fo|k hkkjrh iznhfidk

vk"kk<+ ls Hkknzin] foØeh laor~ 2076] ;qxkCn 5121

tqykbZ ls flrEcj 2019 o"kZ 39 vad 4 ewY; 35@&#

fo|k Hkkjrh iznhfidk

tqykbZ ls flrEcj 2019 vk"kk<+ ls Hkknzin] ;qxkCn 5121

fo|k Hkkjrh iznhfidk¼fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f’k{kk laLFkku dh =Sekfld if=dk½

tqykbZ ls flrEcj 2019 ewY; 35@&# + vk"kk<+ ls Hkknzin] foØeh laor~ 2076] ;qxkCn 5121

vuqØef.kdk

Pkk¡n ds ikj pyks ¼lEikndh;½ 4

f’k{kk dh gekjh ladYiuk MkW +eksgujko Hkkxor 5

Hkkjrh; f’k{kk dh nk’kZfud i``"BHkwfe MkW +f’ko dqekj ’kekZ 10

Hkkjr ds cusa vkSj Hkkjr dks cuk,¡ Jh riu dqekj 13

{kerk dk fodkl dSls djsa\ Jh vouh’k HkVukxj 21

d{kk esa ’kSf{kd ifj.kke &,d vuqHko Jh jktsUnz flag c?ksy 23

jk"Vª loksZifj Jh lat; ikaMs; 26

dkjfxy ;kn jgs ! Jh vkyksd xksLokeh 28

Hkkjrh; vafrj{k ds fo’ofo[;kr oSKkfud Jh fo".kq ’kekZ 31

fdruh eanh&fdruh fpUrk Jh v’ouh egktu 34

ns’k HkfDr o Kku dk vn~Hkqr [ktkuk Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjk Jh lanhi tks’kh 37

fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f’k{kk laLFkkudh dk;Zdkfj.kh cSBd fnYyh 40

i;kZoj.k laj{k.k o Hkkjrh; n``f"V Jh jfo dqekj 44

f’k{kk Lo:Ik] ljksdkj vkSjjk"Vªh; vkdka{kk Jh v#.k feJ 46

loZLonkuh HkkjrjRu ukuk th ns’keq[k Jh dkS’kys’k dqekj mik/;k; 48

The Reasearch of Moon is -‘Chandrayaan-2’ S.K. VATTA 50

Mr. Chaman lal ji -Great contributetor of RSS Raj Kumar Bhatia 54

“A Model School in Each District is our Priority” Interview Yatindra Kumar Pramod Kumar 56

Piyong Temjen Jamir Pankaj Sinha 61

ekxZn’kZd MkW + xksfoUn izlkn ’kekZJh Mh +jked``".k jkoJh fnyhi csrdsdj MkW +jek feJkMkW +johUnz dUgsjs

lEiknd Jherh lfork dqyJs"B

lEiknd e.MyJh jktsUnz flag c?ksyMkW +v#.k feJJh oklqnso iztkifrMkW + iou ’kekZ

laiknu lgk;d dkS’kys’k dqekj mik/;k; vkoj.k lTtk& ekfj;kIik ekfVZu

izdk’ku dk;kZy;izKk lnu] xks +yk ++=s +ljLorh cky eafnj ifjlj] egkRek xk¡/kh ekxZ] usg: uxj] ubZ fnYyh &110065Qksu u +011-29840126,29840013bZesy&[email protected]

lnL;rk ’kqYdokf"kZd ’kqYd& 120/&#-nl o"khZ; ’kqYd& 800/&#-

’kqYd jkf’k ^fo|k Hkkjrh iznhfidk* ds cpr [kkrk Ø- 1130307980 lsUVªy cSad vkWQ bf.M;k IFSC-CBIN0283940 czkap usg: uxj] ubZ fnYyh esa tek dj Ik= }kjk dk;kZy; dks lwfpr djsaA

eqnz.k& u{k= vkVZ ] ch&255] ukjk;.kk b.MLVªh;y ,fj;k] Qsl&1]ubZ fnYyh&110028 iznhfidk esa izdkf’kr fopkj jpukdkjksa ds gSa] if=dk dh lgefr vk’o;d ugha gSA

4



Pkk¡n ds ikj pyks

22 tqykbZ 2019 dks nksigj 2:45

cts pUnz;ku&2 ds yk¡p dk lekpkj ns[krs&ns[krs lÙkj ds n’kd esa vkbZ fQYe ikdhT+kk dk xhr ^^pyks fnynkj pyks] pk¡n ds ikj pyks** eu esa dkSa/k x;kA fdruk vn~~Hkqr lehdj.k] dfo dYiuk djrk gS vkSj oSKkfud lkdkj djrk gSA ;w¡ rks l``f"V ds izkjEHk ls ekuoh; ftKklk vR;ar izcy jgh gSA mlh ftKklk us euq"; dks vius ikl vn~~Hkqr vdYiuh; lR; ds mn~~?kkVu dh izsj.kk nh gSA bl l``f"V dk izR;sd tho Lo;eso lh[kus dh izfØ;k es layXu jgk gSA ;|fi i’kqvksa ds fy, dHkh vkSipkfjd O;oLFkk ugha jgh ijUrq bZ’oj dh jpuk dh egkure d``fr ekuo vius efLr"d dk Ik;kZIr mi;ksx djrs gq, Lo;a dks taxyh thou ls bl vk/kqfudre lH;rk o rduhdh lalkj rd igq¡pk;k gSA

;g i``Foh tks lcdh Fkh mldks viuh&viuh #fp] vko’;drk vkSj thou ;kiu iz.kkyh ds vuqlkj HkkSxksfyd :Ik ls ck¡V fy;kA }hi cus] ’kgj cus] ns’k cusA viuk&rsjk] la?k"kZ vkSj lek/kku( bl izdkj fofHkUu lH;rkvksa dks tUe gqvkA

Lkh[kus dh izfØ;k bruh izcy gksrh xbZ fd ekuo ds thou eas fparu&eaFku vkSj lksp&fopkj us fo’ks"k txg ys yhA vius&vius HkkSxksfyd LFkkukuqlkj f’k{kk vkSj mldh O;oLFkk ij fparu&eaFku gqvkA vius&vius Hkkx esa vuq’kklu] fu;e] fof/k&fo/kku ij fopkj gqvkA f’k{kk iz.kkyh dk tUe gqvk ijUrq ekSfyd izo``fÙk]

Li/kkZ&bZ";kZ us euq"; dks ugha NksM+kA ;fn ;g la?k"kZ dgha vkSj yM+kbZ&>xM+s dk dkj.k cuk rks blus izfr;ksfxrkvksa dks Hkh tUe fn;kA ,d nwljs ls lh[kus] fl[kkus o lg;ksx dh Hkkouk vkbZA izR;sd lekt ij mldh tyok;q] HkkSxksfyd okrkoj.k dk Hkh O;kid izHkko jgrk gS vr% blds dkj.k vyx&vyx laLd``fr;ksa dk Hkh TkUe gqvkA

Hkkjr eas f’k{kk dk vFkZ dsoy lh[kus dh izfØ;k ls gh ugha gS vfirq viuh lukru ijEijk o /kjrh ls Åij czãkaM dks tkuus ds fy, vkrqj ftKklk jgh gSA vr% Hkkjrh; f’k{kk&n’kZUk v/;kfREkd miyfC/k rd igq¡pus dh izsj.kk nsrk jgk gSA gekjs _f"k&eqfu;ksa us lnk ,dkUr o ’kkUr LFkku esa vKkr dh [kkst esa viuk thou yxk fn;k vkSj gekjs Kku ds izdkf’kr lcwr osnksa] mifu"knksa rFkk iqjk.kksa ds :Ik esa gekjs le{k gSA vius xzaFkksa dk vè;;u djus ij gesa Kkr gksrk gS fd gekjs ns’k dk izR;sd deZ /kekZ/kkfjr gksus dh vksj bafxr djrk gSA vFkkZr~ HkkSfrdokn gekjh ijEijk ugha jgh cfYd gekjh f’k{kk dk iz;kstu /keZ jgk gSA

le; ds lkFk&lkFk tSls vU; ifjorZu gksrs jgrs gSa og gesa ladsr djrs gSa fd gekjh f’k{kk i)fr esa Hkh vko’;drkuqlkj ifjorZu gksuk pkfg, ijUrq vius ewyHkwr fl)kUrksa dh lqj{kk dks è;ku eas j[kdjA vr% gesa KkuktZu eas lEiw.kZ l``f"V ls rknkRE; LFkkfir djus dh lh[k feyrh jgh gSA blhfy, geus lnk lcds fgr dh ckr dgh] tc geusa

vius ls vf/kd fodflr ns’kksa dks varfj{k esa [kkst djrs ns[kkA :l vkSj vesfjdk dh PkUnz ;k=kvksa dk lekpkj tkuk rks gekjs HkkHkk vkSj lkjkHkkbZ tSls oSKkfudksa us ,M+h&pksVh dk tksj yxk dj Hkkjr dks bl ÅpkbZ rd igq¡pk;k fd ge Hkh pUnz;k=k ds fy, mRlqd gq, vkSj vc PkUnzk;u&2 dh lgk;rk ls bl LoIu dks lgt gh 7 flrEcj 2019 rd lkdkj dj fy;kA

viuh dgkor ds vuqlkj ^ftruh pknj mrus gh iSj ilkjks* dks è;ku eas j[kdj ferO;;rk ls geus bl vfHk;ku dks lQy cuk;k gS vkSj Hkkjr dh ijEijk] fLFkfr] laLd``fr dks lEeku nsrs gq, ge fujarj czãkaM dh [kkst eas [kkst esa vkxs c<+s ,slh esjh bZ’oj ls izkFkZuk gSA vHkh rks pk¡n ij dne j[ksaxs mldh tkudkjh ysaxs ijUrq bruk gh Ik;kZIr ugha pk¡n ds vkxs Hkh varfj{k gSA lEiw.kZ czãkaM [kkstuk gS cgqr dke ckdh gS tks gesa viuh {kerk ds vuqlkj fujarj iz;ksx djrs gq, vius ns’k dh vfLerk dks v{kq..k j[k dj djus gSaA blds fy, f’k{kk dks fujUrj ifjorZu ls xqt+juk gksxk ijUrq blds fy, vius vk/kkjHkwr fl)kUrksa dh cfy u Pk<s+ bl ij ut+j j[kuh gksxh A izlkn dh iafDr;k¡ fuR; izsj.kk cudj gekjs lkFk gSa

bl iFk dk mís’; ugha ’kkar Hkou esa fVd jguk AfdUrq igq¡puk ml lhek rd ftlds vkxs jkg ughaAA

vr% pk¡n ds ikj gh tkuk gksxk A

& lEiknd

lEikndh;

5



f’k{kk dh gekjh ladYiuk

vki lHkh f’k{kk ds {ks= esa dk;Zjr yksxksa ds le{k ̂ f’k{kk gekjh ladYiuk* bl fo"k; ij ppkZ djuk esjs fy, tjk dfBu dk;Z gSA f’k{kk dk ;g fo"k; lHkh euq";ksa ls lEcfU/kr gSA ladYiuk ls lEcfU/kr dqN ewyHkwr ckrs gSa tks vè;;u djus okyksa dks irk gh gSa] ysfdu tks vè;;u ugha djrs mUgsa thouμvuqHko ls irk pyrk gSA

i’kqvksa dh f’k{kk euq";kas dks nh tkus okyh f’k{kk tSlh ugha gksrh D;ksafd i’kq esa fopkj ugha gSA tUe ysus ds ckn i’kqvksa dks ejrs ne rd thuk gS vkSj thus ds fy, etcwju tks&tks lh[kuk iM+rk gS og i’kq lh[krk gh gSA i’kq dks euq";kas tSlh f’k{kk nsus dk iz;kl gksrk gS rc fQj muesa fod`fr vkrh gS] og ldZl dk i’kq curk gSA ,sls iz;ksx Hkh gq, gSaA taxy ds flag vkfn ?kj esa ikys x, vkSj cM+s gksus ds ckn dkuwu ds rgr mUgas taxy esa NksM+us dh ckr vkbZ rc ik;k x;k fd og taxy esa thus ds yk;d ugha jgsA f’k{kk nsus dk mYVk ifj.kke ogk¡ ij gksrk gSA tks f’k{kk ysuh gS og i’kq Lor%LQwfrZ ls ysrs gSa D;ksafd mudks dsoy thuk gSA vkgkj] funzk] Hk;] eSFkqu blesa i’kqvksa dh dgkuh lekIr( muds thou esa vkSj dqN ugha gksrkA fopkj ugha gS] blfy, thou esa dqN djuk gS ,slh bPNk muds eu esa txrh gh ughaA euq"; ,slk ugha gSA euq"; dks blds vfrfjDr thou esa cgqr dqN

djuk gksrk gS] djus dh bPNk mlesa gksrh gS vkSj l`f"V esa fopkj djus okyk lcls cqf}eku izk.kh gksus ds ukrs lkjh l`f"V ls lh[kuk mldk nkf;Ro curk gSA D;ksafd vxj og ugha lh[kk rks tks ugha lh[kuk pkfg, og lh[ksxkA i’kq rks i’kqRo ds /kjkry ij vkdj #d tk,xk] mlds vkxs ugha tk,xk ijUrq euq"; ogk¡ #dsxk ughaA lh[ksxk ugha rks] i’kq cuk jgsxk ;k mlls Hkh cnrj gks tk,xkA tM+ Hkh cu ldrk gS] fgald i’kq ds leku Hkh cu ldrk gS vFkok jk{kl izo`fÙk mlesa vk ldrh gSA blfy, euq"; dk mUu;u gks mldk thou Lrj okLro esa euq"; thou okyk gks] blfy, f’k{kk vko’;d gSA gj O;fDr ds fy, f’k{kk dh vko’;drk gksrh gS] blfy, f’k{kk dk fparu lukru gSA vkt ;g fparu ge igyh ckj dj jgs gSa ,slh ckr ugha gS] tc ls euq"; nks iSjksa ij pyus yxk rc ls mlus lkspuk] lh[kuk izkjEHk fd;k vkSj lh[krs&lh[krs ;gk¡ rd vk x;kA lh[kus ls lksp c<+rh gS vkSj lkspus ls lh[kuk c<+rk gSA lksprs&lksprs euq"; lh[kus yxk gS] lh[krs&lh[krs lkspus yxkA bl izdkj lukru dky ls f’k{kk dk fparu py jgk gSA

lkr la?k"kZ

lkekU; :i ls vkt tks ifjfLFkfr gS oks euq"; ds dkj.k cuh gS] mlds ckjs esa ;wusLdks dh ,d fjiksVZ izdkf’kr gqbZ gSA eq>s mlesa ,d mnkgj.k feyk] mlesa dgk

ekxZn’kZu

¼ijeiwT;uh; ljla?kpkyd ekuuh; MkW- eksgu Hkkxor th

}kjk fn, x, Hkk"k.k dk ladfyrA½

6



x;k gS vkt ds euq"; ds thou esa lkr izdkj ds la?k"kZ gSa] ftlls og lkr izdkj ds ruko eas thrk gSA igyk la?k"kZ gS&

oSf’od cuke LFkkfud

nksukas dk esy ugha gS] nksukas rjQ [khparku py jgh gSA LFkkuh; yksx vius ckjs esa lksprs gSa vkSj oSf’od fparu dh rjQ è;ku ugha nsrsA oSf’od fparu vkSj LFkkuh; fparu ,d lkFk nksukas ugha py ldrs] blfy, vkil esa ruko gSA ,sls gh oSf’od fgr dh dYiuk vkSj O;fDrxr fgr dh dYiuk esa la?k"kZ gSA ,d O;fDr dks lq[kh gksuk gksrk gS rks fo’o ds fgr dh cfy nsuh gksrh gSA fo’o dks lq[kh gksuk gS rks euq"; dks vius fgr dks nckuk iM+sxk ,slk ekudj nqfu;k py jgh gSA blfy, ogk¡ Hkh la?k"kZ gSA ijEijk ls tks pyrk vk;k gS vkSj vk/kqfud tks dgk tkrk gS muesa fojks/k gSA ,d nwljs ds lkFk ugha py ldrsA

euq"; ds LoHkko esa ijEijk dk fgLlk Hkh gS tks mlls vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkFk gh euq"; dh pkg vk/kqfudrk dh vksj jgrh gS og mlls Hkh vyx ugha gks ldrkA bu nksukas dk la?k"kZ gh mldk ruko gSA nwjn`f"V vkSj rkRdkfyd n`f"V nksukas ,d lkFk ugha py ldrhA rkRdkfyd eksg ls nwj dk ?kkr gksrk gS vkSj nwjn`f"V ls gkFk esa lq[k ugha yxrk] blfy, ruko gSA

Li/kkZ dk la?k"kZ% Li/kkZ gS nqfu;k esa ysfdu lerk dh vkokt Hkh mB jgh gS] ijUrq nksukas dk esy ugha gSA lerk ykus dk iz;kl gksrk gS rks Li/kkZ fu#Rlkfgr gksrh gSA Li/kkZ dks izksRlkgu nsrs gSa rks lerk dk rÙo ekj [kkrk gS] blfy,

la?k"kZ py jgs gSaA Kku c<+ jgk gS] yksx dgrs gSa fd Kku dk foLQksV gks jgk gS] ijUrq mls ipkus ds fy, rkdr u gksus ds dkj.k euq"; dk thou lq[kh gksus ds ctk; vf/kd nq%[kh cu jgk gSA ûkWyst ,DlIykstu* gS ysfdu ûkWyst ,flfeys’ku* ugha gSA Kku dks ipkus esa vxj ge oDr yxk,¡xs rks Kku izkIr djus dh xfr de gks tk,xhA bu nksuksa esa fojks/k gSA

v/;kRe vkSj HkkSfrdokn dk la?k"kZ%

fn[kus okyh tks nqfu;k gS mldk vkuUn ;k miHkksx izkIr djsa rks fQj bl laLkkj ls ijs dqN vfLRkRo gS bldk foLej.k gks tkrk gS] thou nq%[kh gks tkrk gSA mldh [kkst esa yxks rks nqfu;k dk lq[k NksM+uk iM+rk gSA bu nksukas dk tks la?k"kZ gS og Hkh euq"; dks nq%[kh cukrk gSA ,sls lkr ruko vkt nqfu;k esa gSaA nqfu;k esa fodkl rks cgqr gqvk] Kku rks cgqr c<+k] ysfdu lek/ku ugha feykA D;k bl ;k=k esa euq"; vkt Lo;a gh vius gkFkksa ls l`f"V vkSj Lo;a dk fouk’k dj ysxk\ ;s Hkh iz’u ckj&ckj fpardksa ds eu esa mB jgs gaSA rks brus fnukas esa euq"; us D;k lh[kk\

euq"; ds thou dh rjQ ns[krs gSa rks xk¡/kh th us tks lkr iki crk, gSa vkt pkjksa vksj dh ifjfLFkfr esa mUgha dk izknqHkkZo gesa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA jktuhfr rÙoghu gSA lEifÙk fcuk ifjJe ds bDV~Bk djus dk iz;kl py jgk gSA dke djus okys etnwj gksrs gSa ekfyd ughaA fcuk ifjJe dh lEifÙk ls lq[k gS ysfdu foods ugha gSA lq[kksa dk vfoosdh Hkksx A Kku ftlds ikl gS] pfj= dk mlds ikl

vHkko lk gSA O;kikj pyrk gS] mlesa uhfr ughaA foKku gS] ysfdu mlesa ekuork dk Li’kZ ughaA iwtk R;kx ds fcuk gks jgh gSA thou esa R;kx dk vHkko gSA euq"; ,slk vkt cu x;k gSA blfy, f’k{kk dk fparu lukru gS A vkt geus tks vk;kstu fd;k gS le;kuqdwy leL;kvksa dks ysdj le;kuqdwy fparu f’k{kk iðfr ds ckjs esa ;g le;ksfpr gSA

izpfyr f’k{kk iðfr

vkt nqfu;k esa tks izpfyr f’k{kk iðfr gS mlesa ekuo fn[kus fy, rks izxfr dj jgk gS] ysfdu nwljh vksj fouk’k ds dxkj ij igq¡p x;k gSA fouk’k dks Vkyus ds fy, f’k{kk ekuo dks dSls nsa \ izpfyr f’k{kk iðfr;ksa esa gekjh ijEijk ij vk/kkfjr f’k{kk vf/kd`r :i ls nh tk jgh gS ,slk ugha gS vkSj nqfu;k ds fpard ,slk ekurs gSa fd Hkkjr dh ijEijk esa vkidks vkt dh leL;kvkas dk mÙkj feysxkA ,d Ýsap fo}ku~ gaS fy[kk fd ;s lkjh tks fouk’kyhyk py jgh gS mls Vkyus dk ,d gh mik; gS& ^ûSfrd ljksdkjkas ds izfr tkx:drk gksuh pkfg,] vkè;kfRedrk gksuh pkfg, vkSj uhfriw.kZ thou gksuk pkfg,A** os vkxs dgrs gSa fd ^^;s rhuksa ,d lkFk Hkkjr ds ikl gh feysaxsA blfy, lkjh nqfu;k dks Hkkjr ls f’k{kk ysuh pkfg,A** ijUrq Hkkjr eas tks f’k{kk py jgh gS og bl rjg ls py jgh gS D;k\ n`’; rks foijhr gSA ge ’kh?kz] vfr’kh?kz viuh ijEijk dh f’k{kk ls nwj gksdj ekuo lekt esa ruko] leL;k,¡ iSnk djus okyh f’k{kk iðfr dks viukus dh ps"Vk dj jgs gSaA blfy, gesa ;g lkspuk iM+sxk fd ge viuh f’k{kk dks

7



u NksM+s vfirq mls ykxw djsaA

nqfu;k esa ,slh f’k{kk dk mnkgj.k j[ksa tks ekuo ds fodkl dks lk/ksxh vkSj l`f"V dks fouk’k ls cpk,xhA

f’k{kk iðfr

tc eSa dgrk gw¡ rc mlds foLrkj esa eSa ugha tk jgk gw¡A ysfdu f’k{kk iðfr esa fo"k; esa dbZ ckj eSaus ppkZ lquh] T;knk ppkZ bl ckr ij gqbZ fd nl Iyl nks Iyl rhu ;k vkB Iyl nks Iyl nks j[kuk vFkok lkr Iyl ik¡p j[kukA dsoy [kkdk cnyus ls f’k{kk esa cnyko ls ckr ugha cusxhA [kkdk dqN Hkh j[kks] f’k{kk tks feyrh gS og f’k{kk nsus ds ihNs tks n`f"V gksrh gS oks mlls feyrh gS D;ksafd euq"; fl[kk, dqN Hkh] mldks lqudj yksx ugha lh[krs] mldks ns[k dj yksx lh[krs gSaA euq"; eq¡g ls ckr dqN Hkh djs] djsxk ogh ftl ij mlus viuh vknr dks <kyk gS vkSj vknr curh gS euq"; ds vius fopkjHkwfe lsA

thou n`f"V f’k{kk dk vk/kkj

fopkjksa dh i`"BHkwfe D;k gS\ mlesa tc rdZ vkSj QdZ ugha djrs] ewy ladYiuk dks gh u, fljs ls ugha lksprs rc rd f’k{kk esa visf{kr ifjorZu vkuk lEHko ugha gSA f’k{kk euq"; ds eu esa iz’u tkxus ls ’kq: gqbZA euq"; ds eu esa ewyHkwr iz’u cgqr fnukas ls py jgs Fks euq"; vkSj l`f"V dk Lo:i D;k gS\ mldk vkil eas lEcU/k D;k gS\ vkSj mldk i;Zolku D;k gksus okyk gS\ blds lEcU/k esa tks n`f"V dk varj jgk mlds dkj.k gh f’k{kk dh dYiukvksa esa varj vkrk gSA ,d n`f"V izpfyr gS euq"; vkSj

l`f"V dk LOk:i tM+ ekurh gSA ,slk D;ksa gS bl ij tkvks er] D;ksafd og lgt ,d la;ksx gSA ijek.kq Fks] mlesa dksbZ ,d gh ckslksu vk x;k mlus mldks oLrqeku ns fn;k] xfr fey xbZ vkSj mlds la;ksx fo;ksx tks cus mlds pyrs euq"; uke dk fopkj’khy izk.kh mRiUu gks x;k] mldk fopkj djuk Hkh d.kksa dh izfØ;k gS] vkil eas Vdjkus dh] vkil eas tqM+us dh vkSj vyx gksus dhA furkar tM+ izfØ;k gS] blds gksus dk vFkZ gh ugha rc blds lekIr gkus dk vFkZ Hkh ughaA blfy, tc rd og gS rc rd ft;ks vkSj lq[k ls ft;ksA thou dk iz;kstu gS lq[k ls thuk] ftruk thou ft;s mrus le; rd lq[k ls ft;sA i’kq ds thou dh izsj.kk Hkh ,slh gh jgrh gSA e`R;q tc rd xnZu idM+dj mldks yhy u tk, rc rd og thus dk iz;kl djrk gSA vkgkj] funzk] Hk;] eSFkqu mlh ds fy, thou gS vkSj fdlh ls iz;kstu dqN Hkh ughaA ,sls esa f’k{kk dk iz;kstu D;k gS\ thou ds la?k"kZ esa [kjk mrjs vkSj cus rd igyk cu tk,] jsl esa lcls vkxs nkSM+s] ge dgrs gSa fd gekjk thou dqN vyx gSA ysfdu okLro esa vyx D;k gS\ vyx dqN Hkh ugha gSA gk¡] tjk T;knk {kerk gksus ds dkj.k ge fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds miHkksx pkgrs gSaA i’kq mUgha pkj ewyHkwr miHkksxksa ij fuHkZj djrk gS mlls vyx mldh dksbZ pkg ugha gSA ijUrq gedks pkg gS blfy, r`".kk gSA viuh nkSM+ pyrh jgrh gS] thouHkj ge nkSM+rs jgrs gSaA

gekjh n`f"V

vkt dh ih<+h ds ckjs ge dgrs gSa] ih<+h rks Bhd gS mlesa xM+cM+ ugha

gSA ysfdu vkt mldks tks n`f"V nh tk jgh gS f’k{kk esa vkSj ?kj esa Hkh fd HkkbZ T;knk dekvks] T;knk ls T;knk nkSM+uk gS rqedks] lcls vkxs jguk gS rqedksA D;ksa\ vius lq[k ds fy,] mlds lq[k ds fy,A ;g ijEijk pyh rks l`f"V fouk’k ds dxkj ij vk xbZA D;ksafd ruko mRiUu gks x,] lEcU/k dqN ughaA lkFk pyus dh ,d gh ’krZ gS gekjk lkSnk iwjk djksA blfy, ruko vkSj la?k"kZ vius vki vk x;kA ljokboy vkWQ n fQVsLV! ;kfu fQVsLV ,fuey cuksA ysfdu ,fuey gh jgksA gekjs ;gk¡ dgk x;k gS fd ^^vkgkj] funzk] Hk;] eSFkquap] lkekU;esrr~ i’kqfHkZujk.kke~A** euq"; dks thuk gS rks ;g pkfg,] ysfdu vkxs dgk x;k gS ^/keksZ fg rs"kka vf/kdks fo’ks"k%] /kesZ.k ghuk% i’kqfHk% lekuk%A* geus l`f"V esa tks lkjh vyx&vyx phtsa gSa mldks tksM+us okyk rRo [kkstkA euq"; ds ’kjhj] eu vkSj nsg dks tksM+us okyh geus vkRek [kksthA vuqHko fd;k] cuk;k ughaA og vkRek bu rhuksa dks lefUor :i ls pykrk gSA

geus eu";] lewg vkSj l`f"V dks tksM+us okyk ijekRek ns[kk vkSj dgk fd vkRek mlh dk va’k gSA ijekRek ds dkj.k gh lkjh nqfu;k tqM+h gqbZ gSA blfy, vFkZ] dke dh miyfC/k }kjk rqe vius i’kq ln`’; Hkkoksa dks r`Ir djus dk iz;kl djks] ysfdu è;ku jgs fd rqe lc ijekREkk ds vax gksA blfy, ml pDdj esa ckdh fouk’k u gks] lcdk fodkl rqEgkjs lkFk gksA blfy, vFkZ] dke] eks{k rhuksa ckrksa dks tksM+us okyk ,d /keZ gS ml ij pyksA euq"; vdsys jksVh [kkdj

8



ugha jg ldrk] lcdks ekyqe gS nqfu;k esaA ,slk ugha gS fd nqfu;k esa eqfDr dh dYiuk ugha gSA nqfu;k esa loZ= eqfDr dh dYiuk gSA ysfdu vFkZ] dke vkSj eqfDr bu rhuksa dk esy dSls djsaA gekjs ;gk¡ dgk x;k gS fd /keZ ls lc izkIr gksrk gS ^/kekZr~ vFkZ’p dke’p l/keZa fd Uk lsO;rsA* vki fdruk Hkh Kku izkIr dj ysa] eks{k dk Kku Hkh izkIr dj ysa] ysfdu /keZ dk Kku izkIr ugha djksxs rks vkidks oks ’kk’or lq[k ugha feysxkA

/keZ % f’k{kk dk iz;kstu

f’k{kk dk iz;kstu /keZ gSA f’kf{kr O;fDr /kkj.k djus okyk cusA /kkj.k djus okys ’kkL= dks tkuus okyk cus] tks fxjus ugha nsrk lcdks bDV~Bk j[krk gS vkSj mUur djrk gSA /kj.kk /keZ ls gksrh gS] ftlls bgyksd esa vkSj ijyksd esa nksukas vksj lq[k dh izkfIr gksrh gSA ^^;rks vH;qn; fuJs;l l% flfð%** tks izR;sd oLrq ds LoHkko dks le>dj] l`f"V dks pykus esa lcds drZO; dks fu/kkZfjr djrk gS ml /keZ dk Kku f’k{kk ls feysA ekuo rks vkSipkfjd f’k{kk izkjEHk gksus ds igys bfrgkl ds izkphu dky esa Hkh jgrk FkkA lewg cukdj jgrk Fkk] Vksfy;k¡ cukdj jgrk Fkk vkSj thou thrk FkkA f’kdkj djuk lh[k fy;k FkkA ysfdu vkt nqfu;k Hkj esa vkSj gedks ;gk¡ ij f’k{kk iðfr ij fparu djus dh t:jr D;ksa iM+h\] blfy, fd euq"; dk thou euq"; tSlk gksuk pkfg, vkSj ;g l`f"V dk thou pyuk pkfg,A ;g /keZ dk iz;kstu gSA /keZ lcdks tksM+rk gS] bl fopkj ds dkj.k gekjs ;gk¡ dksbZ leL;k vuqÙkfjr ugha jghA gekjs ;gk¡ tM+ vkSj

psru blesa dksbZ ruko ugha gSA gekjs ;gk¡ dgk x;k gS vkfLrd cqfð j[kks] Kku vkSj foKku nksukas dks tksM+us ls ;s rhu xq.k ,d O;fDr esa vko’;d gSA ^^Kkue~ foKkue~ vkfLRkD;e~A** gekjs ;gk¡ dgk x;k gS fd vfo|k ls e`R;q dks rj tkvks vkSj fo|k ls ve`r dh izkfIr dj yksA ^^vfo|;k e`R;qa rhokZa fo|;k·e`re’uqrsA** ,d rjQ er >qdks D;kasfd ;g lc tqM+k gqvk gSA isV Hkh Hkjuk pkfg,] ’kjhj dh vko’;drk Hkh iwjh gksuh pkfg, vkSj nwljh rjQ nqfu;k Hkh pyuh pkfg,] blhfy, ijksidkjh Hkh cuuk gSA ;g lexz Kku dh ,dkRe n`f"V gh gekjh fo’ks"krk gSA blds vk/kj ij f’k{kk ds ckjs esa lkjh ckrsa geus izkphu le; ls fu/kkZfjr djds j[kh gSaA f’k{kk dk iz;kstu D;k gS\ fQVsLV ,fuey cuuk] ;g ugha gSA gekjs ;gk¡ dgk x;k gS fd izR;sd O;fDr bl nqfu;k esa lR; gSA lkjh nqfu;k tqM+h gSA fofo/krk esa ,drk gS vkSj ogha eSa gw¡A esjk Hkh okLrfod Lo:i og gSA vius Lo:i ds lR; esa iDdh /kj.kk cukdj ge lR; ij [kM+s jgsa vkSj mlds vk/kj ij ij ml Lo:i ds ra= esa pysa] fdlh ds xqyke ugha jgsaA ftíq d`".kewfrZ dgrs Fks fd euq"; ek= ds thou esa okLrfod Lora=rk ykuk ;s esjk è;s; gSA mUgksaus viuk thou bl dk;Z esa yxk fn;kA okLrfod Lora=rk D;k gS\ euq"; vius ra= ij vius Lo:i esa vofLFkr gksdj pysaA eqfDr dSls feysxh rks fo|k }kjk ^^lk fo|k ;k foeqDr;s**A

euq"; ek= dks ca/kuksa ls tks eqDr djrh gS og fo|k gSA blfy, f’k{kk D;k gS\ ^vlrks ek ln~xe;] relks ek T;ksfrxZe;] e`R;ksekZ ve`ra xe;A* ;kfu blls ge vlR; ls lR; dh vksj vkSj

e`R;q ls vejRo dh vksj izLFkku djrs gSaA lR; dks tkuus ds fy, vlr~ ls xqtjuk iM+rk gS] ijes’oj dks ikuk gS rks txr ls xqtjks] ek;k feysxh] fEkF;k feysxh bu lc ls xqtjuk iM+sxkA rel~ gS] mldks Hksn dj izdk’k dks ikuk gksxk rc e`R;q ds ikj tkdj rqe vejrk dks ik yksxs( ;gh f’k{kk gSA f’k{kk esa vius vanj ,d rÙo gS tks lcdks tksM+rk gS] tks drkZ gS] tks HkrkZ gS] /krkZ gS vkSj tc izlax vkrk gS rc uk’k Hkh djrk gS] grkZ Hkh gSA oks rqe cuksA rqe og gks] rqe og cu tkvksA rqe Hkze esa gks] oSlk ugha py jgs gks] oSlk pyksA ,slk euq"; dks izHkqrk nsus okyh] euq"; dks fufeZfr dh {kerk nsus okyh mldks dgk tkrk gS f’k{kkA blfy, gekjs ;gk¡ f’k{kk dh iðfr esa igyh ckr dgk xbZ gS&^iz;ksx rks djks* f’k{kk nks izdkj dh gks xbZ] tks ns[k jgs gks mldh f’k{kk vkSj ns[kus ls tks ijs gS mldh f’k{kkA blfy, iz;ksx rks djuk gh gksxkA tM+ dks Hkh le>uk gksxk] mldks Hkh tkuuk gksxkA

