エチオピア連邦民主共和国 アワシュ川中流域 地下水開発計画...
TRANSCRIPT
エチオピア連邦民主共和国
水灌漑電力省
独立行政法人 国際協力機構（JICA）
国際航業株式会社
エチオピア連邦民主共和国アワシュ川中流域
地下水開発計画プロジェクト
ファイナル ・ レポート地質図および水理地質図
平成27年12月（２０１5年）
2015 7
US$1.00 = ETB 20.6298 = ¥123.80
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Lake Ziway
Lake Koka
Lake Yardi
Lake Ertele
Lake Abijata
Lake DendiLake Ala Semite
Lake Wenchi
Lake Dalay
Lake Goletsho
Awash Wenz
Abay
Ramis
J ema
Bilate Wabe Shebele Wenz
Wechti Wenz
MugerW
enz
Addis Abeba
Nazret
Yilu
Gola
Lemi
Mine
Guna
Meki
Dera
Kula
Rago
Bube
Robi
Hobe
Bu-i
Teji
Ambo
Doba
Erer
GotaBike
Hirna
Wanje
Akaki
Chole
Iteya
Arara
Suten
Ada-a
Kibet
Deder
Asela
Ramis
Ziway
Magna
ModjoHmero
Harew
Sheno
Fiche
Robit
Sagure
Diksis
Arerti
Agemti
Molale
Sodoma
Merewa
Woliso
Huruta
Hujufa
Tibila
Koshim
Ombole
Dilila
Bedesa
Godina
Ginchi
Asebot
Mesala
Chacha
Gewane
Dalocha
Chancho
Fulensa
Gelemso
Melkasa
Endibir
Roepeyh
Enewari
Meranga
Rukeyisa
Butajira
Gunchire
Dida Adi
Metehara
Aro Dimtu
Adis Amba
Tulu Bolo
Muke Ture
Haro Kile
Adis Alem
Harawacha
Tarma Ber
Welenchiti
Mucha Roba
Melka Jilo
Debre Sina
Goha Tsion
Debre Tsige
Arba Reketi
Midre Kebda
Bantu Liben
Addis Hiwot
Chefe Donsa
Debre Zeyit
Alem Ketema
Gojo (Jeldu)
Guba Koricha
Asebe Teferi
Shola Gebeya
Debre Birhan
Teferi Birhan
Anchar Bedeyi
Gebre Guracha
Ejere N Shewa
Sire W Hararghe
Arb Gebeya W Shewa
Abomsa (Tinsae Birhan)
Loko
Bofa
Arba
Muger
Eurdo
Koshe
Fetra
Duber
Beltu
Jihur
Sembo
Afdem
Dejen
Ejersa
Boreda
Segele
Kutara
Gebiba
Deneba
Fitale
Mezezo
Jebuha
Adulala
Ankober
Kechemo
Sululta
Ginager
Chifara
Mechara
Berehet
KurkuraDinkiti
Kachisi
Mendida
Tedo Ber
Delajebo
Jima Arsi
Alem Tena
Yemistina
Adami Tulu
Mama Midir
Sirtu Ager
Alem Gebeya
Melka Werer
Biyo Karaba
Tikur Chika
Hagere Sernay
Sheik Hussein
Melka Kunture
41°0'0"E
41°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
10°0
'0"N
10°0
'0"N
9°0'
0"N
9°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
400000
400000
500000
500000
600000
600000
700000
700000
9000
00
9000
00
1000
000
1000
000
1100
000
1100
000
LegendStudy Area
Towns
\ Capital
!5 Regional Capital
!!! Major towns
!! Other towns
Major Rivers
Roads
Trunk
Link
Main Access
Feeder
Collector
New Proposed
Unclassified
0 5025km
´
AbbayAwash
Wabi Shebele Aysha
Genale-Dawa
Tekeze
Omo-Gibe
Denakle
Baro-Akobo
Rift Valley
Mereb
Aysha
OROMIA
SOMALI REGION
AMHARA
AFAR
TIGRAY
SOUTHERN REGIO
50°0'0"E
45°0'0"E
45°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
35°0'0"E
35°0'0"E
15°0
'0"N
10°0
'0"N
10°0
'0"N
5°0'
0"N
5°0'
0"N
LegendStudy Area
Region
Major Basin 0 200 400100km
´
Addis Ababa Project Area
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Project Area
i
:
1 .............................................................................. 1-1
1.1 ......................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 ......................................................................................................... 1-2
2 ................................................................... 2-1
2.1 ..................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 ..................................................................... 2-4
3 ..................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Adama-Boseti .......................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 ..................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 ............................................................................................. 3-4
3.2 Kone-Fentale ............................................................................. 3-23 3.2.1 ................................................................................................... 3-23 3.2.2 ........................................................................................... 3-24
3.3 Mojo-Arerti-Debre Birhan ............................................................. 3-41 3.3.1 ................................................................................................... 3-41 3.3.2 ........................................................................................... 3-43
3.4 Awash-Asebe Teferi .............................................................................. 3-58 3.4.1 ................................................................................................... 3-58 3.4.2 ........................................................................................... 3-59
3.5 ................................................................................... 3-77
3.6 ....................................................................... 3-81
3.7 ................................................................................... 3-83 3.7.1 ............................................................................................... 3-83 3.7.2 ............................................................................................... 3-83
3.8 ....................................................................................................... 3-84 3.8.1 ....................................... 3-84 3.8.2 ........................................... 3-87
ii
4 .............................................................................. 4-1
4.1 ................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 ..................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 ................................................................................. 4-3 4.1.3 ................................................................................. 4-4 4.1.4 ....................................................................................... 4-21 4.1.5 ................................................... 4-21
4.2 ................................................................................... 4-24 4.2.1 ....................................................................... 4-24 4.2.2 ....................................................... 4-29 4.2.3 ........................................................... 4-31 4.2.4 ............................................................... 4-35
