Projects in high altitude zones will be able to monitor

the impacts of climate change on vulnerable upland habitats and threatened populations of animals and plants.

ECBP will further undertake activities to help field projects identify and address climate change linkages in their

programmes.


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C.2.5.生物多样性和生态系统的经济价值评估

生物多样性保护优先级别较低的一个原因就是对生物多样性在支持重要生态系统服务方面的价值认识不足，

而生态系统服务是社会经济发展的基础。“斯特恩报告”分析了不解决气候变化问题所造成的社会经济成本，产生

了重要的影响。欧盟随后又针对生物多样性和生态系统开展了相似的全球评估。中欧项目代表团在《生物多样性公

约》第九届缔约方大会上与负责此次全球评估的工作组进行了会谈，并与其确定了同中国的合作领域。2008年，中

欧项目开展了中国生物多样性的经济价值评估研究，将该领域所有已经公布的信息和正在开展的工作汇集起来，查

找空缺，并对今后的行动提出建议。研究报告初稿已于12月提交，报告终稿将于2009年初完成。

C.2.6.支持国合会生态系统服务与管理战略课题组

中国环境与发展国际合作委员会（国合会）是一个高级别、非营利性的国际咨询机构，由国内外致力于环境

和发展问题的领导及专家组成。国合会提供的政策建议对中国高层决策者非常具有影响力。中欧项目从2007年初开

始与国合会讨论支持国合会生态系统服务与管理战略课题组的相关事宜，主要强调生态系统服务的作用和重要性。

2008年，欧盟环境委员与环境保护部部长在中国签署协议，决定成立生态系统服务与管理战略课题组。6月，需求

研讨会召开，确定了课题组的目标和产出。中欧项目工作人员与国合会及其指定协调机构中国科学院的工作人员紧

密配合，起草了概念阐述和任务大纲，并推荐了课题组成员，成员包括国际专家和国内专家。12月，由国内外知名

专家组成的高质量课题组最终形成，并在北京召开了“国合会生态系统服务与管理战略课题组启动会议暨高层研讨

会”。会议取得了丰硕的成果，给为期两年的课题组制定了详细的任务大纲和工作计划。

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C.2.5Economic Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

One reason for the low priority accorded to biodiversity conservation is the lack of awareness of the value of

biodiversity in supporting critical ecosystem services that underpin social and economic development. Following

the influential impact of the Stern report that addresses the social and economic costs of not addressing climate

change, the EU commissioned a similar global review for biodiversity and ecosystems. The ECBP delegation

at CBD COP 9 met with the team undertaking this review and identified areas of cooperation with China. In

2008, ECBP commissioned a study of economic valuation of biodiversity in China, bringing together published

information and ongoing work in the area, to highlight gaps but also to make recommendations on future actions.

A draft report was received in December and will be finalized in early 2009.

C.2.6.Support to CCICED Task Force on Ecosystem Management and Services

The China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) is a high-

level, non-profit international advisory body, bringing together national and international leaders and experts

in environmental and development issues. It is very influential in making policy recommendations to high level

decision-makers in China. ECBP began discussions with CCICED in early 2007 to support a Task Force on

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, highlighting the role and importance of ecosystem services. In

2008, an agreement to support such a Task Force was signed in China between the EU Commissioner for the

Environment and the Minister of Environmental Protection of China. A scoping meeting was held in June to

better define the objectives and outputs of the Task Force. ECBP staff worked closely with CCICED and the

designated coordinating agency, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to develop a draft Concept Note and TOR

and recommend Task Force members, both from China and internationally. A high quality team of nationally and

internally recognized experts was assembled and met in December in Beijing for the Inception Meeting of the Task

Force. The Inception Meeting was very productive and a detailed TOR and workplan was produced for the two-

year Task Force.


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C.3.决策者和公众对生物多样性及其重要性的认识得到提高

C.3.1.继续开发并完善宣传教育工具

2008年，中欧项目出版了4期项目通讯，同时继续完善网站。公众可以从中欧项目的官方网站www.ecbp-test.

org/lang.html上下载双语通讯的电子版。在大幅度改版后，中欧项目的新网站在12月18日举行的“生物多样性之

夜”活动上正式启用。部分地方示范项目也建立了示范项目网站，或在已有网站上加入了项目信息。

C.3.2.制作电视纪录片

中欧项目正在制作一套10集的电视纪录片，每集片长30分钟，主要介绍生物多样性和中欧项目。纪录片的野外

拍摄工作已经完成，计划在2009年生物多样性日正式发布，在中国中央电视台与全国观众见面。影片导演预计，该

纪录片在中央电视台播放后，将会有三千三百万至五千五百万的观众收看。影片还将在20个地方电视台播放。在12

月18日的“生物多样性之夜”活动上，中欧项目播放了影片的预告片（节选自对湿地国际实施的地方示范项目的介

绍）。地方示范项目也为各自的项目活动拍摄了影片，制作了视频资料。

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C.3.Increased awareness of decision-makers and general public of biodiversity and its importance