Jðk

iz;ksx Jðk ds lkFk djuk pkfg,A Jðk dgus ls eu esa va/kJðk vk tkrh gSA fdUrq Jðk vkSj va/kJðk esa dksbZ lEcU/k ugha gSA [kwc ij[kks] ysfdu fo’okliwoZd ij[kksA gj ckj [kwc iz’u djks] fdlh ls Hkh] vius d{kk d{k esa f’k{kd ij Hkh fo’okl er djks eSaus ,d v¡xzsth esa ys[k i<+k gS fd f’k{kk iðfr dkSu lh vPNh\ tks dgrh gS fd ;s tks f’k{kd vk;k gS u] vkt Dykl ysus ds fy,] fl[kkus ds fy, oks gedks Bxus okyk gSA mldks ge nl loky djsaxsA mnkgj.k fn;k&,d f’k{kd vk;k gS Dykl:e esaA mlus iwNk T;wykWth

9



dh Dykl gks xbZ vkidh\ gk¡] gks xbZ] rks cksjxSVks&lkjl uke dk ,d i’kq gS mldk uke lquk gS D;k vkius\ dkSu crk ldrk gS\ rks fdlh dks ekywe ugha FkkA blfy, fQj mlus dgk rks fQj lc dgks gedks ;s ekywe ughaA mlus dgk ,slk dHkh er djuk D;ksafd cksjxSVks&lWkjl uke dk izk.kh gh ugha gSA è;ku j[kks rqedks tks fl[kkus okyk vkrk gS u] oks rqedks >wB i<+kus okyk gS ,slk ekudj mlls rqe iz’u djksA rqe esa ls ,d Hkh [kM+k gksrk gS vkSj dgrk gS fd geesa ls fdlh ,d us Hkh ;s uke lquk ugha] vki dgk¡ ls yk,\ rks eq>s vkuan gksrkA iz’u djksA vki ;g uke dgk¡ ls yk;s\ ;g Hkh iwNks ^ysfdu crkus okyk Hkjksls dk O;fDr gS ,slk ekudj iwNksA Lokeh foosdkuan jked`".k ijegal ds ;gk¡ x, vkSj mUgksaus iwNk D;k Hkxoku~ dks vkius ns[kk gS\ mudks Hkh ;g lkjs rdZ ekywe FksA oks Lo;a dgrs gSa fd ml le; rd mudk Hkh fo’okl ugha Fkk D;ksafd u ns[kk gqvk crkus okys cgqr feysA ns[kk gqvk crkus okyk dksbZ ugha feykA lkjs izek.k rks blds f[kykQ gSa vkSj blfy, jked`".k ijegal tc crkus yxs] rks mUgksasus iwNk fd egkjkt vki tks bruh ckrsa crk jgs gSa rks crkb,] vkius Hkxoku dks ns[kk gS\ mlds ihNs Hkko ;g ugha Fkk fd D;k ckrsa cuk jgs gksA ;g iz’u iwNw¡xk rks cksyrh can gks tk,xhA ,slk ugha FkkA ysfdu D;k oks okLro esa ,slk gS] vki dg jgs gSaA esjh ijEijk dg jgh gS brus gtkjkas o"kkZsa ls pyk vk jgk gS ns’k esa ;s vlR; rks ugha gksxkA ysfdu dksbZ crk, rks lghA tc mudks crk;k x;k fd gk¡ ns[k jgk gw¡] rqEgsa tSlk ns[k jgk gw¡ mlls Hkh Li"V ns[k jgk gw¡A mlls

ckr Hkh djrk gw¡ A rqe Hkh dj ldksxsA esjs crk, gq, jkLrs ij pyksxs rks rc os f’k"; cu x,A iz;ksx djks] JðkiwoZd iz;ksx djksA ckgj ds vuqHkoksa ij iwjk fo’okl djks bls gh fujh{k.k dgk x;k gSA fo}kuksa us dgk gS fd viuh ijEijk esa ;fn osn Hkh dgrk gS fd vkx esa gkFk Mkyus ls gkFk ugha tysxk rks fo’okl er j[kks D;ksafd ;g vuqHko ugha gSA

rdZ izek.k gS] vuqHko izek.k gSA ysfdu var%izek.k Hkh gSA og Hkh izdV gksrk gSA lkjh dh lkjh jlk;u lsfUnz; jlk;u iz.kkyh ls fudyh ij mldk mn~xe dSls gqvk\ jpuk D;k gS v.kqvksa dh\ ;s fey ugha jgk FkkA lkjs rdZ] lkjs xf.kr vlQy gks x,A dsD;qys uke ds ,d ’kkL=kK Fks os fopkj djrs&djrs lks x, vkSj lius esa mudks nks lk¡i ,d nwljs dh iw¡N fuxyrs fn[ksA LoIu fn[kk vkSj mlls ,d dne lw>k fd ;s jpuk gks xbZA ^ckfUMax vkWQ ,VEl* rc ls fudyk vkSj mlesa ls lkjh jlk;u ’kkL= dh jpuk gqbZA fdlh iz;ksx ls ugha] LoIu esa feyh var’psruk ls gqbZA ml var’psruk ij Hkjkslk j[kks vkSj tks Hkh rqEgkjs fu"d"kZ gSa vuqHko ds vk/kj ij ns[kks vkSj ij[kksA ml ij thou esa pydj ns[kks] mlesa ls tks [kjk mrjrk gS mldks Lohdkj djksA pk.kD; us vFkZuhfr fy[kh mlesa dbZ txg feyrk gS fd veqd&veqd ,d iz’u gS] bl lEcU/k eas Hkh"ekpk;Z dk ;g dguk gS] ’kqØkpk;Z dk ;g dguk gS] ijUrq eq>s vius vuqHko ls yxrk gS fd ;g lgh ugha gSA mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd og ml tekus ds fy, mi;qDr gksxk ijUrq vc ugha gSA muds izfr esjk vuknj dk Hkko ugha gS] ijUrq ;s dkycká gSA eSaus bl

ij pydj ns[kk gS blfy, esjk vuqHko ,slk gS D;ksafd eSaus ;s iz;ksx djds ns[kk gSA eSaus bl ij pydj ns[kk gSA vr% eq>s yxrk gS fd ;g lgh ugha gSA pk.kD; us thou ds lkjs iz;ksx djus ds ckn gh xzaFk fy[ksA dsoy i<+k;k gh ugha Fkk fo|kihB esa] vfirq thou ds gj {k.k vuqHko djds lk/kk FkkA blfy, rks ;g xzaFk ex/k lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk djokus ds ckn fy[kk x;k gSA bl izdkj dh f’k{kk iðfr esa dsoy tkudkjh gh ugha gksrh cfYd thou ds vuqHko Hkh gksrk gSA thou eas mldh lkFkZdrk dks flð djus ds feys voljksa dks ij[kk tkrk Fkk] rHkh mldh O;kogkfjdrk lkFkZd flð gksrh FkhA blfy, vkt Hkh volj feyus ij mls flð djuk pkfg,A O;kogkfjd ckr gS fd blfy, ;s cgqr T;knk vekU; ugha gksrhA vkt Hkh rks bUVuZf’ki djuh iM+rh gS] T;wfu;jf’ki] bUVuZf’ki] vkfVZdyf’ki rks djuh gh iM+rh gSA D;ksa djuh iM+rh gS\] iqLrdksa esa rks lc gS ysfdu vuqHko o vkpj.k ls gh fl[kuk iM+rk gSA blfy, ykxw djds ns[kks] izekf.kr gksus ds ckn mldks djksA ,slh dbZ O;kogkfjd ckrsa viuh iðfr eas gksuh pkfg,A

ftl la;e ds }kjk bPNk’kfDr dk izokg rFkk fodkl o’k esa yk;k tkrk gS vkSj Qynk;h gksrk gS] mls f’k{kk dgrs gSaA

&Lokeh foosdkuUn

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Hkkjrh; f’k{kk dh nk’kZfud i`”BHkwfe

oSfnd dky ls ysdj 18oha lnh rd Hkkjr esa f’k{kk dh Hkwfedk eqfDr iznk;d jgh gSA izkphu f’k{kk ið fr dk vè;;u djus ls ;g Hkh Li"V gksrk gS fd f’k{kk laKk ugha] vfirq fØ;k :i eas n`f"Vxkspj gksrh FkhA laKk ds :i eas fo|k ’kCn O;oâr gksrk FkkA osnksa ds vè;;u ds N% vaxksa esa ls f’k{kk ,d vax gSA f’k{kk dk fu:i.k vusd _f"k;kas us fd;k] blfy, ;g muds uke ls tkuh xbZA ;Fkk of’k"Bh; f’k{kk] ikf.kuh; f’k{kk vkfnA

Hkkjrh; f’k{kk dk Lo:Ik

orZeku esa f’k{kk ds dqy 32 xzaFk miyC/k gSa] buesa vè;;u vkSj vè;kiu ij cy fn;k x;k gSA blls Hkh ;gh fl) gksrk gS fd f’k{kk ek= fØ;k :i esa iz;qDr gksrh Fkh u fd laKk :i esaA fQj laKk D;k Fkh\ laKk Fkh fo|kA fo|k ’kCn ij Hkkjrh; _f"k;ksa us vusdkusd mifu"knksa] iqjk.kkas ,oa uhfrxzaFkkas esa foLrkj ls izdk’k Mkyk gSA fo|k og gS tks eqfDr iznku djsA eqfDr fdlls\ eqfDr vKkurk ls] iziapksa ls] tM+rk ls] va/kdkj ls] tUe&e`R;q ds pDdj ls] nzkfjnz; vkfn lsA fo|k ’kCn dh mRifÙk laLd`r dh fon~ /kkrq( ¼fon~ o D;i~ rFkk Vki~½ ls gqbZ gS A ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS tkuk gqvk vFkkZr~ Kku dk vf/kxeA bl izdkj tks tkuus ;ksX; gS ;k tkuk gqvk gS] fo|k dh Js.kh esa vkrk gSA osnksa esa Hkh ml ije lR; dks ;Fks"V :i ls tkuus ds fo"k; dks fo|k ’kCn ds :i

esa iz;qDr fd;k x;k gSA

fo|k vkSj vfo|k esa Hksn

bl izdkj fo|k ls vfHkizk; ml Kku ls gS tks u dsoy HkkSfrd n`f"Vdks.k ls izkf.kek= dk dY;k.k djs] vfirq mldks lEiw.kZ l`f"V ds lkFk rknkRE; LFkkfir djus ds fy, vfHkizsfjr Hkh djsA fo|k u dsoy bl yksd ds dY;k.k dh ckr dks izJ; nsrh gS vfirq euq"; ;k izk.kh ek= ds ijyksd vkSj vxys tUeksa dh Hkh mUur djus ds n`f"Vdks.k dks lfØ; djrh gSA blfy, eq.Mdksifu"kn~ esa fo|k ds vFkZ ls vfHkizk; ijk vkSj vijk ls gSA

^^}s fo|s osfnrO;s bfr g Le ;n czãfonks onfUr ijk pSokijk pA**

vijk ls vfHkizk; osn vkSj osnkax rFkk ijk ls vfHkizk; ijekRek ds Kku ls gSA bl izdkj vijk esa tks fo"k; lfEEkfyr gSa muesa bl HkkSfrd txr~ dk Kku gksrk gS] fdUrq ijk ds ekè;e ls lEiw.kZ txr~ ds l`f"V vkSj y; dks le>k tk ldrk gSA tks euq"; bu nksukas dks ewy ls tku ysrk gS] ogh lgh ek;us esa Kkuh gS vkSj bu nksukas dks tkuus ls gh l`f"V ek= dk dY;k.k gksrk gSA oS’ksf"kd n’kZu esa d.kkn _f"k us bls dqN bl izdkj izdV fd;k gS&

^;Fkks·H;qn;fu%Js;l flf)% l% /keZ%A*

;kfu ftlls bl yksd vkSj ijyksd

fparu

MkW- f’kodqekj ’kekZjlk;u ’kkL= esa ih +,p +Mh +Hkkjrh; n’kZu] lekt] laLd``fr dk Xkgu vè;;u&fparuAvusd ’kks/k ys[k] fo’ofo|ky;ksa esa lkjxfHkZr oDrO; Hkkjrh; f’k{kk ij iqLrd ’kh?kz izdk’;lEizfr % fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; ea=h

11



dh flf) gks] ogh /keZ gSA bl izdkj tks Hkkjrh; fo|k gS] og u dsoy vFkksZiktZu ij cy nsrh gS] vfirq mlds vk/kj ij vius vHkh"V ;kfu ijekRek esa foyhu gksus ds y{; dks Hkh lk/krh gSA Hkkjrh; n`f"Vdks.k esa tUe dk gsrq i`FOkh ds Hkksxksa dks Hkksxuk ek=k ugha gS] cfYd mu Hkksxksas dks Hkksxdj vius ijyksds dks lq/kkjuk Hkh gSA blfy, /keZ blesa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuoZgu djrk gSA d.kkn ;gk¡ ij ftl /keZ dh ckr djrs gSa] og /keZ deZdk.M ls ijs gSA ;gk¡ ij /keZ ls vfHkizk; ekuo’kkL= esa of.kZr /keZ ls gS ;Fkk&

/k`fr% {keka neks·Lrs;a ’kkSpfefUnz;fuxzg%A

/khfoZ|k lR;eØks/kksn’kda /keZ y{k.ke~ AA

;kfu /kS;Z] {kek] ne ¼fodkj dk gsrq mifLFkr gksus ij Hkh eu dks mlesa u yxkuk gh ne gS½] vLrs; ¼ijk;s /ku esa vklfDr u gksuk½] ’kkSp ¼ifo=rk½] bfUnz; fuxzg ¼bfUnz; fu;a=.k½] /kh ¼foosdorh cqf)½] fo|k ¼vijk vkSj ijk dh le>] D;ksafd blh ls O;f"V ls lef"V ds Hkko dh izrhfr gksrh gSA ;fn bldk Kku ugha rks lc dqN O;FkZ gS½] lR; rFkk Øks/k dk fu;eu ¼D;ksafd Øks/k gh leLr fodkjksa dk mRiknd gS½ ;s nl /keZ ds y{k.k gSaA Le`frdkj dgrs gSa fd ;fn euq"; bu xq.kksa ls foHkwf"kr ugha gS] rks og /kfeZd ugha dgk tk ldrkA ;g lukru /keZ gSA ;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks euq"; lEiw.kZ txr esa bZ’oj dh vuqHkwfr djrk gSA bZ’k mifu"kn~ dk eq[; gsrq ;gh gS fd lEiw.kZ txr esa bZ’oj dh izrhfr dh tk,A

bZ’kkokL;fene~ loZe~ ;r~ fdafpr~ txR;ketxr~A

rsu R;Drsu HkqathFkk% ek x`/k% dL;fLOkn /kue~ AA

blh mifu"kn~ esa _f"k &fo|k dh ifjHkk"kk dqN bl izdkj djrs gSa fd tks dsoy vfo|k ¼de½ dh mikluk djrs gSa] os ¼vfo|k :ih½ ?kksj va/kdkj esa izos’k djrs gSa vkSj tks dsoy fo|k ¼mikluk vkSj bZ’oj HkfDr½ esa gh jr gSa] os ekuks mlls Hkh xgjs va/kdkj esa izos’k djrs gSa&

va/re% izfo’kfUr ;s·fo|keqiklrsA

rrks Hkw; bo es reks ;s m fo|;kajrk%AA

bl ’yksd eas _f"k vfr ij fojke yxkrs gSa ;kfu u rks ek= mikluk vkSj u ek= Hkksx esa izo`r gksus ls ijekRek dh izkfIr gksrh gS] cfYd nksuksa ds leUo; ls gh ijekRek dh izkfIr laHko gSA bl izdkj leUo; l`f"V dk gh fu;e gS vfr ughaA Hkxoku~ Jhd`".k us Jhen~Hkxor~ xhrk esa blh dks ^vuklfDr Hkko* dgk gSA _f"k ;gk¡ ij fo|k vkSj vfo|k nksukas ds Hksn dks u dsoy Li"V djrs gSa] cfYd mlds ifj.kke dh Hkh O;k[;k djrs gSaA ;gk¡ ij _f"k vkxs dgrs gSa &

fo|ka pkfo|ka Pk ;Lrn~osnks Hk;algA

vfo|;k e`R;qa rhRokZ fo|;ke`reJqrsAA

;kfu tks fo|k vkSj vfo|k nksukas dks ,d lkFk tkurk gS] og vfo|k ls e`R;q dks ikj djds fo|k ls ve`RkRo izkIr djrk gSA vFkkZr~ fdlh Hkh euq"; ds fy, fo|k vkSj vfo|k ds Hksn dks le>s fcuk mls O;ogkfjd :i ls fØ;kfUor fd, fcuk u rks tUe ca/ku ds pØ ls mls eqfDr fey ldrh gS vkSj u gh og vius izkjC/k dks mUur dj ldrk gSA vr%

fo|k u dsoy bg yksd dks iq"V djrh gS] cfYd ijyksd dks Hkh iq"V djrh gSA iqjk.kdkj blh ckr dks dqN bl rjg ls le>krs gSa &

fo|k cqf)foZ|k;ke KkukRrkr tk;rsA

ckyksf·Xua fda un [k|ksrejs’ojeU;rsAA

vFkkZr~ vKku ds dkj.k gh euq";kas ds }kjk vfo|k esa fo|k dks cqf} tkuk tkrk gSA D;k ckyd vKkurk o’k [k|ksr ¼tqxuw½ dks gh vfXUk ugha le> ysrk gS\ ;gk¡ ij _f"k mu ij dVk{k djrk gS tks vfo|k dks gh fo|k ds :i esa ekus gq, gSaA D;k ledkyhu f’k{kk O;oLFkk ,slk gh ugha dj jgh gS\ vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd orZeku dh leL;kvksa dk lek/ku f’k{kk esa vusd iz;ksx djus ds ckn Hkh fudy ugha jgkA ;g foMEcuk ugha rks vkSj D;k gS\

^lk fo|k ;k foeqDr;s*

iqjk.kdkj fo|k dh O;k[;k dqN bl izdkj djrs gSa ;Fkk

rRdeZ ;Uu ca/kk; lk fo|k ;k foeqDr;s A

vk;klk;kija deZ fo|kU;k f’kYiuSiq.ke~ AA

;kfu deZ ogh tks ca/ku dk dkj.k u gks vkSj fo|k ogh gS] tks eqfDr dh lkf/kdk gksA blds vfrfjDr vkSj deZ rks ifjJe :i rFkk vU; fo|k,¡ dyk&dkS’ky ek= gh gSaA ;g Li"V gS fd dksbZ deZ ca/ku dkjd gS rks og deZ ugha gSA Bhd mlh izdkj ls tSls ;fn dksbZ fo|k vkidks vklDr dj nsrh gS] rks og fo|k ugha gS D;ksafd tSls gh deZ dk LoHkko cU/kuksa ls eqfDr gksrk gS oSls gh fo|k dk ifj.kke leLr oklukvksa ls eqfDr gSA ;fn ,slk ugha gksrk gS rks ;g ekuuk pkfg, fd u

12



og deZ] deZ gS vkSj u gh og fo|k] fo|k rks fQj og D;k gS\ _f"k ml deZ dks tks ca/kudkjh gS] ek= Je ekurk gS rFkk ml fo|k dks tks oklukvksa ls ;qDr gSa mls ek= dyk&dkS’ky ekurk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vk/kqfud f’k{kk gedks eqDr ugha djrh D;ksafd og vius esa lexz ugha gS] og ek= izk.kh@iw¡th ds la[;kRed o`fð okys i{k ij cy nsrh gS u fd lexz :i esa fpUru djrh gSA blh dkj.k f’k{kk dks izkIr djus ds ckotwn Hkh euq"; lq[kh ugha gks ikrkA fgrksins’k ftl lq[k dh ckr djrk gS] mldk ewy gsrq fo|k gh gSA fgrksins’k dk jpf;rk Li"V dgrk gS &

^fo|k nnkfr fou;a] fou;k|kfr ik=krke~A

ik=kRokn~ /kuekIuksfr] /kukr~ /keZa rr% lq[ke~AA*

;kfu fo|k ls euq"; fouez gksrk gS] fouezrk ls mlesa ik=rk vkrh gS] ml ik=rk ls og /ku vftZr djrk gS vkSj bl izdkj vftZr fd, gq, /ku ls og vius fofgr dekZsa dk ikyu djrk gS vkSj rc og lq[k izkIr djrk gSA ;g fo|k vkSj lq[k dk tks vUrlZacU/k gS og ,dkRe gSA vk/kqfud f’k{kk esa ek= lq[k dh izkfIr ds ,dkaxh Hkko ds ckjs esa lkspk x;k] tks vius esa viw.kZ gS] blfy, f’k{kk Hkh gS] lq[k dk vkHkkl Hkh gSA ijUrq euq"; fQj vusd izdkj ds fodkjkas ls Dykar gSA D;ksafd og ^LodsfUnzr euq"; vius vki dks ugha tkurk] og lnSo vius ls vifjfpr gh jgsxkA ftl Hkkx dks euq"; dk euq";iu dgk tkrk gS og rks rHkh Kkr gks ldrk gS tcfd euq"; ds lekt vkSj le; dh lhek esa QSyk mldk iwjk ukVd viuh lexzrk esa euq";kas ds lkeus fdlh

rjg laxfBr gks ldsA ;gk¡ ij lexzrk ls vfHkizk; dsoy fj’rksa dks tksM+uk ek= ugha gS vkSj mldh vkaf’kd le> ds fy, Hkh ,d ,slk izR;{k vuqHko vko’;d gS] tks izrhdkREkdrk vkSj miekvksa dh vis{kk j[krk gSA ;gk¡ ij tks ckr fpard dgrk gS] vk/kqfud f’k{kk esa mu izrhdkREkdrkvksa vkSj miekvksa ds vkHkko ds dkj.k f’k{kk lq[kdkjh ugha cu ldh] blfy, lEiw.kZ fo’o esa vf/kd nq%[k O;kIr gSA

fo|k Hkksxdjh] ;’kdjh] lq[kdjh

Hkr`Zgfj uhfr’krd esa fo|k dks Hkksxdjh] ;’kdjh] lq[kdjh crkrs gSaA Hkkjrh; ijEijk esa Hkksx] lq[k rFkk ;’k esa vUrlZEcU/k gSA drkZ dks Kku rks cgqr gS ;fn og dY;k.kdkjh ugha gS] rks O;FkZ gSA NkUnksX; mifu"kn~ Hkh blh ckr dh vksj bafxr djrk gS fd ;fn fo|k vkSj vfo|k ds eeZ dks ugha tkuk] rks lc O;FkZ gSA 18oha ’krkCnh rd Hkkjrh; f’k{kk dh lexz ikB~;ppkZ blh fo|k vkSj vfo|k ftldks mifu"kn~dkj fo|k ds :i esa ekurk gS ls vkPNkfnr FkhA blfy, euq"; vius fofgr dekZsa dk fof/kiwoZd ikyu dj ldus esa leFkZ Fkk] fdUrq dkykUrj esa ;g pØ ifjofrZr gqvk] blfy, vusdkusd izdkj dh leL;k,¡ izdV gksuh ’kq: gqbZa] D;ksafd fo|k ds ihNs tks ewy gsrq lef"Vxr dY;k.k fufgr Fkk] og O;fDrxr LokFkZ esa ifjofrZr gks x;kA egkHkkjrdkj bl ’yksd ds ekè;e ls dqN bl izdkj dh dkeuk O;Dr djrk gS &

u Roga dke;s jkT;a u LoxaZ uk iquHkZoe~A

dke;s nq%[k rIrkuke~ izkf.kukekfrZuk’kue~AA

;kfu _f"k dgrk gS fd u eq>s jkT;

pkfg,] u eq>s LoxZ pkfg,] u gh eq>s eqfDr dh bPNk gS cfYd bl lEiw.kZ txr~ esa ukuk izdkj ds nq%[kksa ls ;g izk.kh txr~ rIr gS] eSa muds nq%[kksa dh fuo`fÙk pkgrk gw¡A ykSaxk{kh Le`fr Hkh ,slk gh dgrh gS &

loZs HkoUrq lqf[ku%] loZs lUrq fujke;k%A

loZs Hkznkf.k i’;Urq] ek df’prn~ nq%[k HkkXHkosr~AA

;kfu lHkh lq[kh gksa] lHkh fujksx gksa] bl lalkj esa dksbZ Hkh eq>s nq[kh u fn[ksA ;gk¡ ij _f"k izkf.k;ksa dh ckr djrs gSaA izkf.k;ksa ls vfHkizk; tks Hkh bl txr esa izk.koUr gS mu lcds lq[k dh dkeukA bZ’k mifu"kn~ l`f"V ds d.k&d.k esa bZ’oj dh O;kfIr ns[krk gSA blfy, lEiw.kZ l`f"V gh izk.koUr gS vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd fo|k esa lef"Vxr fpUru fd;k x;k gS tcfd f’k{kk esa O;fDrxrA

ik’pkR; fparu ek= O;fDr esa Hkh dqN fof’k"V O;fDr;kas dh gh fpUrk djrk gS tSls vf/kdre yksxksa dk vf/kdre lq[kA tcfd Hkkjrh; fo|k O;oLFkk izk.k ds vk/kj ij lcdks ,d lkFk ykrh gSA vk/kqfud f’k{kk O;fDr vkSj O;fDr;ksa esa Hksn ds vk/kkj ij muesa nwjh dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA ;gh nwjh ’kks"k.k] nq%[k] fo"kkn vkSj LokFkZ dh tUenk=h gS tcfd Hkkjrh; ijEijk lexzrk esa lkspus dh {kerk dh i{k/kj jgus ds dkj.k loZdY;k.k dh ckr djrh gSA vk/kqfud f’k{kk blls vNwrh gSA

13



Hkkjr ds cusa vkSj Hkkjr dks cuk,¡

gekjs lkeus ,d iz’u mifLFkr gS] iz’u ls ,d u, iz’u dk fuekZ.k gksuk LokHkkfod gSA bl fo"k; dks le>rs gq, dqN iz’u mBrs gSa fd&;fn Hkkjr dk cuuk gS rks ge Hkkjr ds dSls cus\] gesa Hkkjr dk cuuk gS rks og dkSu fl[kk,xk fd ge Hkkjr ds dSls cus\ dgk¡ ls ge lh[kas fd Hkkjr ds dSls cusa\ vkSj tc Hkkjr dks cukuk gS rks dSls cukuk gS\ og dkSu crk,xk\

D;k Hkkjr igys ls ugha gS tks mldks cukus dh vko’;drk gS\ gesa ftl Hkkjr dk cuuk gS ;fn og igys ls gh gS rks fQj gesa dkSu lk Hkkjr cukuk gS\ mls dSls cuk;k tk,\ D;k xkjs&feV~Vh ls dksbZ Hkou fuekZ.k djuk gS ;k fdlh fo’ks"k izdkj dh dkyksuh cukuh gS\

dqN iz’ukas dk lh/kk mÙkj Hkh dfBu gS\ vkSj dqN Vs<+s iz’ukas dk mÙkj [kkstus esa Hkh vkuUn vkrk gSA blds ihNs euq"; dk LokHkkfod euksfoKku gSA iz’u ,d vfHk#fp gS vkSj mÙkj n`f"Vdks.kA n`f"Vdks.k ls vk’k; gS fd ge iz’u dk mÙkj fdl lUnHkZ esa [kkst jgs gSaA ;fn mÙkj ftKklko’k [kkst jgs gSa rks og mÙkj dY;k.kdkjh gksxkA

vius iz’u dh [kkst esa pyus ls igys jke/kjh flag fnudj th ds ml Hkko dks ;kn djrs gSa tgk¡ ^vk/kqfudrk vkSj Hkkjr/keZ* ds fo"k; esa dgrs gSa fd

^izR;sd le; esa lekt ds lkeus ges’kk ls ;g pqukSrh jgh gS fd og fdl lekt dks vkn’kZ ekus\ og fdl lekt dks vk/kqfud ekudj vkxs c<+s\ D;k mlds lkeus fdlh vkn’kZ lekt dk dksbZ ekinaM gS ;k og flQZ fnok&LoIu gSA bldk mÙkj mUgsa ^Hkkjrh; lekt* esa feyrk gSA

;g ge lHkh Lej.k j[ksa tc ifjorZu ds fy, le; dqykaps Hkjrk gS rks Hkkjr&Hkwfe ds _f"k ^Hkkjrh; ;qokvksa* dk vkg~oku djrs gSaA ;s nks ’kCn Lej.k jgs&^Hkkjrh; lekt] Hkkjrh; ;qok*A eSaus Lej.k j[kus dk vkxzg blfy, fd;k gS fd ge vius fo"k; dk lexz fparu dh /kjk esa izokgeku gksdj vuqla/kku djsaxsA

lkekU;r% fdlh Hkh fo"k; dks le>us ds nks ekè;e gSa &

fo"k;kuqxr vFkkZr~ lSðkfUrd] cká] oLrqijd ;k F;ksjhfVdyA nwljk O;kogkfjd vFkkZr~ izk;ksfxd] vkarfjd] vkRefu"B ;k izSfDVdyA

vè;;u ;k vuqHko izkfIr ds nks ekxZ loZFkk izpfyr gSa F;ksjh ¼lSðkfUrd½ vkSj izSfDVdy ¼izk;ksfxd½A viuk fo"k; le>us esa ftruk ljy gS] bldk ikyu djuk mlls Hkh vf/kd ljy gSA ikuh dk Bgj tkuk ljy gS mldk cg tkuk\ ikuh jksdus ds fy, iz;kl djuk iM+rk gS fdUrq cg tkuk mldh izo`fÙk gSA mlh izdkj Hkkjr dks fo"k;kuqxr vFkkZr~ F;ksjh

fopkj izokg

riu dqekj],y- ,y- ch-] gksVy eSustesaV] ,e-ch-,- mikf/k/kkjh]lekt dk;Z dk fo’ks"k vuqHkofo|k Hkkjrh] esjB izkarlaxBu ea=h

