finacctg1 chap1-5

7/22/2019 finacctg1 chap1-5

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/finacctg1-chap1-5 1/73

SOLUTION MANUAL

Financial Accounting

Valix and Peralta

Volume One - 2008 Edition

1CHAPTER 1

Problem 1-1 Problem 1-2 Problem 1-3 Problem 1-4

1. D 1. A 1. C 1. A

2. C 2. A 2. D 2. C

3. D 3. D 3. D 3. A

4. D 4. B 4. A 4. A

5. C 5. D 5. D 5. D

6. C 6. B 6. A7. B 7. D 7. D

8. C 8. C 8. B

9. D 9. C 9. D

10. A 10. D 10. D


1. A 1. A 1. D 1. B

2. A 2. A 2. D 2. B

3. A 3. C 3. C 3. C

4. D 4. A 4. A 4. C

5. D 5. A 5. A 5. A6. D 6. A 6. C 6. B

7. B 7. B 7. D 7. D

8. D 8. C 8. D 8. D

9. C 9. A 9. B 9. A

10. D 10. B 10. D 10. B


1. D 1. A 1. C 1. E

2. D 2. B 2. B 2. D

3. C 3. D 3. D 3. B4. B 4. B 4. A 4. C

5. C 5. A 5. F 5. G

6. D 6. E 6. H

7. C 7. J 7. I

8. A 8. G 8. F

9. D 9. H 9. J

10. A 10. I 10. A



2

Problem 1-13 Problem 1-14

1. Systematic and rational allocation 1. Materiality

as a matching process 2. Going concern

2. Comparability or consistency 3. Income recognition principle

3. Monetary unit 4. Accounting entity

4. Income recognition principle 5. Standard of adequate disclosure

5. Time period 6. Comparability

6. Going concern and cost principle 7. Matching principle

7. Accounting entity 8. Cost principle

8. Materiality 9. Reliability

9. Completeness or standard 10. Time period

of adequate disclosure

10. Conservatism or prudence

Problem 1-15

1. The cost of leasehold improvement should not be recorded as outright expense, but

should be amortized as expense over the life of the improvement or life of the lease,

whichever is shorter. This is in conformity with the systematic and rational allocation

principle of expense recognition.

2. The fact that the customer has not been seen for a year is not a controlling factor to

write off the account. If the account is doubtful of collection, an allowance should

be set up. It is only when there is proof of uncollectibility that the account should bewritten off.

3. Advertising cost should be treated as outright expense, by reason of the uncertainty

of the benefit that may be derived therefrom in the future, in conformity with

“immediate recognition principle”.

4. The balance of the cash surrender value should not be charged to loss. In reality, this

is conceived as a prospective receivable if and when the policy is canceled

because of excessive premium in the early stage of policy. The CSV should be

classified as noncurrent investment.

5. The cost of obsolete merchandise should not be included as part of inventory but

charged to expense, as a conservative approach.

6. The excess payment represents goodwill which should not be amortized but subject

to impairment. Conservatism dictates that goodwill should be recognized when paid

for.

7. The depreciation is not dependent on the amount of profit generated during the

year. Depreciation is an allocation of cost and therefore should be provided

regardless of the level of earnings.



3

8. An entry should be made to recognize the inventory fire loss, and such loss should be

treated as component of income.

9. Revenues and expenses of the canteen should be separated from the revenues and

cost of regular business operations in order to present fairly the financial position and

performance of the regular operations.

10. The increase in value of land and building should not be taken up in the accounts.

The use of revalued amount is permitted only when the revaluation is made by

independent and expert appraiser. The expected sales price of P5,000,000 is not

necessarily the revalued amount of the land and building. Moreover, increase in

value is not an income until the asset is sold.

Problem 1-16

1. Accrual assumption 6. Income recognition principle

2. Going concern assumption 7. Expense recognition principle

3. Asset recognition principle 8. Cause and effect association principle

4. Cost principle 9. Systematic and rational allocation principle

5. Liability recognition principle 10. Immediate recognition principle

Problem 1-17

1. Monetary unit assumption 6. Substance over form

2. Cost principle 7. Income recognition principle

3. Materiality 8. Comparability or consistency

4. Time period 9. Conservatism or prudence

5. Matching principle 10. Adequate disclosure or completeness

Problem 1-18

1. The cost of the asset should be the amount of cash paid. No income should be

recognized when an asset is purchased at an amount less than its market value.

Revenue arises from the act of selling and not from the act of buying.

2. The entry should be reversed because the pending lawsuit is a mere contingency.

The contingent loss is simply disclosed. To be recognized in accordance with

conservatism, the contingent loss must be both probable and measurable.

3. The new car should be charged against the president and debited to receivable

from officer, because the car is for personal use.



4

4. The entry is incorrect because no revenue shall be recognized until a sale has taken

place.

5. Purchased goodwill should be recorded as an asset. Under the new standard,

goodwill is not amortized anymore but on each balance sheet date it should be

assessed for impairment.

Problem 1-19

1. Accrual

2. Going concern

3. Accounting entity

4. Monetary unit6. Time period



5

CHAPTER 2

Problem 2-1

Easy Company

Statement of Financial Position

December 31, 2008

A S S E T S

Current assets: Note

Cash and cash equivalents 800,000

Accounts receivable 450,000

Inventories 900,000

Prepaid expenses (1) 200,000

Total current assets 2,350,000

Noncurrent assets:

Property, plant and equipment (2) 4,400,000

Long-term investments 950,000

Intangible asset (3) 800,000

Total noncurrent assets 6,150,000

Total assets 8,500,000

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Trade and other payables (4) 450,000

Note payable, short-term debt 200,000

Total current liabilities 650,000

Noncurrent liabilities:

Mortgage payable, due in 5 years 1,500,000

Note payable, long-term debt 500,000

Total noncurrent liabilities 2,000,000

Shareholder s’ equity:

Share capital, P100 par 4,000,000

Share premium 500,000

Retained earnings 1,350,000

Total shareholders’ equity 5,850,000

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 8,500,000

Note 1 - Prepaid expenses

Office supplies 50,000



Prepaid rent 150,000

Total prepaid expenses 200,000

6

Note 2 - Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment 5,600,000

Accumulated depreciation (1,200,000)

Net book value 4,400,000

Note 3 - Intangible asset

Patent 800,000

Note 4 - Trade and other payables

Accounts payable 350,000

Accrued expenses 100,000

Total 450,000

Problem 2-2

Simple Company

Statement of Financial PositionDecember 31, 2008

A S S E T S


Cash 420,000

Trading securities 250,000

Trade and other receivables (1) 620,000

Inventories (2) 1,250,000

Prepaid expenses (3) 20,000


Noncurrent assets:


Long-term investments (5) 2,000,000

Intangible assets (6) 300,000





7


Current liabilities: Note

Trade and other payables (7) 620,000

Serial bonds payable - current portion 500,000

Total current liabilities 1,120,000


Serial bonds payable - remaining portion 2,000,000

Shareholders’ equity:

Share capital 5,000,000


Retained earnings 880,000


Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 9,500,000

Note 1 - Trade and other receivables


Allowance for doubtful accounts ( 50,000)

Notes receivable 150,000

Claim receivable 20,000

Total 620,000

Note 2 - Inventories

Finished goods 400,000

Goods in process 600,000

Raw materials 200,000

Factory supplies 50,000

Total 1,250,000

Note 3 - Prepaid expenses

Prepaid insurance 20,000


Accum. Book

Cost depr. value

Land 1,500,000 - 1,500,000



Building 4,000,000 1,600,000 2,400,000

Machinery 2,000,000 1,300,000 700,000

Tools 40,000 - 40,000

Total 7,540,000 2,900,000 4,640,000

8

Note 5 - Long-term investments Investment in bonds 1,500,000

Plant expansion fund 500,000

Total 2,000,000

Note 6 - Intangible assets

Franchise 200,000

Goodwill 100,000

Total 300,000



Notes payable 100,000

Income tax payable 60,000

Advances from customers 100,000


Accrued interest on note payable 10,000Employees income tax payable 20,000

Total 620,000

Problem 2-3

Exemplar Company


December 31, 2008

A S S E T S

Current assets: Note Cash and cash equivalents 500,000



Inventories 1,300,000

Prepaid expenses 70,000


Noncurrent assets:




