数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分基数词

和序数词两种。

一.基数词

表示数量多少的词是基数词，如：one, two, three等。

构成方法如下：

1）从1－12分别由从one到twelve12个各不相同的词表

示。

2）从13－19均以后缀-teen结尾。

3）从20－90的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几

十几”时，个位和十位之间需加连字符，如twenty-one,

thirty-two, forty-three等。

4）数字的写法和读法：

⑴十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”；

⑵百位和十位之间要加and；

⑶三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数加一个逗

号“，”，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand,第二个

逗号代表million,第三个逗号是billion，注意这几个词不能用

复数形式，后也不能加and。

5）表示具体、准确的数目时，hundred, thousand,

million等数词后不能加-s, 如five hundred, six thousand,

seven million等。

6）当hundred, thousand等数词与of连用，表示不具体、

不准确的数目时，词尾须加-s。如：thousands of students,

millions of trees.

二.序数词

1）不规则变化

2）以-ty结尾的表示“几十”的基数词，先把y变为i，

再加-eth

3）表示“第几十几”时，十位数的“几十”仍用基数

词，只把个位部分变成序数词就行了。

4）除上述情况外，均在词尾加-th，如ten tenth one

hundred one hundredth

三. 数词的用法

（一）表示事物的编号

基数词放到名词的后边,该名词一般要大写；序数词放

到名词的前面，加定冠词。

第一课 Lesson 1/ the first lesson. Row 3/ the third row

（二）年、日、时刻表达方法。

“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词，前要加定冠词。读

的顺序是月日年。如：1999年5月2日读作：May the second,

nineteen ninety。

“时刻”用基数词表达，同时要注意以下两点。

1.表示“整点”时，在基数词后加o’clock;

9:00 o’clock.

2.分钟小于或等于30分钟的，用“分钟数＋past＋钟点数”

形式；分钟数大于30分钟的，用“到下一个钟点所差的分钟数

＋to＋下一个钟点数”形式,也可以依次读钟点数和分钟数。

7:20 twenty past seven或seven twenty.

3.注意两个特殊的表示时间的单位词：30分钟用half，15分

钟用a quarter，如：

6:30 读作：half past six

5:45 读作：a quarter to six

6:15 读作：a quarter past six

（三）分数的表达方法

表示分数时，分子用基数，分母用序数，分子大于1，

分母用复数。分数修饰名词时，后用of短语。如：

1/3 one third of teachers 3/7 three sevenths of the boys

1/2, 1/4分别用 a half和a quarter表示。

（四）“基数词－名词－形容词”结构

“基数词－名词－形容词”只能用来放到名词前作定

语。如：

She is a 3-year-old girl.

They live in a 7-storey-high building.

注：这种结构中名词不能用复数，同时只能作定语。

用作表语时，不用连字符，名词有复数。如：

Tony is 10 years old this year.

Tony is a 10-year-old boy.

代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过

的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

一、定义

二、分类: 按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：

人称代词 主格: I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they,

宾格me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them

物主代词 adj性: my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their,

n性: mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs

反身代词 myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself,

ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself

指示代词 this, that, these, those,

相互代词 each other, one another

疑问代词 who, whom, which, whose, what

关系代词 who, whom, which, whose, that, as

不定代词 sth…; sb…; both…; all…; no; another, others …

1.人称代词

主格: I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they,

宾格: me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them

1)用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。

The Kings are music-lovers. They often go to the concert.

Nancy is a P.E teacher. I’ve known her for years.

2)两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则: 二三一

人 称. “我”总是放在最后, 在并列主语中,排列顺序为:

you, she/he and I, 并列宾格: you, her/ him and me,

You, she and I will be in charge of the case.

Mr. Li asked you, Tom and me to clean the windows.

3) 人称代词的特殊用法：

we /you 在口语中常用来泛指一般人。

she, her 通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。

You learn English better if you stay in an English-

speaking country.

The Titanic, the largest ship at that time started

her first journey on a sunny day.

China is my motherland, Although she is not rich

enough now, I still love her very much.

it 的用法:

1)代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物

I warned him not to smoke, but it didn’t help.

2) 表示性别不明显的婴儿

Look at the baby, it’s so cute/lovely.

3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见其人的,

非活生生的具体真人。

A: Who’s the man beside you in the photo?

B: It’s my cousin Henry.

A: Someone is knocking at the door, Who can it be?

B: I bet it’s Mike.

4)指代天气、时间、距离

It is Wednesday today. It never rains but it pours !

It is ten minutes’ walk from my house to the park.

It is fifteen years since he came to Shanghai.

2.物主代词

形容词性: my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their,

名词性 : mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs

adj 物主代词属于限定词, 后面必须有n, 只能作定语。

n 性物主代词在用法上相当于 “adj 词性物主代词+n”

既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，

This isn’t her pen. Hers looks newer and cleaner.主语

I lost my bike, Can I use yours.宾语

Look for your keys in your bag, not in mine.介词宾语:

双重属格为：a/an, this, that …+n +of +n 性物主代词

a friend of mine. each brother of his.