14



dks le>us dk iz;kl djuk iM+sxk fdUrq bl Hkkjr ds O;kogkfjd vFkkr~ izSfDVdy :i esa tk, rks esjk vuqHko dgrk gS fd gesa dksbZ iz;kl ugha djuk gSA

tc ge Hkkjr dks fo"k; ekudj le>saxs rc Hkkjr dks ’kkL=kFkZ djrs gq, rdZ ds vk/kkj ij tkusaxs vkSj tc Hkkjr dks thoar ekudj O;ogkj ds ekè;e ls le>saxs rks vuqHkwfr ds vk/kkj ij tkusaxsA rdZ esa ge vyx&vyx ?kVukvksa dks vk/kkj ekudj Hkkjr dh O;k[;k djus dk iz;kl djsaxs vkSj vuqHkwfr esa Hkkjr vius thou esa vkRelkr djsaxsA

lexz fparu dh bl /kkjk esa blds nksuksa igyqvksa ^orZeku vkSj bfrgkl* ij fopkj djsxasA tks le; chr x;k] og bfrgkl gks x;kA orZeku dh ;k=k rd ge bfrgkl dks Hkh ns[ksaxs fd fdl ekxZ ls gksrs gq, ge ;gk¡ igq¡ps\ orZeku dh ckr djrs gq, ^^vk/kqfudrk rFkk thou dh vko’;drkvksa* dh ckr djsxas vkSj bfrgkl dh ckr djrs gq, ewY;kas vkSj laLdkjkas dh ckr djsxasA

bfrgkl esa tgk¡ uSfrdrk] lkSUn;Zcks/k] vkè;kRe] Kku vkSj laLdkj dk ckgqY; gS ogh orZeku eas jktuhfr] jkstxkj] lÙkk&’kklu] lqfo/kk] vk/kqfudrk vkSj ifjHkk"kkghu fonzksg dh ppkZ dk gh vkoj.k gSA bfrgkl eas tgk¡ Hkkjr thou dh lezxrk dh vksj pyrk gS ogh orZeku Hkkjr vk/kqfudrk ds uke ij fonzksgh ifjorZu dh vksj pyrk gSA thou dh xfr c<+ pqdh gSA gesa Lo;a dh vuqdwyrk rRdky pkfg,A orZeku Hkkjr vFkZ’kkL=] jktuhfr’kkL=] lkekt’kkL=] foKku] rduhd] jkstxkj] lSU; O;oLFkk]

vUrjjk"Vªh; lEcU/k vkSj O;kikj dh ckr djrk gSA vkfVZdy 370 dh ppkZ djrk gS] og ijEijkvksa vkSj jhfr&fjoktkas esa LFkkfir ekU;rkvksa dh lhekvkas dks f[kldkuk pkgrk gSA

le; vkSj lekt viuh xfr ls py jgk gS ysfdu yksxksa dk lkewfgd :i ls thou ds y{;ksa ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k lekt eas vkpj.k dk fuekZ.k djrk gS tks ns’k dk rRdkfyd Lo:i fu/kkZfjr djrk gSA cgq/kk blh vkpj.k ds dkj.k ls laf/kdky dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA ftl dkj.k lekt lekt dk Lo:i cnyrk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA vc ;gh pqukSrh gekjs lkeus vkrh gS fd fdl Hkkjr ds cusa\ vkSj dkSu lk Hkkjr cuk,¡\ bfrgkl esa x, rks vk/kqfudrk dh nkSM+ esa vNwrs jg tk,¡xsa] fiNM+s dgyk,¡xs] ikasxkiaFkh vkSj u tkus dkSu&dkSu ls vkHkw"k.k iguk fn, tk,¡xs vkSj orZeku ds fglkc ls pysa rks vkS|ksxhdj.k dk i;kZoj.k ij vk?kkr] nwf"kr ekufldrk ds dkj.k c<+rs vijk/k] miHkksDrkokn dk dqfVy&pØ dk jksx gekjs vkSj vkus okyh ih<+h ds fy, vfHk’kki cu jgs gSa\ ;fn bu lc fo"k;ksa ij ge O;kogkfjd ;k vkRefu"B :i ls pysa rks foKku&fojks/kh vkSj va/kfo’oklh dgk tk,xk vkSj ;fn fo"k;kuqxr ;k oLrqijd :i ls pys rks leqnz dh fdukjs cSB dj rSjkdh lh[kus tSlh dYiuk ek=k gksxhA ge bUgha my>uksa ls ckgj fudysaxsA

igys ge Hkkjr dks ,d fo"k; ekudj le>rs gSa] ckSfðd :i ls] fo"k;kuqxr rjhds ls tSls vukt dk mRiknu djus ds fy, cht] gok] ikuh] [kkn] lw;Z ds izdk’k tSls vU; rÙoksa ds ^mi;qDr la;ksx* dh

vko’;drk gksrh gS mlh izdkj Hkkjr dks fo"k;kuqxr rjhds ls le>us ds fy, dqN la;kxs le>us gksaxsA tc bu la;ksxksa dks le> ysasxs rc Hkkjr ds cu tk,¡xsA ysfdu gekjs cuus ds ckn ge Hkkjr dks dSlk cuk,¡xs\ blds fy, gesa le>uk gksxk fd tc ;krk;kr ds fu;eksa dk Kku gksus ds ckn Hkh yksx xyr fn’kk esa pyrs gSa ;k okgu pykrs gSa rks oks tkurs gSa fd bl otg ls tke yxsxk] ,DlhMasV gks ldrk gS\ nq?kZVuk gks tk,xh] pkyku dV ldrk gS fQj Hkh ;s flyflyk :drk ugha gS vkSj dqN bl otg ls nq%[k ikrs gSaA oSls gh tc rd Hkkjr ds cu tkus ds ckn Hkh ge Hkkjr dks vius thou esa ugha mrkjsaxs ;k mlds vuq:i ugha th,¡xs rks Hkkjr dks cuk ugha ik;saxs vkSj Hkkjr dh mi;ksfxrk dks le>s fcuk mls cpk ugha ik,¡xsaA ;fn geus Hkkjr dh egÙkk vius thou eas le> yh rks gesa fdlh izdkj dk }an ugha jgsxkA

lHkh lEHko iz’u Hkkjr ds fo"k; esa iwNs tk ldrs gSa fd Hkkjr D;k\ dc\ dSl\ fdldk\ dkSu\ dc ls\ vkf[kj fdlh Hkh fo"k; dks le>us dk izkFkfed ekè;e gS iz’u iwNukA tc iz’u gS rks mldk mÙkj Hkh gS ;k [kkstk tk,xk vkSj tgk¡ mÙkj gksxk ogk¡ rdZ Hkh gksxkA gesa rks rdZ dks le>us vkSj le>kus dh {kerk Hkh mRiUu djuh gksxh D;ksafd rdZ dks le>us ds ckn Hkh fojks/kh ds euksfLFkfr dks cnyuk dfBu gh gksrk gSA

bl rkfdZd okrkZyki dks fo"k;kuqxr rjhds ls vkxs c<+krs gSa tks Hkkjr ’kCn gS blds vyx&vyx vFkZ gesa irk gS] tks izdk’k dh vksj jr gS og Hkkjr gS ;k

15



’kdqUryk vkSj nq";ar ds iq= Hkjr ds uke ij Hkkjr iM+kA D;ksa iM+k\ D;ksafd mlus cpiu esa gh ’ksj ds eq¡g dks [kksydj nk¡r fxu fy, FksA blfy, iM+kA ge lcus ;g dgkuh lquh gSA HkkSxksfyd Lo:i dh ckr djsa rks fo".kq iqjk.k dgrk gS ^^mÙkja;r~ leqnzL;] fgeknzso’pSo nf{k.kaA o"kZ rn~ Hkkjra uke] Hkkjrh ;r~ larfr%A**

vFkkZr~ tks leqnz ds mÙkj esa cQhZys ioZr fgeky; ds nf{k.k eas fLFkr gS mldk uke Hkkjr gS vkSj ;gk¡ ds jgus okys yksx mldh larkus gSaA vjcksa us fla/kq unh ds uke ij fgUnw Hkwfe ;k fgUnqLrku dgk fdUrq c`gLifr vkxe dgrk gS ^^fgeky;a lekjH; ;kofnUnq ljksoje~A rRnso fufeZra ns’ka fgUnqLFkkua izp{krs**A vFkkZr~ fgeky; ls ysdj ¼bUnq½ fgUn egklkxj rd nso iq:"kksa }kjk fufeZr bl Hkwxksy dks fgUnqLFkku dgrs gSaA fla/kq dks v¡xszth esa baMl dgrs gSaA ftlds dkj.k Hkkjr dks v¡xsztksa us bf.M;k dgkA ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd ;g vk;kZsa vFkkZr~ Js"B yksxkas dh Hkfwe gS blfy, bls vk;kZorZ dgk x;kA bl lHkh esa Hkkjr uke vf/kd izpfyr gqvk ysfdu ftl ns’k ;k HkwHkkx ij jktk Hkjr ds ekrk&firk ’kdqUryk vkSj nq";ar jgk djrs gksaxs ml ns’k dk uke D;k Fkk\ uke dks ysdj ,d rdZ vkrk gSA

vxj ge bl iz’u esa T;knk ihNs ugha tkrs gSa rks Hkh 2300 o"kZ iwoZ ekS;Z] pksy] ikaM~;@pkyqD; dk lkezkT; dgk¡ gqvk djrs Fks\ D;k oks flQZ lkezkT; Fks\ D;k ml le; Hkkjr ugha Fkk\ ’kd] gw.k tSls ccZj yksxksa us ftl Hkwfe ij vkdj ;gha lek x,] fdlds gq,\ dgk¡ foyhu gks x,\

vk/kqfud bfrgkl esa ge i<+rs gSa fd lu~ 1947 ls igys lkSjk"Vª] fpÙkkSM+] t;iqj] ekyok tSLkh 500 ls vf/kd vyx&vyx fj;klrksa gqvk djrha FkhaA ftudk 1947 eas Hkkjrh; x.kjkT; ds :i esa ,dhdj.k gqvk tSlk fd dqN rFkkdfFkr if’peh izHkko okys bfrgkldkj dgrs gSa fd Hkkjr dk tUe gh 1947 eas gqvkA ftl ekufp= dks ge ns[krs gSa D;k ogh gekjk Hkkjr gS\ fdlh cPps ls iwNas fd Hkkjr D;k gS rks lkekU;r% mÙkj nsxk fd Hkkjr ,d ns’k dk uke gS vkSj ,d dkxt ij uD’kk cukdj fn[kk nsxk fd ns[kks ;g jgk HkkjrA ysfdu tks vkt Hkkjr dh d’ehj ls dU;kdqekjh vkSj dPN ls ij’kqjke dqaM rd tks lhek,¡ gSa A vkt ls 2300 o"kZ iwoZ og vQxkfuLrku ls Jhyadk vkSj if’pe esa Qkjl dh [kkM+h ls ysdj dEcksfM;k rd Fkh rks fQj og D;k Fkk\ ;fn og Hkkjr Fkk rks vkt dk ;g Hkkjr dk HkkSxksfyd Lo:i dSLks de gks x;k\ ge e`R;qat; Hkkjr dgrs gSa D;k ge ml HkkSxksfyd Lo:i dks e`R;qat; Hkkjr dgrs gSa ftldk Lo:i ;nkdnk cnyrk jgk\ ftls fo’oxq# Hkkjr dgk x;k og D;ksa dgk x;k\ vkSj vkf[kj ;s fo’oxq# dk LFkku fdlus fn;k vkSj fdlus og LFkku ys fy;k\ ;k Lo;a geus gh bls [kks fn;k\ vkf[kj fdl Hkkjr dh lhek,¡ fldqM+ x;h vkSj fdl Hkkjr dk foHkktu gqvk\ vkSj dkSu lk Hkkjr [kks x;k\ ftldk geas cuuk gS vkSj ftls ge cukus dh dksf’k’k esa gSaA D;k ;s lc ,d fuf’pr HkkSxksfyd Lo:i dks izkIr djus dk iz;kl gS\

;gk¡ ,d iz’u ij vkidk è;ku ys tkuk pkgw¡xk og fd oks D;k dkj.k Fks

ftu otgksa ls ge vkt ;g dgrs gSa fd rc ds Hkkjr dk foLrkj fdruk c`gn~ Fkk vkt ds Hkkjr dh lhek,¡ fldqM+ xbZaA vkf[kj ge ,slk D;ksa dgrs gSa fd ckgjh vkØe.kkas us Hkkjr ds lhekvkas dks ladqfpr dj fn;k] Hkkjr dk foHkktu gks x;k\ D;k ;s lp gSa\

D;k fuf’pr HkkSxksfyd lhekvkas esa ca/kk gqvk HkwHkkx Hkkjr gS ftls ges fQj ls izkIr djuk gS vkSj blh HkwHkkx dk cuuk gS\

Hkkjr dks rdZ :i eas tkuus&le>us ds fy, ;s lHkh iz’u gekjs lkeus vkrs gSa vkSj vkrs jgsxas bldk mÙkj gesa [kkstuk gSA ;g [kkst vko’;d gSA

ftl Hkkjr&Hkwfe ij vorfjr ;tqosZn us dgk fd ’;uks HkwRokijka ir ;KekuL; xàoku] xPN rUukS laLd`re~A vFkkZr~ ns’kkUrj esa tkdj ,s’o;Z ;qDr cuks vkSj nwljksa dks ,s’o;Z ;qDr cukvks] ftl Hkkjr esa lEiw.kZ i`Foh dks dqVqEc olq/kSo dqVqEcde~ dh ladYiuk nhA ftlus iwjs fo’o dks Js"B cukus d`.oarks fo’oek;Ze~ dk flðkar fn;k tks Hkwfe losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% losZ lUrq fujke;k% dk mn~?kks"k djrh gSA ml Hkkjr Hkwfe dks fdlh HkkSxksfyd lhek esa cka/kuk fdruk mfpr gksxk ;g fu.kZ; orZeku ih<+h ij dks djuk gSA fdUgha dkj.kkas ls ftrus Hkh iz’u gekjs lkeus vk,a vkSj ftrus Hkh Hkkokas] ewY;kas vkSj laLdkjkas dks geus vius cM+ksa ls ;k ifjokjksa esa lh[kk gS og lc fdlh lhekvksa esa ca/ks gq, Hkkjr ds ugha gks ldrs ;fn ge Hkkjr dks lhekvksa esa cka/k nsaxs rks rdZ ls Hkh ge Hkkjr dks u tku ik;saxs] u le> ik;saxsA

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ftrus Hkh iz’u gekjs eu efr"d esa vkrs gSa mudk mÙkj bl HkkSxksfyd Lo:i ds rdZ&fordZ ls [kkstuk vlaHko lk izrhr gksrk gSA ;fn rdZ ;k iz’u ds vk/kkj ij le>uk gks rks dqN ?kVukvksa dks ns[kuk gksxk fd tc ,d vkpk;Z dsjy ls pydj dk’kh gksrs gq, cnzhukFk igq¡p dj ’kadjkpk;Z ihB dh LFkkiuk djrs gSa vkSj mls gj dksbZ Lohdkj djrk gSA tc ,d pk.kD; ,d lsod ds ckyd dks pUnzxqIr ds :i esa pØorhZ lezkV ?kksf"kr djrk gSA tc ,d e;kZnk iq#"kksÙke :ih euq"; jke ’kcjh dh dqfV;k rd igq¡prs gSaA tc ek¡ tkudh fcuk ohlk fy, v;ksè;k vkdj ge lcdh tuuh dgykrh gSaA tc ,d lqnkek dM+os pus dh otg ls cky&Lo:i ;ksxs’oj d`".k ls >wB cksyrk gS] tc Hkhy ljnkj ,d esokM+h egkjk.kk dh jksVh ds fy, viuh csVh dk cfynku nsrk gSA tc thtkckbZ ek¡ bl lEiw.kZ /kjk ds vieku dk cnyk ysus ds fy, Hkokuh ek¡ ls vius iq= jRu dk ojnku ek¡xrh gSA tks ohjkaxuk gkM+k jkuh bl Hkwfe dh j{kk ds fy, ;qð Hkwfe esa tkus ls igys vius ifr ds vklfDr dks vius izfr ns[kdj viuk ’kh’k dkVdj nsrh gSaA ftl ratkoqj vkt Hkh dk’kh fo’oukFk dk J`axkj fiNys gtkjkas o"kkZsa ls Hkstrk jgk gSA dqEHk tks bl /kjrh ds djksM+ksa dh tula[;k dks fcuk fdlh iz’u ds lekfgr dj ysrk gSA D;k ml Hkkjr ds rdZ ds vk/kj ij Hkwfe ij lhekadu djds tkuk ;k le>k tk ldrk gS\ dSls jktk f’kfo ,d ckt ls dcwrj dks cpkus ds fy, vius ’kjhj dk ek¡l dkVdj rkSyrs gSa] dSls xq#xksfoUn flag ml lok yk[k vRkrkb;ksa ls vius mHkjrs

gq, lqdkse y lqdqekjksa dks yM+us ds fy, Hkst nsrs gSaA

vHkh rd ;g le> gh pqds gksaxs fd ;s tehu ds VqdM+s dk fo"k; ugha gSA tSlk fd eSaus igys gh dgk gS fd gesa Hkkjr dks ^^lexz** :i ls le>uk gSA

rks vc ge ifjHkk"kk ij vkrs gSa] ge Hkkjr dks jk"Vª dgrs gSa] ge Hkkjr dks thoar dgrs gSa vFkkZr~ Hkkjr ,d uke ugha gS tks jk"Vª gSA ew/kZU; ys[kd ckcw ’;ke lqUnj nkl dgrs gSa fd fdlh jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k ds eq[;r% rhu ?kVd gksrs gSa & Hkwfe] yksx o laLd`fr A bu rhuksa dks O;ofLFkr leqPp; ls jk"Vª dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA fQj vki jk"Vª dks tks uke ns nhft,A bu rhuksa esa nks HkkSfrd gSa] fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ,d lw{e gS fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk] vuqHko gksrk gSA blfy, eSaus dgk fd fdlh Hkh fo"k; dks le>us ds nks ekè;e gSa vHkh ge mu lHkh iz’ukas dk fopkj djsa tks eSaus vkids lkeus j[ksa gSaA mudk mÙkj uk Hkwfe esa gS uk yksxksa esa gSA mudk mÙkj gS laLd`fr esaA è;ku jgs jhfr&fjokt] cksypky] igukok] :i&jax] Hkk"kk&cksyh] iwtk&iðfr bR;kfn ls lc ns’kdky vkSj ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj lH;rk dk fuekZ.k djrh gS tks le;≤ ij cnyrh jgrh gSA fdUrq laLd`fr vf/kd lw{e gSA laLd`fr bruh lw{e gS fd tSls fd bZa/ku eas vfXuA bZa/ku cuus fdruk oDr yxrk gS] gtkjkas yk[kkas lkyA oSls gh gtkjkas yk[kkas lky dh lH;rkvksa ds loZJs"B vkpj.k ls laLd`fr dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA vc ;fn Hkkjr ds lkaLd`frd :i dks le>uk gS rks dBksifu"kn~ ds ,d lwDr dks è;ku esa j[kdj jke ds vkpj.k dks le>uk gksxkA

jke dk vkpj.k le>us ds fy, gesa Lo;a jke cuuk gksxk dBksifu"kn~ dgrk gS fd ;kfu vLekda lqpfjrkfu rkfu RoksikL;kfr uks brjkf.kA

ftlesa tgk¡ ls tks vPNk gS Lohdkj dj yks] lqjf{kr dj yks] vgadkj er djksA nsf[k, ,d gh lwDr ls lkjk }an lekIr gks x;kA ftruk rdZ yxkdj le>uk gS lef>,A mifu"kn~ dgrk gS czãkEoSr czã Hkofr ftlus czã dks tku fy;k og czã gks x;kA fQj og gesa crkus okfil ugha vk,xk fd czã dk Lo:i dSlk gksrk gSA jke dks tkuuk gS rks jke ds vkpj.k dks ikyu djus ls jke cu tk,¡xsaA jke dks igpku tk,¡xs ij jke dks ge D;ks tkurs gSa\ jke dks ge muds xq.kksa ds dkj.k gh tkurs gSaA vFkkZr~ gesa muds xq.kkas ds leku xq.k izkIr djus ds fy, lk/kuk djuh iM+sxhA blfy, rdZ lkis{k :i esa Hkkjr dks tkuus ds fy, Hkkjr dk cuuk iM+sxk vkSj Hkkjr dk cuus ds fy, Lo;a Hkkjr gks tkuk iM+sxk vkSj mu xq.kkas dks Lo;a esa /kkj.k djuk iM+sxkA xq.kkas dks /kkj.k djus gsrq gesa ml vk/kkj dk fuekZ.k djuk iM+sxk tgk¡ ge ml HkO;rk dks fuekZ.k djsaxsA mifu"kn~ dgrk gS &

;ks ekesoelaew<ks tkukfr iq#"kksÙkee~A l loZ foHkn~trh ek loZHkkosu HkkjrA vFkkZr~ loZ&Hkko] le&Hkko esa thus okyk HkkjrA

bfr xqárea ’kkL=kfeneqDra e;ku?kA ,rncqðkok cqfðekuL;kRd`rd`R;p’o Hkkjr AA vFkkZr~ cqfðeku] foosdokukas dk lEEkku djus okyk Hkkjr A

17



tc ge xq.kksa dh lk/kuk dj ysaxs] ge Hkkjr ds cu tk;saxs ge Lo;a gh Hkkjr gks tk;saxsA ;g gekjk Hkkjr dks tkudj Hkkjr cuus vkSj Hkkjr dks cukus dk lkis{k ekè;e gksxkA ;g geus Hkkjr ds oLrqijd <ax ls rdZ ds vk/kkj ij bfrgkl ds niZ.k dks le>us dk iz;kl fd;k gSA blh lkis{k ekè;e eas i;kZoj.k] ty&taxy] tehu vkSj mu çd`fr migkjkas ds lkFk leUo; cSBkdj vkxs c<+uk gh loZxq.k lEiUu Hkko ls vkxs c<+uk gSA ;s i;kZoj.k Hkkjr Hkwfe dk Üka`xkj gS ufn;k¡ bldh thounkf;uh gSA tc ge Hkkjr dks rdZ ds vk/kj ij le>rs gSa rks gekjs vklikl i;kZoj.k ges mu egkiq#"kksa ds vkpj.k dk vuqlj.k djus esa lgk;d flð gksrk gSA

tc ge Hkkjr dks oLrqijd <ax ls rdZ ds vk/kj ij orZeku esa le>us dk iz;kl djrs gSa rks ge dqN ?kVuk,¡ ikrs gSa fd dSls jkg xqtjrs gqvk ,d jkgxhj vk/kh jkr ds v¡/ksjs esa njoktk [kV[kVk dj ihus dk ikuh ek¡xrk gS rks x`gLokeh viuh x`gLokfeuh ls dgrk gS fd dqN [kkus dks gks rks tYnh cuk nksA dgh jkr esa [kkyh isV ikuh ihus ls isV u nq[kus yxsA ;g laLej.k iafMr nhun;ky mikè;k; th fy[krs gSaA ;s tks Hkko gS bls fdlh rjktw ij rkSyk ;k ehVj ls ukik ugha tk ldrkA if’pe ;g le> ugha vk;sxk fd bl dke ds mls fdrus iSls feysA ;k fcuk iSls fy, gh mlus ;g dk;Z dSls dj fn;kA lMd+ ij 2&2 #i;s esa dsyss cspus okyh efgyk 10 # esa 6 dsys nsus ls euk djrh gS ysfdu og ,d Hkw[ks cPps dks ns[kdj 2 dsys

mls [kkus dks nsrh gS vkSj tc mldk ,d xzkgd iwNrk gS fd og rqEgkjk fj’rsnkj Fkk D;k\ tks fu%’kqYd esa ns fn, rks efgyk dgrh gS fd ^^Hkw[kk Fkk blfy, ns fn;k] blesa T;knk D;k lkspukA vkbZvkbZ,e ds izksQslj dks ;g ?kVuk le> esa ugha vkrh] mls le> ;g vkrh gS fd vxj ,slk gksrk jgk rks vFkZO;oLFkk dSls pysxh\ vc vki bldh D;k ifjHkk"kk nsaxs\ ;g ifjHkk"kk cl Hkko esa le>h tk ldrh gSA ysfdu tc ekxZjsV ukscqy FkSpj Hkfxuh fuosfnrk cudj Hkkjr vkrh gSa rks Hkko flQZ Hkkjr dk ugha jgrk ;s Hkko gj txg gj d.k&d.k esa fo|eku gks tkrk gS vkSj blhfy, ;s Hkkjr dh lhekvksa esa u cl dj yksxksa ds ân;ksa esa clrk gSA ge bfrgkl dh ckr djsa ;k orZeku dh ckr djas] rdZ ds vk/kkj ij gesa Hkkjr ,d lk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tc ge dqN dVq&?kVukvksa dk mnkgj.k ns[krs gSa rks mu ?kVukvksa ds izfrdkj esa Hkh Hkkjr ds ekSfyd flðkar gh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA

blds mijkar tc ge Hkkjr dh O;kogkfjd ;k vkRefu"B Lo:i esa le>rs gSa rks geas gekjs lHkh iz’ukas ds mÙkj feyrs pys tkrs gSaA izkphu bfrgkl ds o.kZu esa tc Qkáku Hkkjr vk;k rks oks fy[krk gS fd Hkkjr esa ?kjksa rkys ugha gksrs] Hkkjr esa yksx f’kf{kr gSa] pksjh ugha djrsA oks Kku dh [kkst ds fy, lnSo iz;kljr jgrs gSaA bl izdkj dk fy[kus okyk og vdsyk ugha gS] eSxLFkuht ls ysdj eSdkys rd us u tkus fdrus yksxkas us ;g ckr dgh vkSj fy[khA fuf’pr gh ;gh oks ckr jgh gksaxh ftlus Hkkjr dks fo’oxq# dk LFkku fnyk;k FkkA vxj ge Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa tk,¡ rks ge ;g lc ds fy, ,d

izsj.kk Lo:i gSA

iUUkk/kk; Hkkjr Hkwfe ds fy, vius iq= dks fdl izdkj cfynku dj nsrh gS\ dSls ,d izdkaM vkpk;Z ,d Mkse dks viuk xq# Lohdkj djrs gSa\ dSls vkt tkiku] vesfjdk vkSj jfl;k tSl ns’kksa esa Hkkjr clrk gS\ dSls xSj Hkkjroklh Hkh dk’kh o gfj}kj ds rVksa ij tkdj Msjk clkrs gSaA vHkh rd geusa Hkkjr dks nwljs ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kk gSA geus Hkkjr dh ladYiuk dks if’pe dh ^us’ku F;ksjh* ls rqyuk fd;k gSA jk"Vª dh ladYiuk esa Hkwfe] yksx vkSj laLd`fr dk la;ksx gh jk"Vª dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA tc Hkkjr vkus okys fons’kh ;k=h ls iwNrs gSa rks og dgrs gSa viukiu vkSj Lora=rk mUgsa ;gk¡ vkdj vuqHkwr gksrh gSA og dgha vkSj ugha feyrhA ;g lLrk VwfjTe ugha gSA ;g ge lcds fy, ,d euq"; ds LoHkko dk vUos"k.k gS fd dSls ’kd] gw.k] dq"kk.k bl Hkkjr esa foyhu gks x,A dSls ,d flðkFkZ jktlh thou dks NksM+dj cqð cu tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa vkt orZeku esa Hkh fo’o ds fy, tks vk’p;Z fdlh fnYYkh ;k esVªks] lkbcj flVh es uk gksdj] dk’kh dh xfy;ksa es feyus okyk izlkn] gfj}kj dh xaxk vkjrh] ;gk¡ dk Kku] larks"k] O;ogkj vkSj vyx&vyx lekt esa lSdM+ksa mnkgj.k ns[krk gSA og ns[krk gS fd dSls iz;kxjkt dqEHk esa ,d fnu ds fy, fo’o dk 9ok¡ lcls cM+k ns’k cu tkrk gSA dSls yksx ,d nwljs ls feydj lq[k &nq%[k esa lkFk pyrs gSaA dSls yksx ysus ls vf/kd nsus ds Hkko esa fo’okl djrs gSaA ;g gekjk fo’o cU/kqRo dk gh Hkko gS tks loZlekos’k dh ckr djrk gSA ;g ogh Hkkjr gS tgk¡ la?k ds f}rh;

18



ljla?kpkyd flQZ ,d dk;ZdrkZ ds izse esa o’khHkwr gksdj pk; ihuk izkjEHk dj nsrs gSaA tgk¡ ehjk ds fy, fo"k dk I;kyk fo"k jfgr gks tkrk gSA ;g Hkkjr dks orZeku vkSj bfrgkl ds niZ.k esa O;kogkfjd :i ls vuqHkwfr gS tgk¡ ge Lo;a Hkkjr cudj thrs gSaA

Hkkjr ds thoar vkSj xfreku gksus dk vFkZ gS fd Hkkjr es izR;sd {k.k uo ltZuk gksuk] u;h ftKklkvkas dk tUe gksukA Hkkjr D;ksa fo’o xq# gqvk\ D;ksa ;gk¡ dh izd`fr ’k’;’;keyk gqbZ\ dSls cafdepUnz us caxky dks ns[kdj ,d xhr esa lEiw.kZ Hkkjr dk izfrfuf/kRo dj fn;k D;ksa ;gk¡ laxhr dh lk/kuk dh tkrh gS\ D;ksa ;gk¡ Kku&foKku dh [kkst fujarj tkjh gS\ D;ksa geus ccZjrk ugha fl[kh\ D;ksa v;ks/;k ds jke vkt Hkh caxky ds tu&tu esa clrs gS\a D;ksa Hkkjr esa egkHkkjr dk mn; gksrk gS\] dSls >kj[kaM ds taxykas eas /kuq"k&rhj dks vius vkjkè; dk izrhd ekudj iwtk djrs gSa\ dSls ns’kHkj ds tu&leqnk; us ,d ls Hkkjr ekrk dh t; cksydj 1300 o"kkZsa dh vkØe.kdkfj;kas ds djrwrksa ls eqfDr ikbZ\ dSls }kn’k T;ksfrfyZax us geesa ,d lg&vfLrRo dk Hkko tx;k\ bu lc fo"k;kas ds fy, gesa vius ewy fparu esa ykSVuk gksxkA blfy, if’pe dh jk"Vª dh vo/kkj.kk ls Hkkjr dh jk"Vª dh vo/kkj.kk vyx gSA dSls if’pe dk fQykWlQj Hkkjr ds nk’kZfud vkSj fpard ls fHkUUk gS\ dSLks Hkkjr dk /keZ if’pe ds fjfytu ls vyx gS\ blhfy, tc ge Hkkjr dks e`R;qat; Hkkjr dgrs gSa rks rc gesa ;g ckr le> esa vkrh gS fd tc ge Hkkjr dks ,d lkaLd`frd bdkbZ cksyrs gSa rc vHkkjrh; bl ckr dks ugha

le> ldrsA og ;g ugha le> ldrs fd D;ksa Jh ek[kuyky prqosZnh th us viuh dfork esa dgk &