4.3 ........................................................................... 4-38
4.4 ............................................................................................................... 4-42 4.4.1 ....................................................................... 4-42 4.4.2 ................................................................... 4-48 4.4.3 ................................................................................... 4-49 4.4.4 ....................................................................................... 4-51
5 Beseka ......................................... 5-1
5.1 ................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.1 ..................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.2 ..................................................................................................... 5-7 5.1.3 ........................................................................................... 5-30
5.2 ....................................................................................................... 5-31 5.2.1 ............................................................... 5-31 5.2.2 ......................................................................... 5-38 5.2.3 ................................................................................... 5-41
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: 1.2.1: ................................................................................. 1-3 3.1.1: Adama Boseti ....................................... 3-2 3.1.2: Nazret- Boseti ...................................................... 3-6 3.1.3: Koka -Huruta- Sire ............................................. 3-7 3.2.1: Koka Fentale ....................................... 3-24 3.2.2: Kone-Fentale ..................................................... 3-26 3.2.3: Fentale – Awash ............................................... 3-27 3.3.1: Mojo-Arerti-Debre Birhan ................................................ 3-42 3.3.2: Mojo -Arerti -Debre Birhan .................................. 3-48 3.3.3: Mojo – Chefe Donsa – Debre Birhan .......................... 3-49 3.3.4: Arerri - Melka Jiro ............................................... 3-53 3.4.1: Awash Asebe Teferi ................................................... 3-59 3.4.2: Mieso-Asebe Teferi ............................................... 3-64 3.4.3: Bordede-Bube-Belo ............................................... 3-65 3.4.4: Adami Hara-Kora-Debala ..................................... 3-68 3.4.5: Asebot-Beka .......................................................... 3-69 3.4.6: Awash-Mieso ......................................................... 3-71 3.5.1: ................................................................................... 3-78 3.6.1: ....................................................................... 3-82 4.1.1: ......................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2: ............................. 4-8 4.1.3: West Hararge ........................................................... 4-8 4.1.4: Beseka ........................................................................... 4-11 4.1.5: Arsi ................................................................................ 4-14 4.1.6: East Shewa Amhara .................................... 4-16 4.2.1: ........................................................................... 4-29 4.2.2: 1:2,000,000 GSE –
.......................................................................................................... 4-32 4.2.3: JICA ................................... 4-33 4.2.4: ........................................................... 4-34 4.2.5: ....................................................................... 4-35 4.2.6: ................................................... 4-37 4.4.1: ........................................................................... 4-44 4.4.2: ........................................................................................... 4-48 4.4.3: WHO ......................................... 4-49 4.4.4: 2015 ........................... 4-67 5.1.1: Beseka ................................................................. 5-1 5.1.2: Beseka ....................................... 5-29 5.2.1: JICA ........................................................... 5-35 5.2.2: Beseka ........................................................... 5-37 5.3.3: Beseka ....................................... 5-42
iv
5.3.4: Beseka ................................................... 5-43 5.3.5: ................................................................... 5-51 5.3.6: ................................................................... 5-54
v
: 1.1.1: ............................................................. 1-1 1.2.1: ................................................................................................. 1-2 1.2.2: SPOT ............................................................................................... 1-4 1.2.3: ALOS ............................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.4: ASTER DEM .................................................................................................. 1-7 1.2.5: ............................................................................. 1-8 2.1.1: ......................................................... 2-1 2.1.2: ............................................................................. 2-2 2.1.3: DEM ........................................ 2-3 2.1.4: ......................................................................... 2-3 2.2.1: MER ................................................ 2-4 3.1.1: ......................................................................... 3-3 3.1.2: Kelefa L-AB21 ..................................................................................... 3-4 3.1.3: Tulu L-AB07 Chefeko L-AB08