Long-term investments (3) 1,310,000

Intangible assets (4) 3,350,000

Other noncurrent assets (5) 150,000 Total noncurrent assets 10,110,000


9


Note


Trade and other payables (6) 1,000,000Noncurrent liabilities:

Bonds payable 5,000,000

Premium on bonds payable 1,000,000



Share capital (7) 7,000,000

Reserves (8) 700,000

Retained earnings (deficit) (1,800,000)







Accrued interest on notes receivable 10,000

Total 640,000


Accum. BookCost depr. value

Land 1,500,000 - 1,500,000

Building 5,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000

Equipment 1,000,000 200,000 800,000

Total 7,500,000 2,200,000 5,300,000

Note 3 - Long-term investments



Land held for speculation 500,000

Sinking fund 400,000

Preference share redemption fund 350,000

Cash surrender value 60,000

Total 1,310,000


Computer software 3,250,000

Lease rights 100,000

Total 3,350,000

10Note 5 - Other noncurrent assets

Advances to officers, not collectible currently 100,000

Long-term refundable deposit 50,000

Total 150,000




Unearned rent income 40,000

SSS payable 10,000

Accrued salaries 100,000

Dividends payable 120,000

Withholding tax payable 30,000

Total 1,000,000

Note 7 – Share capital

Preference share capital 2,000,000

Ordinary share capital 5,000,000

Total 7,000,000

Note 8 - Reserves

Share premium – preference 500,000

Share premium – ordinary 200,000

Total 700,000

Problem 2-4

Relax Company


December 31, 2008

A S S E T S




Cash 400,000

Trade accounts receivable (1) 750,000

Inventories 1,000,000



Noncurrent assets:Property, plant and equipment (2) 5,600,000

Investment in associate 1,300,000

Intangible assets (3) 350,000



11


NoteCurrent liabilities:

Trade and other payables (4) 1,350,000

Mortgage note payable-current portion 400,000



Mortgage note payable, remaining position 1,600,000

Bank loan payable, due June 30, 2010 500,000



Share capital 3,000,000Reserves (5) 1,400,000




Note 1 - Trade accounts receivable



Net realizable value 750,000


Accum. Book

Cost depr. value

Land 500,000 - 500,000

Building 5,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000

Machinery 3,000,000 1,200,000 1,800,000

Equipment 400,000 100,000 300,000

Total 8,900,000 3,300,000 5,600,000




Trademark 150,000

Secret processes and formulas 200,000

Total 350,000




Income tax payable 50,000


Estimated liability for damages 140,000

Total 1,350,000

12Note 5 - Reserves

Additional paid in capital 300,000Retained earnings appropriated for plant expansion 1,000,000

Retained earnings appropriated for contingencies 100,000

Total 1,400,000

Problem 2-5

Summa Company


December 31, 2008

A S S E T S


Cash (1) 700,000

Bond sinking fund 2,000,000


Inventory 1,200,000



Noncurrent assets:


Investment property 700,000

Intangible asset (4) 370,000



LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

Note


Trade and other payables (5) 2,050,000



Bonds payable due June 30, 2009 2,000,000


Noncurrent liability:

Deferred tax liability 650,000

Equity:Share capital (6) 3,500,000

Reserves (7) 500,000


Total equity 6,700,000

Total liabilities and equity 11,400,000

13

Note 1 - Cash

Cash on hand 50,000

Cash in bank 650,000

700,000





Accrued interest receivable 30,000

Total 830,000


Accum. Book

Cost depr. value

Land 1,000,000 - 1,000,000

Building 5,500,000 2,500,000 3,000,000

Furniture and equipment 2,400,000 900,000 1,500,000

Total 8,900,000 3,400,000 5,500,000

Note 4 - Intangible asset

Patent 370,000


Accounts payable 1,000,000


Accrued taxes 50,000

Other accrued liabilities 150,000

Total 2,050,000



Note 6 – Share capital

Authorized share capital, 50,000 shares, P100 par 5,000,000

Unissued share capital (2,000,000)

Issued share capital 3,000,000

Subscribed share capital, 10,000 shares 1,000,000Subscription receivable ( 500,000) 500,000

Paid in capital 3,500,000

Note 7 - Reserves


Retained earnings appropriated for contingencies 200,000

Total 500,000

14

Problem 2-6 (Functional method)

Karla Company

Income Statement

Year ended December 31, 2008

NoteNet sales revenue (1) 7,700,000

Cost of sales (2) (5,000,000)

Gross income 2,700,000

Other income (3) 400,000Total income 3,100,000

Expenses:

Selling expenses (4) 950,000

Administrative expenses (5) 800,000

Other expenses (6) 100,000 1,850,000

Income before tax 1,250,000

Income tax ( 250,000)

Net income 1,000,000

Note 1 – Net sales revenue

Gross sales 7,850,000

Sales returns and allowances ( 140,000)

Sales discounts ( 10,000)

Net sales revenue 7,700,000

Note 2 – Cost of sales

Inventory, January 1 1,000,000



Purchases 5,250,000

Freight in 500,000

Purchase returns and allowances ( 150,000)

Purchase discounts ( 100,000)

Net purchases 5,500,000

Goods available for sale 6,500,000

Inventory, December 31 (1,500,000)Cost of sales 5,000,000

Note 3 – Other income

Rental income 250,000

Dividend revenue 150,000

Total other income 400,000

15Note 4 – Selling expenses

Freight out 175,000

Salesmen’s commission 650,000

Depreciation – store equipment 125,000

Total selling expenses 950,000

Note 5 – Administrative expenses

Officers’ salaries 500,000

Depreciation – office equipment 300,000

Total administrative expenses 800,000

Note 6 – Other expenses

Loss on sale of equipment 50,000

Loss on sale of investment 50,000

Total other expenses 100,000

Natural method

Karla Company

Income Statement


Note

Net sales revenue (1) 7,700,000



Other income (2) 400,000

Total 8,100,000

Expenses:

Increase in inventory (3) ( 500,000)

Net purchases (4) 5,500,000

Freight out 175,000

Salesmen’s commission 650,000Depreciation (5) 425,000


Other expenses (6) 100,000 6,850,000


Income tax ( 250,000)


16


Gross sales 7,850,000


Sales discounts ( 10,000)


Note 2 –

Other income

Rental income 250,000

Dividend revenue 150,000

Total other income 400,000

Note 3 – Increase in inventory

Inventory, December 31 1,500,000

Inventory, January 1 1,000,000

Increase in inventory 500,000

Note 4 – Net purchases

Purchases 5,250,000

Freight in 500,000

Purchase returns and allowances ( 150,000)

Purchase discounts ( 100,000)

Net purchases 5,500,000



Note 5 – Depreciation



Total 425,000

Note 6 – Other expenses

Loss on sale of equipment 50,000

Loss on sale of investment 50,000

Total 100,000

17Problem 2-7

Masay Company

Statement of Cost of Goods Manufactured

Year Ended December 31, 2008

Raw materials – January 1 200,000

Purchases 3,000,000

Raw materials available for use 3,200,000

Less: Raw materials – December 31 280,000Raw materials used 2,920,000

Direct labor 950,000

Factory overhead:

Indirect labor 250,000

Superintendence 210,000

Light, heat and power 320,000

Rent – factory building 120,000

Repair and maintenance – machinery 50,000

Factory supplies used 110,000

Depreciation – machinery 60,000 1,120,000

Total manufacturing cost 4,990,000

Goods in process – January 1 240,000

Total Cost of goods in process 5,230,000

Less: Goods in process – December 31 170,000

Cost of goods manufactured 5,060,000

Cost of sales method

Masay Company



Income Statement


Note


Cost of goods sold (2) (5,120,000)

Gross income 2,330,000Other income (3) 210,000

Total income 2,540,000

Expenses:


Administrative expenses (5) 590,000

Other expense (6) 300,000 1,720,000

Income before tax 820,000

Income tax expense ( 320,000)

Net income 500,000

18


Sales 7,500,000



Note 2 – Cost of goods sold

Finished goods – January 1 360,000



Finished goods – December 31 ( 300,000)

Cost of goods sold 5,120,000


Gain from expropriation 100,000

Interest income 10,000Gain on sale of equipment 100,000

210,000

Note 4 – Selling expenses

Sales salaries 400,000

Advertising 160,000




Delivery expenses 200,000

Total 830,000


Office salaries 150,000Depreciation – office equipment 40,000

Accounting and legal fees 150,000

Office expenses 250,000

Total 590,000

Note 6 – Other expense

Earthquake loss 300,000

19

Nature of expense method

Masay Company

Income Statement


Note




Expenses:

Decrease in finished goods

and goods in process (3) 130,000

Raw materials used (4) 2,920,000

Direct labor 950,000

Factory overhead (5) 1,120,000

Salaries (6) 550,000

Advertising 160,000

Depreciation (7) 110,000Delivery expenses 200,000

Accounting and legal fees 150,000

Office expenses 250,000

Other expense (8) 300,000 6,840,000

Income before tax 820,000

Income tax expense ( _320,000)

Net income 500,000




Sales 7,500,000




Gain from expropriation 100,000

Interest income 10,000

Gain on sale of equipment 100,000

210,000

Note 3 – Decrease in finished goods and goods in process

January 1 December 31 Decrease

Finished goods 360,000 300,000 60,000

Goods in process 240,000 170,000 70,000

Total 600,000 470,000 130,000

20Note 4 – Raw materials used

Raw materials – January 1 200,000

Purchases 3,000,000

Raw materials available for use 3,200,000

Raw materials – December 31 280,000

Raw materials used 2,920,000

Note 5 – Factory overhead


Superintendence 210,000

Light, heat and power 320,000

Rent – factory building 120,000

Repair and maintenance – machinery 50,000

Factory supplies used 110,000

Depreciation – machinery 60,000

Total 1,120,000

Note 6 – Salaries


Office salaries 150,000

Total 550,000

Note 7 – Depreciation





Total 110,000


Earthquake loss 300,000

Problem 2-8

Youth Company

Income Statement


Note




Expenses:

Selling expenses (3) 690,000Administrative expenses (4) 580,000

Other expense (5) 340,000 1,610,000




21


Sales 9,070,000




Beginning inventory 1,500,000

Purchases 5,750,000

Transportation in 150,000

Purchase discounts ( 100,000) 5,800,000


Ending inventory (1,400,000)




Store supplies 80,000


Total 690,000





Depreciation – building 120,000

Office supplies 60,000

Total 580,000


Uninsured flood loss 340,000

22Problem 2-9

Christian CompanyStatement of Cost of Goods Manufactured


Purchases 1,600,000

Freight in 80,000

Total 1,680,000

Increase in raw materials ( 100,000)

Raw materials used 1,580,000

Direct labor 1,480,000

Factory overhead:


Depreciation – machinery 50,000

Factory taxes 130,000

Factory supplies expense 120,000

Factory superintendence 480,000

Factory maintenance 150,000

Factory heat, light and power 220,000 1,750,000


Decrease in goods in process 90,000




Christian Company

Income Statement


NoteSales revenue 8,000,000



Expenses:


Administrative expenses (3) 930,000 1,730,000




Note 1 –

Cost of goods sold


Decrease in finished goods 200,000


23


Sales salaries

520,000

Advertising

120,000

Delivery expense

160,000

Total

800,000


Office supplies expense

30,000

Office salaries

800,000

Doubtful accounts

100,000

Total

930,000



Problem 2-10

Ronald Company

Statement of Cost of Goods ManufacturedYear Ended December 31, 2008

Materials – January 1 1,120,000

Purchases 1,600,000

Freight on purchases 220,000

Purchase discounts ( 20,000) 1,800,000

Materials available for use 2,920,000

Less: Materials – December 31 1,560,000

Materials used 1,360,000

Direct labor 2,000,000

Factory overhead:

Heat, light and power 600,000

Repairs and maintenance 100,000


Other factory overhead 340,000

Factory supplies used (300,000 + 660,000 – 540,000) 420,000

Depreciation – factory building 280,000 2,100,000


Goods in process – January 1 360,000

Total cost of goods in process 5,820,000

Less: Goods in process – December 31 320,000


24

Ronald Company

Income Statement


Note








Expenses:

Selling expenses 200,000

Administrative expenses 340,000 540,000





Sales 7,120,000




Finished goods – January 1 420,000



Finished goods – December 31 ( 520,000)



Interest revenue 160,000

25

Problem 2-11

Reliable Company

Statement of Retained Earnings


Retained earnings – January 1 200,000

Prior period error – overdepreciation in 2007 100,000

Change in accounting policy from FIFO to weighted average

method – credit adjustment 150,000

Corrected beginning balance 450,000



Problem 3-3

a. Undeposited collections 60,000

Cash in bank – PCIB 500,000

Cash in bank – PCIB (for payroll) 150,000Cash in bank - PCIB (savings deposit) 100,000

Money market instrument – 90 days 2,000,000

Total cash and cash equivalents 2,810,000

b. Accounts receivable (15,000 + 25,000) 40,000

Cash in foreign bank 100,000

Advances to officers 30,000

Sinking fund cash 450,000


Bank overdraft 50,000

Cash 690,000

Problem 3-4

Adjusting entries on December 31, 2008

a. Cash 100,000


b. Cash 50,000


c. Accounts receivable 200,000

Cash 200,000

d. Accounts receivable (20,000 + 60,000 + 30,000) 110,000

Money market placement 1,000,000

Cash in closed bank 50,000

Advances to employee 30,000

Pension fund 400,000

Cash 1,590,000

27

Cash and cash equivalents:Demand deposit (see below) 1,450,000

Time deposit – 30 days 500,000

Petty cash fund 10,000

Total 1,960,000

Demand deposit per book 1,500,000

Undelivered check 100,000

Postdated check delivered 50,000



Window dressing of collection ( 200,000)

Adjusted balance 1,450,000

Problem 3-5

1. Cash on hand 500,000Postdated check (100,000)

Adjusted cash on hand 400,000

2. Petty cash fund 20,000

Unreplenished petty cash expenses ( 2,000)

Postdated employee check ( 3,000)

Adjusted petty cash 15,000

3. Security Bank current account 1,000,000

Postdated company check delivered 200,000


4. Cash on hand 400,000Petty cash fund 15,000

Security Bank current account 1,200,000

PNB current account No. 1 400,000

PNB current account No. 2 ( 50,000)

BSP Treasury bill – 60 days 3,000,000

Total cash and cash equivalents 4,965,000

*The BPI Time deposit of P2,000,000 is shown as noncurrent investment because it is

restricted for land acquisition.