C.3.1.Continuing Development of Awareness and Visibility Tools

Development of the ECBP newsletter (4 issues) and website has continued through 2008. Electronic versions

of both language editions of the newsletter can also be downloaded from the ECBP website www.ecbp-test.org/

lang.html. Following extensive revisions and development, this new website was officially announced during the

EU Biodiversity evening on December 18th. Several field projects have also set up websites and/or add field

project information to existing websites

C.3.2. Development of TV documentaries

ECBP has embarked on the production of a series of 10 thirty minute documentaries about biodiversity and

the ECBP programme. The field filming is complete and will be given nationwide airing on CCTV with a launch

planned for Biodiversity Day 2009. The director guarantees to have the programmes viewed on national TV with

an estimated audience of 33-55 million viewers in addition to showing on 20 local stations. A short trailer on the

series (taken from the footage of the Wetlands International field project) was shown during the EU Biodiversity

evening on December 18th. Field projects have also produced films and videos on their activities.


37

C.3.3.组织和参与生物多样性宣传活动

中欧项目支持并参与了多个生物多样性相关活动，并为活动设计、发布了标语、海报、展示台、宣传册和其他

宣传品。中欧项目有三十种以上可携带的易拉宝海报，提供了多种生物多样性信息，在需要的时候可以快速安装展

示。作为项目实施的一部分，地方示范项目也组织并参与了宣传活动。

主要活动包括：

C.3.3.1.《生物多样性公约》第九届缔约方大会相关活动

5月16—30日，《生物多样性公约》在德国波恩召开了第九届缔约方大会。这是2010年之前的最后一届缔约方

大会。所有的缔约方都已承诺，到2010年，要在全球范围内大幅度降低生物多样性丧失速率。中欧项目派代表团参

加大会在5月28—30日举行的高级别会议，并设置展台提升中欧项目的知名度，同时组织边会参与交流、教育和公

众意识（CEPA）环节，与其他参会的项目和人员共享信息，交流思想。

欧洲委员会环境总司司长索蕾达布兰科（Soledad Blanco）、中国环境保护部自然生态保护司司长万本太、联

合国开发计划署区域技术顾问尼克赛科汉（Nik Sekhran）出席了边会。环保部刘援与中欧项目首席技术顾问斯巴

克米灵顿（Spike Millington）在会上介绍了中欧项目取得的成果。

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C.3.3.Organization of and participation in biodiversity promotional events

ECBP supported and participated in a number of biodiversity events and designed and delivered banners,

posters, displays, brochures and other promotional items for these. ECBP has more than 30 portable, pull-

up posters delivering a variety of biodiversity messages that can be quickly displayed whenever needed. Field

projects have organized and participated in promotional events as part of their implementation.

Major events included:

C.3.3.1.CBD COP 9 Activities

The Convention on Biological Diversity held its Ninth Conference of the Parties (COP) from 16-30 May, 2008

in Bonn, Germany. It was the last COP before the 2010 date by which parties have committed to significantly

reduce rates of biodiversity loss worldwide. ECBP sent a delegation to attend the meeting during the High-Level

segment from May 28-30th, and specifically to raise awareness of ECBP through the setting up of an information

booth, the organization of an ECBP side-event, participation in a Communications, Education and Public

Awareness (CEPA) session and exchange of information and ideas with other participants and initiatives at the

meeting.

The Side Event was introduced by Soledad Blanco, Director of the DG Environment of the European

Commission, Wan Bentai, DG of Ecology and Nature Conservation of the Chinese Ministry of Environmental

Protection (MEP) and Nik Sekhran, Regional Technical Advisor of UNDP. Additional presentations were made

by Liu Yuan, of MEP and Spike Millington, ECBP Chief Technical Advisor to highlight achievements of the

Programme.


