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. (SSD)

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( % 53.0 80.0 ) , %

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,

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.

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. % % SSD

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paC % . ()

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.

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.

. ASME & ASTM ASME & ASTM DSS :

( ASTM A790 Seamless ASME SA-790 ( ASTM A240

ASME SA-240 ( A182 ASTM ASME SA-182 ( A789 ASTM

ASME SA-789 ( ASTM A479

ASME SA-479 ( ASTM A351

ASME SA-351 ( ASTM A276 . ( ASTM A .

: 1. ASM Specialty Handbook, Stainless Steels, American Society for

Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1994.

2. ASM Handbook, Welding, Brazing and Soldering, Selection of

Stainless Steel, American Society for Metals, Vol. 6, 1995

3. A. J. Sedriks, Corrosion of Stainless Steel, 2nd Edition, A Wiley-

Interscience Publication, 1996.

4. Atlas of Precipitates in Steel, 1983

5. ASTM Designation: E 562 , Standard Test Methods for

Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count ,

Annual Book of ASTM Standards

6. D.j. Kotechi and T. Siewert, WRC-1992 Constitutional Diagram for

Stainless Steel Weld Metals, May 1992.

7. Duplex Stainless Steels Microstructure , Properties and Applications, By

Robert N. Gunn