5. Accounts receivable 100,000

Cash on hand 100,000

Expenses 2,000

Receivable from employee 3,000


Security Bank current account 200,000


28

Problem 3-6

1. Cash on hand 500,000

NSF customer check ( 40,000)

Postdated customer check ( 60,000)

Adjusted on hand 400,000

2. Currency and coins 1,000

Check drawn payable to petty cashier 14,000



Adjusted petty cash 15,000

3. Cash in bank 2,000,000

Undelivered company check 100,000


Adjusted cash in bank 2,250,000

4. Accounts receivable (40,000 + 60,000) 100,000

Cash on hand 100,000

Advances to employees 3,000

Cash short or over 2,000


Cash in bank (100,000 + 150,000) 250,000


Problem 3-7



Postdated customer check ( 15,000)

Adjusted cash on hand 150,000

2. Petty cash fund:

Currency and coins 5,000

3. Philippine Bank current account 5,000,000

Undelivered company check 25,000





Philippine Bank current 5,070,000

Manila Bank current 4,000,000

Asia Bank time deposit 2,000,000

Total cash and cash equivalent 11,225,000

29


Cash on hand 50,000

Receivable from officer 2,000

Expenses 12,000


Petty cash 15,000



Philippine Bank current 70,000


City Bank current 100,000

Bank overdraft 100,000

Problem 3-8

Fluctuating Fund System Imprest Fund System

1. Petty cash fund 10,000 1. Petty cash fund 10,000

Cash in bank 10,000 Cash in bank 10,000

2. Postage 1,500 2. No entry

Supplies 5,500

Transportation 1,200

Miscellaneous expense 800



Cash in bank 14,000 Postage 1,500

Supplies 5,500



Cash in bank 14,000

Problem 3-9




2. Postage 1,500 2. No entry

Supplies 2,000


3. No entry

3. Transportation 1,000


Cash in bank 1,500 4. No entry

30Fluctuating Fund System Imprest Fund System

4. Supplies 1,000

Accounts payable 3,000 5. Postage 1,500

Petty cash fund 4,000 Supplies 3,000


5. Petty cash fund 9,000 Miscellaneous expense 500



Cash in bank 9,000 Accounts payable 3,000

Cash in bank 9,000

6. Postage 2,000

Supplies 3,000 6. No entry


Petty cash fund 9,000 7. Petty cash fund 10,000

Postage 2,0007. Petty cash fund 19,000 Supplies 3,000

Cash in bank 19,000 Transportation 4,000

Cash in bank 19,000

Problem 3-10


May 2 Petty cash fund 10,000 May 2 Petty cash fund 10,000


29 Postage 1,000 29 Postage 1,000

Supplies 3,000 Supplies 3,000

Transportation 2,500 Transportation 2,500Miscellaneous expense 1,500 Miscellaneous expense 1,500

Petty cash fund 8,000 Petty cash fund 8,000


Cash in bank 8,000

June 30 Supplies 2,000 June 30 Supplies 2,000

Accounts payable 1,000 Accounts payable 1,000

Transportation 1,000 Transportation 1,000

Petty cash fund 4,000 Petty cash fund 4,000

July 1 Petty cash fund 4,000

Supplies 2,000

Postage 1,000Transportation 1,000

To reverse the adjustment made

on June 30.

15 Petty cash fund 5,000 July 15 Supplies 1,500

Supplies 3,500 Postage 500

Postage 1,500 Transportation 500

Transportation 1,500 Miscellaneous expense 500

Miscellaneous expense 500 Petty cash fund 3,000

Cash in bank 12,000


Cash in bank 12,000

31Problem 3-11

2008

Nov. 2 Petty cash fund 10,000

Cash in bank 10,000



30 Postage 2,000

Supplies 5,000


Cash in bank 17,000

Dec. 31 Postage 3,000

Supplies 4,000Special deposit 2,000


2009

Jan. 1 Petty cash fund 9,000

Postage 3,000

Supplies 4,000

Special deposit 2,000

2 No entry

31 Postage 5,000

Supplies 6,000



Cash in bank 19,000

Problem 3-12

Requirement 12008

Dec. 1 Petty cash fund 10,000

Cash in bank 10,000

20 Selling expenses 5,000

Miscellaneous expenses 2,000Equipment 2,000

Cash in bank 9,000

31 Receivable from employee 2,000


Transportation 500


2009

Jan. 1 Petty cash fund 4,000

Receivable from employee 2,000


Transportation 500

322009

Jan. 15 No entry

31 Selling expenses 2,000

Administrative expenses 2,000




Purchases 1,200

Cash in bank 6,700

Requirement 2

Petty cash 10,000Less: Petty cash expenses from December 21, 2008 to January 31, 2009:

Selling expenses (1,500 + 500) 2,000

Administrative expenses 2,000

Transportation (500 + 1,000) 1,500

Purchases 1,200 6,700

Petty cash before replenishment 3,300

Problem 3-13 Answer B Problem 3-14 Answer C

Problem 3-15 Answer A Problem 3-16 Answer A

Petty cash fund 50,000 Payroll account 2,500,000Undeposited collections 1,100,000 Value added tax account 1,000,000

Cash in bank 2,500,000 Traveler’s check 300,000

Total 3,650,000 Money order 700,000


Total 4,540,000

Problem 3-17 Answer C

Checking account #101 1,750,000

Checking account #201 ( 100,000)

Time deposit account 250,000

90-day Treasury bill 500,000Total cash and cash equivalent 2,400,000

Problem 3-18 Answer B

Cash in First Bank 5,000,000

Change fund 50,000


Total 5,065,000


Cash balance per book 6,000,000Credit adjustment (1,600,000)

Adjusted cash balance 4,400,000

33

Note receivable 1,000,000

Accounts receivable (400,000 + 200,000) 600,000

Cash 1,600,000



Problem 3-20 Answer A

Checkbook balance 8,000,000

Postdated customer check (2,000,000)

NSF check ( 500,000)

Undelivered company check 1,500,000Adjusted balance 7,000,000


Cash on hand 2,400,000

Cash in bank 3,500,000

Petty cash 40,000

Saving deposit 2,000,000

Total deposit 7,940,000

Problem 3-22 Answer B Problem 3-23 Answer A Problem 3-24 Answer A


Cash on hand and in bank 5,000,000

Time deposit 6,000,000

Saving deposit 1,000,000

Total 12,000,000


Currencies 4,000

Coins 1,000

Accommodation check 6,000Total 11,000


Coins and currency 2,000

Replenishment check 4,000

Total 6,000


Total petty cash 10,000Currency and coins ( 3,000)

Amount of replenishment 7,000

34

CHAPTER 4



Problem 4-1

1. D 6. C 11. C

2. A 7. D 12. B

3. B 8. C 13. A

4. C 9. A 14. C

5. C 10. B 15. C

Problem 4-2

Balance per book 65,000

Add: CM for note collected 30,000

Total 95,000

Less: DM for service charge 2,000

Adjusted book balance 93,000

Balance per bank 108,000

Add: Deposit in transit 80,000

Total 188,000

Less: Outstanding checks:

No. 102 15,000

105 30,000

107 50,000 95,000

Adjusted bank balance 93,000

Adjusting entries:

1. Cash in bank 30,000

Note receivable 30,000

2. Bank service charge 2,000

Cash in bank 2,000

Problem 4-3



Total 155,000


NSF check 10,000

Book error (52,000 – 25,000) 27,000 42,000


35

Balance per bank 135,000




Erroneous bank debit 8,000 68,000

Total 203,000


No. 770 20,000

775 30,000

777 40,000 90,000


Adjusting entries:


Bank service charge 5,000





Cash in bank 42,000

Problem 4-4

Balance per book 2,840,000


Total 3,110,000


Adjusted book balance 3,105,000

Balance per bank 3,265,000


Total 3,715,000


No. 116 60,000122 180,000

124 120,000

125 250,000 610,000

Adjusted bank balance 3,105,000

Adjusting entries:






Cash in bank 5,000

36



Problem 4-5


Add: Note collected by bank 2,150,000

Total 7,150,000

Less: Bank service charge 50,000

NSF check 500,000 550,000Adjusted book balance 6,600,000


Deposit in transit 3,000,000

Total 7,450,000

Less: Outstanding checks 850,000


Adjusting entries:








Problem 4-6

Book balance 1,405,000

Add: Collection of note 2,500,000

Interest on note 150,000

Book error on check no. 175 45,000 2,695,000

Total 4,100,000


Payment for light and water 245,000

NSF check 220,000 470,000


Bank balance 5,630,000


Total 6,380,000

Less: Bank error 1,100,000

Outstanding checks 1,650,000 2,750,000


37



Adjusting entries:






Light and water 245,000



Problem 4-7

a. Balance per book – April 30 1,100,000

Credit memo for note collected 60,000

Outstanding checks:

No. 1331 40,000

1332 30,000

1334 60,000

1335 10,000 140,000

Total 1,300,000


NSF check 25,000

Undeposited collections 270,000 300,000

Balance per bank – April 30 1,000,000

b. Adjusting entries:





Cash in bank 30,000

c. Balance per book – April 30 1,100,000

CM for note collected 60,000

Bank service charge ( 5,000)