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C.3.3.2.“欧盟气候变化展览”

中欧项目协助欧盟驻华代表团举办了气候变化巡回展览，并提供了照片资料。展览的一部分专门介绍了中欧项

目，还有一部分介绍了生物多样性问题。中欧项目还制作了一个关于生物多样性和气候变化的短片在展览上播放。

欧盟主席若泽曼努埃尔巴罗佐（Jose Manuel Barroso）在启动仪式协办方中国人民对外友好协会和中国欧

盟协会的总部启动了气候变化展。

欧盟气候变化展览既是在中国提高对气候变化认识的系列活动之一，又是《中国应对气候变化国家方案》

（2007年）和中国—欧盟气候变化伙伴关系提出的目标之一。启动仪式以后，展览将在中国进行巡回展出，向公众

宣传气候变化，帮助公众更好地了解气候变化问题，促使公众思考个人如何为减缓气候变化做出贡献。

欧盟环境委员迪马斯也参观了展览，并在展览开幕当天与环保部部长进行了会谈，确定了中欧环境领域合作的

三个优先领域，即，生物多样性和气候变化，生物多样性的经济价值评估，以及在战略环境评价（战略环评）中纳

入生物多样性。

40


C.3.3.2.EU Exhibition on Climate Change

ECBP provided assistance and photographs to the EU delegation in Beijing in assembling a roving exhibition

on the issue of climate change. One panel of the exhibition focuses specifically on ECBP whilst another focuses

on biodiversity issues. A short film on Climate Change and Biodiversity made by ECBP forms part of the exhibit.

European Commission President, Jose Manuel Barroso, launched the exhibition at the headquarters of

the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the China-EU Association, who co-

sponsored the inauguration.

The EU Exhibition on Climate Change is part of a campaign to raise awareness about climate change in

China, one of the aims of the Chinese National Climate Change Programme (of 2007) and of the EU-China

Climate Change Partnership. Following the opening, the exhibition will travel around China, informing people

about climate change, helping them to understand better the issues and allowing them to make informed decisions

about how they can individually contribute to mitigating climate change.

The Climate Change exhibit was also visited by EU Environment Commissioner Dimas who had meetings the

same day with the Minister of Environmental Protection and agreed on three priorities for EU China cooperation in

the environmental sector namely biodiversity and climate change, economic valuation of biodiversity and inclusion

of biodiversity in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).


41

C.3.3.3.绿色奥运

中欧项目受北京奥运会青年营主办方的邀请，为奥运青年营活动准备与“绿色”环境相关的活动内容。中欧项

目制作了《“绿色”的北京 “绿色”的青少年》宣传手册分发给参加青年营活动的七百名青年，其中包括来自204

个国家的408名青年。中欧项目还为青年营论坛和青年营环境研讨会组织了系列讲座。

青年营主办方在青年营活动场地周围放置了中欧项目宣传画，并在露天剧场播放了中欧项目制作的影片《拯救

中国的生物多样性》。中欧项目启动了“北京的绿色种子”行动，408名青年将在回国后继续传播在北京学习到的

“绿色”理念。同时，中欧项目也在积极联系2012年伦敦奥运会组委会，希望邀请这些“发芽”的绿色种子在伦敦

的青年营汇报他们的绿色行动，继续发扬北京奥运会的“绿色”精神。

与此同时，中欧项目与美国大自然保护协会于奥运会期间在北京动物园共同举办的大型系列展览将继续接待

公众。动物园园长还邀请中欧项目在动物园的其他地方继续布置教育展览。中欧项目设计制作了名为《动物教会我

们什么》的大型系列海报放置在动物园内。目前，中欧项目正在制作另外两套展示材料，继续开展这一公众教育活

动。

C.3.3.4.“欧盟生物多样性之夜”

约100位来自欧盟大使馆、国际机构、非政府组织、政府部门和媒体的来宾参加了12月18日晚在欧盟大使馆举

行的“生物多样性之夜”活动。活动包括发布由中欧项目马敬能、王海滨联合完成的新书《绿色中国》；发布中欧

项目新网站；以及放映5分钟预告片，介绍中欧项目制作的系列电视纪录片。赛日安博大使主持了当晚的活动。

在随后的几天内，媒体对该活动给予了大量积极的报道。

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C.3.3.3.Green Olympics

ECBP was invited by the organizers of the Olympics Youth Camp to provide the ‘green’ environment content

in the Youth Camp activities. A booklet entitled ‘Green Youth for Biodiversity’ was produced and distributed to 700

young people including 408 from the 204 countries attending the camp. ECBP organized a series of talks and

presentations at the Youth Camp Forum and Youth camp environment seminar.

The Youth Camp organizers encouraged the display of ECBP posters throughout the camp and showed the

ECBP film ‘Saving China’s Biodiversity’ on the large outdoor video screen. ECBP launched the ‘Green Seeds of

Beijing’ initiative under which the 408 youths returning to their own countries will promote and extend the ‘green’

ideals they have learned in Beijing. Meanwhile ECBP is in touch with organizers for the 2012 London Olympics

to invite those seeds that have “sprouted” to come to London to report on their green activities as a legacy of the

Beijing Olympics.

