edora: european development opportunities for rural areas national conference territorial european...
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EDORA:European Development Opportunities
for Rural Areas
National ConferenceTerritorial European Research in Support of Public Policies Formulation
Bucharest, 25th November 2010Romanian Academy
Petri Kahila Nordregio, Stockholm
Andrew Copus Centre for Remote and Rural Studies
The EDORA Project Objectives
…to describe the main processes of change which are resulting in the increasing differentiation of rural areas.
…to identify development opportunities and constraints for different kinds of rural areas…
…to consider how such knowledge can be translated into guiding principles to support the development of appropriate cohesion policy.
“Stylised Fallacies” as a Starting Point• General rural policy debate adopt persistent
presumptions of ‘rural England’• Debate also conducted with implicit generalisations We characterise these unjustified generalisations as
‘stylised fallacies’(Hodge 2004)
• Some stylised fallacies– Rural = Agrarian
– Rural labour markets dominated by poor human capital, low activity rates, unemployment…
– Rural areas are not good environments for entrepreneurship and innovation…
– The impacts of globalisation are predominantly negative in rural areas…
• Key question: Are these assumptions behind rural policy?
The EDORA Project
Review of the Literature:- Rural Demography- Rural Employment- Rural Business Development- R-U Relationships- Cultural Heritage- Access to Services- Institutional Capacity- Farm Structural Change
Exemplar Regions
Cohesion PolicyImplications and Potential forTerritorialCooperation
Storylines
Database
ProposedIndicators
VariablesandIndicators
Future Perspectives
S1 S3
S4S2
Key Future Drivers(Exogenous)
Country Profiles
Structural Types (Intermediate and Predominantly Rural Areas only):
-------------------------------------------------------Agrarian
...…………………………………………..Consumption Countryside
……...……………………………………..Diversified (Strong Secondary Sector)
…….....…………………………………...Diversified (Strong Market Services)
D-P Typology:IA, IR, PRA, PRR
AccumulatingAbove Average
Below Average
Depleting
Accumulation - Depletion
EDORA Cube
Storylines
Typologies
Narratives
Empirical Examples
Storylines,Narratives
Implications
EmpiricalGeneralisations
Typologies
Agri-centric
Urban-Rural
Global-isation.
Meta-Narratives
Connexity
Conceptual Empirical Policy
Scenarios
Meta-Narratives
• Meta-Narratives:– Help us to understand the way in which different facets of
rural change interact.– Help us to systematically describe change in individual rural
areas.– Should take account of both current changes and look ahead
to likely future developments.
• But they are not:– Discrete regional development paths.– Associated in a one-to-one way with different kinds of rural
areas.
Why produce a Typology?
• To review explanatory potential of the Dijkstra-Poelman version of the OECD typology.
• Explore potential to elaborate it; add (structure and performance) aspects to U-R dimension.
• Elaborated typology should then serve as a framework for analysis of recent trends, consideration of future perspectives, and policy implications.
• To correct/replace “Stylised Fallacies” (Hodge 2004) about rural areas as background to rural/regional policy debate.
• To provide a means of “benchmarking” for regional and national policymakers.
The EDORA Cube
• Not solely a typology but more of a three-dimensional framework for analysis, rather than a one-dimensional classification.
The three dimensions are:• Urban-Rural
(remote/accessible)• Economic structure
(diversification). • Accumulation –
Depletion(performance).