NSF check ( 25,000)

Adjusted cash in bank 1,130,000



38

Problem 4-8

a. Balance per bank 3,500,000

Add: Undeposited collections 550,000

NSF check 50,000

DM for safety deposit 5,000

Unrecorded check 125,000 730,000

Total 4,230,000

Less: Checks outstanding 650,000

Overstatement of creditor’s check 270,000

Understatement of customer’s check 180,000 1,100,000


b. Adjusting entries:


Accounts payable 270,000Accounts receivable 180,000





c. Balance per book 3,130,000

Overstatement of creditor’s check 270,000

Understatement of customer’s check 180,000

Total 3,580,000

Less: NSF check 50,000

DM for safety box 5,000

Unrecorded check 125,000 180,000


Problem 4-9


Add: Proceeds of bank loan 940,000

Note collected by bank 435,000 1,375,000

Total 4,075,000

Less: Service charge 10,000

Customer’s check charged back 50,000 60,000Adjusted book balance 4,015,000



39



Incorrect deposit 90,000

Erroneous bank charge 150,000

Erroneous debit memo 200,000 915,000

Total 4,915,000


Erroneous bank credit 300,000 900,000


Adjusting entries:



Interest expense (60,000 x 1/6) 10,000

Prepaid interest expense 50,000Loan payable (940,000/94%) 1,000,000





Cash in bank 60,000

Problem 4-10

Balance per book (squeeze) 2,120,000


Proceeds of note collected 435,000 935,000

Total 3,055,000


NSF check 50,000 55,000


Balance per bank (squeeze) 3,070,000


Bank error (200,000 – 20,000) 180,000 630,000

Total 3,700,000

Less: Outstanding checks (750,000 – 50,000) 700,000


Adjusting entries:


Bank service charge (5,000 + 15,000) 20,000


Loan payable 500,000





40Problem 4-11



Total 5,516,000

Less: Understatement of check in payment of account

(200,000 – 20,000) 180,000

Petty cash fund 10,000 190,000




Erroneous bank charge 50,000

Deposit omitted from bank statement 150,000 500,000

Total 6,000,000

Less: Erroneous bank credit 130,000Outstanding checks 544,000 674,000


Adjusting entries:


Interest expense (84,000 x 2/12) 14,000

Prepaid interest expense 70,000



Supplies 2,000


Postage 1,000

Loan payable (516,000/86%) 600,000

Problem 4-12


Add: Overstatement of check number 765 20,000

Check number 555 stopped for payment 10,000 30,000

Total 1,330,000


NSF check 85,000 90,000




Total 1,475,000


Number 761 55,000

762 40,000

763 25,000

764 65,000



765 50,000 235,000


41

Adjusting entries:



Miscellaneous income 10,000



Cash in bank 90,000

3. Receivable from cashier 40,000


Sales discounts 10,000

Problem 4-13

a. Bank reconciliation – June 30


Add: Credit memo for note collected 300,000

Total 1,300,000

Less: NSF check 100,000

Service charge 4,000 104,000




Total 2,050,000



Bank reconciliation – July 31


Add: Credit memo for bank loan 500,000

Total 1,900,000



Bank balance 2,650,000Add: Deposit in transit 1,100,000

Total 3,750,000

Less: Outstanding checks 1,851,000


b. Adjusting entries, July 31




Bank loan payable 500,000

42


Cash in bank 1,000

Computation of deposit in transit – July 31

Deposit in transit – June 30 400,000

Add: Deposits during July:

Book debits 4,000,000

Less: June credit memo for note collected 300,000 3,700,000

Total 4,100,000

Less: Deposits credited by bank during July:

Bank credits 3,500,000

Less: July credit memo for bank loan 500,000 3,000,000Deposit in transit – July 31 1,100,000

Computation of outstanding checks – July 31

Outstanding checks, June 30 854,000

Add: Checks drawn by company during July:

Book credits 3,600,000

Less: June debit memos for

NSF check 100,000

Service charge 4,000 104,000 3,496,000

Total 4,350,000

Less: Checks paid by bank during July:

Bank debits 2,500,000

Less: July service charge 1,000 2,499,000

Outstanding checks, July 31 1,851,000

Problem 4-14

a. Reconciliation – October 31


Bank balance 400,000


Total 700,000Less: Outstanding checks 100,000


Reconciliation – November 30


Add: Understatement of collection from customer 90,000

Total 1,090,000



Less: Understatement of check disbursement 270,000


43

Bank balance 930,000


Check of Susan Company charged in error 200,000 390,000

Total 1,320,000


Deposit of Susan Company erroneously credited 100,000 500,000


b. Adjusting entries – November 30

1. Cash in bank 90,000Accounts receivable 90,000

2. Accounts payable 270,000


Computation of outstanding checks – October 31

Outstanding checks – October 31 (squeeze) 100,000

Add: Checks issued by depositor:

Book disbursements 1,800,000

Understatement of check paid 270,000 2,070,000

Total 2,170,000

Less: Checks paid by bank:

Bank disbursements 1,970,000

Check of Susan Company charged in error ( 200,000) 1,770,000

Outstanding checks – November 30 400,000

Computation of deposit in transit – November 30

Deposit in transit – October 31 300,000

Add: Cash receipts deposited during November:

Book receipts 2,200,000

Understatement of collection from customer 90,000 2,290,000

Total 2,590,000

Less: Deposits credited by bank during November:Bank receipts 2,500,000

Deposit of Susan Company erroneously credited ( 100,000) 2,400,000

Deposit in transit – November 30 190,000

Problem 4-15

a. Reconciliation on July 1




44



Total 2,220,000



Reconciliation on July 31

Book balance 470,000

Add: Note collected by bank 1,500,000Total 1,970,000





Total 3,100,000


Check # 107 650,000

108 500,000 1,150,000


b. Adjusting entries on July 31




Cash in bank 20,000

Computation of deposit in transit – July 1

Deposit in transit – July 1 (squeeze) 500,000

Cash receipts per book 3,400,000

Total 3,900,000Less: Deposits credited by bank 3,500,000

Deposit in transit – July 31 400,000

Computation of outstanding checks – July 1

Outstanding checks – July 1 (squeeze) 950,000

Checks drawn by depositor 4,200,000

Total 5,150,000



Less: Checks paid by bank 4,000,000

Outstanding checks – July 31 1,150,000

45

Problem 4-16

Balance per book – November 30 500,000


NSF check 50,000

Customer’s note erroneously recorded as cash receipt 100,000 160,000


Balance per bank – November 30 600,000Add: Deposit in transit 120,000

Total 720,000



Deposit in transit – October 31 45,000

Cash receipts deposited:

Book debits 710,000

October collections recorded in November ( 45,000)

Customer’s note recorded as cash receipt (100,000) 565,000

Total 610,000

Less: Deposits credited by bank:Bank credits 500,000

Correction of bank error ( 10,000) 490,000

Deposit in transit – November 30 120,000

Outstanding checks – October 31 125,000

Checks issued by depositor:

Book credits 1,200,000

October bank service charge ( 5,000) 1,195,000

Total 1,320,000

Checks paid by bank:

Bank debits 1,000,000

November bank service charge ( 10,000)

November NSF check ( 50,000) 940,000Outstanding checks – November 30 380,000

Adjusting entry:







46

Problem 4-17

March 31 Receipts Disbursements April 30

Book balance 200,000 800,000 720,000 280,000

Note collected by bank

March 60,000 ( 60,000)

April 100,000 100,000

Service charge

March ( 8,000) ( 8,000)

April 2,000 ( 2,000)NSF check

March ( 20,000) ( 20,000)

April 30,000 ( 30,000)

Deposit in transit

March 31 ( 80,000) 80,000

April 30 (220,000) (220,000)

Outstanding checks

March 31 178,000 178,000

April 30 (372,000) 372,000

Bank balance 330,000 700,000 530,000 500,000

Problem 4-18

July 31 Receipts Disbursements August 31

Bank balance 800,000 5,000,000 3,940,000 1,860,000

Book error on collection ( 180,000) ( 180,000)