Meanwhile, a series of enormous displays erected jointly by ECBP and TNC in Beijing Zoo in time for the

Olympics continue to be on display and the director of the zoo has asked ECBP to continue to develop awareness

displays in other parts of the zoo. The series of large posters entitled ‘Animals teach us to be Human’ was

designed and displayed and two more sets of displays are currently being designed to continue this educational

programme.

C.3.3.4.EU Biodiversity evening

More than 100 guests comprising invitees from other EU embassies, international agencies, NGOs,

government departments and media enjoyed a splendid biodiversity evening in the EU Embassy in Beijing on

18th December. The event involved the launch of the book ‘The Green Gold of China’ written by John MacKinnon

and Wang Haibin of ECBP, the launch of the new ECBP website and the screening of a 5 minute introduction to

the forthcoming TV documentary series being completed by ECBP. Ambassador Serge Abou was on hand as

presiding host for the event which generated a great deal of positive news in the media over the next few days.


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C.3.4.出版物

中欧项目共出版了两部精装画册。第一部名为《绿色中国》，收录了420幅照片，并在书中强调了中国生物多

样性的价值。第二部书与美国大自然保护协会合作出版，甄选了“自然中国、和谐家园——我眼中的自然保护区”

摄影比赛的200幅获奖作品，并进行了简短的评介。

第二部书《自然中国》以影集的方式展示了中国的生物多样性，第一部书《绿色中国》则展示了中国生物多样

性的神奇面貌，说明了中国的生物多样性对国家社会经济发展的重要性，分析了生物多样性保护中面临的一些威胁

和问题，同时介绍了一些保护项目。《绿色中国》将作为意识提高和交流工具，赠送给各省官员、图书馆、学校和

具有影响力的决策者。

C.3.5.教育项目

C.3.5.1.学校课程

中欧项目在北京奋斗小学组织了十节生物多样性保护课程的教学，计划为中小学教师推出一套手册（或工具

书），介绍生物多样性保护的概念，以及学生在日常生活中可以实践的绿色行为。该教育项目将出版学生和教师工

具书，以便将生物多样性教学实践推广到其他学校。工具书有纸质和电子版两种形式。

C.3.5.2.大学生辩论赛

2007年，中欧项目在北京举行了大学生辩论赛。2008年，中欧项目在全国所有省市开展了当地代表物种遴选

活动，将大学生辩论赛推广到了多个省市。中欧项目组织了一系列的活动、演讲、在线投票和正规辩论赛。约有

三十五万人参与了投票，23个支持机构也在11个省市和自治区组织了系列宣传活动。其后，在8个省级高校举行了

辩论赛淘汰赛，辩论赛决赛将在2009。

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C.3.4. Publications

Two premium books were produced. The first entitled ‘China’s Green Gold’ consists of 420 photos and an

informative text emphasizing the value of China’s biodiversity. The second book co-produced with TNC publishes

the winning 200 photos of the competition ‘Nature through the Viewfinder’ and adds a short text.

Whilst the latter title is primarily a photo collection illustrating China’s biodiversity, the former exhibits the

wonders of China’s Biodiversity, explaining its importance for the socio-economic development of the country and

discussing some of the threats, programmes and issues involved in its conservation. The book will serve as an

awareness and communication tool among provincial officials, libraries, schools, and influential decision makers.

C.3.5. Education programme

C.3.5.1.School curricula

By teaching a series of ten biodiversity conservation classes at Beijing Fendou Primary School, ECBP aims

to deliver a handbook/tool for primary and middle school teachers to introduce conservation concepts and green

behavior in students’ daily lives. The programme will result in a students and teachers toolkit for expansion of the

teaching to other schools, in both hard copy and e-version formats.

C.3.5.2.Student Debate

The student debate started in 2007 in Beijing was replicated in 2008 in many provinces through organizing

a project to identify representative mascot species for all provinces and municipalities of China. This involved a

series of events, presentation and voting on-line and in formal debates. About 350,000 people voted and various

promotion activities were organized by 23 supporting units in 11 provinces, municipalities and autonomous

regions. This is being followed up by a series of debates in 8 provincial universities leading through knock-out

rounds with finals to be completed in Beijing in early 2009.