^^eq>s rksM+ ysuk ouekyh] ml iFk ij nsuk rqe Qasd A

ekr`Hkwfe ij ’kh’k dVk;sa] ftl iFk tk;sa ohj vusd AA**

og Lo;a dks ,d Qwy ds :i eas ekuus gq, dgrs gSa fd jk"Vª ds ohjkas ds iFk ij eq>s UoksNkoj dj nsukA D;ksa eSFkyh’kj.k xqIr fy[krs gSa fd &

ftldks u fut xkSjo rFkk] fut ns’k dk vfHkeku gSA

og uj ugha gS uj i’kq fujk vkSj e`rd leku gSAA

,d dfo us dgk gS &

tks Hkjk ugha Hkkoksa ls] cgrk ftlesa jl /kj ughaA

og ân; ugha gS iRFkj gS] ftlesa Losn’k dk I;kj ughaAA

D;k ;g Hkko ge fdlh iSekus ij uki ldrs gSa D;k\ budk otu rkSyk tk ldrk gS D;k\ ugha] cl bu Hkkoksa dks ft;k tk ldrk gS] vuqHkwr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Hkkjr dh dSLkh lqUnj ifjHkk"kk gS &

Hkkjr ekrk dk ;g eafnj gS] lerk o laokn tgk¡ A

lcdk f’ko dY;k.k ;gk¡] ikos lHkh izlkn ;gk¡AA

tkfr&/keZ ;k lEiznk; dk]

ugha Hksn&O;o/kku ;gk¡A

lcdk Lokxr lcdk vknj] lcdk eku&lEeku ;gk¡A

;g /keZ ge gh le> ldrs gSaA tgk¡ ;ksxs’oj d`".k ;qð dh foHkhf"kdk esa Hkh xhrk dk mins’k lqukrs gSaA ;g /kS;Z dk Kku Hkh gekjs gh ikl gSA ge tkurs gSa fd lBs lkB~;a lekpjsr~ vkSj ’kkUra ikie~ v}Sre~ dk lw{e fo’ys"k.k dj dSLks eè;e ekxZ fudkyk tk,A ge viZ.k&leiZ.k] vk[;k&O;k[;k dk Hksn tkurs gSa rks fuf’pr gh ge vius fu.kZ;ksa esa foosd dk egÙo Hkh tkurs gSaA

ftl iratfy ;ksxlw= us lq{e Lrj ij vUreZu dh ;k=k djus dk ekè;e iznku fd;k mlh ekè;e ls ge Hkkjr dks vuqHko ds Lrj ij le> ldrs gSaA D;ksafd ;g Kku izkd`frd :i ls lrr :i ls gekjh psruk esa fo|eku gS D;ksafd Hkkjr dk vuqHko ds Lrj ij O;k[;k djuk ftruk dfBu gS] vuqHko ds Lrj ij mls vkRelkr~ dj ysuk mruk gh ljy gSA

vHkh rd geus Hkkjr dks tkuus ds fo"k;kuqxr vkSj O;ogkfjd ekè;e dks bfrgkl vkSj lkfgR; ds niZ.k ls ewY;kas vkSj laLdkjkas ds i{k eas tkukA vc Hkkjr ds blh fo"k;kuqxr vkSj O;ogkfjd ekè;e dks vk/kqfudrk rFkk thou dh vko’;drkvksa ds i{k esa tkuus dk iz;kl djsaxsA D;ksafd vkt ge U;w bf.M;k dh ckr djrs gSa vkSj bl U;w bf.M;k esa }an dk gh cksyckyk gSA tks ckrsa eSaus Hkkjr ds ,sfrgkfld i{k ds ckjs esa dgh og lc vkt ds le; esa eè;dkyhu] iksaxkiaFkh ;k f?kls&fiVs fopkj gh dgs tk ldrs gSaA ;fn

19



bl le; dks fopkjksa dk laØe.k dky dgk tk, rks vfr’;ksfDr ugha gksxhA gj pht ;k fopkj dh mi;ksfxrk ds vk/kkj ij leh{kk ^^vk/kqfud ;k csdkj vFkkZr~ vkmVMsfVM** dgh tkrh gSA lekt esa izkFkfedrk,¡ cny pqdh gS] ;qokvksa ds thou dk n`f"Vdks.k cny pqdk gSA euq"; dk thou uSfrdrk] lkSUn;Zcks/k vkSj vè;kRe ls cny dj jktuhfr] jkstxkj] lÙkk&’kklu] thMhih] bMsDl] vkarfjd vkSj ckálqj{kk] vUrfj{k vuqla/kku dh vksj tk pqdk gSA ;qok ih<+h ØkfUrdkjh <ax ls cnyko pkgrh gSA oSf’od "kM~;a= gekjh LokHkkfod xfr dks vo:ð djrs gSaA /kfeZd vkradokn vkSj dV~Vjrk pqukSrh ds :i eas gekjs lkeus gSA i;kZoj.k ds dkj.k cnyrk tyok;q ifjorZu dk pØ izR;{k fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA miHkksDrkokn dh va/kh nkSM+ esa ge lc ’kkfey gks pqds gSaA vkt ;qok lSU; O;oLFkk] yS.M fjQkeZ] vFkZuhfr] ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa] vUrjjk"Vªh; lEcU/kksa] vUrjjk"Vªh; O;kikj tSLks eqn~ns ij ckr djuk pkgrk gSA vk/kqfudrk dh nkSM+ es cus jgus ds fy, gesa oSf’od nkSM+ esa Hkh cus jguk gS vkSj vius Hkkjr dks Hkh cukuk gSA eè;e ekxZ fudkyuk gksxkA Mjuk ugha gS] lalkj dk dksbZ Hkh ;qx ;qð] t;&ijkt; ;k ØkfUr ds dkj.k vkjEHk ugha gksrk og u, yksxksa ds u, fopkjksa ds izfr leiZ.k ls gksrk gSA tSls iafMr enueksgu ekyoh; th MkWDVj vkacsMdj th ds lkFk [kM+s gq,A tks y{k.k gekjs lkeus gS oks oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k izkFkfedrk vkSj izkcY; gS D;ksafd mlus lqfo/kkHkksxh thou fn;k gS] VsDukWykth vkSj m|ksx blh n`f"V ds ifj.kke gSaA orZeku esa ge lwpuk ØkfUr ns[krs gSaA gj O;fDr ds ikl gkFk

esa lwpukvkas dk HkaMkj gS vkSj ;g lwpuk ØkfUr dk gh ifj.kke gS fd ge ^usjsfVo* lsV djus ds ;qx esa izos’k dj pqds gSaA bl ;qx esa tks /kM+k LFkkiukvksa ds fo:ð gS og fparu esa fueZe o fu"Bqj gSA tks ckr cqfð dh idM+ esa ugha vkrh og mls ugha ekurkA tks cqfð ls lgh fn[kkbZ nsrh gS og mudh [kqyh ?kks"k.kk djsxk pkgs og /keZ ds fo:ð gh D;ksa u gks] pkgs og uSfrdrk ds fo:ð tkrh gks ;k muesa lekt ds izse dk rkukckuk [kafMr gksrk gksA ysfdu ;g ckr lR; ugha gS fd vk/kqfudrk ;k U;w bf.M;k uSfrd fu;eksa dh vogsyuk djus dks foo’k djrk gSA ekrk&firk ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj Hkh U;w bf.M;k ugha gSA eafnjksa eas ’kjkc ;k ekalkgkj Hkh U;w bf.M;k ugha gSA

;fn bu lc fo"k;kas ls Åij mB dj geas Hkkjr dk cuuk gS rks Lo;a esa usr`Ro {kerk fodflr djuh gksxhA ;fn oks usr`ROk jke vkSj guqeku dk usr`Ro gS rks fuf’pr gh ge Hkkjr dks Hkkjr cuk,¡xsaA gesa i;kZoj.k ds izfr tkx:d gksuk gSA ge Hkkjr ds cusaxs vkSj Hkkjr dks cuk;sxasA gesa vius O;olk; esa Lo;a Hkkek’kkg cudj [kM+k gksuk gksxk rHkh ge vk/kqfud egkjk.kkvksa dks lg;ksx dj ik;saxsA gesa f’kf{kr gksuk gksxk rkfd bl miHkksDrkokn dh nkSM+ esa Hkh ge Lo;a dks lqjf{kr j[k ldsaA ges tkuuk gS fd oSpkfjdrk vkSj fUk"Bkvkas esa jk"Vª dks ysdj ?kVrh fpark vkSj {kqnz jktuhfr vkSj futh LOkkFkkZs ds /kq,¡ ds /kqa/k ls dqafBr gks jgh lksp dks Lora= djuk gksxk rc gekjk Hkkjr cusxkA vkt jk"Vª dh vo/kkj.kk ladqfpr djus gsrq ,d oxZ viuk ÅtkZ T;knk gh [kpZ dj jgk gS] ml jk"Vª ds izR;sd v;o; dks iqu% tkx`r

djuk gksxkA ftls ;g yxrk gS fd jk"Vª ds vo/kj.kk [kafMr fd, fcuk ns’k dk fodkl ugha gks ldrk ,sls Lo;a dh lk/ku ls mnkgj.k LFkkfir djus gksaxsA ,d oxZ ;g le>kus esa Hkh tqVk gS fd jk"Vª ds ctk; ,d [kkl fopkj/kkjk ds tfj, gh nqfu;k esa lq[k&’kkfUr yk;h tk ldrh gSA ysfdu Hkkjr dh viuh xfr gS og nsorqY; ekuoksa dh nso Hkwfe gSA cká fopkjksa dh ihM+k ;gh gS fd ge vius vfLrRo dks bfrgkl esa [kkst ysrs gSaA D;ksafd ftldk tUe igys gqvk ogha rks cM+k gksxkA rks if’pe ds ns’k ;g dSls Lohdkj dj ysa fd Hkkjr cM+k gSA ;fn geas Hkkjr dk cuuk gS rks j{kk] lqj{kk] d`f"k] O;olk;] [ksy] fuekZ.k ds {ks= esa gesa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djkuh gksxh tgk¡ [kM+s gksdj ge Hkkjr dk fuekZ.k dj ldsaA Lo;a dks izR;sd {ks= esa ’kfDr’kkyh cukuk gksxk rkfd U;k; dk lkFk ns ldsaA gekjh viuh f’k{kk ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k dks Li"V gksuk pkfg, fd fdl f’k{kk dh gesa vko’;drk gSA vHkh geus jLlh dks lkai le>k gS ysfdu lkai dks jLlh le>us dh xyrh uk djsaA drZO; vkSj lnkpkj ekxZ esa vkidk dksbZ ck/kd ugha gS tks yksx fdadrZO;ew<+ gksdj cSBs gSa] muds ikl flQZ ,d cgkuk gksxk fd gekjs ikl lk/ku ugha gS ;k m|e dh ’kfDr ugha gSA ;s lk/ku ;k m|e ugha gksuk flQZ HkkX; ds Hkjksls cSBs jgus dk ifj.kke gS ;s Hkkjr fu#|eh yksxksa dk Hkkjr ugh gS HkkX; ds fo#ð iq#"kkFkZ dh efgek lnSo ls jgh gS] d.kZ dgrk gS &

nSok;Ùke dqys tUe en;kÙke rq ikS#"ke~ A

gesa ,d ikS#"k iz/kku lekt ds

20



}kjk Hkfo"; dk ekxZ iz’kLr djuk gSA oYMZdi thrdj mls Lohdkj djus ls igys ’kSEisu dh cksry [kksydj ifjHkk"kk ghu vB[ksfy;k¡ djuk vk/kqfudrk ;k U;w bf.M;k ugha gSA og ljyrk iwoZd Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd tks yksx mUgsa vkn’kZ ekurs gSa os muds tSlk gh fn[kkus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA blhfy, geus jke dks Hkkjr dk vkn’kZ ekudj mUgas thoar ekuk gSA bl iwjs fo"k; dks ;fn la{ksIk esa le>k tk, rks tc vki fdlh iz’u dk mÙkj [kkstuk izkjEHk djrs gSa rc vki Hkkjr ds cu jgs gksrs gSa vkSj vki ml Kku&foKku] vkpkj&fopkj] O;ogkj] lnkpkj dks vxyh ih<+h dks mldh iw.kZ ’kqðrk esa fu"Bk ds lkFk LFkkukUrfjr dj jgs gksrs gSa rks rc vki Hkkjr dks cuk jgs gksrs gSaA

bruk gh ljy gS HkkjrA vc ;g fopkj gesa djuk gS fd tSlk gesa gksuk pkfg, oSlk ge gSa ;k fdlh vU; vkoj.k esa th jgs gSaA ;fn ,slk gS rks ge bl vkoj.k ls ckgj fudysaA ge Hkkjr ds cusa tgk¡ Kku&foKku dh O;k[;k u dsoy lw=ksa ls gksrh gS cfYd mldk izd`fr ds Åij iM+us okys izHkko dks ge Lo;a dh psruk ls vuqHkwr djrs gSaA blfy, Hkkjr dks cukus ds fy, dksbZ ckgj ls ugha vk,xk gesa viuk nhid Lo;a gh cuuk gksxkA ^^vkRe nhiks Hko**A ge Lo;a Hkkjr ds cusaxs fdUrq bl lHkh ckrksa dks Lohdkj djrs le; gesa è;ku j[kuk gksxk fd ge ftl Hkkjr dks cuk,¡ og lnk ds Hkkjr ls] Js"B gks lpeqp gh Js"B gks mlesa dsoy lq[k&lqfo/kk] Lora=rk vkSj Hkksx dh n`f"V ls gh Js"B u gks cfYd mleas ’kkfUr vkSj larks"k dk Hkh izkpq;Z gksA

;gh usr`Ro dh lk/kuk gS tc ,d o`{k ls u;k dk tUe gksrk gS rks u, vkSj iqjkus o`{k esa dksbZ fHkUurk ugha gksrhA ’kr&izfr’kr ogh xq.k ysdj izd`fr ds xq.kksa dks lEof/kZr djrk gqvk blh ijEijk dks vkxs c<+krk gS ftlls lqUnj ou dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA ;gh gekjs orZeku Hkkjr dh izd`fr gksuh pkfg,A

eSa iqUk% nksgjk nsrk gw¡ fd tc vki fdlh iz’u ds mÙkj dh [kkst izkjEHk djrs gSa rc vki Hkkjr ds cu jgs gksrs gSaA vkSj tc vki ml Kku&foKku] vkpkj&fopkj] O;ogkj] lnkpkj ds Kku dks vxyh ih<+h dks mldh iw.kZ ’kqðrkiwoZd fu"Bk ds lkFk LFkkukUrfjr dj jgs gksrs gSa rc vki Hkkjr dks cuk jgs gksrs gSaA tSls ,d oSKkfud dks cM+h [kkst djus ds fy, ,d lalk/kuksa ls ifjiw.kZ ,d iz;ksx’kkyk dh vko’;drk gksrh gS oSls gh HkkSfrd vkSj lkis{k iz;ksx gsrq gesa v[kaM Hkkjr Hkwfe dh vko’;drk gS ;gh Hkkjr ds HkkSxksfyd Lo:i dk egÙo gSA vkarfjd iz;ksx gsrq ;ksx vkSj vè;kRe ds Kku ls ge viuh prsuk dh laHkkoukvkas dk vUos"k.k djrs gSaA ;gh Hkkjr ds cuus vkSj Hkkjr dks cukus dk ekxZ gSA ,d ckr Lej.k j[kuk pkfg, ^;fn ge vius fopkjksa ls izHkkfor gksrs gSa rks ge okLro esa Hkkjr ds ;qok dgykus ds ;ksX; gSaA ;fn vki esa iz’u djus dh ftKklk gS rks ;gh ls izkjEHk gksrk gS HkkjrA ftl LFkku ij HkkSfrd vkSj vkarfjd vUos"k.k ds iz;ksx pyrs gks og gekjk Hkkjr gSA ,d mRd`"V iz’u dk uke gS&HkkjrA mlh iz’u ds lqUnj mÙkj dh [kkst dk uke gS HkkjrA ftruk lqUnj iz’u gksxk] mruk gh lqUnj mldk mÙkj

gksxk] mlh lqUnj mÙkj dh [kkst dk uke gS HkkjrA tks izfrHkk&jr gS] ’kksHkk&jr gS rFkk tks izHkk&jr gS ogh Hkkjr gSA gesa blh Hkkjr dk cuuk gS vkSj ,slk gh Hkkjr cukuk gS] ;g ;k=k fpjdky rd pyrh jgsxhA ¬ vkuks Hknzk% d`roks ;Urq fo’orks·nC/klks·ijhrklksn~fHkn%A ljy Hkk"kk esa dgsa rks + + +

Hkwyksd dk xkSjo]

izd`fr dk iq.; yhyk&LFky dgk¡]

QSyk euksgj fxfj fgeky;

vkSj xaxkty dgk¡\

lEiw.kZ ns’kksa ls vf/kd

fdl ns’k dk mRd"kZ gSA

mldk fd tks _f"k Hkwfe gS]

og dsoy Hkkjr o"kZ gSAA

21



{kerk dk fodkl dSls djsa \

{kerk vFkkZr~ fdlh&fdlh esa tUetkr gksrh gS] dksbZ&dksbZ fodflr djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA muesa Hkh dksbZ&dksbZ lQy gksrk gS A fdlh vU; esa ifjfLFkfr fo’ks"k ds dkj.k Lor% tUe ysrh gS&,slh gS ;g Hkkookpd laKk ^{kerk*A

;fn vki Hkh cuuk pkgrs gSa vkbZ +, +,l + rks D;k djsa\

,d jkspd rjhds ls è;ku djsa bl ckr dksA vius ns’k esa] ljdkj ds ra= eas] lokZf/kd {kerkoku ekus tkrs gSa vkbZ +, +,l + vf/kdkjhA os tks vkns’k dj nsrs gSa] ns’k ds fy, fu;e cu tkrk gS! cM+h dfBu izfrLi/kkZ esa ls lQy gksdj vkrs gSa os!

{kerk ds rhu dkjdksa dk fopkj djsa& #fp ¼bUVjsLV½] ;ksX;rk ¼,chfyVh½ rFkk dkS’ky ¼Ldhy½ bu rhukas ds igys v{kj tksM+ yhft, vki Hkh cu x, vkbZ +, +,l + !! vFkZ Li"V gS] tks vius dk;Z ;k y{; ds izfr #fp j[kdj] viuh ;ksX;rk ds {ks= dks igpku dj vkSj ml fn’kk esa dkS’ky dk fodkl djrk gS og gks tkrk gS {kerk lEiUUkA tks nwljksa dks ns[kk&lh[kh esa] fcuk viuh ;ksX;rk dks igpkus] #fp fy, fcuk ;k etcwjh eas iz;kl djrs gSa os rks vlQy gksrs gSaA

#fp dk {ks= igpkusa &

laHko gS fd vki brus HkkX;’kkyh gksa fd vkidh #fp dk {ks= gh vkidk

dk;Z{ks= Hkh cu tk,A ugha cuk rks D;k\ ,d dgkor gS Get what you like or like what you get. tks #fp gks] oSlk ikus dh dksf’k’k djsa] vkSj ugha lEHko gks rks tks izkIr gqvk] mlh esa #fp mRiUu djsa vU;Fkk thoui;ZUr dq.BkxzLr jguk iM+sxkA

{kerk fodkl ds fy, {ks= r; djsas

ftl {ks= esa vki viuh {kerk o`fð djuk pkgrs gSa mls lqfuf’pr djsa] Lokè;k; dj ;k tkudkj O;fDr;ksa ls ppkZ ds ekè;e ls ml {ks= dh egÙoiw.kZ tkudkfj;k¡ ladfyr djsaA mldh i`"BHkwfe ;k oSpkfjd vf/k"Bku le>s fcuk {kerk dSls vk,xh fQj mldks thou O;ogkj esa ykus ds fy, visf{kr dkS’ky lh[kuk gksxkA mnkgj.k Lo:i rSjuk lh[kuk gks rks iqLrd i<+dj] ;wV~;wc ij ohfM;ks ns[kdj ugha lh[k ldrs] ikuh esa mrjdj gkFk&iSj ekjus gh gksaxs vkSj ;g ,d fnu esa ugha lh[k ik;saxsA blds fy, /kS;Z iwoZd iz;kl tkjh j[kus gksaxsA fujUrjrk vkSj Bhd fn’kk esa iz;kl ds fcuk lQyrk dfBu gSA ;g vkids ;fn ,d xk¡o esa ,d lkS QwV [kksnus ij ikuh fudyrk gS rks vkidks yxkrkj mlh LFkku ij [kksnuk iM+sxkA 20 LFkkukas ij ik¡p &ik¡p QwV [kksnus ls ikuh ugha feysxkA vkf[kj ^^mfÙk"Br~ tkxzr** Hkh ^^izkI;ojkfUUkkcks/kk;r~** ds fcuk viw.kZ gSA ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vuqdwy gksa] vko’;d ugha fdarq eu%fLFkfr dks Bhd

eaFku

vouh’k HkVukxj’kSf{kd fpard o fopkjd] vusd fo’ofo|ky;ksa esa fofo/k fo"k;kas ij mn~cks/kufo|k Hkkjrh ds vf[ky Hkkjrh; ea=h

22



j[k dj] lek;kstu vkSj la?k"kZ djrs gq, vkxs c<+uk gksxkA

{kerk cuke lk/ku

{kerk fodkl ds dqN {ks=kas esa rduhdh i{k vkSj mldh ckjhfd;ksa dks Hkh tkuuk vko’;d gS] tSls dEI;wVj] okgu] ys[ku ;k i=dkfjrk] foKku vkSj rduhd ds fofHkUu {ks=] [ksy] ;ksx vkfnA dqN {ks=kas esa lk/ku Hkh vko’;d gksrs gSa & ik’pkR; [ksy] vk/kqfud oSKkfud o rduhdh {ks= vkfnA fdUrq {kerk fodkl vFkkZr~ lk/kuksa dk fodkl ughaA okgu ,d lk/ku gS] fdUrq okgu gksus ij Hkh vki eas ;fn pykus dh {kerk ugha gksxh rks okgu vuqi;ksxh jgsxkA

dqN fopkj.kh; fcUnq %

&y{; ds vuqlkj {kerk vftZr djuk ;k {kerk ds vuq:i dke djukA

ftruh esjh {kerk gS mruk gh rks dk;Z d#¡xk ;k tc dke dk nkf;Ro Lohdkj fd;k gS rks mlds fy, vko’;d {kerk Hkh rks eq>s gh fodflr djuh gksxhA rHkh y{; izkIr gks ik,xkA

&esjk {ks= vkjke dk ;k pqukSrhiw.kZA yhd&yhd pyus okyk ;k uohurkvksa ls iw.kZA ekf{kdk LFkkus ekf{kdk ;kfu fiNys dkxt ij ejh gqbZ eD[kh fpidh gS rks bl ij Hkh eD[kh ekj dj fpidkuk ;k viuh lw>cw> ls mlh dke dks ubZ fn’kk nsdj l¡okjuk ;g vkids lksp ij fuHkZj gSA

&;g djus dh esjh flðrk] ekufld rS;kjh fdruh gS\ blds fy, eSaus iz;kl fd;k fdruk\ eku fyft, cpiu ls eSa nkjk flag dk iz’kald jgk gw¡A igyoku eq>s cgqr vPNs yxrs gSa] eSa Hkh nkjk

flag tSlk cuuk pkgrk gw¡ fdUrq v[kkM+s esa tkrk gh ugha] fQj dSls igyoku cu ldrk gw¡A

&vk/qfud izcU/ku ’kkL= us SWOT

Analysis dh ladYiuk nh gSA S-Strength vFkkZr~ lcyrk,¡] W-Weaknesses vFkkZr~ nqcZyrk,¡] 0-opportunities vFkkZr~ lqvolj rFkk T-threats vFkkZr~ pqukSfr;k¡A bu pkj vk/kkjksa ij Lo;a dh rFkk dk;Z {ks= dh leh{kk djsaA viuh detksfj;ksa (Weaknesses) dks igpku dj mUgas nwj djuk pkfg,A

lcyrkvksa (Strengths) dks fodflr djuk vkSj laxBu@laLFkk@dk;Z{ks= esa vkus okys lqvoljkas dk ykHk mBkus rFkk pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus dh ;kstuk cukdj viuh {kerk vlhfer dh tk ldrh gSA

bZ & ikB’kkyk fo|k Hkkjrh e/;{ks= us ’kSf{kd xq.koÙkk ds fodkl dh –n`f"V ls vkWuykbu bZ & ikB’kkyk dk ’kqHkkjaHk fd;k gSA ;g bZ & ikB’kkyk lapkyu {ks=h; daI;wVj f’k{kk çeq[k ,oa vkbZlhVh çeq[k Jh jkds’k ’kekZ ds usr`Ro esa py jgk gSA bl ikB’kkyk esa 1000 vkpk;Z çR;{k vçR;{k #i ls ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSaA bZ & ikB’kkyk lks’ky ehfM;k ds fofHkUu IysVQkeZ WhatsApp] xwxy Dykl:e ds ek/;e ls fo|k Hkkjrh ds fofHkUu fo"k; tSls f’k{k.k dkS’ky] daI;wVj Dykl bR;kfn orZeku esa py jgs gSaA vaxzsth laHkk"k.k foKku ,oa xf.kr dh d{kk,¡ çkjaHk gqbZ gSaA çfrfnu çkr% 8:00 cts lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bZ ikB’kkyk ds ek/;e ls PDF cqdysV ds :i esa ’kSf{kd eVsfj;y miyC/k gksrk gS mlds ohfM;ks miyC/k gksrs gSa ftu dk v/;;u dj og vius desaV dj ldrs gS ;k ftKklk,¡ iwN ldrs gSa A lkFk gh çfrfnu lk;a 6:00 cts ç’uksÙkjh ds ek/;e ls ml fo"k; ds ç’u iwNs tkrs gSa ftudk rhoz xfr ls og mÙkj vkWuykbu nsrs gSa A

bZ ikB’kkyk dks Tokbu djus gsrq e/; {ks= ds daI;wVj f’k{kk çeq[k Jh jkds’k ’kekZ ds WhatsApp uacj 9424426409 ij eSlst Hkstdj bZ & Dykl :e Tokbu dh tk ldrh gSA

23



d{kk esa ‘kSf{kd ifj.kke&,d vuqHko

izR;sd euq"; vius }kjk fd, x, dk;Z dk vPNk ifj.kke pkgrk gSA blds fy, og fofHkUUk izdkj ds iz;Ru Hkh djrk gSA dk;Z dk fu;kstu] mls iwjk djus dh izfØ;k] lalk/kuksa dk leqfpr iz;ksx rFkk le;≤ ij fd, x, dk;Z dk ewY;kadu ;s lHkh ml dk;Z dks iwjk djus ds miØe gSaA

& dk;Z dk ifj.kke dSls feyk\

& D;k og visf{kr ifj.kke Fkk\

& ;fn vis{kkuqdwy ifj.kke ugha feyk rks dkj.k D;k Fks\

& visf{kr ifj.kke u feyus ij dkj.kkas dk irk dj mudk fuokj.k fd;k D;k\

& fuokj.k i’pkr~ fQj vkdyu fd;k D;k\

& var esa ifj.kke dSlk jgk\

,d vPNk dk;Z djus okys O;fDr ds lEeq[k ;s iz’u vkrs gh gSaA vkb, mi;qZDr dFku dks ,d vkpk;Z gksus ds ukrs viuh d{kk esa iz;ksx djsaA okLro esa bl izlax ls tqM+k vuqHko fiNys Qjojh ekg eas fo|k Hkkjrh >kj[kaM jkT; ds ftyk dsUnzksa ij izokl ds le; vusd LFkkukas ij esjs lEeq[k vk;kA izokl ds Øe esa ,d fnu eSa cksdkjks LVhy fLkVh ds vius ,d fo|ky; esa FkkA fo|ky; esa ’kS{kf.kd izxfr ds fy, fd, tk jgs iz;Ruksa dh tkudkjh djrs le; fofHkUu

d{kkvksa ls tqM+s vuqHko ikBdksa ds le{k j[k jgk gw¡A

&igyk izlax d{kk "k"B ds fgUnh fo"k; esa fo’ks"k.k ikB ds f’k{k.k ls tqM+k gSA bl ikB ds f’k{k.k ds i’pkr~ vkpk;Z us ;g tkuus dk iz;Ru fd;k fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fo’ks"k.k dh tkudkjh fdruh o dSlh gks ikbZA bl volj ij tks ifj.kke izkIr gqvk] eSa Hkh mldk izR;{kn’khZ FkkA

&d{kk ds 42 fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls 8 us crkbZ xbZ ifjHkk"kk vkSj f’k{k.k ds le; fn, x, mnkgj.kksa dks crk;kA

&5 fo|kFkhZ ,sls Fks tks fn, x, mnkgj.kksa ds vfrfjDr Hkh dqN vU; mnkgj.k tksM+rs gq, mÙkj fn, FksA

&’ks"k fo|kFkhZ ;k rks pqi Fks ;k ,d nwljs dks ns[krs gq, vuqÙkfjr FksA

bl ifjfLFkfr eas LokHkkfod gS fd vkpk;Z cgqr mRlkfgr ugha gq,A esjs ikl vkdj ;g dgus yxs fd eSaus dksf’k’k rks iwjh dh ij yxrk gS cPps mls le> gh ugha ik,A ,sls esa eSaus mudks izksRlkgu nsrs gq, dgk fd d{kk ds 5 cPps rks vPNk mÙkj ns jgs FksA nsf[k, fQj ls ,d iz;Ru vkSj dhft, rFkk lksfp, fd vPNk ifj.kke fey dSls fey ldrk gS\

blh Øe esa vkpk;Z th us iqu% fo’ks"k.k ikB dh tkudkjh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lEeq[k izLrqr dhA gk¡ bl ckj muds

iz;ksx

jktsUnz flag c?ksyiwoZ iz/kkuk;ZHkkjrh; f’k{kk ifj"kn~¼m +iz +½ ds iwoZ lfpo] ’kSf{kd ys[kd]dk;ZdrkZ izf’k{k.k la;kstd fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f’k{kk laLFkkuA 47 o"kksaZ dk f’k{k.k&izf’k{k.k dk vuqHkoA iz’kklfud izca/ku esa rK

24



iz;Ru esa dqN vf/kd u;kiu Fkk vkSj d{kk ds ifjos’k ls tqM+s gh vusd mnkgj.k izLrqr fd,A muds iz;Ru bl izdkj ls Fks &

&os d{kk ds cPpksa dk uke ysdj mudh fo’ks"krk crk jgs FksA

&d{kkd{k esa miyC/k lkefxz;kas dh D;k fo’ks"krk gS ¼mudk vkdkj] jax] la[;k vkfn½ muls tqM+s mnkgj.k ns jgs FksA

&fo|ky; ifjlj esa fLFkr LFkkukas dh fo’ks"krk Hkh crkbZA

&d{kk ds Nk=ksa dks ,d nwljs ds lEeq[k [kM+s gksdj lkeus okys Nk= dh D;k fo’ks"krk gS] ;g crkus dks dg jgs FksA

&d{kk d{k esa 3 lewg cukdj ,d dks ckgj izkax.k esa] nwljs lewg dks cjkens esa rFkk rhljs lewg dks d{kk d{k esa gh jgus fn;k rFkk muls dgk fd tks Hkh oLrq ns[ksa mldh fo’ks"krk D;k gS vkSj mudh tkudkjh djds vkus dks dgkA

&,slh tkudkjh djds vkus ij fo’ks"k.k ds lkFk Nk= ;g Hkh crk jgs Fks fd oLrq dk jax] mldh la[;k mldk vkdkj dSLkk gS\ ;|fi mUgsa vHkh fo’ks"k.k ds izdkj ugha crk, x, FksA

&LokHkkfod gS fd ,slk djus ls cPpksa dh vf/kd la[;k esa Hkkxhnkjh jghA cPps u, izdkj ds dk;Z ls mRlkfgr FksA