Debeso L-AB09 ................................................................... 3-5 3.1.4: Sire L-AB35 Boko L-AB11 ........................... 3-8 3.1.5: Koka Dam L-AB02 Rukecha L-MAD40 ....... 3-9 3.1.6: Robi L-AB28 ...................................................................................... 3-10 3.1.7: Bofa L-AB25 Holly spring L-AB39
Weleso River L-AB43 ........................................................... 3-11 3.1.8: No.140419-1 .............................................................. 3-12 3.1.9: Jogo L-AB06 westward of Bofa town L-AB22
.............................................................................................................. 3-13 3.1.10: No.140414-1 ............................................................ 3-14 3.1.11: No.140414-2 ............................................................ 3-14 3.1.12: No.140414-5 ............................................................ 3-15 3.1.13: No.140414-6 ............................................................ 3-16 3.1.14: No.140419-3 ............................................................ 3-17 3.1.15: No.140419-5 ............................................................ 3-17 3.1.16: Gademsa L-AB05 ..................................................... 3-18 3.1.17: Boru L-AB19 Sire L-AB37 .................... 3-19 3.1.18: Gambedra L-AB38 ............................................................................... 3-20 3.1.19: Welensu L-AB17 Boseti L-AB29 .................. 3-20 3.1.20: Madiga L-MAD37 Lake Koka L-AB10 ..... 3-21 3.1.21: Harorecha L-AB32 Haribona L-AB42 ............... 3-22 3.1.22: Waka Bute L-AB04 Miesa L-AB03 ........... 3-22 3.2.1: Bosena L-KF02 ...................................................................................... 3-25 3.2.2: No.140415-4 .............................................................. 3-28 3.2.3: Fentale L-KF39 .......................................................................... 3-29 3.2.4: Sobebor L-KF23 Boru Alore L-KF18 Dinbiba
L-KF30 ................................................................................. 3-30
vi
3.2.5: No.140417-5 .............................................................. 3-31 3.2.6: Dodote Use L-KF20 Bogda L-KF25 ............ 3-32 3.2.7: Kone L-KF13 Kone Ofe L-KF03
...................................................................................................... 3-33 3.2.8: No.140415-2 .............................................................. 3-34 3.2.9: Korke L-KF10 ........................................................................................ 3-35 3.2.10: Dinbiba L-KF31 Fentale L-KF30
Fentale L-KF34 ..................................................... 3-36 3.2.11: No.140415-3 ............................................................ 3-37 3.2.12: No.140417-1 ............................................................ 3-37 3.2.13: No.140417-2 ............................................................ 3-38 3.2.14: No.140417-4 ............................................................ 3-39 3.2.15: Boru Alore L-KF21 .............................................................................. 3-40 3.2.16: No.140415-1 ............................................................ 3-40 3.2.17: Dinbiba L-KF29 ................................................................................... 3-41 3.3.1: Balchi L-MAD14 Balchi L-MAD15 ............ 3-43 3.3.2: Aroge Minjar L-MAD29 Chifey L-MAD12
Gina Ager L-MAD30 ................................ 3-45 3.3.3: Aroge Minjar L-MAD29 Balchi L-MAD14
Zengo L-MAD10 Gobemsa L-MAD25 .............................................................................................................. 3-46
3.3.4: Gidm Asfa L-MAD21 Zongo L-MAD10Megezeze L-MAD24 ......................................................... 3-47
3.3.5: Bokan L-MAD09 ................................................................... 3-50 3.3.6: Samasembet L-MAD11 .......................................................................... 3-51 3.3.7: Aroge Minjar L-MAD29 ........................................................................ 3-51 3.3.8: Kunche L-MAD06 ................................................................................. 3-52 3.3.9: Jelo L-MAD41 ....................................................................................... 3-54 3.3.10: Chefe Donsa L-MAD02 ....................................................................... 3-55 3.3.11: Zikwala L-MAD41 ........................................................................... 3-55 3.3.12: Argoba L-MAD04 Haro Meja L-MAD01
Haro Kilole L-MAD39 ...................................... 3-56 3.3.13: Wubit Ager Kersa L-MAD19 ........................................................ 3-57 3.3.14: Borchota L-MAD23 ............................................................................. 3-57 3.3.15: Borchota L-MAD23 ............................................................................. 3-58 3.4.1: Arba Rekete L-AA59 Komena L-AA35 Cheleleka
L-AA09 ................................................................................. 3-60 3.4.2: Huse Ridge L-AA53 ............................................................................... 3-61 3.4.3: No.140416-1 .............................................................. 3-62 3.4.4: No.140416-2 .............................................................. 3-62 3.4.5: Asebe Teferi L-AA57 Agemti L-AA20 ....... 3-63 3.4.6: Gara Gumbi L-AA06 Dalecha L-AA46 ............... 3-66 3.4.7: L-AA30 L-AA29 ................ 3-67 3.4.8: L-KF43 Gara Gumbi Rasa L-AA10 ........ 3-70
vii
3.4.9: Awash River L-KF42 Komena L-AA40 ...................................................................................................................... 3-72
3.4.10: No.140416-4 ............................................................ 3-73 3.4.11: Riv. Jejeba L-AA03 .................................................................. 3-74 3.4.12: Adami Hara L-AA33 Buri Korkoda Ridge L-AA22
Awash Arba L-KF40 ......................................... 3-75 3.4.13: Asebot L-AA44 Kulbus L-AA38