Book error on payment ( 540,000) 540,000

Bank error on deposit ( 200,000) ( 200,000)

Bank error on payment ( 400,000) 400,000

NSF check:

July 100,000 100,000

August ( 50,000) 50,000

Note collected by bank:July ( 200,000) 200,000

August ( 300,000) ( 300,000)

Deposit in transit:

July 600,000 ( 600,000)

August 480,000 480,000

Outstanding checks:

July ( 100,000) ( 100,000)

August 650,000 ( 650,000)



Book balance 1,200,000 4,400,000 3,600,000 2,000,000

47

Problem 4-19

Nov. 30 Receipts Disbursements Dec. 31

Book balance 2,032,000 2,568,000 1,440,000 3,160,000

Bank service charge

November 30 ( 2,000) ( 2,000)

December 31 4,000 ( 4,000)

Collection of noteNovember 30 ( 200,000) 200,000

December 31 ( 300,000) ( 300,000)

Adjusted book balance 1,830,000 2,468,000 1,442,000 2,856,000

Bank balance 1,890,000 2,090,000 1,080,000 2,900,000

Outstanding checks

November 30 ( 180,000) ( 180,000)

December 31 592,000 ( 592,000)

Deposit in transit

November 30 80,000 ( 80,000)

December 31 498,000 498,000Check erroneously charged by bank

November 30 40,000 ( 40,000)

December 31 ( 50,000) 50,000

Adjusted bank balance 1,830,000 2,468,000 1,442,000 2,856,000

Adjusting entry:






48

Problem 4-20

Sept. 30 Receipts Disbursements Oct. 31

Book balance 1,900,000 1,400,000 2,400,000 900,000

NSF check:

September 30 ( 60,000) ( 60,000)

October 31 40,000 ( 40,000)Collection of accounts receivable

September 30 30,000 ( 30,000)

October 31 50,000 50,000

Overstatement of check

September 30 90,000 ( 90,000)

October 31 ________ ( 120,000) 120,000

Adjusted balance 1,960,000 1,330,000 2,260,000 1,030,000

Bank balance 2,100,000 1,200,000 2,500,000 800,000

Deposit in transit

September 30 130,000 ( 130,000)October 31 260,000 260,000

Outstanding checks

September 30 ( 270,000) ( 270,000)

October 31 30,000 (30,000)


Adjusting entries on October 31


Cash in bank 40,000



Salaries 120,000



49

Problem 4-21May 31 Receipts Disbursements June 30

Balance per book 2,500,000 5,300,000 5,400,000 2,400,000

Bank service charge:

May 31 ( 20,000) ( 20,000)

June 30 25,000 ( 25,000)

NSF check:June 30 200,000 ( 200,000)

Interest collected:

June 30 75,000 75,000

Book error:

June 30 _________ ( 300,000) 300,000


Balance per bank 2,700,000 5,500,000 5,600,000 2,600,000

Deposit in transit

May 31 625,000 ( 625,000)

June 30 500,000 500,000

Outstanding checks

May 31 ( 845,000) ( 845,000)

June 30 550,000 ( 550,000)


Adjusting entries on June 30:



Equipment 300,000


Accounts receivable 200,000Cash in bank 225,000



Bank charges ( 10,000)

Customer note collected by bank 1,500,000



Interest on customer note 60,000


Depositor’s note charged to account (1,000,000)


50




Total 2,200,000


Erroneous bank credit 300,000 700,000Adjusted bank balance 1,500,000

The adjusted cash in bank can also be computed by starting with the balance per book.


Add: Proceeds of note collected 750,000

Total 1,600,000

Less: NSF checks (150,000 – 50,000) 100,000




Note collected by bank 950,000

Book error (200,000 – 20,000) ( 180,000)


Bank service charge ( 20,000)





Problem 4-28 Answer D

Balance per ledger 3,750,000

Service charges ( 50,000)

Collection of note 1,500,000

Book error ( 100,000)

Unrecorded check for traveling expenses ( 500,000)





Deposit in transit 1,400,000

Total 7,600,000

Outstanding checks (squeeze) 3,000,000


51Problem 4-29 Answer B



Outstanding checks – May 31 3,000,000

Checks issued by depositor in June:

Total credits to cash in June 9,000,000Service charge in May recorded in June ( 100,000) 8,900,000

Total 11,900,000

Checks paid by bank in June:

Checks and charges by bank in June 8,000,000

Service charge in June ( 50,000)

NSF check in June (1,000,000) 6,950,000

Outstanding checks – June 30 4,950,000


Balance per book – June 30 2,100,000

Service charges ( 50,000)

Collection by bank 550,000



Balance per bank – June 30 2,400,000

Deposits outstanding – June 30 500,000

Checks outstanding – June 30 ( 400,000)


Outstanding checks – May 31 100,000

Checks recorded by book in June 2,500,000

Total 2,600,000

Less: Checks recorded by bank in June 2,200,000Outstanding checks – June 30 400,000

Deposits outstanding – May 31 300,000

Deposits recorded by book in June 1,800,000

Total 2,100,000

Less: Deposits recorded by bank in June 1,600,000

Deposits outstanding – June 30 500,000




Note collected 1,936,000

Book error (1,930,000 – 1,390,000) ( 540,000)


Service charge ( 47,000)Net debt to cash 509,000

52




Balance per bank – November 30 3,600,000

December deposits 5,500,000

Total 9,100,000

December disbursements (4,400,000)

Balance per bank – December 31 4,700,000

Deposit in transit – December 700,000

Outstanding checks – December ( 500,000)

Adjusted bank balance – December 31 4,900,000

Balance per book – December 31 (squeeze) 4,300,000

Note collected by bank 1,000,000


Service charge ( 50,000)



Bank disbursements for July 9,000,000

Outstanding checks – June 30 (1,400,000)

Outstanding checks – July 31 1,000,000

Book disbursements for July 8,600,000


Bank receipts for April 6,000,000Deposits in transit – March 31 (1,000,000)

Deposits in transit – April 30 1,500,000

Book receipts for April 6,500,000



53CHAPTER 5

Problem 5-1 Problem 5-2 Problem 5-3

1. D 6. A 1. A 6. A 1. D

2. D 7. B 2. C 7. D 2. B3. D 8. C 3. A 8. C 3. C

4. B 9. A 4. A 9. C 4. D

5. A 10. C 5. A 10. D 5. A

Problem 5-4

a. Accounts receivable 775,000


Installments receivable 300,000

Advances to suppliers 150,000

Advances to subsidiary 400,000


Subscriptions receivable 300,000


Customer’s credit balances 30,000

Advances from customers 20,000

Receivables 2,000,000

b. Accounts receivable 775,000



Installments receivable 300,000

Advances to suppliers 150,000


Subscription receivable 300,000Accrued interest receivable 10,000

Total trade and other receivables 1,600,000

c. The advances to subsidiary should be classified as noncurrent and presented as

long-term investment.

The customers’ credit balances and advances from customers should be classified as

current liabilities and included as part of “trade and other payables”.



Problem 5-5

a. Accounts receivable – January 1 600,000

Charge sales 6,000,000

Total 6,600,000

Less: Collections from customers 5,300,000Writeoff 35,000

Merchandise returns 40,000

Allowances to customers 25,000 5,400,000

Accounts receivable – December 31 1,200,000

54

b. Subscription receivable 150,000

Deposit on contract 120,000


Advances to employees 10,000

Advances to affiliated 100,000

Advances to supplier 50,000

Accounts receivable

490,000

c. Accounts receivable 1,200,000

Claim receivable

60,000

Advances to employees

10,000

Advances to supplier 50,000


d. The subscriptions receivable should be deducted from subscribed share capital.

The deposit on contract should be classified as noncurrent and presented as other

noncurrent asset.

The advances to affiliates should be classified as noncurrent and presented as long-

term investment.