&vusd mnkgj.k fo|ky; ifjlj o d{kk d{k ls tqM+s gksus ds dkj.k lqyHk vkSj ljy FksA

blls vusd iz’u mBrs gSa&

&D;k d{kk ds os cPPks tks izk;% mÙkj nsus

esa ladksp djrs ;k pqi gh jgrs gSa] os Hkh mÙkj nsus dk iz;Ru dj jgs Fks\

&ifj.kke LOk:i f’k{k.k ds i’pkr~ vkpk;Z dk mRlkg nksxquk gh ugha cfYd mlls Hkh vf/kd FkkA

&mUgksaus ;g Hkh crk;k fd vkt d{kk ds lHkh Lrj ds cPpksa us mÙkj fn;k vkSj tks Hkh LOk;a vuqHko djds ns[kk ;k le>k Fkk oSlk gh ifj.kke feykA

vkt fo’ks"k.k ikB dk izHkko ,oa mldh vuqHkotU; tkudkjh Nk=ksa dks dSls izkIr gqbZ] bldk ge lc vkdyu dj ldrs gSaA

nwljk vuqHko xf.kr fo"k; ls lEcfU/kr gS

d{kk eas lkaf[;dh dk ikB i<+kus dk rhljk fnu FkkA fo"k; ls lEcfU/kr f’k{k.k ds Øe esa vkpk;Z th us 3 iz’u vH;kl ds fy, fn,A vkpk;Z th ls eSaus tkuuk pkgk fd ;s 3 iz’u gy djus esa cPpksa dks fdruk le; yxsxk\ mudk dguk Fkk fd 8 ls 10 feuV eas Nk= loky dks gy dj ysaxsA iz’u gy djus ds Øe esa tks n`’; esjs lkeus mifLFkr gqvk mldk fooj.k bl izdkj gS &

& ml d{kk esa 40 fo|kFkhZ Fks] lcls igys 9 Nk=ksa us nksukas iz’u gy dj fy;k FkkA

&vkpk;Z th us buesa ls 3 ds mÙkj dh tk¡p dj mUgsa ’ks"k 6 esa ls 2&2 ds mÙkj tk¡pus dh ftEesnkjh nhA tkudkjh feyh fd lHkh ukS ds mÙkj lgh FksA mu 9 cPps us ek=k 8 feuV esa rhuksa iz’u gy dj fy, FksA

&;g Hkh tkudkjh feyh fd vxys 18 Nk=ksa esa ls 10 Nk=ksa ds mÙkj ,oa fof/k fcydqy Bhd Fkh ij 8 ds mÙkj v/kwjs FksA bu 8 Nk=ksa us mÙkj ’kqð D;ksa ugha fn, bldh tkudkjh ds fy, muls iwNk x;k rks 5 dk dguk Fkk fd eSaus ;g xyrh vfrfo’okl ds dkj.k tYnh esa fd;kA ’ks"k 3 us crk;k fd mudh ladYiuk Li"V ugha gqbZA blfy, iz’u dk vk/kk mÙkj Bhd ls ugha ns ik,A

&bu 18 Nk=ksa dks ;s rhu iz’u gy djus esa 12 feuV yxsA

&’ks"k cps 13 Nk=ksa us 3 iz’ukas dks gy djus esa 18 feUkV yxk, A 13 esa ls 9 ds mÙkj Bhd FksA

&vxys Øe esa 13 cPpksa us crk;k fd os iz’u gy dj pqds gSaA bu Nk=ksa ds mÙkj

25



izFke ckj ftu 9 Nk=ksa us iz’u gy fd, Fks] tk¡p fd;k lHkh 9 ds mÙkj lgh FksA ;|fi mUgksaus vf/kd le; fy;kA ’ks"k 4 ds mÙkj ,oa fof/k Hkh xyr FksA iwNus ij dkj.k crk;k fd mUgsa iz’u dk vk’k; Li"V ugha FkkA

&40 esa ls ’ks"k 4 cPps vc rd 25 feuV esa Hkh mÙkj ugha ns ldsA irk pyk fd muds mÙkj v/kwjs Fks ;k mÙkj gh ugha fn;kA ckr djus ij mUgksaus Li"V fd;k fd mUgsa xf.kr fo"k; esa #fp ugha gS blfy, iz’u dks le> ugha ik,A

lEiw.kZ ifj.kke vkpk;Z th ds lkeus FkkA ;|fi muds dFku ds vuqlkj 08&10 feuV esa lc cPps rhuksa iz’u gy rks ugha dj ik, ij ;g o`r tkudj os vkufUnr FksA D;ksafd mUgksaus vuqHko fd;k fd

&d{kk ds 40 esa ls 9 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh vo/kj.kk Li"V gS blfy, tYnh ls lgh mÙkj ns ldrs gSaA ;s 9 Nk= nwljs Nk=ksa ds mÙkj dks tk¡p Hkh ldrs gSaA vFkkZr~ buesa usr`Ro djus dh {kerk Hkh gSA

&’ks"k 19 fo|kFkhZ mÙkj rks ’kqð nsrs gSa mudks vo/kj.kk o le> Hkh gS ij fo’okl de gksus ds dkj.k le; vf/kd yxkA blfy, bUgsa ’kh?kzrk ls ’kqð mÙkj nsus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,A

&bu 40 esa ls 5 ds mÙkj v’kqð gq, D;ksafd os vfrfo’okl esa xyrh dj x,] bUgsa bl n`f"V ls lko/ku djuk gksxkA

&03 Nk=ksa ds mÙkj blfy, v’kqð gq, fd mUgsa fo"k; dh LIk"V vo/kj.kk gh ugha gSA budh le> fodflr djus ds fy, muds

xf.kr ds ckSfðd Lrj dh tkudkjh djds rnuqlkj iz;Ru djus gksasxsA

&d{kk ds ftu 04 Nk=kas us vUr rd vk/ks&v/kwjs mÙkj fn;k ;k dqN ugha dj ik, mudh le> dks c<+kus ds vuq:i iz;Ru djus gksaxsA

cksdkjks LVhyflVh fLFkr bl fo|k eafnj ds bu nks vkpk;ksaZ dks lkewfgd cSBd esa f’k{k.k ls tqM+s vius&vius vuqHkoksa dks lcds le> izdV djus dk volj fn;k x;kA LokHkkfod gS fd lHkh vkpk;ksZa us vkUkUn dk vuqHko rks fd;k gh lkFk gh f’k{k.k ds ckn ’kSf{kd lEizfIr dh fn’kk esa lcdh izfrcðrk vf/kd lqn`<+ gqbZA

& & & & 0 & & & & &

d{kk 9 esa xf.kr dh bl d{kk ds Nk=ksa dk iwjk n`’; vkids lkeus bl izdkj ls gS &

Nk=k la[;k ’kqð mÙkj le; yxk le> dh fLFkfr

09 lHkh us 8 feUkV lHkh dks vo/kj.kk vkSj le> Bhd FkhA le; de yxkA

18 10 ds lgh 12 feuV le> rks gS ij le; vf/kd yxk;kA

05 ds mÙkj v’kqð vf/kd le; le> rks Fkh ij vfrfo’okl yxk esa xyr dj x,A

03 mÙkj xyr vf/kd le; vo/kj.kk o le> u gksus ds dkj.k xyr gqvkA

13 09 ds lgh 18 feuV yxk le> rks gS ij vf/kd le; yxkA

04 ds vk/ksv/kwjs 25 feuV ls Hkh le> gh ugha ik, vf/kd le; yxk fo"k; esa Hkh #fp ugha

26



jk”Vª loksZifj

/kjk 370 vkSj 35 , dks eksnh ljdkj us dwM+snku esa Mky dj bfrgkl jp fn;kA 5 vxLr 2019 dks tc dsUnzh; x`g ea=h Jh vfer ’kkg jkT; lHkk es cksyus dks [kM+s gq, rks cgqr de yksxksa dks gh vglkl Fkk fd D;k gksus okyk gS\ vxLr ’kq: gksrs gh d’ehj esa lqj{kk gsrq cM+s iSekus ij lqj{kk cy Hksts tk jgs FksA pkjksa rjQ vQokgksa dk ckT+kkj xeZ FkkA gj dksbZ vius&vius d;kl yxk jgk Fkk ijUrq eksnh ljdkj us ,d gh >Vds esa /kjk 370 vkSj 35, dks lekIr dj Mkysxh bldh Hkud fdlh dks ugha FkhA ljdkj ds tEew&d’ehj dks nks dsUnz ’kkflr izns’kkas eas foHkkftr djus ds QSlys us Hkh cgqrksa dks vk’p;Zpfdr dj fn;kA

/kjk 370 vkSj 35 , dks gVkus ds D;k Qk;ns&uqdlku gSa ;k fQj ljdkj us dkuwuh ispnfx;k¡ ds chp dSls bu dkuwuksa dks narghu cuk dj jktuSfrd QSlys dks veyh tkek iguk;k bu fo"k;kas dk dkQh ppkZ gks pqdh gSA vkt ckr gksxh ^jk"Vª loksZifj* flðakr ij pyus okyh eksnh ljdkj ds QSlyksa ijA mu QSlyksa ij ftUgkasus /kjk 370 dks [kRe djus dh tehu rS;kj dhA ;g og ljdkj gS ,d vksj tks iafMr usg: ds le; dh /kjk 370 dks èoLr djus dh fgEEkr j[krh gS rks nwljh vksj viuh ikVhZ ds iwoZ iz/kuea=h vVy fcgkjh oktis;h dh ijek.kq ce ds ekeys esa ^uks QLV

;wTk ikWfylh* dks Hkh fjO;w djus esa ugha fgpdrhA

dM+h fuank ls dMs+ dneksa rd

lcls cM+k ifjorZu tks fiNys dqN lkyksa esa cM+h f’kír ls eglwl fd;k tk jgk gS og gS Hkkjrh; usr`ROk ds l/ks dM+s dneA fdlh Hkh vkradh geys ds ckn ns’k ds usrkvkas rjQ ls cl ,d gh c;ku vkrk FkkA ge bl geys dh dM+h fuUnk djrs gSaA dku id x, Fks lqurs&lqursA ikfdLrkuh xqxZs geys ij geys djrs jgs vkSj ckr dM+h fuank ls dHkh vkxs ugha c<+ ikrh FkhA eksnh ljdkj us vkrs gh bls iyV fn;kA ikfdLrku ds vanj ?kql dj dh xbZ ^lftZdy LVªkbd* us ns’kokfl;ksa eas ;g Hkjkslk txk;k fd vc bZaV dk tokc iRFkj ls fn;k tk ldrk gSA

ikfdLrku vkSj phu ds lkFk varjjk"Vªh; leqnk; Hkh Hkkjr esa vk, bu cnykoksa dh O;kidrk dks ugha idM+ ik;kA blfy, tEew&d’ehj ds dqiokM+k esa tc ikfdLrkuh us fQj vkardoknh geyk fd;k rks mls vanktk Hkh ugha Fkk fd Hkkjrh; yM+kdw tgkt ikfdLrku esa ?kql dj ckydksV ds vkradh vM~Ms dks rckg dj nsxasA Hkkjrh; geyk bruk Hk;kud Fkk fd vkt Hkh ikfdLrku ds jh<+ dh gM~Mh esa luluh nkSM+ tkrh gSA gky gh esa ikfdLrkuh iz/kuea=h us vutkus esa

lkef;d

lat; ik.Ms;ofj"B i=dkj ,oa jktuhfrd fo’ys"kd] v +Hkk +fo +Ik +ds iwoZ laxBu ea=h] th U;wt] gkse Vhoh] ykbo bafM;k] tuer] ,u,u,u 7 lkmFk vÝhdk vkSj jaokMk lfgr ns’k&fons’k eas ehfM;k inksa ij dk;ZA

lEizfr&5 o"kksZa ls fjyk;al b.MLVªht esa , +oh +ih + dkWiksjsV dE;qfuds’ku ds in ij dk;Zjr

27



gh lgh bls dcwy dj fy;kA phu Hkh Mksdyke esa Hkkjr ds rsojksa dh ekj >sy pqdk gSA tc HkwVkuh lhek ij Hkkjr us phu ds ealwcksa ij ikuh Qsj fn;k FkkA

izks&,fDVo fons’k uhfr

dk¡xzsl d’ehj elys ds varjjk"Vªh;dj.k ij ljdkj dks ?ksjus dh dksf’k’k dj jgh gS ijUrq os ,d ckr Hkwy jgs gSa fd can njokts ds IkhNs lqj{kk ifj"kn~ ds ns’kksa dh cSBd eas phu dks NksM+dj ,d Hkh ns’k ikfdLrku ds i{k esa [kM+k ugha gqvkA 1965 esa tc vkf[kjh ckj lqj{kk ifj"kn~ us d’ehj ij ppkZ dh Fkh rks Hkkjr ds i{k esa 5 LFkkbZ lnL;ksa esa flQZ ,d gh ns’k FkkA bl ckj mYVk gS Hkkjr ds i{k esa 5 esa ls 4 LFkkbZ lnL; gSaA fIkNyh ckj :l us Hkkjr dh enn dh FkhA bl ckj ikfdLrku dh ykt phu us cpkbZ gSA ;kfu bl ckj ekeyk fcydqy myV gSA eqfLye ns’kksa ds lkFk nqfu;k ds reke ns’k Hkkjr ds i{k esa gSaA dgha dksbZ cM+k fojks/k dh [kcj ugha gSA ;g eksnh

ljdkj dh îzks&,fDVo* fons’k uhfr dh lQyrk gSA ,d vkSj cM+h fnypLi ckr gS fd igys Hkkjr nqfu;k Hkj esa ikfdLrku dh f’kdk;r djrk Fkk vc dqN ,slh rLohj gS fd ikfdLrku Hkkjr dh f’kdk;r djrk ?kqe jgk gSA

jk"Vª loksZifj

Hkkjr vc fopkjksa vkSj uhfr;ksa dh csfM+;ksa esa c¡/kus dks rS;kj ughaA igys /kjk 370 dks [kRe dj iafMr usg: dh xyfr;ksa dks Bhd fd;k x;kA fQj vVy fcgkjh oktis;h dh ijek.kq ceksa ds ekeys esa ̂ uks QLV ;wt ikWfylh* dks Hkh njfdukj djus dk QSlyk ljdkj us dj fy;k gSA bu nksukas îkfylh f’k¶V* ds dsUnz esa cl ,d gh flðkar gS &^jk"Vª loksZifj*A

j{kk ea=h jktukFk flag us lkQ dj fn;k gS fd Hkkjr ijek.kq ce ds bLrseky dh ûks QLV ;wt ikfylh* ls c¡/kk ugha gSA vxj Hkkjr dks yxk fd dksbZ ns’k ijek.kq geyk djus okyk gS]

rks Hkkjr Hkh bartkj ugha djsxkA Hkkjr vkxs c<+ dj geyk djsxkA ikfdLrku dh ijek.kq ce geys dh /kkSal vc lgu djus ds eqM ugha gSaA nwljs cM+s îkfylh f’k¶V* dh rjQ b’kkjk djrs gq, jktukFk flag us dgk fd ikfdLrku ls vc dsoy ikfdLrku vf/kd`r d’ehj ij gh ckr gksxhA bldk eryc lkQ gS fd ^f’keyk le>kSrk* vkSj la;qDr jk"Vª vc dksbZ ek;us ugha j[krsA Hkkjrh; d’ehj ij [kM+s lkjs loky lekIr le>s tk,¡A

/kjk 370 [kRe gksus ij jkrksa& jkr ’kkafr ugha gksus okyhA ;g ,d yEck îzkslsl* gSA tks t[e n’kdksa ls fjl jgk Fkk] mldh ltZjh dj nh xbZ gSA t[e iqjkuk gS bls Hkjus eas Hkh o"kksZa yxsaxsA iwoorhZ dk¡xzsl ljdkjksa ds îkfylh isjkfyfllks*a us ns’k dks tdM+ fy;k FkkA eksnh us u dsoy bls rksM+k gS cfYd ns’k dh vkdka{kkvksa ds vuq:i ,d u;k fganqLrku [kM+k djus dh dksf’k’k dh gSA mEehn gS fd vkxs Hkh eksnh ns’k esa dM+s QSLkys ysrs jgsxasA

28



dkjfxy ;kn jgs!

ubZ fnYyh ds clar fogkj esa ;wukbVsM lfoZl bULVhV~;wV esa dkjfxy ;qð dh 20oha o"kZxk¡B ds volj ij ,d ’kkunkj iqLrd yksdkfiZr gqbZA dkjfxy ds ’kghnkas vkSj tk¡ckt ohjkas ds ’kkS;Z dh nkLrku&dkjfxy&^vUkVksYM LVksjht Ýke n okj*A iqLrd esa ’kghnksa ds ifjokj okyksa ;k fudV ds yksxksa ls ckrphr ds vk/kkj ij jksekapd xkFkk fijksbZ xbZ gSA bl dk;ZØe esa ’kghnksa ds ekrk&firk vkSj mu thfor tokukas dk lEeku fd;k x;k tks th&tku ls yM+s Fks vius ns’k ds fy,( mu pan fdLer okyksa dk tks flj dQu ck¡/kdj fudys FksA nq’eu ds nk¡r [kV~Vs djds dkjfxy Qrg dj thfor vius ?kj ykSVsA dk;ZØe ds nkSjku~ ’kghn dSIVu lkSjHk dkfy;k ds firk Jh ,u +d +dkfy;k dk ohfM;ks lans’k fn[kk;k x;k ftlesa mUgksaus dgk fd og ^vius ’kghn csVs dh ’kgknr dk mfpr lEEkku fnykdj jgsasxs] ljdkjksa us 20lky ls ml fn’kk esa dqN ugha fd;kA* Jh dkfy;k loksZPp U;k;ky; esa dsl yM+ jgs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa ^tc rd lkla jgsxh yM+rk jgw¡xkA* oks pkgrs gSa] ljdkj ikfdLrku ls ckr djs fd D;ksa lkSjHk dkfy;k ds ekuokf/kdkjksa rd rd è;ku ugha j[kk x;k] D;ksafd tusok laf/k dk mYya?ku djrs gq, mlds vkSj mlds 5 vU; lkFkh tokuksa ds ’ko {kr&fo{kr gkyr esa ykSVk, x,A

tkus D;ksa ml dk;ZØe ls okil

ykSVrs gq, jkLrs Hkj Jh dkfy;k dk oks vkgr psgjk vk¡[kksa ds vkxs ?kwerk jgk] muds ’kCn dkuksa esa xawtrs jgs&^^tc rd lkal jgsxh yM+rk jgw¡xkA* ’kghn dSIVu lkSjHk dkfy;k ;kn gS u vkidks\ dkjfxy ;kn gS u vkidks\ ;kn gS u ml ;qð esa geus 23&24 lky ds 527 ukStoku vQlj vkSj toku [kks, Fks\ ;kn gaS u dkjfxy] cVkfyd] nzkl] rksyksfyax] Vkbxj fgy dh oks cQZ ls <dh pksfV;ksa ij viuk jDr cgkdj gekjh lqj{kk lqfuf’pr djus okys j.kck¡dqjsA ;kn gS u ;s ;qð 3 ebZ 1999 ls 26 ebZ 1999 rd pyk Fkk\ ;kn gS u bl ;qð vfHk;ku dk uke vkWijs’ku fot; FkkA ;kn gS u ;s ikfdLrku dh Hkkjr ij ;qð Fkksis us dh pkSFkh ukdke dksf’k’k Fkh] ;kn gS u ;qð ds fnukas esa ns’k esa dSlk tks’k dk tTck rSjrk Fkk fQtkvksa esaA dSls cPps viuh xqYydsa QksM+dj ;qð ds fnukas esa ns’k fgr esa iSlk lsuk ds dks"k esa tek djk jgs Fks] dSls ukSdjhis’kk vke yksx viuh ru[;kgksa dk ,d fgLlk iz/kkuea=h jkgr dks"k eas tek djk jgs Fks] vxj ns’k dh turk esa ,slk tTck Fkk rks fQj D;ksa ,d ’kghn ds firk dks vkt fcljk fn, tkus dk nnZ lky jgk gS\ vHkh fiNys fnukas dkjfxy dh chloha o"kZxakB /kwe/ke ls eukus okys ns’k ds fiNys d.kZ/kjksa us lsuk vkSj lkSfudksa dks misf{kr cuk, j[kkA ckr ’kq: djrs gSa mlh dSIVu lkSjHk dkfy;k lsA

vkyksd xksLokeh] lg;ksxh laiknd ikptU;[email protected]

chl o"kZ igys---

29



chl lky igys + + +

ikyeiqj] fgekpy esa dkfy;k ifjokj 12 fnlEcj 1998 dks t’u euk jgk FkkA ifjokj dk csVk lkSjHk Hkkjrh; lsuk esa vQlj tks cuk FkkA feBkb;k¡ caVha] fxís ik, x,A ysfdu t’u vHkh Fkek ugha Fkk fd dkjfxy ls M~;wVh dh iqdkj vk xbZA dSIVu lkSjHk vius ekrk&firk dk vk’khokZn ysdj igq¡p x;k dkjfxy dh cQZ ls <dh pksfV;ksa dh fuxjkuh djusA mldh pkj tkV jsthesaV dks vfxze pkSdh ij rSukr gksus dk gqDe feyk FkkA vfxze pkSdh fiNys dbZ fnukas ls cQZ ls <dh Fkh fygktk mUgsa igkM+h ls uhps dh pkSdh ij jguk iM+k FkkA 14 ebZ 1999 dh lqcg lkSjHk vius ik¡p vU; lSfud vtqZu jke] Hkaojyky ckxkfj;k] fHkdkjke] ewyjke vkSj ujs’k flag ds lkFk vfxze pkSdh ds gky nsus fudy x;k fd ns[ksa] cQZ mrj pqdh gks rks ogk¡ rSukrh gksaA mUgsa tjk Hkh vanktk ugha Fkk fd ml pkSdh ij D;k gkykr FksA ogk¡ igq¡pus ls igys gh mUgsa dqN balkuh gypy fn[kkbZ nhA os le> x, fd ekeyk xM+cM+ gS ’kk;n vkradh ?kqliSfB, vk tesa FksA

;s lkspdj mUgsa [knsM+us dh xjt ls os 6 tkackt vkxs c<+rs x, ijUrq muds eqdkcys ?kqliSfB;ksa ds Hksl esa cSBs ikfdLrkuh QkSth T;knk Fks] xksfy;k¡ pyha vkSj gekjs 6 cgknqjksa dks mUgksaus canh cuk fy;kA lkSjHk dh x’rh ikVhZ dk 2 cts vk/kj f’kfoj ls jsfM;ks lEidZ VwV tkus vQljksa dks gkykr uktqd gksus dh Hkud yxhA ysfdu rc rd nq’eu us mu 6 tokuksa dks canh cuk fy;k vkSj 22 fnu rd ;kruk,¡ nsus ds ckn muds ’ko dks

bl gkykr esa okil fd, fd ns[kus okys dh :g dk¡i xbZA vk¡[ks fudky yh xbZa Fkh]a psgjs ij pkdqvksa ds vufxur ?kko FksA gkFk iSjkas dh gfM~M;k¡ pwj &pwj dj nh xbZa FkhaA ;kfu i’kqrk dh gnsa ikj dj nh xbZa FkhAa lkSjHk ds firk dk xe ;gh gS fd vkf[kj D;ksa muds ;qðcanh csVs ds lkFk ,slk vekuoh; O;ogkj fd;k x;k\] Jh dkfy;k ds firk dh iFkjkbZ vk¡[kas dbZ loky [kM+s djrh gSa ftudk tokc ljdkj ;k vnkyr] fdlh dks rks nsuk pkfg,A

ysfdu tkackth dh ;s nkLrku flQZ lkSjHk rd lhfer ugha jghA ukStoku lwjekvksa us dkjfxy esa ’kkS;Z dh ubZ ifjHkk"kk x<+h Fkha] D;ksafd ikfdLrku nksLrkuk ckrksa dh vkM+ esa vius rRdkyhu QkSth tujy eq’kjZQ dh vxqvkbZ esa ’kkar ekus tkus okys dkjfxy esa cQhZyh pksfV;ksa ij vkrafd;ksa ds Hksl esa fiNys dqN eghuksa ls vius lSfud tek djrk jgk FkkA 3 ebZ 1999 dks ogk¡ ckfYVd lsDVj ds igkM+ksa esa vius ;kd pjk jgs pjokgs rk’kh ukeX;ky us ckgjh cksyh&Hkk"kk vkSj igukos okys dqN ?kqliSfB, dks ns[kk vkSj QkSju bykds ds QkSth dekaMjksa dks bryk nhA

Hkkjrh; QkSt us vkuu&Qkuu esa r¶rh’k ’kq: dh rks irk pyk fd dkjfxy vkSj mlls lVh igkfM+;ksa ij Hkkjrh; lsuk dh [kkyh pSkfd;kas] cadjkas esa vkradokfn;ksa ds lkFk Hkkjh rknkn esa ikfdLrkuh QkSth dCtk tek, cSBs FksA lkjh fLFkfr;k¡ irk djds 8 ebZ dks viuk bykdk [kkyh djokus ds fy, ^vkWijs’ku fot;* dh ’kq:vkr gqbZA ;qð 16]000&18]000 QqV dh Å¡ph cQhZyh pksfV;ksa ij gksuk

Fkk blfy, ukStoku vQljksa dks T;knk cqyk;k x;kA gkykr ,sls Fks fd ikfdLrkuh igkM+ dh pksVh ij Fks vkSj Hkkjrh; toku uhps dh rjQ [kqys eSnku esaA blfy, cM+h gksf’k;kjh ds lkFk jkr ds va/ksjs dk Qk;nk mBkrs gq, yxHkx isV ds cy jsaxdj gekjs toku pksVh rd igq¡prs vkSj ?kkr yxkdj nq’eu ij geyk cksyrsA fnu ds mtkys esa muds fy, vius ’kghn lkfFk;ksa ds ’ko ys vkuk eqefdu ugha Fkk] tjk [kqys esa vkrs fd pksfV;kas ls ikfdLrkuh e’khuxuas xksfy;k¡ cjlkus yxrhaA ;s lkjk vk¡[kksa ns[kk eatj gesa vius ’kCnksa ls fn[kk;k Fkk jked`".ku usA ml fnu og viuh ^onhZ esa* ’kghn dSIVu guhQqíhu dk ’ko ysdj fnYyh vk;k Fkk vkSj geusa mlls dkjfxy ds gkykr tkus FksA mlus crk;k fd dSls guhQqíhu tkackth ds lkFk yM+k Fkk] dSls mlus vius lkfFk;ksa dks ihNs jksd dj [kqn vkxs c<+us dh Bkuh Fkh vkSj nq’eu dh xksfy;ksa dh ijokg u djrs gq, viuh pkSdh dh rjQ c<+k FkkA dSIVu guhQqíhu dks xksfy;ksa ls fc/akdj ’kghn gksrs ns[k jgs Fks mlds lkFkh] mldh nsg dks lkeus igkM+h ij cstku iM+h ns[k jgs Fks ij yk ugha ik jgs FksA b/kj fnYyh esa guhQ dh ek¡ gsek vtht dks mlds csVs ds ’kghn gksus dh [kcj fHktokbZ xbZ] vkSj tc crk;k x;k fd mldh cstku nsg dks ykus esa D;k fnDdr vk jgh gS] rks cgknqj csVs dh fnysj ek¡ us dgk Fkk] ^^eSa ugha pkgrh fd guhQ ds nsg ykus esa fdlh vkSj ek¡ dk csVk fNusA tc gkykr dkcw esa vk tk,¡ rc guhQ dh e`r nsg dks ykbZ tk,A** vkSj ,slk gh gqvkA ’kghn gksus ds 22 fnu ckn guhQ dh e`r nsg pksVh ls uhps yk;k tk ldkA fnYyh eas] eq>s ;kn

30



gS dSIVu guhQ dh oks vafre ;k=kA e;wj fogkj esa mlds ?kj ls yksnh jksM dfczLrku rd Qwyksa ls lth xkM+h esa frjaxs esa fyiVh ’kghn dh nsg ij jkLrs Hkj yk[kksa yksxksa us Qwy cjlk;s FksA dfczLrku eas canwdksa ls lSU; lykeh ds ckn ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* vkSj ^dSIVu guhQqíhu vej jgsA ds ukjkas ls vkleku xawt mBk FkkA iwjk eSnku ns’kHkDrksa ls Hkjk Fkk vkSj gj ,d dh vk¡[ksa ue FkhA

i=dkj ds ukrs oks fnu esjs fy, Hkh fdlh jksekapd nkSj ls de ugha FksA dkjfxy ds ?kVukØeksa dh yxkrkj fjiksZfVax eas fnu ds ?kaVksa] igjkas rd dk gks’k u jgrk FkkA Fkylsuk ds ,d vQlj duZy fcØe flag gj fnu nksigj 3 cts ’kkL=h Hkou eas vkdj ge i=dkjksa dks crkrs fd vkt dh dkjokbZ esa Qyka pksVh geus okil ys yh gS A vkt ikfdLrku ds brus lSfud ekjs x,] Hkkjr ds ;s&;s liwr ’kghn gq,] oxSjg&oxSjgA 300 ls T;knk rksiksa] jkWdsV ykWpjkas vkSj eksVkZjkas ls jkst djhc 5000 xksys nkxs tkrs FksA vkfVZyjh rksi ls dqy 2]50]000 xksys nkxs x,A Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk us ikfdLrku dks fex 27 vkSj fex 29 yM+kdw foekuksa ls NBh dk nw/k ;kn fnyk;k FkkA lsuk ds vQlj dh crkbZ dksbZ lwpuk jksekafpr dj tkrh rks dksbZ mnklA ysfdu j.kuhfr rkSj ij cgqr [kkl cVkfyd] nzkl] Vkbxj fgy] rksykftax vkfn pkSfd;k¡ /khjs&/khjs Hkkjr ds dCts esa okil vkrs tkus dh [kcjsa fy[krs gq, tSls dye rsth ls pyus yxrh] rks ’kghnksa dh tkudkjh fy[krs oDr yxrk tSls dye Hkkjh gks tkrh FkhA vkt Hkh ;kn gS fd dSls ogk¡ ns’kHkfDr dk ,d Tokj tSLkk meM+ iM+rkA fnYyh esa ml

oDr vVy fcgkjh oktis;h dh ljdkj Fkh vkSj j{kk ea=h Fks xtc ds ns’kHkDr tktZ QukZaMhlA ljdkj us lsuk dks dkjokbZ dh jpuk vius fglkc ls djus dh iwjh NwV nh xbZ Fkh vkSj tgk¡ tks gfFk;kj pkfg, gksrs Fks ogk¡ oks miyC/k djk, tkrs FksA Hkh"k.k la?k"kZ ds ckn djhc 15 ebZ dks ;qð esa thr fey xbZ Fkh ysfdu lsuk xgu rQrh’k djds ;s iDdk dj ysuk pkgrh Fkh fd vc dksbZ vkradh ?kqliSfB, ;k ikfdLrkuh QkSth Hkkjr dh lhek esa ugha gSA iwjh tk¡p ds ckn vkf[kjdkj 26 ebZ dks vf/kdkfjd :i ls ^vkWijs’ku fot;* lQy jgus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA

ysfdu ;s ;qð vius ihNs dbZ loky NksM+ x;k FkkA ,sls loky tks dbZ lky ls j{kk vf/k"Bku dks eFkrs vk jgs FksA tSls lsuk ds fy, t:jh lktks&leku iwjh rjg ls Hkkjr esa D;ksa ugha cuk, tkrsA lSfudksa dh t:jrksa ds izfr mnklhurk Hkjh fuxkgksa ls D;ksa ns[kk tkrk gSA lsuk dks i;kZIr ctV D;ksa ugha fn;k tkrkA vkfn larks"k dh ckr gS fd 2014 esa dsUnz

esa lÙkk esa vkbZ ujsUnz eksnh dh ljdkj us lsuk dh o"kkZsa ls jgh f’kdk;rksa dks rqjar lKku esa ysrs gq, dbZ ekspksaZ ij dke ’kq: fd;k vkSj j{kk mRiknu vf/kdka’kr% Hkkjr esa gh djus dk bartke fd;kA lSfudksa ds osruekuksa vkSj lsokfuo`fÙk ij HkÙkksa esa le;kuqdwy o`fð dh] ,d jsad&,d isa’ku ;kstuk ykxw dhA

Hkkjr dk lSfud iSlk ugha] eku pkgrk gSA ’kkS;Z dk lEeku pkgrk gSA vius ij vkfJrksa dk mfpr è;ku pkgrk gSA fl;klr ls lsuk esa ;ksxnku pkgrk gSA Hkkjr dh lsuk nqfu;k esa vf}rh; ekuh tkrh gSA nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s yksdra= dh j{kk esa tqVh gekjh lsuk dk ijkØe esa dksbZ lkuh ugha gSA D;ksafd Hkkjr dk ohj gfFk;kj ls ugha] gkSlys ls yM+rk gSA dkjfxy Hkkjrh; lsuk ds mlh gkSlys dk lk{kh cuk FkkA vc ls 20 lky igys ;kn gS u vkidks!

