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환경성 석면노출 건강영향과 대책 환경성 석면노출 건강영향과 대책 가톨릭대 김형렬

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Page 1: 환경성석면노출건강영향과대책kfem.or.kr/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/1419320775_yH5FDT.pdf• 33. 누적노출량 Estimated cumulative exposure to asbestos of 25 fibre-years

환경성석면노출건강영향과대책환경성석면노출건강영향과대책

가톨릭대

김형렬

Page 2: 환경성석면노출건강영향과대책kfem.or.kr/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/1419320775_yH5FDT.pdf• 33. 누적노출량 Estimated cumulative exposure to asbestos of 25 fibre-years

현재까지발생한문제들

• 부산석면방직공장인근주민에서악성중피종발생• 부산석면방직공장인근주민에서악성중피종발생

• 충남지역광산인근주민에서석면폐증

• 재건축현장의석면노출

석면함유탈 사용제품 제• 석면함유탈크사용제품문제

▫ 베이비파우더베이비파우더

▫ 화장품

▫ 의약품

Page 3: 환경성석면노출건강영향과대책kfem.or.kr/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/1419320775_yH5FDT.pdf• 33. 누적노출량 Estimated cumulative exposure to asbestos of 25 fibre-years

그동안의쟁점들

• 환경성석면노출이질병을일으킬수있을까?

▫ 광산인근주민에서발생한석면노출의위험은실제우려할만한수

준인가?

▫ 재건축에서환경적석면노출은질병을일으킬수있는수준인가?

▫ 석면함유활석사용한베이비파우더, 화장품의석면노출로질병발

생이가 한가생이가능한가?

• 환경성석면노출의주요노출경로

▫ 소화기노출은안전한가?

• 환경관련성평가의객관적인기준은있는가?

Page 4: 환경성석면노출건강영향과대책kfem.or.kr/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/1419320775_yH5FDT.pdf• 33. 누적노출량 Estimated cumulative exposure to asbestos of 25 fibre-years

환경성 석면노출로 인한 질병 발생의 근거들

호주사례• 호주사례

▫ 악성중피종환자 80% 석면노출직업력없음. 부검결과

다른일반인구에비해석면섬유초과발견

많은 NOA(Naturally occurring asbestos) 사건들 미국 중• 많은 NOA(Naturally occurring asbestos) 사건들, 미국, 중

국, 터키, 그리스등

• 국내감시체계역학조사결과

Page 5: 환경성석면노출건강영향과대책kfem.or.kr/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/1419320775_yH5FDT.pdf• 33. 누적노출량 Estimated cumulative exposure to asbestos of 25 fibre-years

폐암과석면폐증

광산인근주민 NOA• 광산인근주민, NOA

• 장기간노출, 고농도노출가능한환경노출인경장기간노출, 고농도노출가능한환경노출인경

우발생가능

• 충남사례 4-50년이상의노출

• 단기간노출, 저농도노출에서는발생가능낮음

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석면노출과폐암

• 관련성평가고려지점• 관련성평가고려지점▫ 잠복기▫ 누적노출량▫ 누적노출량▫ 석면폐증유무▫ 석면섬유종류▫ 석면섬유종류

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석면의누적노출량과폐암발생석면의누적노출량과폐암발생

일반인구집단에비해 2배이상

높은발생을보이는누적노출량수준

20 fiber/cc years 이상

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석면섬유의종류에따라

• Amphibole > chrysotile (textile worker 관련연구일부제외)• Amphibole > chrysotile (textile worker 관련연구일부제외)

• Lung cancer risk and chrysotile

• Higher group: Asbestos textile

• Lower groups: Miner, cement manufacturers, friction product

• 이유:

▫ Tremolite contamination, Chrysotile에 tremolite 불순물로섞여있는경우

가많음, 실제 autopsy에서 tremolite 나와

▫ Fiber length, 석면방직에사용되는백석면의길이가더길어

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The Helsinki criteria(1997)• 1. 석면폐증

• 2. 기관지세척액검사석면섬유, 석면소체

• A count of 5000 to 15 000 asbestos bodies (ABs) or more per gram dry

l ti (/ d ) i l t t d fib b d f illi lung tissue (/g dry), or an equivalent uncoated fibre burden of 2.0 million

or more amphibole fibres (>5 mm in length)/g dry, or 5.0 million or

more amphibole fibres w1 mm in length/g dry; this tissue count of ABs is more amphibole fibres w1 mm in length/g dry; this tissue count of ABs is

also roughly equivalent to 5–15 ABs/mL of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

fluid.

▫ Occupational histories (fibre-years of exposure) are considered probably to

represent a better indicator of lung cancer risk from chrysotile than fibre burden

analysis.

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• 3. 누적노출량3 누적노출량

▫ Estimated cumulative exposure to asbestos of 25 fibre-years or more.