Problem 5-6

Requirement 1

1. Accounts receivable 3,600,000

Sales 3,600,000

2. Notes receivable 400,000


3. Doubtful accounts 90,000

Allowance for doubtful accounts 90,000



4. Allowance for doubtful accounts 20,000


5. Sales return 15,000


6. Cash 2,450,000

Accounts receivable 2,450,000

7. Sales discount 45,000


8. Cash 150,000


55

Requirement 2


Requirement 3


Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts 70,000


Problem 5-7

FOB destination and freight collect


Freight out 10,000

Sales 500,000

Allowance for freight charge 10,000

2. Cash 475,000

Sales discount 15,000

Allowance for freight charge 10,000


FOB destination and freight prepaid


Freight out 10,000

Sales 500,000

Cash 10,000

2. Cash 485,000





FOB shipping point and freight collect


Sales 500,000

2. Cash 485,000



FOB shipping point and freight prepaid


Sales 500,000

Cash 10,000

562. Cash 495,000



Problem 5-8


Sales 4,000,000

2. Cash 1,470,000

Sales discount 30,000Accounts receivable 1,500,000

3. Cash 1,000,000





Allowance for sales return 40,000

Problem 5-9

Gross method Net method

July 1 Accounts receivable 50,000 July 1 Accounts receivable 49,000

Sales 50,000 Sales

49,000

2 Accounts receivable 200,000 2 Accounts receivable 196,000



Sales 200,000 Sales

196,000

12 Cash 196,000 12 Cash 196,000

Sales discount 4,000 Accounts receivable

196,000


30 Cash 50,000 30 Cash 50,000

Accounts receivable 50,000 Accounts receivable

49,000 Sales discount forfeited

1,000

Problem 5-10

a. Credit sales (75% x 5,000,000) 3,750,000

Doubtful accounts (2% x 3,750,000) 75,000

Doubtful accounts 75,000


b. Doubtful accounts (1% x 5,000,000) 50,000


57

c. Required allowance 80,000

Less: Credit balance of allowance 20,000

Doubtful accounts expense 60,000



d. Required allowance (10% x 500,000) 50,000

Less: Credit balance of allowance 20,000




Problem 5-11

a. Required allowance (5% x 600,000) 30,000

Add: Debit balance in allowance account 10,000




b. Required allowance 50,000

Add: Debit balance in allowance account 10,000






c. Doubtful accounts (2% x 1,900,000) 38,000


Problem 5-12

a. Doubtful accounts (3% x 8,000,000) 240,000


b. Doubtful accounts 170,000


Allowance – January 1 100,000

Doubtful accounts (squeeze) 170,000

Recovery 20,000

Total 290,000

Accounts written off 130,000Allowance – December 31 (8% x 2,000,000) 160,000

c. Doubtful accounts 210,000


58


Doubtful accounts (squeeze) 210,000

Recovery 20,000

Total 330,000

Accounts written off 130,000Allowance – December 31 200,000

Problem 5-13

Requirement a


Sales 7,000,000

2. Cash 2,450,000


Accounts receivable(2,450,000/98%) 2,500,000

3. Cash 3,900,000








Cash 10,000




Requirement b



Rate = 40,000/1,000,000 = 4%

Allowance for doubtful accounts – December 31 (4% x 1,500,000) 60,000

Less: Allowance before adjustment 20,000


Requirement c

Accounts receivable – December 31 1,500,000


Net realizable value 1,440,000

59

Problem 5-14

Requirement a

1. Cash 800,000


Sales (800,000/10%) 8,000,000

2. Cash 684,000

Sales discount (5% x 720,000) 36,000

Accounts receivable(10% x 7,200,000) 720,000

3. Cash 5,940,000


4. Sales discount 10,000Allowance for sales discount 10,000









Cash 10,000


7. Doubtful accounts 70,000Allowance for doubtful accounts 70,000

Required allowance – December 31 (5% x 2,400,000) 120,000

Less: Allowance before adjustment 50,000


Rate = 100,000/2,000,000 = 5%

Requirement b



Allowance for sales discount 10,000 130,000


60Problem 5-15

Requirement a


Sales (3,070,000 – 470,000) 2,600,000

2. Cash (2,455,000 – 1,455,000) 1,000,000


3. Cash 1,455,000


Accounts receivable (1,455,000/97%) 1,500,000



5. Cash 470,000

Sales 470,000

6. Sales return and allowances 55,000


7. Sales return and allowances 10,000

Cash 10,000





Cash 5,000




Credit sales 2,600,000

Less: Sales discount 45,000

Sales return and allowances 55,000 100,000

Net credit sales 2,500,000

Doubtful accounts (2,500,000 x 2%) 50,000

Requirement b




61Problem 5-16

1. Accounts receivable – Jan. 1 1,500,000 4,410,000/98% 4,500,000Sales 7,935,000

Recovery 15,000 2,475,000/99% 2,500,000

Collections (8,000,000)

Sales discount ( 115,000) Sales discount:

Writeoff ( 55,000) 2% x 4,500,000 90,000

Sales return ( 30,000) 1% x 2,500,000 25,000

Accounts receivable – Dec. 31 1,250,000 115,000

Problem 5-17Percent of Required

Amount Uncollectible allowance

1. Not yet due 1,700,000 - -

1 – 30 days past due 1,200,000 5% 60,00031 – 60 days past due 100,000 25% 25,000

61 – 90 days past due 150,000 50% 75,000

Over 90 days past due 1,200,000 100% 120,000

3,270,000 280,000

2. Allowance – January 1 170,000

Receivables 30,000

Doubtful accounts expense (squeeze) 345,000



Total 545,000

Less: Writeoff (235,000 + 30,000) 265,000

Required allowance – December 31 280,000




Problem 5-18

1. 1,000,000 x 1% 10,000 2. Allowance – January 1 90,000

400,000 x 5% 20,000 Recoveries 20,000

300,000 x 10% 30,000 Doubtful accounts (squeeze) 200,000

200,000 x 25% 50,000 Total 310,000

60,000 x 100% 60,000 Less: Writeoff (100,000 + 40,000) 140,000

1,960,000 170,000 Allowance – December 31 170,000



Correct amount 200,000

Recorded (2% x 9,000,000) 180,000

Understatement 20,000

4. Accounts receivable – December 31 1,960,000



62

Problem 5-19

2005 2006 2007 Total

1. Writeoff 26,000 29,000 30,000 85,000

Less: Recoveries 2,000 3,000 4,000 9,000

Net writeoff 24,000 26,000 26,000 76,000

76,000

Percentage to be used in computing the allowance = ------------------- = 2%

3,800,000

2. Credit sales for 2008 3,000,000

Multiply by bad debt percentage 2%

Provision for doubtful accounts 60,000

3. Accounts receivable – January 1, 2008 250,000

Add: Credit sales for 2008 3,000,000

Recoveries 5,000 3,005,000

Total 3,255,000

Less: Collections in 2008 2,615,000

Writeoff 40,000 2,655,000

Accounts receivable – December 31, 2008 600,000

4. Allowance for doubtful accounts – January 1 20,000



Add: Doubtful accounts for 2008 60,000

Recoveries 5,000 65,000

Total 85,000

Less: Writeoff 40,000

Allowance for doubtful accounts – December 31 45,000

Problem 5-20

1. Accounts receivable – December 31, 2007 600,000

Add: Sales for 2008 5,000,000

Recovery of accounts written off 10,000 5,010,000

Total 5,610,000

Less: Collection from customers 4,360,000

Accounts written off 50,000

Accounts settled by issuance of note 200,000 4,610,000

Accounts receivable – December 31, 2008 1,000,000

2. Allowance for doubtful accounts – December 31, 2007 30,000

Add: Recovery of accounts written off 10,000Total 40,000

Less: Accounts written off 50,000

Allowance before adjustment – December 31, 2008 (debit balance) (10,000)

63

3. Required allowance – December 31, 2008

On current accounts (700,000 x 5%) 35,000

On past due accounts (300,000 x 20%) 60,000Total 95,000

4. Required allowance – December 31, 2008 95,000

Add: Debit balance before adjustment 10,000

Increase in allowance 105,000



Problem 5-21170,000 – 10,000 258,000 – 20,000

Rate in 2007 = ------------------------ = .016 Rate in 2008 = -------------------------- = .017