31



Hkkjrh; varfj{k foKku ds fo’ofo[;kr oSKkfud

foØe lkjkHkkbZ

Hkkjr dh vkt varfj{k foKku esa vxz.kh jk"Vªksa esa /kwe eph gSA ferO;f;rk ls varfj{k ;ku izs{k.k esa rks Hkkjr us vesfjdk] tkiku] phu vkfn ns’kksa dks Hkh ihNs NksM+ fn;k gSA bldk Js; Hkkjr ds lqn`<+ varfj{k vuqla/kku dk;ZØe dh uhao j[kus okys] jk"Vªh; fopkj/kkjk ds iks"kd egku oSKkfud MkW- foØe lkjk HkkbZ dks tkrk gSA

foØe vackyky lkjkHkkbZ dk tUe 12 vxLr 1919 dks vgenkckn ds ,d m|ksxifr ifjokj esa gqvkA izkjfEHkd f’k{kk vgenkckn esa izkIr djus ds ckn os 1937 esa baXySaM x, o bUgksaus 1940 esa baXyS.M ds dSfEczt fo’ofo|ky; ls izd`fr foKku esa VªkbZikst dh mikf/k izkIr dhA baXySaM ls ykSVus ds ckn foØe lkjkHkkbZ us csaXyq: ds Hkkjrh; foKku laLFkku eas izkslhohjeu ds funsZ’ku esa ̂ dkWfLed fdj.kks*a ij vuqla/kku dk;Z izkjEHk fd;kA ml le; foØe lkjkHkkbZ izksQslj jeu ds lkFk ^dkWfLEkd fdj.kks*a ij dke djus okys ,dek= fo|kFkhZ FksA mudk igyk vuqla/kku ij ys[k ^n Vkbe fMLVªhC;w’ku vkWQ dkWfLed jst+* Hkkjrh; foKku vdkneh dh dk;Z foojf.kdk eas izdkf’kr gqvkA o"kZ 1940 ls 45 dh vof/k ds

nkSjku~ ^dkWfLed jst+* ij vuqla/kku dk;Z esa casXyq: vkSj d’ehj ¼fgeky;½ esa mPp Lrjh; dsUnz xsbtj&ewyj ^x.kdksa ij dkWfLed jst+ ds le; :ikarj.k* gsrq vè;;u fd, FksA f}rh; fo’o ;qð lekIr gksus ds ckn foØe iqu% dSfEczt pys x,A os 1947 esa dSfEczt fo’ofo|ky; ls ^m".kdfVca/kh; v{kka’k ¼Vªkfidy ySVhV~;wM~l½ esa dkWfLed jst+* ij viuk ’kks/k izca/k iwjk dj ,oa ih +,p +Mh + dh mikf/k izkIr dj Hkkjr ykSV vk,A

foØe lkjkHkkbZ ds fy, foKku fo"k; thou;kiu dk lk/ku u gksdj xgjs fo’okl dk fo"k; cukA ,d m|ksxifr ifjokj dh gksugkj larku ds ukrs mEehn dh tkrh Fkh fd os iSr`d O;olk; dks vkxs c<+k;saxsA foØe lkjkHkkbZ us fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls viuh #fp ds fo"k; foKku vuqla/kku dks viuk thou y{; cuk;kA bUgksaus dbZ dkWfLed fdj.k vuqla/kku rS;kj fd,A mUgsa tYnh gh vUrjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij ekU;rk fey xbZA mUgas dkWfLed fdj.k vuqla/kku ds dbZ vUrjjk"Vªh; laLFkkvksa dk lnL; o inkf/kdkjh cuk;k x;kA os ^varj&HkweaMyh; varfj{k*] ^lkSj Hkweè;js[kh; laca/k* vkSj ^Hkw&pqEcdRo* ij vuqla/kku djrs jgsA

MkW + gkseh tgk¡xhj HkkHkk ls lekurk

tUe’krh

ys[kd &fo".kq izlkn prqosZnh

,e +,l +lh + ouLifr ’kkL=ch +,M +¼jktLFkku fo’ofo|ky;½jktdh; mPprj ekè;fed fo|ky;] iz/kkukpk;Z in ls lsok-fuo`r] ys[ku& ekè;fed f’k{kk cksMZ jkTkLFkku gsrq foKku ds ikB~;&iqLrdksa dk ys[kulEeku % jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh mn;iqj}kjk ’kEHkwn;ky lDlsuk cky&lkfgRdkj iqjLdkjizdkf’kr iqLrdsa &cPpksa dh dgkfu;k¡] foKku dFkk,¡cky foKku mIkU;kl&varfj{k ds yqVsjs Hkh izdkf’kr

32



gkseh tgk¡xhj HkkHkk rFkk foØe lkjkHkkbZ ds thou esa vusd lekurk,¡ gSaA nksukas izflð /kuk<~; ifjokjksa ls lacaf/kr FksA nksukas ds gh ifjokjksa dh vis{kk Fkh fd os ikfjokfjd O;kikj dks vkxs c<+k,¡A nksukas us gh viuh #fp dks egÙo nsrs gq, foKku vuqla/ku dks viuk deZ {ks= cuk;kA nksukas us de mez esa gh jk"Vªh; o vUrjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij lQykrk,¡ izkIr dhaA nksukas u{k= ds leku viuh loksZPPk ped izkIr djrs gh vkdk’k esa ;dk;d foyqIr gks x,A MkW- HkkHkk dh e`R;q 56 o"kZ dh vk;q gqbZ rks foØe lkjkHkkbZ dh vk;q ek= 52 o"kZ FkhA nksukas gh vius ns’k ds foKku vuqla/kku ds nhokus Fks ,d us vkf.od ÅtkZ izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa rks nwljs us varfj{k vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa Hkkjr dk eku c<+k;kA vkt Hkh Hkkjr bu nksukas {ks=kas esa fo’o ds vxz.kh ns’kksa esa gSA

LoIunz"Vk

MkW- fodze lkjkHkkbZ ,d LoIunz"Vk Fks vkSj muesa dBksj ifjJe dh vlk/kkj.k {kerk FkhA Ýkalhlh HkkSfrd foKkuh ih +, +js +D;wjh ¼1859-1906½ ftUgksaus viuh ifRu esjh D;wjh ¼1867-

1934½ ds lkFk feydj iksyksfu;e vkSj jsfM;e dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] MkW +lkjkHkkbZ dk mís’; thou dks lkFkZd cukuk vkSj mlds fy, ns[ks x, LoIu dks okLrfod :i nsuk FkkA blds vykok MkW + lkjkHkkbZ us vU; vusd yksxksa dks LoIu ns[kuk vkSj ml LoIu dks iw.kZ djus ds fy, dke djuk fl[kk;kA Hkkjr ds varfj{k dk;ZØe dh lQyrk bldk izek.k gSA

ljy lg;ksxh O;fDrRo

MkW + lkjkHkkbZ esa ,d izorZd oSKkfud] Hkfo";nz"Vk] vkS|ksfxd izca/kd vkSj ns’k ds vkfFkZd] ’kSf{kd vkSj lkekftd mRFkku ds fy, laLFkkvksa ds oSdfYid fuekZrk dk vn~Hkqr la;kstu FkkA muesa vFkZ’kkL= vkSj izca/k dkS’ky dh vf}rh; lw> FkhA mUgksaus fdlh leL;k dks dHkh de djds ugha vk¡dkA mudk vf/kd le; vuqla/kku xfrfof/k;ksa eas xqtjk vkSj mUgksaus viuh vlkef;d e`R;qi;ZUr vuqla/kku dk fujh{k.k djuk tkjh j[kkA muds fujh{k.k esa 19 yksxksa us viuh MkDVªsV lEiUu fd;kA lkjkHkkbZ us Lora= :i ls vius lg;ksfx;kas ds lkFk feydj jk"Vªh; if=kdkvksa eas 86 ys[k vuqla/kku ij fy[ksA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh fcuk Mj ;k ghu Hkkouk ds MkW- lkjkHkkbZ ls fey ldrk FkkA fQj pkgs laxBu esa mldk dksbZ Hkh in D;ksa u jgk gksA lkjkHkkbZ lnk mls cSBus ds fy, dgrsA og cjkcjh ds Lrj ij muls ckrphr djrs FksA os O;fDr dks lEEkku nsus esa fo’okl j[krs Fks vkSj bl e;kZnk dks mUgksaus lnk cuk, j[kus dk iz;kl fd;kA os lnk phtkas dks csgrj vkSj dq’ky rjhds ls djus ds ckjs lksprs jgsA mUgksaus tks Hkh fd;k mls l`tukRed :i esa fd;kA ;qokvksa ds izfr mudh mf}xurk ns[krs gh curh Fkh D;ksafd os ;qokvksa dh {kerkvksa dk iwjk mi;ksx ns’k ds fy, djus dh lksprs FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd os mUgsa volj vkSj Lora=rk iznku djus ds fy, lnk rS;kj jgrs FksA

nwjn’khZ usr`Ro

dkWfLed fdj.kksa ij vuqla/kku djrs gq, MkW + foØe lkjkHkkbZ us ;g tku fy;k Fkk fd lapkj rduhdh] ekSle foKku]

lqnwj laosnu vkfn ds ekè;e ls ns’k ds vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fodkl esa varfj{k vuqla/kku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,xhA mUgksaus bl nwjnf’kZrk ds dkj.k gh mUgksaus Hkkjr ljdkj dks bl uohu {ks= esa dk;Z djus ds fy, izsfjr fd;kA vgenkckn esa HkkSfrd foKku iz;ksx’kkyk [kksyus dk liuk foØe lkjkHkkbZ us viuh ifRu e`.kkfyuh lkjkHkkbZ ds lkFk 1942 esa iwuk esa ns[kk FkkA vR;ar vYi lk/ku rFkk m/kkj ds LFkku ij izkjEHk fd, x, bl vuqla/ku dsUnz dks fodflr gksus esa vf/kd le; ugha yxkA HkkSfrd foKku iz;ksx’kkyk ds u, Hkou dh vk/kkjf’kyk 1952 esa lj lhohjeu us j[kh Fkh rFkk 1954 esa rRdkyhu iz/kuea=h iafMr tokgj yky usg: us mldk mn~?kkVu fd;kA ;g vuqla/kku laLFkku foØe lkjkHkkbZ dks vR;ar fiz; FkkA os pkgs dgha Hkh] fdlh Hkh loksZPp in jgs ijUrq os ges’kk bl vuqla/kku dsUnz ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekxZn’kZu ds fy, le; fudky gh ysrs FksA

cgqeq[kh izfrHkk ds /kuh

vusd {ks=ksa esa mUgksaus vxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA os dsoy lksprs gh ugha Fks cfYd fopkj dks dk;Z :i esa ifj.kr djus ds fy, es/kk’kfDr dk mi;ksx Hkh djrs FksA ;gh mudh lcls cM+h fo’ks"krk FkhA MkW +lkjkHkkbZ ds lg;ksx ls gh vgenkckn esa VsDlVkby ,slksfl,’ku dh LFkkiuk gqbZA bl laLFkku us ns’k ds oL= m|ksx ds fodkl esa cgqr gh egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;k gSA MkW +lkjkHkkbZ dqN le; rd bl laLFkku ds ekun funs’kd Hkh FksA 1962 esa foØe lkjkHkkbZ us vgenkckn esa bf.M;u bULVhV~;wV vkWQ eSustesaV dh laLFkkiuk

33



dhA bl laLFkku ds LFkkiuk ds ihNs mudh ;g lksp Fkh fd ns’k eas tYnh gh vkS|kfxd ØkfUr vk,xh vkSj m|ksxksa ds lQy lapkyu gsrq mPp dksfV ds izca/kdksa dh t:jr gksxhA 1966 rd MkW +lkjkHkkbZ bl laLFkku ds ekun funs’kd jgsA vPNh xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f’k{kk O;oLFkk ds izfr os lnSo ltx jgsA ?kj ds cPpksa ds fy, vPNh f’k{kk O;oLFkk gsrq mUgksuas ?kj ij gh Ldwy izkjEHk dj cPPkkas dks i<+kuk ’kq: dj fn;k FkkA foKku dh vPNh f’k{kk O;oLFkk gsrq vgenkckn esa ^lkeqnkf;d fOkKku dsUnz* dh LFkkiuk Hkh djokbZA buds iz;kl ls gh FkqEck esa ^bDohVksfj;y jkWdsV ykWfpax LVs’ku* dh LFkkiuk gqbZA tgk¡ fdlh Hkh ns’k dk O;fDr vkdj vuqla/kku dj ldrk FkkA f=kosUnze eas ^varfj{k foKku dsUnz* Hkh MkW +lkjkHkkbZ ds iz;klksa dk gh ifj.kke gSA ^Lis’k ,Iyhds’ku lsaVj vgenkckn*] ^QkLVj fczM fj;sDVj ¼,QchVhvkj½ dyiDde*] ^oSjh,cy ,uthZ lkbZDyksVªksu izkstsDV dksydÙkk*] ^Hkkjrh; bySDVªkfud fuxe fyfeVsM ¼bZlhvkbZ,y½ gSnjkckn* vkSj ^Hkkjrh; ;wjsfu;e fuxe fyfeVsM ¼;wjhvkbZ,y½ tknwxqMk] ¼>kj[kaM½*vkfn Hkh muds gh iz;klkas dh nsu gSA

foKku vkSj laLd`fr

Hkkjr esa Vsfyfotu ds ekè;e ls izlkj.k gsrq mixzg rduhdh dk fodkl fd;kA ns’k esa Hks"kt m|ksx dks c<+kok fnyk;kA MkW +lkjkHkkbZ Hks"kt m|ksx ls tqM+s mu pan yksxksa esa ls Fks ftUgksaus bl ckr dks igpkuk fd xq.koÙkk ds mPpre Lrj dk ekudhdj.k fd;k tk,A mUgksaus Hks"kt m|ksx esa bysDVªkfud vkWdM+k] izlaLdj.k vkSj lapkyu vuqla/kku rduhdh dks ykxw

fd;kA mUgksaus Hks"kt m|ksx dks vkRefuHkZj cukus ds fy, vkSj vusd nokb;ksa vkSj midj.kksa dk ns’k esa gh fuekZ.k djus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA os ns’k esa foKku dh f’k{kk dh fLFkfr ds ckjs cgqr fpafrr jgrs FksA bl fLFkfr eas lq/kj ykus ds fy, mUgksaus ^lkeqnkf;d foKku dsUnz* dh LFkkiuk dhA MkW +lkjkHkkbZ lkaLd`frd xfrfof/k;ksa eas xgjh #fp j[krs FksA os laxhr] QksVksxzkQh] iqjkRkRo] yfyr dykvksa vkfn vU; {ks=ksa ls Hkh tqM+s jgs A viuh ifRu e`.kkfyuh ds lkFk feydj mUgksaus eapu dykvksa dh laLFkk ^niZ.k* dk xBu fd;k FkkA mudh csVh MkW +efYydk lkjkHkkbZ cM+h gksdj Hkjr&ukV~;e vkSj dqphiqM+h dh izflð u`R;kaxuk cuhA

jk"Vª ds izfr leiZ.k

MkW +lkjkHkkbZ cpiu ls gh LokFkZ ls nwj ,oa vkstLoh fopkjksa ds O;fDr FksA mUgksaus jk"Vª ds oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k dks lnSo mUUkr djus dk iz;Ru fd;kA fons’k esa i<+us o iSLkk dekus dh xjt ls ugha vfirq Kku izkIr dj mldk ns’k ds fodkl gsrq mi;ksx djus ds fy, ;k=k dhA MkW +lkjkHkkbZ us vU; yksxksa dks Hkh vè;;u gsrq fons’k tkus o vè;;u iwjk dj Hkkjr ykSV dj ns’k ds fy, dke gsrq izsfjr Hkh fd;k A MkW +lkjkHkkbZ lj lhohjeu o MkW- gksehtgkWxhj HkkHkk ds fudV lEidZ esa jgs rFkk mUkds thou ij bu nksukas oSKkfudksa dk fo’ks"k izHkko iM+kA 1966 esa MkW +HkkHkk ds vkdfLEkd fu/ku ds ckn MkW +lkjkHkkbZ dks mudk LokHkkfod mÙkjkf/kdkjh eku dj vkf.od ÅtkZ ds fodkl dh ftEesnkjh lkSaih xbZA MkW +HkkHkk ds fu/ku ds ckn lkjkHkkbZ us ek= 6 o"kZ

ds dk;Zdky esa gh cgqr izxfr dj ns’k dk uke jkS’ku fd;kA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd ifj.kke izkIr djus ds fy, fo’ks"k iz;kl djus gksrs gSaA lkjkHkkbZ ;g Hkh ekurs Fks fd rsth ls vkxs tkus ds fy, Rofjr ekxkasZ dh [kkts djuh gh iM+rh gSA mUgsa muds varfj{k foKku ds {ks= esa mYys[kuh; dk;Z gsrq lu~ 1966 esa in~e Hkw"k.k dk lEeku fn;k x;kA ljy o eksgd O;fDrRo ds /kuh MkW +lkjkHkkbZ vpkud gekjs chp ls 30 fnlEcj 1971 dks pys x,A muds lEeku esa fr:vuUriqje~ eas LFkkfir ̂ FkqEck bDohVksfj;y jkWdsV ykafpax LVs’ku* dk uke vkSj vU; lEcð varfj{k laLFkkuksa dk uke cny dj foØe lkjkHkkbZ varfj{k dsUnz j[kk x;kA ;g Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqla/kku laxBu ¼bljks½ ,d izeq[k varfj{k vuqla/ku dsUnz ds :i izfr"Bk izkIr laLFkku gSA 1974 esa fLkMuh fLFkr vUrjjk"Vªh; [kxksy foKku la?k us fu.kZ; fy;k fd ^lh vkWQ lsjsfuVh* ij fLFkr csly uked ewu ØsVj vc lkjkHkkbZ ØsVj ds uke ls tkuk tk,xkA ns’k dh izxfr esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku nsus ds fy, e`R;q ds mijakr mUgsa lu~ 1972 esa in~e foHkw"k.k ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA Hkkjrh; nwjlapkj o Mkd foHkkx }kjk mudh iq.;frfFk ij 1972 esa Mkd fVdV Hkh tkjh fd;k x;kA mUgksuas ftu vkn’kkZsa dh LFkkiuk dh os vkt Hkh mrus gh egRoiw.kaZ gSa] tks muds le; esa FksA ;g izlUurk dk fo"k; gS fd gekjs oSKkfud muds infpUgksa ij py dj varfj{k vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa rFkk vkf.od ÅtkZ ds {ks= eas ns’k dk xkSjo c<+k jgs gSaA vk’kk gS fd fo|ky;ksa esa orZeku ih<+h muls izsj.kk ysdj ns’k ds fodkl esa ldkjkRed Hkwfedk fuHkk;sxhA

34



fdruh eanh&fdruh fpUrkvkfFkZd fparu

v’ouh egktuvkfFkZd fpard & fo’ys"kd

,lksfl,V& izksQslj] fnYyh fo’ofo|ky;

30 vxLr 2019 dks dsUnzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; }kjk vizSy ls twu dh frekgh ds fy, thMhih xzksFk ds vkadM+s izdkf’kr fd, x, gSa ftuds vuqlkj bl frekgh esa fiNys Ng lkyksa esa lcls de thMhih xzksFk ;kfu 5 izfr’kr vkdfyr dh xbZ gSA iwoZ esa 8 izfr’kr ls Hkh T;knk xzksFk fn[kk jgh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj ftls nqfu;k dh lcls rst xfr ls c<+us okyh cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk ekuk tkrk gks ds fy, bl izdkj ds lekpkj fopfyr djus okys gSaA ysfdu ns[kuk ;g gS fd D;k ;g /khekiu fdlh xgjh eanh dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS ;k ,d ekè;fed fLFkfr dh vksj\ D;k ;g /khekiu tYnh lekIr gks ldrk gS ;k yack py ldrk gS\ bl lEcU/k eas varjjk"Vªh; lykgdkj QeZ xksyeSu lSd dk ;g dguk gS fd ;g /khekiu /khjs&/khjs lekIr gksus okyk gSA ,f’k;kbZ fodkl cSad us Hkh fjtoZ cSd }kjk vf/k’ks"k gLrkarfjr djus ls vFkZO;oLFkk dks xfr feyus ds ladsr fn, gSaA ;kfu vFkZO;oLFkk eas /khekiu gksrs gq, Hkh fjdojh dh laHkkouk,¡ lh/ks rkSj ij fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSaA

dsUnzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; }kjk fiNyh frekgh esa thMhih xzksFk esa vkbZ deh dh rg esa tk,¡ rks irk pyrk gS] gkykafd lkewfgd vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj bl frekgh esa fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk eas xzksFk nj 7.7 izfr’kr ls ?kVdj ek= 5 izfr’kr jg xbZ gSA ysfdu ;fn {ks=d ds vuqlkj vkadMksa dks ns[ksa rks vFkZO;oLFkk ds rhu izeq[k {ks=d ,sls gSa ftuesa 7

izfr’kr ls T;knk xzksFk gqbZ gSA os gSa xSl bysfDVªhflVh] xSl okVj LkIykbZ vkSj vU; lsok,¡ ¼8.6 izfr’kr½] O;kikj] gksVy] VªkaliksVZ] lapkj ,oa czkMdkfLVax¼7.1 izfr’kr½] ifCyd ,MfefuLVªs’ku] izfrj{kk ,oa vU; lsok,¡ ¼8.5 izfr’kr½A d``f"k esa xzksFk 2 izfr’kr vkSj [kuu esa 2.7 izfr’kr vkSj eSU;wQSDpfjax esa 0.2 izfr’kr gh gqbZ gSA daLVªD’ku eas xzksFk 5.7 izfr’kr vkSj foÙkh; lsokvksa] fj;y ,LVsV ,oa izksQS’kuy lsokvksa esa Hkh 5.9 izfr’kr xzksFk vkadh xbZ gSA fiNyh frekgh esa ftl izdkj ls vkVkseksckby {ks= esa ek¡x esa Hkkjh fxjkoV ns[kh xbZ gS mlds pyrs thMhih xzksFk ds ;s vkadM+s dksbZ vk’p;Ztud ugha gSaA

’ks"k nqfu;k ds lkFk rqyuk Hkh t:jh

iz’u ;g gS fd D;k ;g eanh Hkkjr dsfUnzr gS ;k bldk ’ks"k nqfu;k ds lkFk Hkh laca/k gS\ vkSj ;fn gS rks gesa Hkkjr dh thMhih ds /khesiu dh rqyuk nwljs eqYdksa ls djuh gksxhA vkadM+s crkrs gSa fd fiNyh frekgh esa ’ks"k nqfu;k ds vf/kdka’k ns’kksa esa /khekiu vk;k gSA vefjdk esa tgk¡ bl o"kZ dh igyh frekgh esa xzksFk 3.1 izfr’kr Fkh] og nwljh frekgh esa ek= 2.1 izfr’kr fjdkMZ dh xbZA ;wjksih; la?k igyh frekgh dh xzksFk 0.4 izfr’kr Fkh] tks nwljh frekgh esa ?kVdj 0.2 izfr’kr jg xbZ A phu dh ljdkj us Hkh tks vkadM+s fn, gSa] mlds vuqlkj phu dh xzksFk dh nj igyh frekgh esa 6.4 izfr’kr ls ?kVdj nwljh frekgh esa

35



ek= 6.2 izfr’kr jg xbZA vkt fo’o ds lc ns’k vkfFkZd :Ik ls ,d&nwljs ds lkFk tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj ,d ns’k dh eanh vU; ns’kksa dks Hkh izHkkfor djrh gSA fiNys dqN le; ls py jgh oSf’od eanh ds pyrs Hkkjr ij mldk izHkko iM+uk LokHkkfod gh gSA tkudkjksa dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd nqfu;k esa vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh xfr /kheh gksus ds ihNs rsy dh c<+rh dhersa ftEesnkj jgh gSaA jkgr dh ckr gS ;g gS fd fiNys dqN le; ls rsy dh dhersa ?kVus yxh gSaA ,slk yxrk gS fd rsy dh dherksa esa ;g fxjkoV Hkkjr lesr iwjh nqfu;k dks eanh ls ckgj ykus esa ennxkj lkfcr gks ldrh gSA

/khesiu ds iSekus

vFkZO;oLFkk dh xfr dks lkekU;r% ek¡x dh xfr ls ekik tkrk gSA ,d vFkZO;oLFkk esa pkj lzksrksa ls ek¡x l``ftr gksrh gSA mlesa ls igyk lzksr gS miHkksDrk dh ek¡xA miHkksDrk fpjLFkk;h ,oa xSj fpjLFkk;h nksuksa izdkj dh oLrqvksa dh ek¡x djrs gSa vkSj ;fn mldk fglkc yxk;k tk, rks fiNyh frekgh esa lHkh miHkksDrk oLrq cukus okyh dEifu;ksa dh ek¡x esa o``f) gqbZ gSA fganqLrku yhoj dh fcØh esa fiNyh frekgh ¼vizSy&twu½ esa 7 izfr’kr o``f) ntZ dh xbZ] esfjdks esa 5 izfr’kr o``f)] Mkcj esa 1 izfr’kr o``f)] dkyxsV esa 4 izfr’kr dh o``f) vkSj usLys dh fcØh esa 11 izfr’kr dh o``f) ntZ gqbZ gSA blh frekgh esa fcx cktkj dh fcØh esa 8 izfr’kr o``f) ntZ gqbZ gS vkSj x``gLFkksa dks cSad _.kksa esa 16.6 izfr’kr okf"kZd o``f) ntZ gqbZ gSA ,;jdafM’kujksa dh ekax esa 5 izfr’kr] okf’akx e’khu esa 3 izfr’kr

vkSj jsfÝtjsVjksa dh fcØh esa 11 izfr’kr o``f) ntZ gqbZ gSA ;kfu dgk tk ldrk gS fd pkgs ,;j daMh’kuj] okf’kax e’khu vkSj jsfÝtjsVj esa /khesiu ds y{k.k ugha fn[kkbZ nsrsA

vFkZO;oLFkk esa ek¡x dk nwljk lzksr gksrk gS] ljdkjh [kpZA vizSy&twu dh frekgh esa fiNyh o"kZ dh rqyuk esa ljdkjh [kpZ esa 8.84 izfr’kr dh o``f) gqbZ gS] tks fdlh Hkh n``f"V ls larks"k tud ugha gSA

ek¡x dk rhljk lzksr gksrk gS] fuos’k ek¡xA fiNys o"kZ dh blh frekgh dh rqyuk esa bl o"kZ fuos’k dh xzksFk igys ls t:j de gqbZ gS] vkSj ;g ek= 4 izfr’kr jgh gSA

ek¡x dk pkSFkk lzksr gksrk gS fu;kZr ek¡xA ns’k esa fu;kZr ugha c<+ ik jgs gSa ;g lHkh Lohdkj djrs gSa] ysfdu nqfu;k esa py jgs O;kikj ;q) ds pyrs bl lEcU/k esa fLFkfr Mk¡okMksy jgus okyh gSA ysfdu ;g Hkh lp gS fd ;g fLFkfr fo’oHkj esa gSA

vkVkseksckbZy esa gS ladV

gqvk ;w¡ fd bl chp vkVkseksckbZy {ks= esa ekax esa Hkkjh deh ntZ gqbZ gSA def’kZ;y vkSj futh nksuksa izdkj ds okguksa dh ek¡x esa deh vk;h gSA ;k=h okguksa dh ek¡x gkykafd 2018 ls gh de gksrh tk jgh Fkh] ysfdu vizSy&twu frekgh ds gj ekg esa ;g deh ntZ gqbZA ;k=h okguksa dh ek¡x vizSy esa 17.1 izfr’kr] ebZ esa 20.6 izfr’kr vkSj twu esa 17.5 izfr’kr okf"kZd dh nj ls ?kV xbZA def’kZ;y okguksa dh ek¡x tks tuojh&ekpZ dh frekgh esa fLFkj Fkh] vizSy esa 6 izfr’kr] ebZ esa 10

izfr’kr vkSj twu esa 12.3 izfr’kr okf"kZd dh nj ls ?kVhA frifg;k okguksa dh Hkh fLFkfr Hkh yxHkx ,slh gh FkhA nqifg;k okguksa dh ek¡x vizSy] ebZ] twu esa Øe’k% 16.4 izfr’kr] 6.7 izfr’kr vkSj 11.7 izfr’kr okf"kZd dh nj ls ?kVhA ;g Hkh lgh gS fd bl {ks= esa ek¡x ?kVus] fcØh u gksus ds dkj.k LVkd c<+Uks ls m|ksx canh ds vklkj gks jgs gSa vkSj bl {ks= esa jkstxkj Hkh ?kV jgk gSA

D;k eanh ls gS vkVkseksckbZy ladV\

le>uk gksxk fd tgk¡ fu;kZrksa esa eanh varjjk"Vªh; dkj.kksa ls gksrh gS] vkVkseksckby dh ek¡x esa deh ?kjsyq dkj.kksa ls gSA ?kjsyq dkj.k eanh ughaa] cfYd cSafdax vksj foÙkh;u gSA ;g ckr Lo;a vkVkseksckbZy {ks= ds yksx dgrs gSaA xkSjryc gS fd fiNys dqN le; ls Hkkjrh; cSafdax {ks= esa ,uih, dh leL;kvksa ls xqtj jgk gSA bl leL;k dk cSadksa }kjk _.kksa ij [kklk vlj iM+kA nwljh rjQ ,uch,Qlh ;kuh cSafdax foÙkh; dEifu;k¡ Hkh Hkkjh leL;k ls xqtj jgh gSaA vkbZ,y,Q,l ?kksVkys ds ckn ,uch,Qlh {ks= esa Hkkjh ladV vk x;k gSA bu dEifu;ksa dh _.k nsus dh {kerk rks ?kVh gh gS lkFk gh cSad Hkh bUgsa _.k nsus ls drjk jgs gSaA xSj cSafdax foÙkh; dEifu;k¡ tks cM+h ek=k esa okgu vkSj ?kj [kjhnus ds fy, _.k ns jgh Fkha mudh {kerk esa Hkkjh deh vkbZ gSA ,uch,Qlh ladV ds pyrs y?kq m|ksxksa ds _.kksa ij Hkh izHkko iM+k gSA

vFkZO;oLFkk esa fj;y bLVsV xzksFk dks c<+kus dk dke dj ldrk gSA ;fn ?kjksa dh ek¡x ns[ksa rks irk pyrk gS fd cSadksa