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C.3.6.地方示范项目支持活动

很多实施地方示范项目的机构，如从事保护活动的国际非政府组织等，在开展生物多样性教育和组织意识提高

活动等方面经验丰富，能够充分运用这些经验实现项目目标。有些实施地方示范项目的机构，如当地政府，在宣传

教育领域经验不足，中欧项目继续支持地方示范项目进行能力建设，促使他们能够独立发布新闻、组织宣传教育活

动。为达到这一目的，中欧项目与国际传媒机构英特新闻（INTERNEWS）合作，于11月在成都举办了为期4天的培

训班。22位地方示范项目人员参加了培训，学习如何制定、发布媒体战略与图片文件。培训班还介绍了中欧项目的

《宣传与教育指南》。同时还邀请了五位专业媒体人员，以此建立起一个双向的学习过程。培训班取得了圆满的

成功。参与培训的学员给与培训班极高的评价，并在培训结束后发表了大量的新闻稿件，制定了本示范项目的媒

体战略。

46


C.3.6.Field Project Support Activities

Many field projects are implemented by organizations, such as international conservation NGOs that are

very experienced in biodiversity education and awareness activities and they have used this experience to further

field project goals. Other field projects, such as implemented by local Government organizations are less skilled

in this area and ECBP has continued to support capacity development of field projects to generate their own

news, awareness and visibility. To this end the programme organized a 4-day training workshop in Chengdu in

November with the cooperation of Internews, an international media organization. Training was delivered to 22

field project staff in development and delivery of communication strategies, photo-documentation and introduction

to the ECBP visibility guidelines. This was combined with the participation of 5 professional media staff so that a

two-way learning process was established. The meeting was a great success and attendees gave the workshop

very high praise and immediately responded with a flood of news articles about their projects and revamping of

their own communications strategies.


47

C.4.通过在中国中部、南部和西部开展的地方示范项目，提高省级和地方两个层面生物多样性保护的能力

2008年，经过详细的讨论和协商，所有18个地方示范项目全部完成了签约，并开始实施，这是一个巨大的成

果。为了更好地说明地方示范项目与中欧项目其他活动之间的联系，前文已经分别记述了地方示范项目在2008年取

得的进展。附录一详细描述了在《成果和资源框架》确定的六个主题下，每个地方示范项目取得的进展。附录二是

地方示范项目地区分布图。

18个地方示范项目的重点如下：

将生物多样性内容纳入战略环境评价中，并在四川省试验的基础上，提出将生物多样性纳入旅游与矿产行业的

国家导则；

加强西藏自治区拉萨市环保局的规划及实施能力，该地区生物多样性独特但正在受到日益严重的威胁；

在中国竹林资源丰富的湖南省、云南省和四川省制定竹林可持续经营方案，将经济利用与生计改善和生物多样

性保护相结合；

在广西壮族自治区制定石灰岩地区森林可持续经营方案，将生物多样性保护和生计改善相结合；

在滇西北地区摸索并创建一套新的保护地模式，以促进生物多样性保护与社会经济发展的平衡。滇西北地区具

有独特的生物多样性和丰富的民族多样性；

在安徽省安庆市长江下游地区开发湿地管理的新方法；

制定西藏羌塘地区的景观管理总体规划，该地区是全球最重要的生物多样性热点地区之一；

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C.4.Increased capacity for biodiversity conservation at provincial and local level through partnership field

projects in central, southern and western China

After detailed discussion and negotiation, all eighteen field projects were signed and operational in 2008,

a considerable achievement. Results from these projects in 2008 are included in the narrative above, to better

demonstrate linkages to other ECBP activities. Annex 1 indicates the progress of individual field projects in each

of the six thematic areas identified in the RRF. Annex 2 shows a map of field project locations.

The 18 projects focus on:

Integration of biodiversity considerations into Strategic Environmental Assessments and will, based on

provincial testing in Sichuan, provide national guidelines for integrating biodiversity into the tourism and mining

sectors

Strengthening planning and implementation capacities of new environmental authorities in Lhasa

Municipality, Tibet, which is home to a unique but increasingly threatened biodiversity

Development of sustainable bamboo forest management, integrating economic utilization with livelihood

development and biodiversity conservation in China’s bamboo rich provinces of Hunan, Yunnan and Sichuan

Development of sustainable limestone forest management integrating biodiversity conservation and livelihood

development in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Testing and development of a new category of Protected Area that attempts to balance conservation and

socio-economic development in NW Yunnan, an area supporting unique biodiversity and rich ethnic diversity

Development of new approaches to wetland management in Anqing in Anhui Province which form part of the

Lower Yangtze River Basin

Development of an overall landscape management plan for one of the most important biodiversity hotspots

of the world, the Chang Tang Region of Tibet


49

在新疆、四川和甘肃等地，为中国最重要的泥炭地制定实用管理措施；

在中国南方山区进行农业生物多样性可持续管理的探索和示范；

在四川省和青海省的生物多样性重点地区，对社区保护及保护行动可持续融资机制进行探索和示范；

长江中上游生物多样性丰富区内传统药用植物的可持续经营管理；

将生物多样性保护纳入河南省淮河源地区的政府规划和当地各项活动中；

通过与邻国、当地政府和基层社区的合作，改善内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔草原的生物多样性保护状况；