Aneno L-AA21 .................................................................. 3-76 3.4.14: Awash River L-KF41 ........................................................................... 3-77 3.5.1: ................................................................................................... 3-79 3.5.2: ................................................................................................... 3-80 3.7.1: ........... 3-84 3.8.1: DEM : ASTER version 2
30m 20m .................................................................... 3-86 3.8.2: Kazmin and Berhe, 1978 ....... 3-87 4.1.1: ............................................................................................. 4-6 4.1.2: ..................................................................................... 4-7 4.1.3: West Hararge ..................................... 4-10 4.1.4: Arsi .................................................... 4-15 4.1.5: East Shewa Amhara ................ 4-21 4.1.6: ........................................................... 4-23 4.2.1: ........................................................... 4-25 4.2.2: West Hrarge ............................................... 4-26 4.2.3: Amhara ...................................................... 4-27 4.2.4: Koka -Dera ......................... 4-28 4.2.5: Koka - ..................................................... 4-28 4.2.6: Beseka ....................................................... 4-29 4.2.7: ........................................... 4-36 4.3.1: ............................................................... 4-39 4.3.2: ....................................................... 4-40 4.3.3: ................................................................................... 4-41 4.4.1: ........................................................................... 4-43 4.4.2: ....................................................................... 4-51 4.4.3: ............................................... 4-53 4.4.4: ................................................... 4-54 4.4.5: ................................................... 4-55 4.4.6: ....................................................... 4-56 4.4.7: ....................................................... 4-57 4.4.8: :
.............................................................................................................. 4-58 4.4.9: ................................................................................... 4-59 4.4.10: Beseka
...................................................................................................................... 4-61 4.4.11: ................................................. 4-62
viii
4.4.12: ................................................. 4-63 4.4.13: ..................................................... 4-64 4.4.14: ..................................................... 4-65 4.4.15: ................................................. 4-66 4.4.16: / ........ 4-68 4.4.17: / ................ 4-68 4.4.18: / .... 4-69 5.1.1: Beseka ......................................................................... 5-3 5.1.2: Beseka ......................................................................... 5-4 5.1.3: Beseka - A-A’ ................................ 5-5 5.1.4: Beseka B-B’ ......................................... 5-5 5.1.5: Beseka C-C’ ......................................... 5-6 5.1.6: ..................................................................... 5-6 5.1.7: Beseka ............................................................. 5-7 5.1.8: ................................................................................. 5-9 5.1.9: ....................................................................... 5-10 5.1.10: Birenti-Hada ............................................................ 5-11 5.1.11: ............................................................. 5-12 5.1.12: Nura Hira ................................................................. 5-13 5.1.13: Dino ......................................................... 5-13 5.1.14: Sobebor ............................................................ 5-14 5.1.15: ..................................................................... 5-16 5.1.16: Kone ........................................................ 5-17 5.1.17: Fentale ..................................................................... 5-18 5.1.18: Fentale ..................................................... 5-19 5.1.19: Fentale Blister
.......................................................................................................... 5-20 5.1.20: ..................................................................... 5-21 5.1.21: ............................................................................................. 5-22 5.1.22: Beseka
.................................................................. 5-23 5.1.23: A-A’ 30:1 ..................... 5-24 5.1.24: B-B’ 30:1 ...................... 5-25 5.1.25: C-C’ 40:1 ...................... 5-26 5.1.26: D-D’ 30:1 ..................... 5-27 5.1.27: E-E’ 40:1 ...................... 5-28 5.1.28: F-F’ 40:1 ....................... 5-29 5.1.29: ............................................................. 5-31 5.2.1: Beseka JICA ....................................... 5-32 5.2.2: JICA AW BH-3 .......................................... 5-33 5.2.3: JICA AW BH- N ..................................... 5-33 5.2.4: JICA AW BH-5 .......................................... 5-34 5.2.5: Beseka 100 m ............. 5-36 5.2.6: Beseka 100 m ............. 5-36
ix
5.2.7: Beseka ....................... 5-38 5.2.8: Beseka ................................................... 5-39 5.2.9: Beseka ................................................... 5-40 5.3.9: Beseka ................................................... 5-43 5.3.10: Beseka ..................................... 5-45 5.3.11: Beseka ............. 5-46 5.3.12: Beseka ..................................... 5-47 5.3.13: Beseka ................................. 5-48 5.3.14: Beseka ..................................... 5-49 5.3.15: Beseka ......................... 5-53
x