36



}kjk fj;y bLVsV ds fy, igys ls T;knk rsth ls _.k fn, x,A bldk vlj ;g gqvk fd ?kj T;knk fcdsA ysfdu mlds ckotwn fcuk fcds ?kjksa dh la[;k esa deh ugha vk jghA ysfdu bl ckj ds ctV esa ,QksZMscy gkWmflax ds fy, tks cy fn;k x;k gS] mldk vlj tYnh gh ?kjksa dh ekax ij iM+sxkA vc T;knk dher okys ?kj Hkh ,QksZMscy dh Js.kh esa vk x, gSa vkSj ;gh ugha gkWmflax _.kksa dh vnk;xh esa bUde VSDl esa NwV dks Hkh [kklk c<+k;k x;k gSA ;g lc mik; gkWmflax dh ek¡x dks c<+kus okys gSaA

blh lIrkg fjtoZ cSad }kjk fyfDofMVh vkSj ek¡x dks c<+kus ds ladYi dks Hkh ldkjkRed :Ik ls ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A okLro esa fjtoZ cSad dh vHkh rd dh lksp ls ;g vyx gSA igyh ckj fjtoZ cSad }kjk eg¡xkbZ dks jksdus ds iz;klksa ls brj okLrfod vFkZO;oLFkk dh rjQ è;ku fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA ;g ,d

’kqHk ladsr gSA fjtoZ cSad vFkZO;oLFkk dks xfr iznku djus ds fy, dbZ mik; dj ldrk gSA

D;k gS lek/kku

gj ckj dh rjg dkjiksjsV txr~ ljdkj ij ncko cuk jgk gS fd mlds fy, jkgr iSdst dk bartke gksA mudk dguk gS fd ljdkj leL;kxzLr vkVks m|ksx dks lfCLkMh vkSj djksa esa NwV nsA ysfdu ljdkjh [ktkus dh lhekvksa ds pyrs ;g lgh dne ugha gksxkA vkt t:jr bl ckr gS fd fpj LFkkbZ miHkksDrk oLrqvksa] ?kjksa vkSj okguksa dh ek¡x c<+kbZ tk,A bl dke ds fy, izeq[k Hkwfedk cSadksa dh gksxhA fiNys dkQh le; ls cSadksa dk ØsfMV cgqr lqLr xfr c<+ jgk gSA fjtoZ cSad }kjk cSadksa dh fyDofMVh c<+kuk blds fy, t:jh dne gksxkA gkyk¡fd fiNys ,d lky esa jsiks jsV esa 1.1 izfr’kr dh deh dh xbZ gS] ysfdu mlesa vkSj vf/kd deh dh laHkkouk gSA C;kt njksa

dks ?kVkdj ge LkHkh izdkj dh ek¡x dks c<+k ldrs gSaA m/kj ljdkjh [kpZ c<+kus ds fy, jktLo c<+kuk rks t:jh gS gh ysfdu orZeku eanh dh fLFkfr esa ;fn ljdkj jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dks FkksM+k c<+k Hkh ns rks mlls dksbZ fo’ks"k [krjk ugha gSA

ljdkjh flLVe gks nq:Lr

ljdkj dks Hkh viuh e’khujh dks pqLr djuk gksxkA ftu y?kq vkSj vU; m|ksxksa ds fcy ljdkj ds ikl cdk;k gS] mudk rqjar Hkqxrku flLVe esa fYkfDofMVh c<+k ldrk gSA th,lVh ds cdk;k fjQaMksa dks rsth ls tkjh fd;k tkuk pkfg,] rkfd O;olk;ksa ds ikl pkyw iwath c<+ ldsA xwxy ekbØkslkQ~V] mcj lesr dbZ vU; fons’kh dEifu;k¡ vius O;olk; dks Hkkjr esa de vkSj fons’kksa esa T;knk fn[kkdj VSDl nsus ls cp jgh gSaA blds fy, ljdkj dks vius flLVe dks nq:Lr djuk gksxk rkfd blls jktLo c<+kdj [kpksZa dh iwfrZ dh tk ldsA

xq# & f’k"; lEcU/kewy ckr ;g gS fd fo|kFkhZ f’k{kd dks Hkxoku ekurk gSA f’k{kd Hkh fo|kFkhZ dks lk{kkr~ Hkxoku dk :Ik ekurk gSA og ijekRek ds :Ik esa esjs HkkX; ls esjs ikl vk;k gS] bldh lsok djus dk eq>s volj feyk gS] ;g lkspdj f’k{kd viuh lkjh {kerkvksa dks mlds fy, lefiZr djrk gSA og bldks nSoh; mrjknkf;Ro ekudj djrk gSA essjs cPpksa dh le> esa ugha vk;k] ckj&ckj le>krk gSaA brus izse ls le>krk gS fd cPpk d``Rk&d`R; gks tkrk gSA vCnqy dyke dgrs gSa fd cpiu esa foKku ds vè;kid us d{kk esa crk;k fpM+;k dSls mM+rh gSaA gedks le> ugha vk;k] geus dgk ^^lj le> esa ugha vk;k** vPNk dksbZ ckr ugha] ’kke dks le>kÅ¡xkA ’kke dks leqnz fdukjs gedks ys x, A fpfM+;k fn[kk;k] ns[kks dSls blds ia[k Åij uhps tk jgs gSaA Åij uhps tkrk gS fpfM+;k dSls mM+rh gS MkbZxzke cukdj gedks le>k;k] gekjh le> esa vk;k**A ml fnu esjs eu esa dYiuk vkbZ D;k eSa gokbZ tgkt mM+k ldrk gw¡\ D;k eSa Hkh gokbZ tgkt ds lkFk mM+ ldrk gw¡A esjh dYiuk lkdkj gqbZA esjh dYiuk dks lkdkj djus esa esjs ml f’k{kd dk fdruk ;ksxnku gS\ eSa o.kZu ugha dj ldrkA eSa vkt rd ml f’k{kd dks Hkwyk ugha] mldk uke Fkk Jh lqczã.;e v;jA

& vuqHkwfr

37



ns’kHkfDr o Kku dk vn~Hkqr [ktkuk Hkkjr n’kZu &xfy;kjk

fo|ky; eas i<+us okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Nk= thou ls gh ns’kHkfDr dk ikB i<+us dks feys] os Hkkjr dks tkusa] Hkkjr dks le>sa vkSj Hkkjr ds oSHko’kkyh Kku o foKku ij xoZ djsaA blds lkFk gh izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkas gsrq rS;kjh ds fy, okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkkjr lEcU/kh lkekU; Kku esa o`fð ds fy, ^Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjk* dh jpuk gqbZ A bls cukus dk dke o"kZ 2012 esa ’kq: fd;k x;k vkSj uokpkj dk ;g uewuk iwjs jktLFkku jkT; esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

^jk"VªHkfDr lHkh ln~xq.kksa dh tuuh gSaA cpiu ls gh ;fn ckyd dks ns’kHkfDr ds laLdkj fn, tk,¡ rks Hkkoh thou eas vkus okyh reke pqukSfr;ksa dk og eqdkcyk dj ik,xkA ns’k dk Hkkoh ukxfjd ;fn ns’kHkDr gS rks og csbZekuh ugha djsxk] Hkz"Vkpkj ugha djsxk] tkfrokn] Hkk"kkokn] izkarokn] {ks=okn] uDlyokn o vkradokn tSlh leL;kvksa ls u dsoy Lo;a dks nwj j[ksxk oju~ bu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk Hkh dj ldsxkA bruk gh ugha] ge ns’kHkfDr dks nSfud thou esa Hkh ns[k ldsaxsA Nk= ;fn ns’kHkDr gS rks og lafo/kku dk lEEkku djsxk] lkoZtfud lEifr dks uqdlku ugha igq¡pk,xk] fctyh&ikuh dk nq#i;ksx ugha djsxkA dkuwu O;oLFkk dk ikyu djsxk] ;krk;kr ds fu;eksa ds vuq:i okgu pyk,xk bR;kfnA O;fDrxr thou ls tqM+s ,sls cgqr lkjs ln~xq.kksa vkSj O;ogkj bl

ns’kHkfDr ds Hkko ls tqM+s gq, gSaA

cpiu esa ckyd dh ns[kus dh] lquus dh] le>us dh] vuqdj.k djus dh] fo’ys"k.k djus dh vkSj Lej.k dh {kerk,¡ vn~Hkrq gksrh gSA blh le; ls ;fn ckyd izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkas ds fy, eu ls rS;kj djuk ’kq: dj ns rks Hkkoh thou esa bldk ykHk vo’; feysxkA dqN ,sls gh fopkjksa ds lkFk eu esa Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjs dh ladYiuk vkbZA yxHkx nks&<+kbZ o"kZ ds ifjJe ls rF;&laxzg djus ds ckn ,d vPNk vkSj izHkkoh Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjk cudj rS;kj gqvkA ftldh orZeku esa jktLFkku ds f’k{kk txr~ esa cgqr ppkZ gSA rRdkyhu f’k{kk ea=h lesr fofHkUu vU; foHkkxksa ds ea=hx.k] ofj"B vf/kdkjh ,oa tuizfrfuf/k;ksa us Lo;a bl xfy;kjs dks ns[kus tkykSj ftys ds xksnu xk¡o ds bl fo|ky; esa vk,A mUgksaus bl xfy;kjs dh [kwc ljkguk dh ,oa bls mRd`"V uokpkj crk;kA iwoZorhZ ljdkj esa f’k{kk ea=h Jh oklqnso nsoukuh us fo/kkulHkk ds ctV l= esa ?kks"k.kk dh jktLFkku ds lHkh fo|ky;ksa esa ,sls Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjk cuk, tk,¡xsA lks’ky ehfM;k ij ppkZ vkSj O;fDrxr lEcU/kksa ds vk/kkj ij jktLFkku ds ukS ftyksa ds 25 fo|ky;ksa esa ,sls Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjk rS;kj gks pqds gSaA vkb, Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjs vkSj blds ihNs ds ewy Hkko dks foLrkj ls le>rs gSaA

vfHkuo iz;ksx

lanhi tks’kh’kkfUr uxj] ch CykWd] jkenso dkyksuh ds ikl tkyksj] jktLFkku & 343001eks& 94145 [email protected]

38



dSlk gS ;g xfy;kjk

^vkvks cPps rqEgsa fn[kk,¡ >k¡dh fgUnqLFkku dh* fQYe tkx`fr dk ;g xkuk ,d le; ns’k dh gj tqcku ij Fkk ftlesa ,d f’k{kd xhr ds ekè;e ls gh cPpksa dks iwjs Hkkjr dk n’kZu djk nsrk gSA geus Hkh vius ljdkjh Ldwy esa ,slh gh iwjs Hkkjr dh >k¡dh ltkbZ gS vkSj uke fn;k gS ̂ Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjk*A ;fn vki vius fo’oxq# Hkkjr ns’k dh xkSjo’kkyh ijEijk vkSj Lof.kZe bfrgkl ls :c: gksuk pkgrs gSa] Hkkjr ds ckjs esa vius lkekU; Kku dks c<+kuk pkgrs gSa] Hkkjr ds egkiq#"kksa ls f’k{kk xzg.k djuk ,oa fo’o ds orZeku ifjn`’; esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr ds ckjs esa tkuuk pkgrs gSa] rks jktLFkku ds mu ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa esa pys vkb, tgk¡ ;s xfy;kjs fodflr fd, x, gSaA

bu xfy;kjkas dks ns[kdj ,slk yxrk gS fd tSls fo|ky; ds cjkens ds nhokjksa o [kEckas ij iwjk Hkkjr mrj vk;k gSA njvly bl uokpkj esa fo|ky; esa d{kksa ds vkxs fLFkr cjkens dk uke Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjk fn;k x;k gSA buesa ?kwers gq, iwjs Hkkjr dk n’kZu gks tkrk gSA xfy;kjs esa fp=kas] ekufp=ks]a ¶yDsl] fHkfÙkfp=] nhokj&ys[ku dh lgk;rk ls rhu lkS ls vf/kd rF;] ,d lkS bDdhl fp=] vusd ekufp=ksa dk lkjxfHkZr lekos’k fd;k x;k gSA fo|ky; dk xfy;kjk Kku dk [ktkuk gSA ,d izdkj ls ,UlkbDyksihfM;k vkWQ Hkkjr Hkh dg ldrs gSaA bls rhu Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS %&

czkãkaM dh dFkk ls izkjEHk

Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjs dk izkjEHk czkãkaM ls fd;k x;k gSA Øe’k%

vkdk’kxaxk] lkSjeaMy] ukS xzg] i`Foh] egk}hi] egklkxj] ,f’k;k gksrs gq, Hkkjr dk ifjp; djkrs gq, bafnjk xk¡/kh vkSj izFke varfj{k ;k=h jkds’k ’kekZ ds eè; gq, laokn dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA ¼rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h bafnjk xk¡/kh }kjk ;g iwNus ij fd varfj{k dSlk fn[krk gS tokc esa jkds’k ’kekZ us dgk Fkk& lkjs tgk¡ ls vPNk fgUnqLrk¡ gekjkA½

izkphu Hkkjrh; Kku&foKku%&

fpfdRlk ’kkL=] oSfnd xf.kr] laLd`r esa vk;qosZn ] ;ksx] foeku’kkL=] ukSdk;u] vk;ZHkV~V] ojkgfefgj] HkkLdjkpk;Z] r{kf’kyk] ukyank ds fo’ofo|ky;] cks/kk;u izes;] ikbZ dk eku vkSj le; ds U;wure eku dh x.kuk] ’krjat dh [kkst] ’kY; fpfdRLkk] txnh’kpUnz clq ds iz;ksxksa ls lEcfU/kr vusd xkSjo’kkyh ,o a KkuoðZd rÙoksa dk lekos’k gSA

vktknh dk xkSjo

lu~ 1757 ds Iyklh ds ;qð ls ysdj 1950 esa x.kra= cuus rd dh fofHkUu ?kVukvksa dk xfy;kjs esa lekos’k fd;k x;k gSA Lora=rk laxzke ds 18 nqyZHk fp=k xfy;kjs dk vkd"kZ.k ,oa mi;ksfxrk c<+kus okyk flð gks jgk gSA

orZeku xkSjo’kkyh miyfC/;k¡%&

blesa t;iqj QqV] psUubZ dk ’kadj us=ky;] vkbZ +vkbZ +,e +] vkbZ +vkbZ +Vh +]esfMdy VwfjTe] lokZf/kd nw/k mRiknu] Hkkjr esa ghjs rjk’kus dk lcls cM+k dsUnz] lqij dEI;wVj] Økbtsfud batu] lokZf/kd Js"B Qhpj QhYe] ,f’k;u isaV~l ds tud fouksn /kke] lu ekbØksflLVe ds tud fouksn [kkslyk] lokZf/kd ’kk[kk

okys cSad ,l +ch +vkbZ +] fo’o dk lcls cM+ks jsyos usV odZ] fØdsV fdax lfpu rsanqydj ls ysdj O;olk;h y{ehfuokl feÙky rd dh miyfC/k;k¡] egkRekxk¡/kh] fo’oukFku vkuan] MkW +dyke] MkW +jk/kk d`".ku ls ysdj mixzg isz{k.k {kerk rd dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA

[kEHks cus Kku ds LrEHk

cjkens ds fiyjkas dks ̂ Kku dk LrEHk* uke fn;k x;k gSA bu Kku ds LrEHkksa ij ,d rjQ fofHkUu jk"Vªh; izrhdksa dk lqUnj fp= okWy isafVax ds ekè;e ls cuk;k x;k gSA ogha nwljh vksj buesa Kku vkSj tkudkfj;kas dk [ktkuk mdsjk x;k gSA bu fiyjkas ij Hkkjr] mlds uke dk vFkZ] tula[;k] {ks=Qy] lk{kjrk] L=h&iq#"k vuqikr] LFky lhek] ty lhek] iM+kslh ns’k] jkT;ksa dh jkt/kkfu;k¡] mudh Hkk"kk,¡] cksfy;k¡] muds u`R;] [kku&iku] iks"kkd rFkk osn&osnkax] mifu"kn~] iqjk.k] "kM~n’kZu] jkek;.k] egkHkkjr] xhrk] egÙoiw.kZ Qlysa muds mRiknd jkT;] fofHkUu [kfut mudh miyC/krk okys LFkku] ufn;k¡ o mn~xe LFky&mudh yEckbZ] ,sfrgkfld bekjrsa] jkT;ksa ds fofHkUu ’kgj] Hkkjr esa lcls Å¡pk] yEck] NksVk vkSj vusd tkudkfj;kas vkfn dk lekos’k gSA vkrs&tkrs] pyrs&fQjrs Nk= bUgsa ns[kdj vkSj i<+dj rFkk ppkZ djds lkekU; Kku dk vfHko/kZu dj jgs gSaA

ekufp= fo’ks"k vkd"kZ.k ds dsUnz

Hkkjr n’kZUk xfy;kjs dk fo’ks"k vkd"kZ.k blds ekufp= gSaA Hkkjr ds izkd`frd ,oa jktuSfrd ekufp=ksa ds vykok dqN fo’ks"k izdkj ds ekufp= Hkh cuk, x, gSaA buesa vktknh dh yM+kbZ ds

39



ohj ;ksðkvksa] fofHkUu dykdkjksa] oSKkfudksa ,oa lekt&lq/kjdksa dk tUe LFkku n’kkZ;k x;k gSA blds vykok pkj /kke] pkj egkdqEHk LFky] ,sfrgkfld ;qð LFky] jke ds ouokl dk iwjk ekxZ Hkh n’kkZ;k x;k gSA blh Øe esa nhikoyh] laØkfUr] bZn] gksyh] oS’kk[kh] fcgw] fØlel] vks.ke lesr fofHkUu ioZ& R;kSgkjks]a yksd&u`R;] ou ,oa oU; tho ls lEcfU/kr ,d lkS bDdhl fp= bl xfy;kjs ds lkSUn;Z dks c<+k dj bls euksgkjh cuk jgs gSaA

bl Hkkjr n’kZUk xfy;kjs dh ,d vkSj [kkl ckr ;g gS fd blesa tks ukjs vkSj izsj.kknk;d okD; fy[ks x, gSa os lHkh Hkkjr ds bfrgkl vkSj Hkwxksy dh

tkudkjh nsus okys gSa rFkk vius ns’k ds izfr drZO; dk cks/k txkrs gSaSA

loZizFke bl izdkj dk iz;kl 2013 esa lkerhiqjk ¼tkyksj½ fo|ky; esa cuk;k x;k FkkA iqu% l= 2015&2016 esa xksnu fo|ky; esa inLFkkiu gksus ij rRdkyhu ftyk dysDVj Jh ftrsUnz dqekj lksuh dh izsj.kk o ekxZn’kZUk ls xksnu fo|ky; esa bl izdkj dk Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjk cuk;k x;kA lks’ky ehfM;k ij bl xfy;kjs dh ppkZ gksus ds ckn fofHkUu f’k{kdksa us blesa #fp fn[kkbZA vc rd jkT; ds 9 ftyksa ds 15 fo|ky;ksa esa ,sls Hkkjr n’kZu xfy;kjs dk fuekZ.k gks pqdk gSA ftlls fo|ky; dk okrkoj.k euksgkjh o vkd"kZd gks x;k

gSA blls fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, lkekU; Kku ds lkFk Hkkjr ds xkSjoe;h laLd`fr o Kku dk Hkku gksrk gSA blds mi;ksx ds fy, fo|ky;ksa ds }kjk fo’ks"k izdkj dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gSA izfrfnu izkFkZuk lHkk esa bl xfy;kjs ds vk/kkj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds e/; iz’uksÙkjh ds l= gksrs gSaA ;s iz’u ,d fnu igys ’;keiV~V ij fy[ks tkrs gSa A Nk=ksa dks blds mÙkj [kkst dj ;kn djus dks dgk tkrk gSA vxys fnu izkFkZuk lHkk esa mu iz’ukas ds mÙkj iwNs tkrs gSaA bl izdkj vukSipkfjd f’k{k.k dk ;g rjhdk Nk=ksa esa mRlqdrk vkSj Kku dk lapkj dj jgk gSA

D;k tTck Fkk ek¡ ds mu liwrksa dk]

D;k #rck Fkk ek¡ ds mu ykyksa dkA

D;k eat+j Fkk muds lhus esa]

tks rksM+ x, tathj xqykeh dhA

fcu fd, ijokg xjtrh xksys&xksyh]

vkSj [kkeks’k [katj ds lqukeh dhA

c<+ pys ys ân; esa gkSalys dks]

Fks vkrqj cl vktknh ds Lof.kZe

eafty rd igqq¡p tkus dks A

lc dqN g¡l ds >sys]

cu ds vycsys]

ij eatwj u Fkk mudh

ekr`Hkwfe ls dksbZ [ksysA

’kwjohjksa us y{; lk/kk Fkk]

xkWMho/kkjh vtqZu dh rjg]

muds bjkns vkSj la?k"kZ ’kfDr Fks]

d``".k jk/kk dh rjgA

bl ekVh dh dher

vkSj fdruk crkÅ¡]

dguk pkgq¡ cgqr dqN

ij dqN dg u ikÅ¡A

Hkjs iM+s gSa ohj&ohjkaxukvksa ds vufxur] vewY;] ije ifo=]

eeZiw.kZ fdly; ijA

crkvks dSls lkjs fdLls

dqN {k.kksa esa dSls lqukÅ¡\

xk¡/kh] lqHkk"k] vktkn] fryd] iVsyA

Hkkjr ek¡ Fks ohj vuks[ks ykyAA

lquks viuh frtksfj;ksa Hkjus okyks]

ek¡ Hkkjrh ij gq, dqokZfu;kas dks

’keZlkj djus okyksa]

fey tkvksxs [kkd esa

jko.k dal dh rjgA

dqN lh[k ldks rks fl[k yks

bl ikou csys ijAA

>d>ksj vius dks

u [kksn bl ekVh dksA

cu nhed u dj [kks[kyk

viuh ek¡ ds ru dks

lh[k lEeku dj

cu ds lqUnj vkSyknA

dj ek¡ ds vkc# dh

lqj{kk cudj QkSyknAA

&jf’e ¼igyh fdj.k½

Hkkjr ek¡ ds yky

40



fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f’k{kk laLFkku dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr dh cSBd dk izfrosnu

fo|k Hkkjrh vf[ky Hkkjrh; f’k{kk laLFkku dh dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr cSBd dh 24 twu 2019 ls 25 twu 2019 rd xkso/kZu yky =sgu ljLorh cky eafnj] usg# uxj] ubZ fnYyh esa laLFkku ds vè;{k ek - nwlh jked``".k jko dh vè;{krk esa lEiUu gqbZA

oanuk ds ckn egkea=h }kjk }kjk 6 ls 8 Qjojh 2019 dks dq#{ks= esa lEIkUu dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr dh cSBd dh dk;Zokgh dk fooj.k izLrqr fd;k x;k] ftldh iqf"V loZlEefr ls dh xbZA

laLFkku ds vf[ky Hkkjrh; laxBu ea=h ek - dk’khifr th us vius izkLrkfod esa dgk fd cSBd dh dk;Zlwph esa tks fo"k; gSa os vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gSaA 2019 ls 2022 rd ds dk;ZfoLrkj o lqn``<+hdj.k dh ;kstuk gesa cukuh gSA ftyk dsUnz etcwrhdj.k ds ;kstuk dh vko’;drk ij cy nsrs gq, foxr o"kksZa esa ftyk dsUnzksa ij ofj"B dk;ZdrkZvksa us izokl fd;k gSA vkxkeh rhu o"kksZa rd lHkh izkarksa esa nks ;k rhu LFkkuksa ij ftyk dsUnz ds dk;ZdrkZvksa dks cqykdj mudh cSBd djus dh ;kstuk cuh gSA

bl cSBd eas ubZ f’k{kk uhfr ij ppkZ gsrq ,d i`Fkd dk;ZdrkZvksa dk lewg cukdj vè;;u djus dh vksj è;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k x;kA

xq:ukud nso th ds 550 osa izdk’kksRlo] tfy;k¡okyk ckx ds Hkh"k.k gR;kdk.M ds 100 o"kZ] vktkn fgUn

Hkkjrh; iz’kklfud lsokvksa rFkk vU; egRoiw.kZ lsokvkas esa dk;Z dj jgs gSa gesa muls lEidZ dh O;ofLFkr ;kstuk Hkh cukuh pkfg,A

dk;Zdkfj.kh ds lnL; Jh johUnz pefM+;k th us izlUurk O;Dr djrs gq, crk;k fd iwoZNk= iksVZy ds dk;Z dh xfr c<+h gSSA fo|kFkhZ rFkk iwoZ Nk= iath;u esa #fp ys jgs gSa ijUrq vHkh Hkh vusd fo|ky;ksa dk iath;u gksuk ’ks"k gSA le;cð ;kstuk cukdj ;g dk;Z iw.kZ djuk pkfg,A iwoZ Nk=ksa us fo|k Hkkjrh ds dk;Z esa lg;ksx nsus dh bPNk O;Dr dh gSA gesa ;g fu/kkZfjr djuk gS fd muls fdl izdkj dk lg;ksx izkIr djuk gSA

cSBd ds f}rh; l= esa laLd``fr f’k{kk laLFkku dh dk;Zokgh gsrq lefiZr FkkA ftlesa vadsf{kr fjiksVZ dh iqf"V rFkk uohu vè;{k ds fuokZpu ,oe~ dk;Zdkfj.kh xBu vkfn ds dk;Z gq,A

r``rh; l= ds vkjEHk esa laLd`fr f’k{kk laLFkku ls izdkf’kr rhu uohu iqLrdsa 1. ^dFkk tfy;k¡okyk ckx dh*] 2 ^vktkn fgUn ljdkj*] 3 ^ukud uke tgkt] p<+S lks mrjS ikj* dk foekspu ek vè;{k egksn; }kjk laLFkku ds lfpo Jh vouh’k HkVukxj ds fuosnu ij gqvkA lfpo egksn; us fo|k Hkkjrh laLd`fr f’k{kk laLFkku ds vUrxZr lapkfyr laLd`fr Kku ijh{kk ds lEcU/k esa rFkk vkxkeh laaLd`fr egksRlo fnukad 10, 11, 12 uoEcj 2019] dq#{ks= esa vk;ksftr gksus dh tkudkjh nhA

ljdkj dh LFkkiuk ds 75 o"kZ iw.kZ gksus rFkk dkjfxy la?k"kZ esa fot; ds 20 o"kZ dh iwfrZ dk ;g o"kZ gSA ;g pkjksa ?kVuk,¡ bfrgkl eas vR;ar egRoiw.kZ LFkku j[krh gaSA vkils vkxzg gS fd lHkh fo|ky;ksa esa budh Le``fr dks tkx`r djus ds fy, dk;ZØe djus dh ;kstuk cuk,¡ A bu dk;ZØeksa dks lektksUeq[kh cukus dk iz;Ru Hkh gksuk pkfg,A gekjh fu.kZ; izfØ;k esa lekt ds lHkh oxksZa dh lgHkkfxrk lqfuf’pr djus dh vko’;drk Hkh gSA fo|ky; miØe’khy cus bldk Hkh geas iz;Ru djuk gksxkA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; lg laxBu ea=h Jh xksfoUn pUnz egar }kjk ns’kHkj esa lapkfyr fd, tk jgs f’k’kq okfVdkvksa dh fLFkfr ij ppkZ dh xbZA mUgksaus bl ckr dk vkxzg fd;k fd lHkh ftyk dsUnzksa ij ckjg O;OkLFkkvksa ls ;qDr izHkkoh f’k’kq okfVdk,¡ lapkfyr dh tk,¡A blds vfrfjDr lHkh izkarksa essa dqN uewuk:ih f’k’kq okfVdk,¡ ¼ftlesa f’k’kq ds tUe ls ik¡p Ok"kZ rd ds fodkl dk fparu gS½ Hkh pykuh visf{kr gSaA ’ks"k f’k’kq okfVdk,¡ iz;Ru’khy f’k’kq okfVdk dgykrh gSaA

mUgksaus iwoZ Nk= iksVZy ds fo"k; ij Hkh ppkZ dhA vHkh rd ,d yk[k ls vf/kd iwoZ Nk=ksa dk iath;u gqvk gSA blds vfrfjDr 600 ls vf/kd fo|ky; o vafre d{kkvksa ds 60,000 ls vf/kd Nk=ksa dk Hkh iath;u gks pqdk gSA dke vkxs c<+k rks gS ijUrq vHkh dkQh dke ’ks"k gSA gekjs vusd iwoZ Nk= vf[ky

41



Jh lq/kdj jsM~Mh th ds }kjk izpkj foHkkx dh fLFkfr ij ppkZ dh xbZA xr o"kZ ns’k Hkj esa dk;Z’kkyk,¡ vk;ksftr gqbZaA buds ifj.kke Lo:i lHkh izkarksa esa izpkj foHkkx dk dk;Z c<+k gSA vusd izkarksa esa bZ&if=dk fudkyh tk jgh gaSA izR;sd izkar esa dk;ZdrkZvksa dh Vksyh Hkh fodflr gks jgh gSA ijUrq vHkh vusd izkarksa esa laoknnkrk ugha cuk, x, gSaA izkar laoknnkrkvksa ds izf’k{k.k dh O;oLFkk Hkh djuh gksxhA gekjh osclkbV viMsV gks bldk Hkh è;ku gesa j[kuk gksxkA ^_re~ ,i* vf/kdkf/kd yksx MkmuyksM djsa bldk vkxzg Hkh mUgksaus j[kkA

prqFkZ l= esa jk"Vªh; iqLrd U;kl ¼,u-ch-Vh-½ ds vè;{k ek- xksfoUn izlkn ’kekZ us U;kl ds mís’; o dk;ksZa dh egÙoiw.kZ tkudkjh lHkk ds le{k izLrqr dhA mUgksaus dgk fd fo’o esa lokZf/kd Hkk"kkvksa esa iqLrdksa dk izdk’ku djus dk dk;Z U;kl }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA U;kl dk eq[; mís’; Hkkjr esa iqLrdsa i<+us dh laLd``fr dks fodflr djuk gSA U;kl ckyksi;ksxh ,oa tulkekU; ds fy, izsjd o jkspd lkfgR; izdkf’kr djrk gSA fo’o ds vusd iqLrd esyksa esa ge tkrs gSa rFkk fons’kksa ds izeq[k izdk’kdksa dks Hkh ge ;gk¡ ij cqykrs gSaA iqLrd ds ys[kd] vuqoknd] leh{kd lHkh izdkj ds yksx U;kl ls tqM+s gSa vkSj bu foèkkvksa ds tkudkj u;s yksx Hkh bl dk;Z esa tqM+ ldrs gSaA

blds i’pkr~ Jh f’kodqekj th ¼ea=h] fo|k Hkkjrh½ us ^vVy fVdfjax* ySc ds ckjs esa fo"k; dks izLrqr fd;k rFkk vkxs dh ;kstuk dh tkudkjh Hkh nhA vHkh rd yxHkx 1200 fo|ky;ksa esa vVy fVadfjax ySc dh Lohd``fr feyh gSA lHkh iz;ksx’kkyk,¡ vf/kdre xq.koÙkk ds lkFk lapkfyr gks rFkk mudk mi;ksx

vU; fo|ky;ksa ds Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks Hkh gks ;g bl ;kstuk dh vis{kk gSA ;fn ySc lekt ds vU; fo|ky;ksa ds fy, mi;ksxh fl) gqbZ rks vkxs bl dk;Z ds fy, ,d djksM+ #i;s rd dh /ku jkf’k miyC/k djokus dh uhfr vk;ksx dh ;kstuk Hkh gSA vVy fVadfjax ySc esa dk;Z djus dh n``f"V ls vius vkpk;ksZa dh {kerk Hkh c<+kuh pkfg,A bls è;ku esa j[kdj bl o"kZ izokl dh o dk;Z’kkyk vk;ksftr djus dh ;kstuk Hkh gSA

ek- nÙkksiar BsaxM+h th ds ’krkCnh o"kZ ds ckjs esa Hkh mUgksaus ppkZ dhA ’krkCnh o"kZ dk mn~?kkVu 10 uoEcj 2019 dks ukxiqj esa gksxk rFkk lekiu 10 uoEcj 2020 dks fnYyh eas gksxkA gj lIrkg dksbZ u dksbZ dk;ZØe vk;ksftr gksxk] bldh ;kstuk 12 laxBu feydj cuk,¡xsA gj izkar esa vkfFkZd fo"k; dh ,d Vksyh cukus dh ;kstuk gSA mlds fy, gesa izkar’k% uke r; djus gksaxsA f’k{kk {ks= ds yksx Hkh bl fufeÙk lsfeukj vk;ksftr dj ldrs gSaA

ek- ;rhUnz ’kekZ th ¼lg laxBu ea=h] fo|k Hkkjrh½ us fo|ky; dsfUnzr dk;ZØeksa ij ppkZ djrs gq, bl ckr dk vkxzg fd;k fd dsUnz@{ks= ;k izkarksa dh vksj ls fo|ky;ksa ij cM+s dk;ZØe lkSius ds LFkku ij ge dsoy fn’kk nsa rFkk LFkkuh; ifjfLFkfruqlkj fo|ky; gh dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu djsA

fo|ky; lekftd psruk dk dsUnz gks rFkk lkekftd lejlrk dk okgd cusa] bl izdkj ds dk;ZØeksa ds vk;kstu dh izsj.kk fo|ky;ksa dks nsaA fo|ky; miØe’khy cusaA fo|ky; ty laj{k.k] fo|qr laj{k.k] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k dk dsUnz cus ,slk iz;Ru jgsA fo|ky;ksa esa LoHkk"kk] Lons’kh] LolaLd`fr dk vkxzg jgsA