将生物多样性保护措施纳入重庆市社会经济发展总体规划和政策过程；

开发可以推广的农业生物多样性社区管理模式，并在云南、四川和新疆等地的六个不同生态条件地区进行

检验；

协助内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟政府制定生物多样性保护与行动计划总体框架，并为居住在重要而脆弱的旱地地区

的居民示范可持续的替代生计；

在新疆维吾尔自治区开展生物多样性管理的案例研究，总结并提出强化中央政策与地方政策之间联系的方法；

支持国土资源部在海南、贵州两省开发可将生物多样性因素纳入国家和地方土地利用规划管理的模式与实

用工具。

解焱 Xie Yan

50


Development of practical management measures for some of China largest and most important peat lands in

Xinjiang, Sichuan and Gansu Province.

Development and demonstration of sustainable agro-biodiversity management in mountain areas of Southern

China

Development and demonstration of community-based conservation and creation of sustainable financing

mechanisms for conservation in critical biodiversity areas of Sichuan and Qinghai

Sustainable management and utilization of traditional medicinal plants in high-biodiversity landscapes of the

Upper Yangtze Ecoregion

Integration of biodiversity conservation into government planning and local activities in the headwaters of

Huaihe River Basin of Henan

Improving grassland biodiversity conservation in the Hulunbeir grasslands of Inner Mongolia by working with

the neighbouring countries, the local government and local communities

integration of biodiversity conservation measures into Chongqing municipality’s overall socio-economic

development planning and policy processes

Development of a replicable model for a community-based management of agricultural biodiversity, and

testing the model’s robustness in six ecologically diverse sites in Yunnan, Sichuan and Xinjiang

support the Alashan government in Inner Mongolia to develop an overall biodiversity conservation and action

planning framework and to demonstrate sustainable livelihood development alternatives for local communities in

critical but fragile dryland areas

Use case studies of biodiversity governance in Xinjiang province to investigate and propose strengthened

linkages between local and national policies

support the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources to develop models and practical tools for integration of

biodiversity considerations into national and local land use planning management in Hainan and Guizhou


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虽然环境保护已经提升到了部级层面，将生物多样性纳入中央和地方的规划与政策过程仍然是一个巨大的挑

战。尽管环境保护部有明确的职责，即通过《生物多样性公约》履约办公室协调生物多样性保护工作，其他的部门

还是能够以更直接的方式主动影响生物多样性。对24个成员单位组成的《生物多样性公约》履约协调组的强化建设

工作还在继续开展，但是履约协调组作为协调单位的有效性仍然十分有限。中欧项目尝试了多种方法促进协调，推

动纳入生物多样性方面的工作，包括与农业部、国土资源部等重要部委在中央政策层面和通过地方示范项目开展合

作。此类合作可以成为新政策和规划过程的试验场，新政策与规划过程首先在地方层面试验，再最终纳入中央层面

的过程。

中欧项目需要对新的合作机会保持灵活性，同时积极寻找途径影响决策过程。项目在生物多样性和气候变化方

面的活动说明，生物多样性已经在较早阶段就列入中国气候变化日程，并且加强了项目与国家发改委、重要气候变

化专家之间的联系。正在进行的针对气候变化的国际协商中，对避免毁林的关注日益增加。鉴于其与生物多样性保

护的紧密联系，中欧项目应抓住这次机遇，这是非常重要的。联合国开发计划署、欧盟和环保部可以作为该项目的

合作伙伴。组建国合会生态系统服务与管理战略课题组同样非常重要，因为国合会直接向国务院提交政策建议，历

史上很多影响中国生物多样性的重要政策就是来自国合会的建议，例如1998年特大洪涝灾害后制定的禁伐令。

D.挑战与经验

52


Despite the elevation of Environmental Protection to the status of ministry level, the integration of biodiversity

into planning and policy processes at national and local level remains a key challenge. Although MEP has a

clearly-mandated coordination role for biodiversity conservation through the implementation office of CBD, other

agencies have a more direct and active role that affects biodiversity conservation in an immediate way. While

efforts to strengthen the 24-member CBD Steering Committee continue, it’s effectiveness as a coordinating body

remains limited. ECBP has pursued different avenues to improve collaboration and biodiversity integration.

These include cooperation with key ministries, such as Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Land and Resources,

both at national policy level and through field projects. This kind of cooperation can provide a test-bed for new

policy and planning processes that can be tried out at the field level, with a view to eventual integration into

national processes.