AAU Addis Ababa University AGRAP Alidge Groundwater Resources Assessment
Project Alidge
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ALOS Advanced Land Observing Satellite ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and
Reflection Radiometer ASTER-GDEM ASTER-Global Digital Elevation Model ASTER AU Adama University BFI Base Flow Index CAD Computer Aided Design (System) CDE Center for Development and Environment,
Ministry of Agriculture
CFC Chloride Fluoride Carbon CREC China Railway Engineering Corporation CSA Central Statistical Agency CSE The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia C/P Counterpart (organization or personnel) DB Database DCI Ductile Cast Iron DEM Digital Elevation Model DF/R Draft Final Report DTH Down the Hole Hammer DWL Dynamic Water Level EC Electric Conductivity EEPCO Ethiopia Electric Power Corporation EGRAP Ethiopian Groundwater Resources Assessment
Program EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIGS Ethiopian Institute of Geological Survey, now
renamed as Geological Survey of Ethiopia (GSE) GSE EL Elevation ELC Elc electroconsult milano and Geotermica
italiana pisa, Italia
ELSA Equilibrium Lake Surface Area EMA Ethiopia Mapping Agency ENGDA Ethiopian National Groundwater Database ENGWIS Ethiopian National Groundwater Information
System
EPA Environmental Protection Agency, now renamed as Ministry of Environment and Forest (MEF) MEF
EPC Environmental Protection Council ERA Ethiopian Road Authority ERC Ethiopian Railway Corporation ESA Ethiopian Standard Agency ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ET Evapotranspiration EU European Union EWCA Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority EWTEC Ethiopia Water Technology Center, now renamed
as Ethiopia Water Technology Institute (EWTI) EWTI
xi
EWTI Ethiopia Water Technology Institute, formerly known as Ethiopia Water Technology Center (EWTEC)
EWTEC
F/R Final Report FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
FAO-AGLW FAO Water Resource, Development and Management Services
FAO
FDM Finite Difference Method FEM Finite Element Method GD Groundwater Directorate (of MoWIE) GDP Gross Domestic Product GHB General Head Boundary GIS Geographical Information System GL Ground Level GNI Gross National Income GPS Global Positioning System GRSDM Groundwater Resources Study Development and
Management Directorate, MoWR, now renamed as GD of MoWIE
GD
GSE Geological Survey of Ethiopia GSP Galvanized Steel Pipe GTP Growth and Transformation Plan GWR Groundwater Recharge HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IC/R Inception Report IEE Initial Environmental Examination IMF International Monetary Fund INGEIS Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica
(Institute of Geochronology and Geology, Argentine)
ISO International Standard Organization ISODATA The Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis
Technique IT/R Interim Report ITCZ Inter-tropical Convergence Zone JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LEL Local Evaporation Line LMWL Local Meteoric Water Line M&E Monitoring and Evaluation M/M Minutes of Meeting MCM Million Cubic Meter MDGs Millennium Development Goals MEF Ministry of Environment and Forest, formerly
known as Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
MER Main Ethiopian Rift MOA Ministry of Agriculture MoWR Ministry of Water Resources, now renamed as
Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MoWIE)
()
MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy, now renamed as (
xii
Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MoWIE)
)
MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy, formerly known as Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE) or Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR)
MSE Metehara Sugar Estate Metehara MWL Meteoric Water Line NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
USA
NGI National Groundwater Institute NGO Non-Governmental Organization NMA National Meteorology Agency OLEPB Oromia Land and Environmental Protection
Bureau
ORP Oxidation and Reduction Potential O(R)WMEB Oromia (Regional) Water, Material and Energy
Development Bureau OWNP One WASH National Program OWWDSE Oromia Water Works Design and Supervision
Enterprise P/R Progress Report PA Preliminary (Environmental) Assessment PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development
to End Poverty PC Personal Computer PPP Purchasing Power Parity PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PVC Polyvinyl Chloride R/D Record of Discussion REA Regional Environmental Agency RESTEC Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan
RVLB Rift Valley Lakes Basin SC Steering Committee SCM Steering Committee Member or Steering
Committee Meeting SDPRP Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction
Program
SEA Strategic Environmental impact Assessment SFGS Streamflow Gauging Station SP Spontaneous potential SPOT Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (France) SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
SS Suspended Solids TDS Total Dissolved Solids TEM Transient or Time-domain Electromagnetic
Method
TIR Thermal Infrared TM Thematic Mapper (
) TOR Terms of Reference
xiii
TU Tritium Unit TWSSO Town Water Supply Service Office TWSSSE Town Water Supply and Sewerage Service
Enterprise
UAP Universal Access Program UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund uPVC Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation USGS United States Geological Survey UTM Universal Transversal Mercator VES Vertical Electrical Sounding VIP Ventilation Improved Pit VIP WASH Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene
Program
WB World Bank WC Water Committee WFB Wonji Fault Belt Wonji WHO World Health Organization WSDP Water Sector Development Program WSSM Water Supply and Sanitation Master Plan WWDSE Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise WWMEO Woreda Water, Mineral and Energy Office ZWMEO Zonal Water, Mineral and Energy Office
Chapter 1
Survey Summary
1-1
1
1.1
a.