10,000,000 14,000,000

1. Retained earnings (.016 x 1,250,000) 20,000


2. Allowance – January 1 20,000

Recoveries – 2008 10,000

Doubtful accounts – 2008 (squeeze) 92,000



Total 122,000

Less: Writeoff – 2008 88,000

Allowance – December 31 (.017 x 2,000,000) 34,000




Problem 5-22

1. Allowance – January 1, 2008 500,000

Doubtful accounts recorded (2% x 20,000,000) 400,000

Recovery 50,000

Total 950,000

Less: Writeoff (300,000 + 100,000) 400,000

Allowance balance before adjustment 550,000

2. 5,000,000 x 5% 250,000

2,000,000 x 10% 200,0001,000,000 x 25% 250,000

500,000 – 100,000 x 75% 300,000

Required allowance – December 31, 2008 1,000,000


Allowance for doubtful accounts (1,000,000 – 550,000) 450,000

64Problem 5-23

1. Allowance – 1/1/2008 (1% x 2,800,000) 28,000

2. Allowance – 1/1/2008 28,000

Doubtful accounts recorded in 2008 (1% x 3,000,000) 30,000

Recovery 7,000

Total 65,000

Writeoff (27,000)

Allowance before adjustment 38,000

3. 300,000 x 1% 3,000

80,000 x 5% 4,000

60,000 x 20% 12,000

25,000 x 80% 20,000Required allowance – 12/31/2008 39,000


Allowance for doubtful accounts (39,000 – 38,000) 1,000

Problem 5-24

2008



Jan. 1 Loan receivable 4,000,000

Cash 4,000,000

Cash 342,100

Unearned interest income 342,100

Unearned interest income 150,000Cash 150,000

Dec. 31 Cash 400,000




(10%) (12%)

Date Interest received Interest income Amortization Carrying value

01/01/2008 3,807,900

12/31/2008 400,000 456,948 56,948 3,864,848

12/31/2009 400,000 463,782 63,782 3,928,630

12/31/2010 400,000 471,370* 71,370 4,000,000

*12% x 3,928,630 equals 471,435, or a difference of P65 due to rounding.

2009

Dec. 31 Cash 400,000


652009

Dec. 31 Unearned interest income 63,782

Interest income 63,782 2010

Dec. 31 Cash 400,000




Cash 4,000,000

Loan receivable 4,000,000

Problem 5-25

2008

Jan. 1 Loan receivable 3,000,000

Cash 3,000,000

Direct origination cost 260,300

Cash 260,300

Cash 100,000




Dec. 31 Cash 240,000




(8%) (6%)

Date Interest received Interest income Amortization Carrying value

01/01/2008 3,160,300

12/31/2008 240,000 189,618 50,382 3,109,918

12/31/2009 240,000 186,595 53,405 3,056,513

12/31/2010 240,000 183,487 56,513 3,000,000

2009

Dec. 31 Cash 240,000




2010

Dec. 31 Cash 240,000


66

2010Dec. 31 Interest income 56,513


Cash 3,000,000


Problem 5-26

Requirement 1

December 31, 2009 (1,000,000 x .93) 900,000

December 31, 2010 (2,000,000 x .86) 1,720,000

December 31, 2011 (3,000,000 x .79) 2,370,000

Total present value of loan 5,020,000

Requirement 2

Loan receivable – 12/31/2008 6,000,000

Accrued interest (6,000,000 x 8%) 480,000

Total carrying value 6,480,000

Present value of loan 5,020,000



Impairment loss 1,460,000

Requirement 3

2008 Impairment loss 1,460,000


Allowance for loan impairment 980,000

2009 Cash 1,000,000



Interest income (8% x 5,020,000) 401,600

2010 Cash 2,000,000




Loan receivable – 12/31/2009 5,000,000

Allowance for loan impairment (980,000 – 401,600) ( 578,400)

Carrying value – 12/31/2009 4,421,600

Interest income for 2010 (8% x 4,421,600) 353,728

67

2011 Cash 3,000,000Loan receivable 3,000,000



Loan receivable – 12/31/2010 3,000,000

Allowance for loan impairment (578,400 – 353,672) ( 224,672)

Carrying value – 12/31/2010 2,775,328


Allowance per book 224,672

Difference due to rounding 2,646

Problem 5-27

Requirement 1

December 31, 2009 ( 500,000 x .89) 445,000

December 31, 2010 (1,000,000 x .80) 800,000

December 31, 2011 (2,000,000 x .71) 1,420,000

December 31, 2012 (4,000,000 x .64) 2,560,000



Total present value of loan 5,225,000

Requirement 2


Accrued interest receivable (12% x 7,500,000) 900,000

Total carrying value 8,400,000Present value of loan 5,225,000

Impairment loss 3,175,000

Requirement 3

2008 Impairment loss 3,175,000


Allowance for loan impairment 2,275,000

2009 Cash 500,000

Loan receivable 500,000


Interest income (12& x 5,225,000) 627,000

2010 Cash 1,000,000




68

Loan receivable – 12/31/2009 7,000,000

Allowance for loan impairment (2,275,000 – 627,000) (1,648,000)

Carrying value – 12/31/2009 5,352,000


Problem 5-28

December 31, 2011 ( 360,000 x .772) 277,920 Face value of loan 4,000,000

December 31, 2012 ( 360,000 x .708) 254,880 Present value of loan 3,365,360

December 31, 2013 ( 360,000 x .650) 234,000 Impairment loss 634,640

December 31, 2014 (4,360,000 x .596) 2,598,560Total present value of loan 3,365,360

2008 Cash 360,000


Impairment loss 634,640




2009 Allowance for loan impairment 302,882

Interest income (9% x 3,365,360) 302,882

2010 Allowance for loan impairment 331,758

Interest income (634,640 – 302,882) 331,758

2011 Cash 360,000Interest income 360,000

2012 Cash 360,000


2013 Cash 360,000


2014 Cash 4,360,000



Problem 5-29

12/31/2008 Impairment loss 338,500


The remaining term of the loan is 4 years. Accordingly, the present value

factor for 4 periods is used.

69Present value of principal (500,000 x .735) 367,500

Present value of interest (80,000 x 5 = 400,000 x .735) 294,000

Total present value of loan 661,500


Present value of loan 661,500

Loan impairment loss 338,500

12/31/2009 Allowance for loan impairment 52,920

Interest income (8% x 661,500) 52,920


Accounts receivable-January 1 1,300,000

Credit sales 5,500,000

Collections from customers (5,000,000)

Sales return ( 150,000)

Accounts written off ( 100,000)

Accounts receivable-December 31 1,550,000




Allowance for sales return ( 50,000)



Trade accounts receivable 2,000,000





Accounts receivable (squeeze) 6,700,000

Allowance for doubtful accounts (900,000 – 200,000) ( 700,000)





Recovery of accounts written off 100,000

Total 1,050,000


Allowance – December 31 600,000

70Problem 5-34 Answer D


Uncollectible accounts expense (squeeze) 100,000

Recovery of accounts written off 50,000

Total 430,000

Accounts written off (230,000)

Allowance – December 31 (2,700,000 – 2,500,000) 200,000




Total 230,000

Accounts written off (squeeze) 30,000





0 – 60 days (1,200,000 x 1%) 12,000

61 – 120 days (900,000 x 2%) 18,000

Over 120 days (1,000,000 x 6%) 60,000

Allowance – December 31, 2008 90,000


Uncollectible accounts expense (squeeze) 80,000Recovery 20,000

Total 160,000

Accounts written off ( 70,000)



Allowance for sales discount (5,000,000 x 2% x 50%) 50,000



Doubtful accounts expense (3% x 3,000,000 + 10,000) 100,000


Doubtful accounts expense (2% x 7,000,000) 140,000

71 Problem 5-41 Answer A


Doubtful accounts expense (4% x 5,000,000) 200,000

Collection of accounts written off 10,000

Total 250,000





Doubtful accounts expense (squeeze) 175,000

Total 425,000



finacctg1 chap1-5

Documents