Low Emissions Vehicles Fleet Experience

Dr Bob McLellan

Head of Transportation & Environmental ServicesFife Council

e-Fife

• In 2013, the UK’s total CO2 emissions were 464 MILLION

tonnes

• Of that total, 25% of those CO2 emissions are as a result of

Transport activities

• The 2011 Local Authority Estimates show that transport in

Scotland emitted 10.5 MILLION tonnes of CO2

• Transport in Fife accounts for 5.1% of the Scottish total CO2

emissions - 543.7 kilo tonnes of CO2

Global Vehicle Emissions

Source: DECC Local Authority CO2 emissions estimates 2011

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European Perspective• In 2012, Norway had the highest percentage of new EV’s of all

new vehicle registrations

Country Total Plug in Vehicle Registrations

Total Vehicle Registrations

% of electric vehicles as total vehicle registrations

Norway 6,287 276,312 2.3%

Estonia 562 32,617 1.7%

Portugal 2,250 248,713 0.9%Austria 4,924 692,155 0.7%

Netherlands 6,030 1,058,390 0.6%Poland 1,640 551,016 0.3%

Denmark 987 340,799 0.3%Switzerland 1,472 647,097 0.2%

France 8,989 4,102,989 0.2%Sweden 1,128 584,883 0.2%

Germany 6,553 6,256,138 0.1%

UK 3,342 3,985,862 0.1%

Source: ACEA, 2012 quoted in Article by W Straw, 2013

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Charging Infrastructure• Current technologies for EV’s have a maximum distance range on full charge of 80

-110 miles – BUT in practice, the range tends to be 40-60 miles, and also varies with other factors such as the weather

• Users initially need the reassurance of additional public charging points until they have confidence in the range of their vehicle

• FC have located trickle charging points within 10 miles of each other, as it is generally accepted that is the distance possible to travel after 1 hour ‘top up’ charge

• In 2014, FC has 24 charging locations comprising 77 individual charging facilities, located at offices, depots, and car parks, of which 19 are publicly available charging points at Public Transport Interchanges & generally Long Stay car parks.

• FC is expanding it’s network with the installation of 3 rapid charging points – which can recharge a battery from flat in 20-30 minutes

www.greenerscotland.org/greener-travel/electric-vehicles/charge-point-map

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National Rapid Charging Points

• There are 231 rapid charge points in the UK• Transport Scotland funded the installation of 25 combi

rapid chargers in 2012/13, with plans to install a further 29 in 2013/14

• Currently no rapid charge points located in FifeBUT FC has secured funding for 3 rapid charge points - they will be installed at a 35 mile radius forming part of the Scottish Network of Rapid Chargers

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Fife Charging Infrastructure

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Grants & Subsidies in Scotland

Plug-in Car Grants – Subsidy of £5000 toward cost of cars– And £8000 towards cost of vans - for Business &

domestic users Free home charging installations

- ChargePlace Scotland initiative Free parking to EV drivers whilst charging as

well as free electricity- Plugged in Places initiative

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Challenge in Increasing EV Users

• Drivers require to build more confidence in the range of their vehicle, only 10 Private EV’s Registered in Fife, 17 Fife Council Fleet

• Continuing Free electricity for EV users• Maybe Free Parking• Increase in rapid charger network to encourage wider

use of EV’s

BUT…• There are 19 national filling stations located across

Fife – the same as the number of publicly available EV charging points currently available!

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The Challenge – Larger Vehicles

• While technology for smaller cars improves, the challenge remains to find alternative fuel sources for the larger vehicles in the fleet

• Alternatives include:• Hydrogen Fuel Cells• Energy recovery• Bioethanol• Natural gas

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Conclusions

Expansion of electric fleet continues but also requires expansion of existing charging infrastructure

Significant investment required to reduce carbon of remaining larger fleet – with limited proven technology on the required scale at present