2013 5 27
JICA R/D
1.1.1
b.
2013 10 2015 12
c.
1.1.1 20,000 km2
1.1.1:
1-2
1.2
a.
1.2.1
1.2.1:
1-3
b.
b.1
1.2.1
1.2.1:
SPOT ALOS 1.2.2 1.2.3
1-4
1.2.2: SPOT
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Mendida
KachisiFitale
MelkaWerer
SirtuAger
Delajebo
MelkaKunture
DinkitiSheikHussein
AlemGebeya
HagereSernay
Sembo
Deneba
Berehet
Gebiba
AlemTena
Mechara
Chifara
Ginager
Duber
Sululta Arba
Bofa
Koshe
Segele
KechemoJimaArsi
Ankober
Eurdo
Adulala
Bulbula
AdamiTulu
Wilbarey
Muger
DebreZeyit
DebreBirhan
FicheGebreGuracha
Chacha
Asebot
Sheno
SholaGebeya
Ambo
Ginchi
TejiGodina
ChefeDonsa
MelkaJilo Metehara Bedesa
Sire WHararghe
AncharBedeyi
AddisHiwot
Abomsa(TinsaeBirhan)
ModjoBantuLibenDilila
Bu-i MidreKebda
Ombole
Koshim
TibilaTeferiBirhan
Magna
Hujufa
BeleArsi
HobeRobi
Roepeyh
Ziway
HurutaEndibir
Bube
Woliso
AdisAlem
AsebeTeferi
Asela
HaroKile
Kula
Dera
Kibet
Meki
MukeTure
Dida Adi
Merewa
Sodoma
TuluBolo
Arb GebeyaW Shewa
Guna
Gunchire
GubaKoricha
Melkasa
Mine
Suten
Arara
AgemtiIteya
Gelemso
Chole
Butajira
Chancho
Akaki
Lemi
Gojo(Jeldu)
Gola
Welenchiti
Rukeyisa
Arerti
Diksis
SagureDalocha
Wanje
DebreTsige
Nazret
AddisAbeba
Omo-Gibe
Awash
Abbay
RiftValley
WabiShebele
40°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
9°0'
0"N
9°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
400000
400000
500000
500000
600000
600000
700000
700000
9000
00
9000
00
1000
000
1000
000
0 5025km
´
SPOT
1-5
1.2.3: ALOS
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HagereSernay
Berehet
AlemTena
Mechara
Bofa
DebreZeyit
Godina
ChefeDonsa
MelkaJilo
Metehara
AncharBedeyi
AddisHiwot Abomsa
(TinsaeBirhan)
Modjo
Koshim
Tibila
TeferiBirhan
Magna
Huruta
Dera
Guna
GubaKoricha
Melkasa
Mine
Iteya
Welenchiti
Arerti
Nazret
Awash
RiftValley
WabiShebele
40°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
9°0'
0"N
9°0'
0"N
500000
500000
600000
600000
9000
00
9000
00
1000
000
1000
000
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´
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Mendida
KachisiFitale
MelkaWerer
SirtuAger
Delajebo
MelkaKunture
DinkitiSheikHussein
AlemGebeya
HagereSernay
Sembo
Deneba
Berehet
Gebiba
AlemTena
Mechara
Chifara
Ginager
Duber
Sululta Arba
Bofa
Koshe
Segele
KechemoJimaArsi
Ankober
Eurdo
Adulala
Bulbula
AdamiTulu
Wilbarey
Muger
DebreZeyit
DebreBirhan
FicheGebreGuracha
Chacha
Asebot
Sheno
SholaGebeya
Ambo
Ginchi
TejiGodina
ChefeDonsa
MelkaJilo Metehara Bedesa
Sire WHararghe
AncharBedeyi
AddisHiwot
Abomsa(TinsaeBirhan)
ModjoBantuLibenDilila
Bu-i MidreKebda
Ombole
Koshim
TibilaTeferiBirhan
Magna
Hujufa
BeleArsi
HobeRobi
Roepeyh
Ziway
HurutaEndibir
Bube
Woliso
AdisAlem
AsebeTeferi
Asela
HaroKile
Kula
Dera
Kibet
Meki
MukeTure
Dida Adi
Merewa
Sodoma
TuluBolo
Arb GebeyaW Shewa
Guna
Gunchire
GubaKoricha
Melkasa
Mine
Suten
Arara
AgemtiIteya
Gelemso
Chole
Butajira
Chancho
Akaki
Lemi
Gojo(Jeldu)
Gola
Welenchiti
Rukeyisa
Arerti
Diksis
SagureDalocha
Wanje
DebreTsige
Nazret
AddisAbeba
Omo-Gibe
Awash
Abbay
RiftValley
WabiShebele
40°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
9°0'
0"N
9°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
400000
400000
500000
500000
600000
600000
700000
700000
9000
00
9000
00
1000
000
1000
000
0 5025km
´
ALOS
1-6
c.