Structural Types (Intermediate and Predominantly Rural Areas only):
-------------------------------------------------------Agrarian
...…………………………………………..Consumption Countryside
……...……………………………………..Diversified (Strong Secondary Sector)
…….....…………………………………...Diversified (Strong Market Services)
D-P Typology:IA, IR, PRA, PRR
AccumulatingAbove Average
Below AverageDepleting
Accumulation - Depletion
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Acores
Guyane
Madeira
Réunion
Canarias
MartiniqueGuadeloupe
Zagreb
Valletta
Budapest
Bratislava
Roma
Riga
Oslo
Bern
Wien
Kyiv
Vaduz
Paris
Praha
Minsk
Tounis
Lisboa
Skopje Ankara
MadridTirana
Sofiya
London
Berlin
Dublin
Athinai
Tallinn
Nicosia
Beograd
Vilnius
Kishinev
Sarajevo
Helsinki
Warszawa
Podgorica
El-Jazair
Ljubljana
Stockholm
Reykjavik
København
Bucuresti
Amsterdam
Luxembourg
Bruxelles/Brussel
Structural Types (Intermediate andPredominantly Rural NUTS 3 Regions)
No Data
PU Regions
Agrarian
Consumption Countryside
Diversified (Strong Secondary Sector)
Diversified (Strong Private Services Sector)
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Acores
Guyane
Madeira
Réunion
Canarias
MartiniqueGuadeloupe
Zagreb
Valletta
Budapest
Bratislava
Roma
Riga
Oslo
Bern
Wien
Kyiv
Vaduz
Paris
Praha
Minsk
Tounis
Lisboa
Skopje Ankara
MadridTirana
Sofiya
London
Berlin
Dublin
Athinai
Tallinn
Nicosia
Beograd
Vilnius
Kishinev
Sarajevo
Helsinki
Warszawa
Podgorica
El-Jazair
Ljubljana
Stockholm
Reykjavik
København
Bucuresti
Amsterdam
Luxembourg
Bruxelles/Brussel
Performance (A-D) Types (Intermediate andPredominantly Rural NUTS 3 Regions)
No Data
PU Regions
Depleting
Below Average
Above Average
Accumulating
Some Generalisations which emerge from the EDORA Typologies
• Agrarian regions are mainly concentrated in an arc stretching around the eastern and southern edges of the EU27.
• The rest of the European space is a patchwork of Consumption Countryside, Diversified (Secondary) and Diversified (Private Services).
• Agrarian regions and Diversified (Secondary) regions tend to be relatively low performers, (Depleting).
• The Consumption Countryside regions and the Diversified (Private Services) group are both high performers, and likely to continue to “accumulate” in the future.
Two levels in Policy Design and Targeting…
CONNEXITY
Urban-Rural
Agri-Centric
Economic Competit., Global Capital
META -NARRATIVES
Structural Types (Intermediate and Predominantly Rural Areas only):
-------------------------------------------------------Agrarian
...…………………………………………..Consumption Countryside
……...……………………………………..Diversified (Strong Secondary Sector)
…….....…………………………………...Diversified (Strong Market Services)
D-P Typology:IA, IR, PRA, PRR
AccumulatingAbove Average
Below AverageDepleting
Accumulation - Depletion+ Macro-level
Policy Design and Targeting
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Macro Level
Seven Kinds of Assets/Capital
Financial Human Social CulturalInstitutional(Political)Built Natural
+Local/regional auditing of Intangible Assets
Micro-level endogenous place-based approaches.
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Micro Level
“Development Opportunities”…(… in the sense of activities which have growth potential…)
…In different kinds of rural area…• Agrarian – Para- or Peri-Productivism, diversification….• Consumption Countryside – economic activity based upon
environmental public goods (amenities) tourism, recreation…• Diversified (Strong Secondary) – structural shift towards higher value,
information based activities, and market services…• Diversified (Strong Market Services) – “New Rural Economy” – similar
opportunity set to that of urban and peri-urban economies. Attractive for residential development –QoL….
• All of these opportunities have different characteristics, in terms of labour market impacts, future prospects etc.
• Analysis of specific opportunities will inevitably be partial and ephemeral.
• Each region has a unique combination of resources and opportunities… • Globalisation and “Connexity” means that increasingly the opportunities
are ubiquitous, and development is determined by “the supply side”; i.e. regional resources, assets or “territorial capital”.
Concluding: the evidence points towards neo-endogenous, “place-based” policy approaches….
To be successful…•Pay special attention to coherence with other policy…(esp. CAP Pillar 2).•Local auditing should also support policy monitoring and evaluation.•Top-down guidance needs to balance clarity and specificity with flexibility.•Needs to be facilitated by multi-level governance capacity – this may be a valid object for support in some contexts.
EndogenousTailoringof RegionalProgrammes
Micro-scalePatterns of(Intangible) Assets,Regional Audits
IndividualRegion
ProgrammeCoordinationand Targeting
Macro-scale(Structural) Patterns. Regional indicatorsand Typologies
Type orMacro-Region
…Thank you for your attention…
Final SeminarRural Policy for the Globalised Post-Recession European Countryside
3rd December 2010 0930-1300Norway House, Rue Archimède 17, Brussels
Further Information: www.nordregio.se/edora