English Language ArtsLevel 7 #6 - Ms. Walker

Assessment: Parts of SpeechSentence Building: Types of SentencesIdiom of the Day

Word that names

An An IdeaIdea

A ThingA Thing

A PlaceA Place

A PersonA Person

Kinds of NounsKinds of Nouns

Common Nouns boy girl

Proper Nouns John Mary

Singular Nouns boy girl

Plural Nouns boys girls

Singular Possessive boy’s girl’s

Plural Possessive boys’ girls’

A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement

LinkingLinkingAction

“be”verbs & Helping Verbs

Action

Every sentence must haveEvery sentence must have

aa

Kinds of Verbs• Action verbs

express mental or physical action.

He rode the horse to victory. The flower is pretty.

•Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the

subject with a word that

describes or explains it.

The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.

Personal Pronouns

I, me, m

ine

you, your, yours

she, her, hers,

it, its

we,us, our, ours

they, them, th

eir,

theirs

myself

yourself

Indefinite Pronounsanybodyeacheithernonesomeone, one, etc.

Interrogative Pronounswhowhomwhatwhichwhose

Demonstrative Pronounsthisthatthesethose

Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

Is that a wool sweater?

Just give me five minutes.

Did you lose your addressbook?

Answers these questions:

How?How?He ran quickly.He ran quickly.

She left yesterday.She left yesterday.When?When?

We went there.We went there. Where?Where?

It was too hot!It was too hot! To what degree or how much?To what degree or how much?

Modifies or describesa verb, an adjective,or another adverb.

Modifies or describesa verb, an adjective,or another adverb.

Answers the questions:Answers the questions:

InterrogativeAdverbsintroduce questions

How did you break your leg?

When does your plane leave?

How often do you run?

Where did you put the mouse trap?

A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun.The word or word group that thepreposition introduces is its object.

They received a postcard from Bobby

telling about his trip to Canada.

The preposition never stands

alone!

preposition noun

pronoun

object ofpreposition

preposition object

object can have modifiers

You can press those leaves under glass.

It happened during the last examination.

Some Common Prepositions

aboardaboutaboveacrossafteragainst alongamongaround atbefore

behindbelowbeneathbesidebetweenbeyondbydown during except for

frominintolikeofoffonoverpastsincethrough

throughouttotowardunderunderneathuntilupuponwithwithinwithout

The ConjunctionA conjunction is a word that joins wordsor groups of words.

and or

buteither/or

Neither/nor

The interjectionis an exclamatory word that expressesemotionGoodness! What a cute baby!

Look at that sunset!

Assessment: Parts of Speech

Complete the Parts of Speech Test that accompanies this lesson. You must answer 4 questions correctly for each part of speech to show proficiency.

Break

Grammar: End-of-Sentence Punctuation Marks

Three ways to end sentences in English:

End of Sentence Punctuation Marks

Declarative and imperative sentences end with a period(.)Interrogative sentences end with a question mark. (?)Exclamatory sentences end with an exclamation point. (!)

Declarative Sentences

Make statements and end with periodsCookies taste good.We didn’t get home until late.Dolphins can recognize their reflections.

Declarative

Declarative - A declarative sentence makes a statement. A declarative sentence ends with a period.Example: The house will be built on a hill(.)

Declarative Sentence

The house will be built on a hill.

house will be builtThe

on

a

hill

Interrogative - An interrogative sentence asks a question. An interrogative sentence ends with a question mark(?). Example: How did you find the card?

Interrogative

Interrogative Sentences

Asks questions; ends with question marks.

Are you going home?When is the graduation?Why didn’t I take notes?

Diagram Interrogative Sentences

Are you going home?

you are goinghom

e

Exclamatory Sentences

Exclamatory - An exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark.(!) Exclamatory sentences often begin with interjections.

Exclamatory Sentences

Excitedly expresses emotion; ends with exclamation point (!)

The robber is escaping(!)That car is headed right for us(!)I can’t believe we won(!)

Diagram Exclamatory Sentences

I can’t believe we won!

we won

I can believeno

t

Imperative Sentences

Imperative - An imperative sentence gives a command. Example: Cheryl, try the other door(.)

Cheryl try door

the

other

Imperative Sentence

Sometimes the subject of an imperative sentence (you) is understood.Example: Look in the closet. (You, look in the closet.)

Imperative Sentences

Be home by midnight.Drop the weapon!(You,) Preheat the oven to 400

degrees.

Diagram Imperative Sentences

Look in the closet.

(You) lookin closet

the

Review

Write down whether each sentence is…DeclarativeImperativeExclamatoryInterrogative

1

Take out your soccer ball and play a game.

2

Why aren’t you doing your work?

3

Wow, I am so happy!

4

It is time for lunch.

5

Why do we have to take a test?