SRTM
1.2.4 DEM
DEM
DEM SPOT
ALOS
1.2.5
MER MER
Afar Rift MER Afar Lake Chamo
Southwest Rift SWR
Chew Bahir
Halcrow et al., 2008
MER
1.2.5 MER MER
Afar Rift
Afar Rift
MER Corbetti Aluto MER
Tullu Moye Gedemsa Boset Kone Fantale
Wonji
Afar Rift
1-7
1.2.4: ASTER DEM
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Yeduga
Jebuha
Mezezo
Mendida
TikurChikaAlibo
Kachisi Fitale
AfdemBiyoKarabaMelka
Werer
SirtuAger
Gebete
DelajeboMelka
Kunture
Alga
Sedika
Dinkiti SheikHussein
HaderoTunto
BurkaJere
Kobo(Harar)
MamaMidir
AlemGebeya
Kurkura
HagereSernay
SemboHareto
Deneba
Jihur
Siba
Yemistina
Yeweynit
SireGino
Beltu
Berehet
GulaBedesa
Gebiba
Nada
Saja
AlemTena
Mechara
Chifara
Dodi
Dole
Ginager
Kutara
Duber
Fetra
Sululta
Delo
Arba
Kulubi
Bofa
Koshe
Gena
Segele
Boreda
Nefera
Taza
Kechemo
Gamoji
JimaArsi
GoroBale
Loko
Ejersa
Ankober
Eurdo
Adulala
Banta
Bulbula
AdamiTulu
Wilbarey
Deneba
Baso
Kose
Omonada
Dinkore
Muger
AlemKetema
DebreZeyit
GohaTsion Robit
TarmaBer
DebreSina
DebreBirhan
EnewariEjere NShewa
FicheGebre
Guracha
Fincha-aChacha Bike
GotaErer
BedenoHarawacha
Doba
Mesala
Asebot
Sheno
SholaGebeyaGoben
Sheboka
HamusGebeya WShewa
Guder AmboGinchi
Teji Godina
ChefeDonsa
MelkaJilo Metehara Bedesa
Sire WHararghe
Harew
MuchaRoba
Tirtira
HmeroAncharBedeyi
AddisHiwot
Abomsa(TinsaeBirhan)
ModjoBantuLibenDilila
SilkAmba
Alem GenaW Shewa
BotorKetar
ToleJima Abelti
WelkiteBu-i
MidreKebda
Ombole
Koshim
Tibila TeferiBirhan
Magna
Hujufa
BeleArsi
Hobe
Gobesa
Robi
Meliyu
HisuSinana
Goba
Agarfa
Mio
KoreArsi
Kofele
Shashemene
ArekaWaka
LomaBale Zima
Sodo
OfaBoditiAbelaLida Selka Sof Umar
AlidiAdejijo
Tibe
Robe
Roepeyh
Ziway
Timbite
Tiro
Hunte
HurutaEndibir
Ejaji
Bube
Woliso
Ramis
HajoAfati
Shinshicho
AdisAlem
Goda
Rago
Asasa
AsebeTeferi
Asela
HaroKile
Haydro
Kula
Shambu
Dera
Deder
Burka
ArsiNegele
KersaChilalo
Kibet
Meki
MukeTure
Shone
Dida Adi
Yejube
Merewa
Sodoma
TuluBolo
Arb GebeyaW Shewa
Farichu
Guna
Gunchire
MumichaGubaKoricha
Miaw
Mazorya
Dodola
Abebe
Hosaina
AlemGena EShewa
Melkasa
Mine
Molale
Morocho
Morsito
Mana
Ada-a
Niso
Obo
Sura
Suten
GurandaArsi
Gurlero
Arara
ArbaReketi
Guracha
AgemtiIteya
Boko
Gelemso
Chofira
Chole
Fonko
FulensaTawla
Butajira
Chancho
Akaki
Lemi
WeyabetaWeyge
AbdelaBale
AdisAmba
Durame
Edeneba
Gojo(Jeldu)
Gola
Welenchiti
Rukeyisa
Yilu
Arerti
AroDimtu
Bele
Giyorgis
Aje
Diksis
Sagure
Sirba
Dalocha WanjeFofa
Gibe Asendabo
GimbichuDoyoGena Alaba
Kulito
Aweli
Gedeb
GunaArsi
Jara
Ginir
Hirna
Adaba
DebreTsige
Nazret
Awasa
AddisAbeba
Omo-Gibe
Awash
Abbay
Genale-Dawa
RiftValley
WabiShebele
LakeErtele
LakeDendi Lake Ala
Semite
LakeAbijata
LakeShalla
Lake AwassaLake O'ACheleleku
LakeGoletsho
LakeChomen
LakeKoka
LakeLangano
LakeZiway
Lake Dalay
LakeWenchi
LakeBeseka
41°0'0"E
41°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
10°0
'0"N
10°0
'0"N
9°0'
0"N
9°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
7°0'
0"N
7°0'
0"N
400000
400000
500000
500000
600000
600000
700000
700000
800000
800000
8000
00
8000
00
9000
00
9000
00
1000
000
1000
000
1100
000
1100
000
0 9045km
´
550m 4200m
ASTER
1-8
1.2.5:
(m)
(m)
SRTM +
1-9
d.