ECBP needs to remain flexible and opportunistic to new opportunities for cooperation while at the same

time actively seeking avenues to influence decision-making processes. The Programme’s activities in biodiversity

and climate change has meant that biodiversity is on China’s climate change agenda at an early stage and has

strengthened linkages to NDRC and leading climate change experts. The ongoing international negotiations on

climate change have been marked by an increased focus of avoided deforestation and it is important that ECBP

pursue this opportunity given the strong linkage with biodiversity conservation. UNDP, EU and MEP can be key

partners in this exercise. The establishment of the CCICED Task Force on Ecosystem Management and Services

is also significant since CCICED provides policy recommendations to the State Council, which historically have

led to some important policy initiatives affecting biodiversity in China, such as a logging ban after serious flooding

in 1998.

D.Challenges and Lessons Learned


53

有的地方示范项目受到了年初中国南方雪灾的不利影响，有的受到了3月份西藏事件的影响，还有的受到了5月

份四川地震的影响。这些事件都直接或间接阻碍或延缓了地方示范项目的实施。例如，因为无法进入项目示范区，

所以不能开展野外调查；因为国家安全原因，或者抗震救灾的人员调动，也不能进行实地考察。由于中国政府禁止

外国人进入特定省份和区域，部分地方示范项目邀请外国专家的工作也被搁置了。在地方示范项目管理部门COSU

的指导和协助下，此类地方示范项目对工作计划和项目活动做出了相应的调整，以便在最大程度上减少这些事件对

于项目实施的影响。

为了系统跟踪项目成效和成果产出，中欧项目建立了地方示范项目监测框架。在这个框架下，中欧项目制定

了地方示范项目季度报告、半年进展报告和财务报告，开展了年度监测考察，并为地方示范项目安排了独立审计。

但是由于地方示范项目数量众多、分布地域广泛、项目特点繁杂、中欧项目工作人员相对不足等原因，监测和检验

每个地方示范项目的全部成果是很大的挑战。作为改善监测的措施，中欧项目从2008年起开始进行年度监测考察，

前往每个地方示范项目的项目区域，检查正在进行的工作和已经取得的成果，获得第一手信息。迄今已经完成了6

个地方示范项目的监测考察。中欧项目同时要求地方示范项目建立各自的监测体系，并与中欧项目监测体系挂钩。

2009年，对地方示范项目产出的监测和检验工作将进一步加强。

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Some field projects have experienced negative impacts of snow-ice havoc early this year in Southern China

and some others were impacted by the civil unrest in Tibet in March and the earthquake in central China in May.

Such impacts have hindered or delayed the implementation of the affected field projects either directly or indirectly.

For example, field surveys couldn’t be conducted due to in-access to the project sited and study-tours couldn’t

be carried out due to national security reasons or shift of personnel to earthquake relief. In some field projects

involvement of the international experts has also been hindered due to prohibition by the Chinese authorities

against foreigners visiting certain provinces and regions. With guidance and assistance from COSU, such field

projects adjusted workplans and some activities accordingly in order to minimize impacts of these events on the

project implementation.

In order to systematically keep track of projects performance and results delivery, ECBP has established a

Field Project Monitoring Framework. Under this framework ECBP processes quarterly and bi-annual progress

and financial reporting from the projects, undertake annual monitoring visits and prepares and arranges for an

independent financial audit of the field projects. However, it remains challenge to monitor and verify the results of

each field project due to the high number of projects, the large geographical area, wide range of project features

and relative shortage of ECBP staff. As one of the measures to improve monitoring, we started to undertake

annual monitoring site visits to field projects to get the first hand information on what is doing and what has

been achieved on the ground from 2008, and six monitoring visits were made so far. And also, we initiated the

process to request the field projects to develop their own monitoring systems to link to ECBP’s monitoring system.

Monitoring and verification of project deliveries will be further enhanced in 2009.


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中欧项目将在2009年初进行中期评估。中期评估将使各利益相关方能够及时回顾项目进展，发现并解决重要

问题，提出建议提升中欧项目实施效果。这一过程中的重点，就是决定项目是否应该在不增加预算的基础上延期，

项目延长期内的资金主要来源于汇率变动带来的收益，以及由于一个地方示范项目在协商期内退出而剩余的预算部

分。目前，中欧项目的截止日期是2010年初，因此2009年的工作计划相当宏大。在项目剩余时间内，将重点着眼于

把地方示范项目成果纳入地方和中央两级的政策、规划和宣传过程，以及提升中欧项目成果的可持续性。这就要求

中欧项目的各个组成部门紧密协调合作。

E.2009年工作展望


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ECBP will undergo a mid-term evaluation in early 2009. This exercise will provide a timely opportunity

for stakeholders to review progress, identify and address key issues and develop proposals for improving

ECBP performance and effectiveness. Key to this process will be a decision on whether to recommend a no-

cost extension to the Programme, to be financed by exchange rate cost savings and the withdrawal of one

field project at the negotiation stage. Currently, ECBP will end in early 2010, so the annual workplan for 2009

is quite ambitious. Particular attention will be paid in remaining years to integration of field project results and

achievements into policy, planning and communication processes at both local and national levels, as well as

promoting the sustainability of ECBP results. This will require building on the close coordination and cooperation

among different elements and components of the Programme.