形容词 own 常用在形容词性物主代词后面加强语气

one’s own+ 名词=.名词of one’s own

I have my own car/ friends

=I have a car /friends of my own.

I saw it with my own eyes !

3.反身代词

myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself,

ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself

enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心

teach oneself sth =learn sth by oneself 自学…

buy oneself sth=buy sth for oneself 为自己买…

call oneself a writer / Jay Chou 自称作家/周杰论

introduce oneself 自我介绍；be proud of oneself自豪

devote oneself to 全神贯注于;献身于

behave oneself 举止规范; express oneself 表达思想

hurt oneself 弄伤自己; dress oneself (up) 穿衣(打扮)

Help oneself to some…随便吃/ 喝点….

make oneself at home, 放松；别拘束

make oneself understood 让别人明白/理解自己

think more of oneself than others考虑自己多于别人

feel oneself 感到有精神; look oneself 跟往常一样健康

by oneself =on one’s own 独自地;独立地

一些常见的包含反身代词的词组

4.指示代词:

指示代词的特殊指代功能：

this, these 一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；

that, those 常指时间或空间较远的人或物。

I want to tell you this: The party will be put off.

He hurt his leg yesterday. That's why he didn't come.

①介绍别人时要用 this is; This is Miss Li. This is Tom

②this 常指下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；

that 则指上文中提到过的人/事物有承上的作用。

③打电话时“你” “我” 不用“you” “I ” 而要用

that, this, A: Who is that? B: This is Lily speaking.

④若用于指代与前面提及的同类事物, 若该n的

修饰语在 后, 则多用that (单数n和不可数n ), those(复数n);

The traffic on Humin Road is heavier than that on Guilin R.

The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Shanghai.

The book on the desk is as new as the one / that on the shelf.

The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

指示代词还可作限定词:

That boy is Bob. These trees are ours.

this morning / afternoon /evening / week / month /

Wednesday / autumn / year / term this time, this way

5.相互代词 each other, one another

each other指两个人/物之间, one another指多个之间, 但

each other 常用来代替 one another相互代词只能作动词

和介词的宾语

相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：

People should care about and help each other /one another.

We write to each other.

Trees can communicate with each other.

Ann and Jane often share snacks with each other

Although they’ve talked for five hours, they don’t

know each other's names.

6.疑问代词:

指人: who, whom, whose; 指物: what; 指人/物: which

1) 疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,位于谓语

动词之前, 没有性和数的变化, 除who之外也没有格的变

化。who问姓名/关系, what 问职业 等

2) whom是who的宾格, 作动词宾语或介词宾语, 在口

语中可用who代替, 但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：

Who(m) did you meet on the street? （作动词宾语）

Who(m) will you give the book to?（介宾,置句首）

To whom did you speak just now?

3) which指一定范围内, 而what, who 则无范围限制

Which do you like best? What / Who do you like best?

4) what, which, whose 还可作限定词。

What books do you like reading?

Which books are yours ? Whose book is this?

主要有：由some, any, no和every构成合成代词，

something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody,

=someone, anybody-anyone, nobody=no one,

everybody=everyone, 还有all, none any, each, every

one, both, either, neither, one, ones, a few, few, many, a

little, little, much, another, the other, others, the others,

some, any, no等。

8 . 不定代词

some (+复数n / 不可数n, (肯定句, 或建议请求),

any( +复数n / 不可数n)一些（否定句，疑问句）

no复数(+单/复数n / 不可数n)没有=not any /not a

both +复数（两者都)=both of + 复数

neither +单数（两者都不）= of + 复数

either +单数（两者中的任何一个）

all +复数n / 不可数n（三个或三个以上都/ 所有都）

none of +复数（三个或三个以上都）

any +单数（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）

each +单数=each of+ pl (多个中的每一个, 强调个体与个性）

every +单数（多个中的每一个, 强调整体与统一性）

There’re tall trees on each /every side of the square.

He has five sons, but none of them lives with him.

Which would you like, tea or coffee ? Either. (Neither)

many (+复数n) 很多 (既用于否定句,也用于肯定句)

much(+不可数n) 很多(既用于否定句,也用于肯定句)

a few (+复数n)几个 =several / a couple of

few ( +复数n )几乎没有 （用于否定句)

quite a few +复数n, 相当多的; very few; only a few

Every student has a set of text books.

Each student has his / her own English name.

a little(+不可数n) =a bit of (milk),(肯定句,一点点)

very little (+不可数n) 很少; only a little 仅一点点

little(+不可数n)(否定，几乎没有)

We have many classes and have to do too much

homework every day, so each of us feel tired.

She can speak little English, just a few simple words.

He is a man of few words, so he has few friends

She got quite a few presents but little pleasure from it.