Assignment

Complete the Sentence_type_wrkst. You must have seven correct answers to show proficiency.

Fragments and Run-ons

Fragments and run-ons are sentences that cannot be diagrammed properly. First, let’s look at sentence fragments.

Sentence Fragments

A sentence fragment is a statement that cannot stand alone as a sentence, even though it might look like it should be able to. A sentence fragment may be lacking a subject, a verb, or both.

Sentence Fragments

Example: Although she went to the store

she went

Although

to storethe

Did You Notice?

When we diagrammed the sentence, the word although was not on or beneath the diagram line.

Sentence Fragments

The word, although, is a subordinating conjunction which begins a dependent clause which cannot stand alone as a sentence. Therefore, the group of words in the diagram is a fragment.

Other Fragments

Because John made a basket

John made basket

Is it a sentence or a fragment?

because

Fragment

“Because John made a basket,” is not a complete sentence because it begins with the subordinating conjunction, because, and cannot stand alone. See the complete sentence that follows:

Complete Sentence

Because John made a basket, we won the game.

we won game

John made basket

thebecause

a

A Sentence Can Be Diagrammed

“We won the game” is a complete sentence and can be diagrammed. “Because John made a basket,” is a fragment and cannot be diagrammed. Did you notice that “because” is separate from the rest of the sentence in the diagram?

Diagram It

Remember, if you are not sure whether it’s a sentence or a fragment, diagram your sentence to make sure all the words fit on the diagram.

Some Words that can Begin a Fragment

although as because before

if once

since

thattillunless

until when

whenever where

Dependent Clauses

The previous words should be used at the beginning of a group of words. The group of words is called a dependent clause. A complete sentence must come before or after the dependent clause.

Run-on Sentences

Run-on sentences do not have the proper mark after the sentence. You must have a period (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!) to end a sentence.

Run-on Sentences

Some sentences run together because the punctuation inside the sentence is not used or is used incorrectly. Punctuation inside the sentence includes commas (,) semicolons (;) and colons(:).

Proper Punctuation

The types of sentences you learned earlier all end with a punctuation mark. There are three punctuation marks that end sentences: The period (.), the question mark (?) and the exclamation mark (!).

Run-on Sentences

What would happen if you failed to use a punctuation mark at the end of a sentence? If you write another sentence, the result would be a run-on sentence. Example: Julie and Susan walked to the park they played on the swings.

The Run-on Sentence

Julie and Susan walked to the park they played on the swings. There are two sentences. Where does the punctuation mark go? What type of punctuation mark is used?

Let’s Add Punctuation

The punctuation mark goes after the word, park. The period (.) is used at the end of the sentence.Julie and Susan walked to the park(.) They played on the swings.

Did You Notice?

Did you notice that we capitalized the word that came after the period(.)?Julie and Susan walked to the park(.) They played on the swings. You can also use the conjunction “and” to connect the sentences.

Another Punctuation Mark

I love the zoo look at that tall giraffeWhich punctuation mark do we use with these sentences? Where do we put them?

The Exclamation Mark (!)

We put the exclamation mark after the words, zoo and giraffe. Which word do we capitalize?I love the zoo(!) Look at that tall giraffe(!)

Use Proper Punctuation

Here is another group of words. What punctuation mark goes at the end of the sentences?

When are we going to the store are we going to buy a toy

The Question Mark

The question mark goes after the words store and toy.

When are we going to the store(?) Are we going to buy a toy(?)

Assignment

Fragments and Run-On Sentences Worksheet– Each of the sentences is either a fragment or a run-on. Rewrite the sentences or add punctuation marks so that they are grammatically correct.

Assignment

Complete the Run on Sentences Worksheet. You must have at least four correct answers to show proficiency.

Review

During this session, we reviewed the parts of speech, and had a parts of speech test. In addition we learned types of sentences, along with fragments and run-ons which are not complete sentences.

Break

Part 3 - The Idiom

Idioms are spoken phrases that cannot be found in the dictionary. An idiom is an expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words.

“Pain in the Neck”

“Pain in the neck” does not actually mean that your neck hurts. The idiom refers to things or people who are a bother or difficult.

`Example: This test is a pain in the neck. (difficult)

Another Example

Pain in the NeckTed says his little brother is a pain in the neck. His brother yells while Ted is on the phone. He sneaks into his room when he is out. Ted says it is not fun when his little brother is bothering him.

Pain in the Neck

Pain in the neck means _____________.

someone who bothers others someone taller than you a blocked artery

Listen to your teachers. Do your work, and don’t be a pain in the neck!

This lesson has ended

It was a pleasure to work with you today. During our next lesson, you will learn more about root words. You will learn new ways to diagram. In addition, you will learn a new Idiom of the Day.

This Lesson Has Ended

Goodbye Until Next Time