• 4. 석면노출력명확히모를경우

▫ An occupational history, the only means whereby latency can be evaluated, of 1

year of heavy exposure to asbestos (e.g., manufacture of asbestos products, asbestos

i i l ti k ith b t t i l d liti f ld b ildi ) spraying, insulation work with asbestos materials, demolition of old buildings) or 5–10 years

of moderate exposure (e.g., construction or shipbuilding). The Criteria go on to state that a

2-fold risk of lung cancer can be reached with exposures less than 1 year in duration if

the exposure is of extremely high intensity (e.g., spraying of asbestos insulation

materials).

And • And

• 5. 잠복기최소연한 10년

비슷한기준 프랑스 덴마크 벨기에 호주• 비슷한기준: 프랑스, 덴마크, 벨기에, 호주

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Mesothelioma VS lung cancerMesothelioma VS lung cancer

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악성중피종악성중피종• 흉막, 복막등에생기는악성종양흉막, 복막등에생기는악성종양• Median survival period▫ 8-12months▫ 8-12months

• 석면에의한기여도▫ 80 90%▫ 80-90%

• 상대적으로저농도단기간노출로도발생가능한것으로보고되고있음로보고되고있음

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Country IR* Main source of the data

Australia 30 Mesothelioma Registry

Great Britain 30 Mesothelioma Mortality Registry

세계각국 100만명당

악성중피종발생건수Belgium 29 Researchers estimates

The Netherlands 23† Mortality data

Italy 17† Mortality data

악성중피종발생건수

Norway 16† Cancer Registry

New Zealand 15 Cancer Registry

Sweden 12† Cancer Registry

France 10-13† Mesothelioma Surveillance Program

United States 9† SEER Program

Hungary 8 Mesothelioma Registry

Bianchi C, Bianchi T. Malignant mesothelioma: global incidence and relationship with asbestos. Ind Health 2007; 45(3): 379-87

Turkey 7.8 Researchers estimates

Japan 7 Mortality data

Romania 6 Researchers estimates

Austria 5.6† Cancer Registry

Portugal 2-3 Researchers estimates

Argentina 2.2† Health Ministry Statistics

Singapore 2 Cancer Registry

South Korea 1-2 Cancer Registry

Morocco 0.7 Researchers estimates

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All MM Pleural MM

Peritoneal MM b t iPeritoneal MM asbestosis

Ro-Ting Lin et al, 2007 , Lancet

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한국에서악성중피종발생

60

한국에서악성중피종발생

50

60

30

40mortality

cancer registry

surveillance

10

20surveillance

0

2001

Y20

02Y

2003

Y20

04Y

2005

Y20

06Y

2007

Y

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

국내악성중피종발생추이국내악성중피종발생추이

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감시체계악성중피종석면노출력감시체계악성중피종석면노출력

직업력, 석면노출력 빈도 비고

건축, 건설 17 해체작업, 보일러 작업, 뿜칠 작업

자동차 수리 5 브레이크 라이닝 교체 등

석면방직 6 부산 제일화학석면방직 6 부산 제일화학

조선소 4 용접

주물 1

환경노출력 13석면광산 인근지역 거주, 자가 건축 석면

환경노출력 13건축자재 사용, 재건축 인근지역 거주 등

기타 32 사무직, 경찰, 교사, 농업 등기타 32 사무직, 경찰, 교사, 농업 등

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석면의소화기노출

• 석면함유탈크사용의약품

▫ 사전예방원칙에입각해회수조치당연

▫ 대체약품없는경우개발할때까지약계속복용토록교▫ 대체약품없는경우개발할때까지약계속복용토록교

육해야

▫ 소화기통한암발생증가확실한증거없음

▫ 소화기통해혈액내로들어올가능성희박함.소화기통해혈액내로들어올가능성희박함.

• 일부연구에서소량이지만흡수가능하다는증거

• 관련연구지원

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환경노출에 의한 질환 여부 객관적 기준

악성중피종• 악성중피종

▫ 환경적석면노출에의한질환으로인정해야함

• 폐암

광산인근주민등 출 장기간 출주민▫ 광산인근주민등고노출, 장기간노출주민

▫ 석면폐증유무, 거주기간등고려

• 석면폐증

출▫ 석면노출력과석면폐증의객관적진단

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건강영향대책

• 질병발생모니터링

악성 피 환자석면 출력 록의 화▫ 악성중피종환자석면노출력등록의무화

• 환자교육과홍보

▫ 환경성질환센터중심의대국민교육, 홍보활동

• 석면관련질환진단 치료향상을위한전문가양성• 석면관련질환진단, 치료향상을위한전문가양성

▫ 보건복지부가이분야관련전문가육성을위한구체적방안마련,

석면관련질환획기적치료방안개발위한연구지원

• 환경성석면관련질환보상

▫ 석면특별법

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현재상황에서우선순위

정확한실태파악• 정확한실태파악

• 환경성노출방지에대한대비책마련환경성노출방지에대한대비책마련

• 정확한위험에대한평가와소통

• 질병진단, 통계, 치료에대한지원책마련

• 조기발견및보상방안마련과시행