Geological map of Nazret, Ethiopian Institute of Geological Surveys (EIGS), 1978 Geology and Developing of the Nazret area, northern Ethiopia rift, Kazmin etc.
EIGS 1978 Geological map of Dire Dawa, EIGS, 1985 Geological map of Debre Birhan, Geological Survey of Ethiopia (GSE), 1993 Geology of Debre Birhan area, Daniel Mesheha etc. compiled, GSE, 2010 Geological map of Akaki Beseka area, GSE, 1997 Geology of Akaki Beseka, Efrem Beshawered compiled, GSE, 2010 Geology of Addis Ababa map sheet, GSE, 1997 Geology of Addis Ababa city, Getahun assigned, GSE, 2007
4
1/25 Beseka 1/10
Chapter 2
Summary of Geography and Geology
2-1
2
2.1
a.
Main Ethiopian Rift MER
Afar Rift 2.1.1 MER I
MER NNE-SSW NE-SW
Afar Rift
1500m 2600m
MER
1750m Tuluri Awash
1000m Moye 2349m
Fantale 2007m
Arsi MER
1500m 2500m
1000m 1900m Sire 2000m
Arba Gugu 3625m
G Woldegabriel, 1990
2.1.1:
b.
12
Ministry of Water Resources MoWR 2.1.2
2-2
Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity MoWIE
2.1.2:
c.
Warque 130 km
Zuqualla
Kesem
Abbe 1,200 km
112,700 km2
Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy MoWIE
Melka Werer JICA
DEM 29,280 km2
380 km
2.1.3 2.1.4
MEREB GASH
TEKEZE
ABBAY
AWASH
DENAKIL
BARO AKOBO
OMO GIBE
AYSH
WABI SHEBELE
OGADEN
GENALE DAWA
RIFT VALLY
Ministry of Water Recourses Water Recourses information,
Natural Recourses & Environmental Meta data Center
GIS & Remote Sensing Group
Major River Other Rivers
Fresh Water Safety Lakes Sandy Salt Plain
International Border
River Basins Border
2-3
2.1.3: DEM
2.1.4:
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Addis Abeba
Adama (Nazret)
Gola
Mine
Guna
Meki
Dera
Kula
Bube
RobiHobe
Bu-i
Teji
Wanje
Akaki
Chole
Iteya
Suten
Kibet
AselaZiway
Magna
Modjo
Sheno
Diksis
Arerti
Agemti
Sodoma
Merewa
Woliso
Huruta
HujufaTibila
Koshim
Dilila
BedesaGodina
Ginchi
Asebot
Chacha
Chancho
Gelemso
Melkasa
Endibir
RoepeyhHombole
Butajira Dida Adi
Metehara
Tulu Bolo
Muke Ture
Haro Kile
Adis Alem
Welenchiti
Melka Jilo
Debre Tsige
Midre Kebda
Bantu Liben
Addis Hiwot
Chefe Donsa
Gojo (Jeldu)
Guba Koricha
Shola Gebeya
Debre Birhan
Teferi Birhan
Anchar Bedeyi
Arb Gebeya W Shewa
Abomsa (Tinsae Birhan)
Bishoftu (Debre Zeyit)
Bofa
Arba
Muger
Koshe
Duber Sembo Segele
Deneba
Fitale
Adulala
Ankober
Kechemo
Sululta
Ginager
Chifara
Mechara
Berehet
Mendida
Delajebo
Jima Arsi
Alem Tena
Adami Tulu
Sirtu Ager
Alem Gebeya
Melka Werer
Hagere Sernay
Melka Kunture
40°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
39°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
38°0'0"E
9°0'
0"N
9°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
8°0'
0"N
400000
400000
500000
500000
600000
600000
9000
00
9000
00
1000
000
1000
000
´
0 25 5012.5 km
LT 1,0001,000 - 1,4001,400 - 1,8001,800 - 2,2002,200 - 2,4002,400 - 2,6002,600 - 2,8002,800 - 3,0003,000 - 3,2003,200 -
Elevation (m. amsl)
2-4
2.2
a.
MER MER
WoldeGabriel et al.,
1990
MER
2100m 2km
WoldeGabriel et al., 1990, WoldeGabriel et al., 2000
MER Wonji Mohr, 1967
b.
MER
Kella
3
2
1
MER
2.2.1
MER
2
MER 2000m
WoldeGabriel et al., 1990 WoldeGabriel et al.,
2.2.1:MER
(Source: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com: 8100/legacy/college/levin/0470000201/chap_tutorial/ch07/chapter07-1.html)
2-5
2000
MER
Wonji NNE-SSW