E.Outlook for 2009


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2009年的重点活动包括：

支持完成《中国生物多样性战略与行动计划》的定稿工作，包括召开国际研讨会审议《战略行动计划》草案，

共同修改草案，以及开展宣传工作，推广作为中国生物多样性保护投入战略框架的《战略行动计划》；

完成省级和地方《生物多样性战略与行动计划》的定稿工作，如重庆、广西和呼伦贝尔等地的《生物多样性战

略与行动计划》等；

由环保部牵头、国家发改委支持，起草《生物多样性和气候变化国家战略与行动计划》，该《国家战略与行动

计划》以中欧项目此前的研究、会议、研讨会成果为基础，旨在制定战略路线图，确保生物多样性对气候变化的影

响及气候变化减缓行动得到重视，确保生物多样性在缓冲气候变化影响方面的重要性得到认可并成为行动的基础；

开展国家生物多样性信息服务项目，通过简单易行的方式收集、共享和传播生物多样性信息；

通过国合会生态系统服务与管理战略课题组确定一系列基础情景，展示通过生态系统管理得到改善的服务所提

供的经济价值；

宣传活动，包括完成介绍地方示范项目活动的纪录片，为中央党校提供教材以影响未来的领导人，以及加强媒

体网络；

继续实施并加强对地方示范项目的监测，特别是产出层面的监测；中欧项目的中央政策部分和宣传教育部分，

以及所有的地方示范项目，都将参与监测活动，以便地方示范项目更好地与中央政策结合；

通过共享经验、参加研讨会、交流项目成果与挑战等方式，进一步加强地方示范项目合作伙伴网络；

确定并分析地方示范项目取得的经验、教训和开展的最佳实践，以便下一步的宣传和推广。中欧项目将召开多

个联合研讨会，邀请中央政策代表和地方示范项目人员共同参与，交流地方示范项目取得的经验和获得的教训。


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Key activities planned for 2009 include:

Support to finalization of the China National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, including an international

workshop to review the draft NBSAP, joint working sessions to finalize the draft, and dissemination and awareness

raising of the NBSAP as a strategic framework for investment in biodiversity conservation in China

Finalization of BSAPs at provincial and local level such as in Chongqing, Guangxi and Hulunbeir.

A draft National Strategy and Action Plan for Integrating Biodiversity and Climate Change led by MEP and

supported by NDRC, that builds upon earlier ECBP-supported studies, conferences and workshops to provide

a strategic roadmap to make sure that biodiversity impacts of climate change and climate change mitigation

activities are taken into account and that the importance of biodiversity to buffering climate change impacts is

recognized and acted upon

A National Biodiversity Information Service that allows biodiversity information to be collected, shared and

disseminated in a user-friendly fashion;

Through the CCICED Task Force on Ecosystem Management and Services, production of a set of

preliminary scenarios demonstrating the economic value of managing ecosystems for improved service delivery;

Communications activities will include the completion of film documentaries highlighting field project activities,

distribution of educational materials via CPC Administration Schools to influence future leaders, and strengthening

the media network

Continued and enhanced monitoring of field projects, particularly at the output level, will be conducted

with involvement of all field projects and the policy and awareness activities of ECBP in order to better link field

projects to central policies.

Further strengthening network of field project partners through sharing of experiences and participation in

joint workshops and communication of project achievements and challenges.

Identification and analyses of lessons learned and best practices among field projects for subsequent

dissemination and replication. Several joint workshops with participation of central policy representatives and field

projects will be held to share experience achieved and lessons learned from field projects.

中国.欧盟生物多样性项目

EU-China Biodiversity Programme

地址：北京市西城区后英房胡同环保部环境保护对外合作中心501-504室邮编：100035

Add：Rm.501-504 Foreign Economic Cooperation Office Plaza Ministry of Environmental Protection,Houyingfang Hutong, Xicheng District,Beijing,100035, China

传真：(8610) 82200541Fax：(8610) 82200541

邮箱：[email protected]：[email protected]

网址：http://www.ecpb.cnWebsite：http://www.ecbp.cn

ecbp 2008 annual report

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