LoPNrk] lknxh ij cy jguk pkfg,A gekjs fo|ky; iksyhFkhu eqDr gksa] ,slk iz;Ru gksA

iape l=

bl l= esa cSBd esa Hkkx ys jgs izfrHkkfx;ksa dk rhu lewg cukdj vyx&vyx rhu LFkkuksa ij vè;{k lewg] ea=h lewg vkSj laxBu ea=h lewg ds :i esa cSBs rFkk vius&vius lewg ls lEcfU/kr dk;ksZa ij fopkj&foe’kZ gqvkA

"k"Be l=

cSBd ds f}rh; fnu oanuk ds mijkar cSBd esa izFke ckjs i/kkjs dk;ZdrkZvksa dk ifjp; gqvkA mlds i’pkr~ LoxhZ; J)s; Jh jks’kuyky th dh Le``fr esa Nih Lekfjdk ^deZ;ksxh* dk foekspu ek nÙkk=s; gkslckys lg ljdk;Zokg th ds }kjk fd;k x;kA

bl l= esa jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr ds ckjs esa izfrHkkfx;ksa us vius {ks= esa lEiUu gq, dk;ZØeksa dh tkudkjh nhA rFkk ubZ f’k{kk uhfr ij vius fopkj Hkh j[ksA l= ds var eas ek- vè;{k egksn; us l= dk lekiu djrs gq, dgk fd 1968 ls 2005 rd f’k{kk uhfr esa yxHkx lekurk gh gSA ubZ f’k{kk uhfr esa dqN vPNs ifjorZu lq>k, x, gSaA ijUrq ;g Hkh è;ku esa jguk pkfg, fd uhfr dsoy fn’kk r; djrh gS] mlds fØ;kUo;u gsrq izkekf.kd iz;Ruksa dh vko’;drk jgrh gSA jk"Vªh; vkSj jkT; Lrj ij ikB~;Øe dk <k¡pk ds fuekZ.k ds le; gesa lfØ; o lrdZ jguk gksxkA bl gsrq ;ksX; O;fDr <w<+dj mUgs dke esa yxkuk gksxkA

ubZ f’k{kk uhfr ij vk, fopkjksa dks lesfdr dj mUgsa ekuo lalk/ku ea=ky; ds iksVZy ij Hkstk tk, ,slk fu.kZ; fy;k

42



x;kA

lIre l=

ek- dk’khifr th] laxBu ea=h fo|k Hkkjrh ds lkfUuè; esa bl l= esa dkS’ky fodkl] vkxkeh rhu o"kksZa esa ftyk dsUnz ds dk;ZfoLrkj o pkjksa vk;ke ij ppkZ o vkxkeh dk;Z;kstuk ij fopkj fd;k x;kA

l= ds chp esa gh ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=h ek- Jh jes’k iks[kfj;ky ^fu’kad* th dk vkxeu gqvkA loZizFke mudk Lokxr laLFkku ds vè;{k Jh Mh- jked``".kjko th] leFkZ f’k{kk lfefr ds egkea=h Jh dqyohj ’kekZ th o th-,y-Vh- ljLorh cky eafnj ds iz/kukpk;Z Jherh csyk feJk }kjk JhQy] iq"i xqPN ,oa ’kkWy HksaV dj fd;k x;kA rnqijkar laLFkku ds ea=h ek- f’ko dqekj ’kekZ th us fo|k Hkkjrh ds inkf/kdkfj;ksa dk ifjp; djokrs gq, fo|k Hkkjrh ds dk;Z dk laf{kIr o``Ùk izLrqr fd;kA ea=h egksn; ds Lokxr Hkk"k.k esa ek- vè;{k egksn; us bl ckr ls voxr djk;k fd fo|k Hkkjrh ds rROkko/kku esa ubZ f’k{kk uhfr ij ns’k Hkj esa yxHkx N% lkS xksf"B;k¡ vk;ksftr dh xbZaA vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj dh f} fnolh; xks"Bh Hkksiky esa gqbZA

ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=h ekuuh; jes’k iks[kfj;ky ^fu’kad* us lnu dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, dgk fd eSa cgqr gh vkufUnr gw¡ fd eq>s vkt vius ifjokj ds chp vkus dk volj izkIr gqvk gSA eSaus loZizFke ljLorh f’k’kq eafnj ds vkpk;Z ds :i esa dk;Z vkjEHk fd;kA dqN o"kksZa ckn eSa tks’kh eB ds ljLorh f’k’kq eafnj esa iz/kukpk;Z cukA blds i’pkr~ ^ubZ psruk* ’kks/k if=dk dk lEiknu o izdk’ku Hkh fd;kA blh chp 5-6 ckj fo/kulHkk esa

fuokZfpr Hkh gqvkA jkT; ljdkjksa esa ea=h ds nkf;ROk dk fuoZgu fd;kA lu~ 2014 eas igyh ckj gfj}kj ls lkaln fuokZfpr gqvkA 2019 eas iqu% gfj}kj ls lkaln pquk x;k gw¡A vc ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dh egÙoiw.kZ ftEesnkjh feyh gSA

fo’o ds 500 mRd``"V laLFkkuksa esa vius ns’k ds dsoy 27 laLFkku gh rFkk 200 mRd``"V laLFkkuksa esa dsoy nks gh laLFkku fxus tkrs gSaA f’k{kk ds izxfr ds fy, 1000 djksM+ #i;s dh jkf’k dh O;oLFkk djus dh ;kstuk gSA mPPk f’k{kk esa vHkh rhu yk[k in fjDr gSaA ;q) Lrj ij budks Hkjuk ;g gekjh igyh izkFkfedrk gSA ftuds psgjs ij vkHkk vkSj vkst jgrk gS ogh nwljksa dks izsj.kk ns ldrs gSaA eqLdqjkrk O;fDr gh nwljksa dks eqLdqqjkgV ns ldrk gSA ftKklk o ftthfo"kk ugha gksus ls euq"; dk fodkl ugha gks ikrk gSA lcls lg;ksx feysxk rks ubZ f’k{kk uhfr tYn ykxw gksxhA fo|k Hkkjrh }kjk fn, x, lq>koksa dks Hkh ge lfEefyr djus dk iz;kl djsaxsA fdlh Hkh jkT; ij dksbZ Hkk"kk Fkksih ugha tk,xhA ijUrq Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dks l’kDr vkSj lcy djus gsrq Hkh dk;Z djsaxsA rfeyukMw eas Hkh Hkk"kk laLFkku dks le``) djuk gSA esjs ea=ky; esa fgUnh esa dk;Z ’kq# gqvk gS ;g vk’kk ds vuq:i gSA

v"Ve l= eas loZizFke f’k{kk laLd`fr mRFkku U;kl ds ea=h Jh vrqy dksBkjh th }kjk 17-18 vxLr 2019 dks vk;ksftr gksus okys KkuksRlo dk;ZØe dh tkudkjh nhA mUgksaus crk;k fd bl dk;ZØe esa ijeiwtuh; ljla?kpkyd th fo’ks"k :i ls mifLFkr jgsaxsA f’k{kk {ks= esa dk;Z djus okys lefopkjh laxBu dk;ZØe eas vkeaf=r gSaA bl dk;ZØe esa 17 vxLr dks foKku Hkou eas c``gn~ ’kSf{kd xks"Bh

vk;ksftr gSA fnukad 18 vxLr dks fofHkUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa ds lEcU/k esa vH;kfFkZ;ksa dks vkus okyh dfBukb;ksa vkSj muds lek/ku ij ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ppkZ gksxhA

laLFkku ds dks"kkè;{k Jh tSuiky tSu us laLFkkvksa ds fy, vko’;d foÙkh; vuq’kklu ds ikyukFkZ ’kklu }kjk cuk, x, egÙoiw.kZ fu;eksa dh tkudkjh iznku dh rFkk bu fu;eksa dk O;ofLFkr :i ls ikyu gks] bldk vkxzg fd;kA ;g fu;e fyf[kr :i ls izkarksa dks igys Hkh Hksts x, gSa rFkk iqu% Hkstus dk vk’oklu fn;kA

vkxkeh dk;ZØe & laLFkku ds egkea=h Jhjke vkjkodj th us vkxkeh dk;ZØeksa dh tkudkjh nh ;s fuEufyf[kr gSa %&

fnukad% 8-9-10-11 vxLr] 2019 fo}r~ ifj"kn~] izf’k{k.k ,oa ’kks/k dh cSBd&HkksikyA

fnukad% 12 flrEcj] 2019 {ks=h; ea=h] laxBu ea=h] {ks=h; dk;kZy; izeq[k o izkar ea=h] izkar laxBu ea=h] dk;kZy; o foÙk la/kj.k cSBd & mn;iqj ¼jktLFkku½

fnukad% 13-14-15 flrEcj 2019] dk;Zdkfj.kh cSBd &mn;iqj ¼jktLFkku½

fnukad% 10-11-12-13 fnlEcj] 2019] laxBu ea=h oxZ &ektqyh ¼vle½ ektqyh}hi tkus ls igys 07 fnlEcj] 2019 dks xqokgkVh igq¡puk gSA

fnukad% 14-15 fnlEcj] 2019 dks {ks=h; ea=h] laxBu ea=h o dsUnzh; Vksyh cSVd LFkku&xqokgkVh

laLFkku ds vè;{k ek- nwlh jked`".k jko }kjk vkxkeh le; esa izdkf’kr dh

43



tkus okyh Coffy Table Book ds lEcU/k eas tkudkjh lnu dks iznku dhA mUgksaus crk;k fd 19 ebZ 2019 dks bl lEcU/k eas ofj"B dk;ZdrkZvksa ls ppkZ gqbZ FkhA dk;Zdkfj.kh ds lnL; Jh johUnz pekfM+;k th bldk izLrko j[kk FkkA ;g iqLrd lekt ds izHkko’kkyh oxZ ds lkFk lEidZ dk ekè;e cusxhA iqLrd fgUnh rFkk v¡xzsth Hkk"kkvksa eas i`Fkd&i`Fkd izdkf’kr dh tk,xhA iqLrd eas gekjs dk;Z dk izlkj o izHkko] de lalk/kuksa esa Hkh izkIr fo’ks"k miyfC/k;k¡] gekjs fo|ky;ksa eas fd, x, fof’k"V iz;ksx] foKku] [ksy txr vkfn ds {ks= eas gekjs c<+rs dne] gekjs bl Js"B dk;Z esa lefiZr dk;ZdrkZvksa dk laf{kr thou ifjp; vkfn dk izeq[k :i ls mYys[k jgsxkA bl vkd"kZd iqLrd dk izdk’ku xq#iwf.kZek 2020 dks djuk fu/kkZfjr gqvk gSA bl dk;Z esa lHkh izkarksa es lg;ksx nsus gsrq 3-4 dk;ZdrkZ vo’; yxsaA dsUnz Lrj ij Hkh bl dk;Z gsrq ,d O;fDr dks iw.kZ nkf;Ro fn;k tk,xkA l= ds var esa ekuuh; dk’khifr th us vkxzg fd;k fd gekjs fo|ky;ksa eas vf/kdkf/kd xzkeksa] uxj ds okMksZa rFkk eksgYyksa dk izfrfuf/kRo c<+sA lsokcLrh ds cPps Hkh gekjs fo|ky;ksa esa i<+sA muds ekè;e ls lkekftd lejlrk o``f)xr gksA vfHkHkkodksa ls laokn c<+s] bl gsrq fofo/k dk;ZØe fd, tk,¡A xzke lEidZ dk tks dk;ZØe xr o"kZ gqvk Fkk gj o"kZ vk;ksftr fd;k tk,A

lekiu l=

loZizFke egkea=h }kjk ek- vè;{k egksn;] leFkZ f’k{kk lfefr fnYyh] fgUnw f’k{kk lfefr U;kl] nf{k.kh lfefr rFkk xks-yk-=ks- ljLorh cky eafnj ofj"B ek- fo|ky; dh iz/kukpk;kZ lfgr lHkh vkpk;Z ca/kq&cfguksa] deZpkfj;ksa o Nk=&Nk=kvksa

dk laLFkku ds deZpkfj;ksa rFkk lHkk eas mifLFkr lHkh lnL;ksa dk vkHkkj O;Dr fd;kA

ek- nÙkk=ks; th gkslckys us leUo; ds lw=ksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, è;ku fnyk;k fd dk;Z djrs le; gesa lHkh ds lkFk leUo; fcBkuk pkfg,A vius laxBu esa leUo;] f’k{kk lewg ds laxBuksa eas leUo;] ’kklu ds lkFk leUo; o la?k ds lkFk leUo; lHkh vko’;d gSaA

vius laxBu esa vuqHkoh dk;ZdrkZvksa dh la[;k eas o`f) gqbZ gSA gesa dqN ckrksa ij fopkj djuk pkfg,A gekjk dke dkQh c<+k gSA ijUrq fo|k Hkkjrh ds uke dh igpku ¼czkfMax½ ugha gSA vkt dk ;qx igpku dk ;qx gSA ^czkfMax* ’kCn dk iz;ksx O;olkf;d {ks= esa vf/kd gksrk gSA ijarq vkt bl ’kCn dk iz;ksx lHkh {ks=ksa esa c<+rk tk jgk gSA bl gsrq dqN gesa dqN ;kstuk cukuh pkfg,A

gekjs fo|ky;ksa ds }kj ij] Hkou ij fo|k Hkkjrh dk fo|ky; (Vidya Bharti School) fy[kok;k tk ldrk gSA lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izos’k ds le; fo|k Hkkjrh dh ifjp; ds ,d iqfLRkdk HksaV esa nh tk ldrh gSA gekjs lkfgR; ij fo|k Hkkjrh vafdr fd;k tk ldrk gSA lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds chp fo|k Hkkjrh dk ifjp; fn;k tk ldrk gSA

gekjs izpkj foHkkx dks Hkh vkSj lfØ; djus dh vko’;drk gSA o"kZ esa ,d ckj cM+s uxjksa esa i=dkj okrkZ,¡ vk;ksftr dh tk ldrh gSaA fo|ky;ksa dh miyfC/k;k¡ rFkk ;gk¡ gksus okys u,&u, iz;ksxksa] uokpkjksa dks izksRlkfgr djus o izpkfjr djus dh vko’;drk gSA

gekjk izHkko lekt esa c<+k gSA gekjs

ls feyrs tqyrs uke j[kdj yksx laLFkk,¡ pyk jgss gSaA ouoklh {ks= esa gekjs dkj.k f’k{kk dk Lrj c<+k gSSSA f’k’kq okfVdk dk uke /khjs&/khjs izpyu esa vk jgk gS rFkk f’k’kq okfVdk i)fr dh Lohdk;Zrk Hkh c<+ jgh gSA

oUnuk l=] oUnsekrje~ dk xku gekjk oSf’k"V~; gSA gekjs ijh{kk ifj.kke Hkh mÙke gSaA gekjs ;gk¡ i<+us okys Nk= laLdkfjr gSa vkSj volkn eas Hkh ugha vkrs gSaA vkpk;ksZ ds thou ls Nk=ksa o lekt dks izsj.kk feyrh gSA fo|k Hkkjrh ds fo|ky;ksa ds Nk= NwvkNwr dks ugha ekurs gSaA lkekftd lejlrk muds vkpj.k esa vfHkO;Dr gksrh gSA ;g lc dkQh izsjd gSA ;g vkxs vkSj Hkh c<+s bldh vko’;drk gSA ;g lHkh ckrsa lHkh fo|ky;ksa esa o lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa gks bldk iz;kl gksuk pkfg,A

blds i’pkr~ ,dy xhr gqvk rFkk var esa ek- vè;{k egksn; }kjk lekiu mn~cks/ku esa dgk fd ek- f’k{kk ea=h th us tks dgk gS ml ij jkT;ksa esa fopkj gksA vkt bZ&yfuZax dk ekdsZV c<+ jgk gSA vUrjjk"Vªh; dEifu;k¡ bls pyk jgh gSaA geas iz;kl iwoZd vkxs c<+dj Hkkjr dsfUnzr f’k{kk lEcfU/kr lkfgR; o lkexzh dk fuekZ.k djds mldk izpkj&izlkj djuk pkfg,A gekjs fo|ky; vk/kqfud cusa vko’;d lk/ku lEiUu gksa vkpk;ksZa esa rduhfd ds mi;ksx dk LoHkko fodflr gksA f’k{kd izf’k{k.k vkSj Hkh izHkkoh cus] iz;ksx/kfeZrk fodflr gks] fo|ky;ksa esa ’kSf{kd okrkoj.k vkSj Hkh c<+s bldk iz;kl gksA

var eas oUnsekrje~~ ds lkewfgd xku ds lkFk cSBd lekIr gqbZA

44



i;kZoj.k laj{k.k o Hkkjrh; n``f”V

lkef;d fparu vkt i;kZoj.k dh ppkZ loZ= gSA lkekU; O;fDr ls ysdj ns’k ds cqf)thoh gh ugha nqfu;k¡ ds cqf)thoh Hkh bl fo"k; ds ckjs esa fopkj djrs gSaA i;kZoj.k ds fo"k; esa fopkj djus dh vko’;drk lHkh dks vuqHko gksus yxh gSA cnyrh izd``fr] fur ifjofrZr gksrk ekSle] lnhZ ds le; lnhZ de gksuk] xehZ ds le; vf/kd xehZ gksuk] o"kkZdky dk vkxeu vkxs&ihNs gksuk ,sls vusd vuqHko lkspus ij etcwj djrs gSa fd ,slk D;ksa gks jgk gSA tc bl ij fopkj gksrk gS rks mÙkj feyrk gS fd le; cny x;k gSA ;g Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd ifjorZu izd``fr dk fu;e gSA ijUrq bl ckr dk fopkj ;fn fd;k tk, rks izd``fr esa ,slk cny D;ksa vk;k gS\ izd``fr lHkh dk dY;k.k djrh gSA ijUrq izd``fr i;kZoj.k dk fouk’k dSls dj ldrh gS\ vHkh gky gh esa ,d ns’k esa ikjk 63 fMxzh ikj dj x;k vkSj [kM+h xkWfM+;ksa dh ckWMh dk yksgk fi?kyus yxkA ,d fp= Hkh lks’ky ehfM;k ij ok;jy gqvk gSA ,slh vkSj vusd ?kVuk,¡ gS tks ;g ladsr nsrh gSa fd ekuo fouk’k dh vksj tkus okyk gSA

dqN o"kksZa iwoZ rd fnlEcj dh v/kZokf"kZd ijh{kk esa tc ckyd vkrk Fkk rks LosVj igurk Fkk ;kfu lnhZ ml le; izkjEHk gksus yxrh FkhA nhikoyh ls iwoZ jkeyhyk ns[kus tc O;fDr jkf= esa ?kj ls fudyrk Fkk rks yksbZ ;k ’kky vks<+ dj fudyrk FkkA vkt fnlEcj izkjEHk esa Hkh ,slk de gh fn[krk gSA vius nSuafnu

thou esa ,sls vusd mnkgj.k <w¡<s tk ldrs gSaA

izd``fr fouk’k dh ctk, dY;k.k dkjd gh jgs ,slk è;ku esa j[kdj Hkkjrh; _f"k&euhf"k;ksa us fparu fd;k vkSj bl fparu dks Hkkjrh; okaxe; esa mYysf[kr fd;kA bl fparu ls izdV ckrksa dks ekuo lekt ds fy, mi;ksx gksA izd``fr laj{k.k ekuo lgt LoHkko cus ,slh O;oLFkk,¡ lekt esa fufeZr gksA lSadM+ksa&gtkjksa o"kksZa rd Hkkjrh; lekt us bu O;oLFkkvksa dks ikyu fd;kA izd``fr ds laca/k eas bu O;oLFkkvksa dk ikyu tc Hkax gksus yxk rks izd``fr esa ifjorZu gksus yxkA bl izdkj ds fparu dks D;k ge Hkkjrh; n`f"V dg ldrs gSaA ;g Hkkjrh; n``f"V gS D;k\

vFkoZosn ds Hkwfe lwDr esa i;kZoj.kh; ewY;ksa dk fo/kku gSA eUkq"; /kfj=h ¼Hkwfe½ ls dgrk gS] ^^eSa vkids mR[ku ls dqN izkIr dj jgk gw¡] ij eSa ,slk dHkh u d:¡ fd bl izfØ;k ls vkids ân; vFkkZr~ eeZLFky ij pksV igq¡psA** vFkkZr~ mR[kuu djrs le; nksgu djuk u fd ’kks"k.k djukA

nqfu;k esa tgk¡&tgk¡ vf/kd mR[kuu gqvk ogk¡&ogk¡ izd``fr esa ifjorZu gqvk gS] dgha ty ladV rks dgha vR;kf/kd ck<+ dh fLFkfr cuh gSA

_Xosn esa izkFkZuk dh xbZ gS fd o``{k] ty] vkdk’k ,oa i;kZoj.k dh Jsf.k;k¡ rFkk ouLifr;ksa ls Hkjs iwjs ou gekjk

Jh jfo dqekj

laxBu ea=h] fo|k Hkkjrh] gfj;k.kk

45



laj{k.k djsaA _Xosn esa mYysf[kr gS ôua vkLFkkI;èoe~* vFkkZr~ ou esa ouLifr;k¡ mxkvks] o`{kkjksi.k djksA okuLifrd laink ds HkaMkj esa o``f) djks mls ?kVkvksa ughaA ;tqosZn ds ,d lwDr esa dgk x;k gS fd gs ouLifr! bl /kjnkj dqYgkM+s ls vius egku~ lkSHkkX; ds fy, eSaus rqEgsa dkVk vo’; gS] ijUrq rqEgkjk mi;ksx ge lgL= vadqj gksrs gq, djsaxsA

thou;kiu ds fy, ;fn ydM+h dh vko’;drk gS rks o``{k u dkVdj mldh ’kk[kkvksa dk mi;ksx djuk] mlesa ls Hkh Åij dh ’kk[kk,¡ ugha dsoy uhps dh ’kk[kk,¡ rkfd gekjs iz;ksx yk;d ydM+h fey Hkh fey tk, vkSj isM+ dk vfLrRo Hkh cuk jgs vkSj vkxs c<+rk Hkh jgsA

Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk esa Jhd``".k th us dgk gS fd ^/keZfo:)ks Hkwrs"kq dkeksfLeHkjr"kZHk%* vFkkZr~ tgk¡ Hkksx /keZ dh voekuuk ugha djrk og fnO; gSA izd`fr dk Hkksx Hkh djuk gS rks /keZ dk ikyu djrs gq, djuk pkfg, ;kfu izkf.kek= ds dY;k.k dk Hkko lnk cuk jgsA

b’kksifu"kn~ eas dgk x;k gS ^^bZ’kkoL;fena loZ ;fRdapr~ txR;ka txr~A rsu R;sDrsuHkqathFkk ek x``/k%dL;fLoua A vFkkZr~ ^leLr l``f"V jke esa gS mldk mi;ksx dsoy R;kx dh Hkkouk ls djksA nwljksa ds Hkkx ij Mkdk Mkyus dk iz;kl u djksA vFkoZosn ds HkwfelwDr esa dgk x;k gS] ^êkrkHkwfe%iq=ks·ga i``fFkO;k%A** vFkkZr~ ;g Hkwfe gekjh ekrk gS vkSj ge lc mlds iq= gSaA izR;sd izk.kh] ouLifr ,oa izR;sd pSrU;;qDr oLrq ij izd``fr dk cjkcj Lusg gSA ’kk;n ;gh dkj.k gS fd

ouksa esa fuokl djus okys ouoklh ,oa xzkeksa esa fuokl djus okys xzkeoklh dk i;kZoj.k ds izfr vknj o Lusg izkjEHk ls jgk gSA

gekjs _f"k tkurs Fks fd i``Foh dk vk/kj ty vkSj taxy gSA i``FOkh dh j{kk ds fy, o``{k vkSj ty dks egÙoiw.kZ ekurs gq, _f"k;ksa us dgk gS& ̂ ô`{kkn~o"kZfr itZU;% itZU;knUulEHko% vFkkZr~ o`{k ty gS] ty vUu gS vkSj vUu thou gSA vFkoZosn ds Hkwfe lwDr esa dgk x;k gS ^vj.;a rs i``fFkoh L;ksueLrq* vFkkZr~ rsjs taxy gekjs fy, lq[knkbZ gksaA Hkkjrh; thou ds vkJe prq"V~; esa czãp;Z] okuizLFk vkSj lU;kl dk lh/kk lEcU/k ouksa ls gh gSA

NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ esa míkyd _f"k vius iq= ’osrdsrq ls vkRek dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd o``{k thokRek ls vksrizksr gksrs gSa vkSj euq";ksa dh Hkk¡fr lq[k&nq%[k dh vuqHkwfr djrs gSaA NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ esa gh lR;dke dh dFkk dk mnkgj.k gSA dqN le; lR;dke czãpkjh dks f’k{kk nsus ds mijkar xq# mls 400 xk;ksa ds lkFk ou esa Hkst nsrs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd tc xk;ksa dh la[;k ,d gtkj gks tk,¡ rHkh og okil vk,A okilh esa lR;dke dks vfXu ds vfrfjDr ,d o`"kHk rFkk nks if{k;ksa g ¡l o e`nq ls czãKku dk mins’k feyrk gSA xq# lR;dke dks ou xeu djus ds vkns’k nsus dk mís’; Hkh ;gh le>kuk Fkk fd lPph f’k{kk lnSo izd``fr ds lEidZ esa jgus ls gh izkIr gksrh gSA

egkdfo dkfynkl us dqekjlEHkoe~ esa fgeky; dh egkurk vkSj nsoRo dks crkrs gq, dgk ^^vLrqLrjL;ka

fnf’k nsorkRek fgeky;ks uke uxkf/kjkt%A* fgeky; nsorkRek gS vkSj ioZrksa dk jktk gS izd``fr ds laj{k.k esa igkM+ dk Hkh egÙo gSA vr% igkM+ dk Hkh è;ku j[kk gSA

xhrk eas Hkxoku~ Jhd``".k dk dFku gS ^v’oRFk% loZo``{kk.kke~~* vFkkZr~ o``{kksa esa eSa ihiy gw¡A* ifjek.k vkSj vk;qe;kZnk nksuksa dh n``f"V ls v’oRFk vFkkZr~ ihiy dks loZO;kid vkSj fuR; ekuk tkrk gSA i;kZoj.k dks larqfyr j[kus esa o``{kksa dh Hkwfedk dks js[kkafdr djus dk mnkgj.k gSA o``{kksa eas thou gSA egkHkkjr ds ’kkafrioZ ds 184 osa vè;k; esa egf"kZ Hk``xq vkSj egf"kZ Hkkj}kt dk laokn gSA bl laokn esa Li"V o.kZu gS fd o``{k iapHkkSfrd vopsru gSaA gekjh laLd``fr esa uhe dks iw.kZ fPkfdRld] vk¡oys dks iw.kZ Hks"kt] ihiy dks ’kq) ok;qnkrk] ikdM+ vkSj oV ds ;qXe o``{kksa dks ty laxzkgd ,oa oV dks iw.kZ ?kj ekuk x;k gSA

dsoy o``{k yxkus ls gh i;kZoj.k laj{k.k gksus gS D;k\ ty] taxy vkSj tehu bu rhuksa dk Hkh è;ku j[kuk gksxkA tks ppkZ loZ= pyh gS] ml ppkZ eas Hkkjrh; n``f"V dks lfEefyr djus dh egrh vko’;drk gS] ijUrq dsoy ppkZ gh ugha vfirq izR;{k fØ;kUo;u gksuk pkfg,A okLro esa Hkkjrh; n’kZUk fo’o ds LokLF; dk CywfizaV gSA

46



f’k{kk % Lo:i] ljksdkj vkSj jk”Vªh; vdak{kk

f’k{kk fdlh Hkh lekt dh ewyHkwr vko’;drk gSA O;fDr vkSj jk"Vª ds pfj= fuekZ.k esa f’k{kk dh Hkwfedk vizfre gSA lEiw.kZ ns’k esa fujarj izokl] fLFkfr&ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk vè;;u] foospu] xaHkhj eaFku vkSj mlds vk/kkj ij viuk lqfopkfjr er&;g vrqy HkkbZ dksBkjh dk LoHkko gSA f’k{kk txr dh lcyrkvksa] leL;kvksa] nqcZyrkvksa ls os iw.kZr% ifjfpr gSaA f’k{kk cpkvks vkUnksyu ls yEcs le; ls lac) dksBkjh th us iwjs ns’k esa vusd dk;ZØe fd,] O;k[;ku fn,A bl foLr``r vuqHko dks mUgksaus vusd iqLrdksa ds ekè;e ls O;Dr fd;k gSA

^f’k{kk dk fodYi ,oa vk;ke* mudh uohure iqLrd gSA vrqy dksBkjh f’k{kk dks lexzrk esa ns[krs gSa [kaM&[kaM ughaA mudh n``f"V esa Nk=] f’k{kk laLFkku] Hkk"kk] ns’kt] ifjfLFkfr;ksa] Ik;kZoj.k vkfn lc ,d nwljs ls tqM+s gq, gSaA

f’k{kk igys O;olk; u gksdj lsok dk dk;Z FkkA vrqy dksBkjh ds vuqlkj ^f’k{kk ls thou thus ds n``f"Vdks.k ,oa thou fuokZg gsrq vko’;d {kerk dk fodkl gksuk pkfg,A* f’k{kk esa jk"Vªh; vkdka{kkvksa ,oa vko’;drkvksa dk leUo; gks] Hkkjrh; ijEijkvksa vkSj ljksdkjksa dks LFkku feys] foKku vkSj vè;kRe ,d nwljs ds fojks/kh u gksdj iwjd gksa ,oa ikB~;Øe tM+ u gksdj fodlu’khy cusA

Hkk"kk dk ekè;e f’k{kk ds ewy iz’uksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ekr``Hkk"kk esa f’k{kk lokZf/kd mi;qDr gSA dksBkjh th blls lger gSaA Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa v¡xzsth dk opZLo loZfofnr gS ysfdu v¡xzsth f’k{kk v¡xzsth fgrksa dh iks"kd gS] og Hkyk gekjs fgrksa dh j{kk dSls djsxhA Hkk"kk lanHkksZa es gh os fo’o ds ns’kksa dk mnkgj.k nsrs gaS] ftUgksaus v¡xzsth ds fcuk Hkh vk’p;Ztud izxfr dh gS vkSj fodflr ns’kksa dh vfxze iafDr esa [kM+s gSaA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsokvksa] O;kolkf;d f’k{kk ,oa U;k; O;oLFkk esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh fLFfr ls ge lc ifjfpr gSaA blfy, ;g vko’;d gS fd f’k{kk oSf’od lanHkksZa tqM+us ds lkFk gh Hkkjrh; cuh jgsA ikjEifjd f’k{kk O;oLFkk dks èoLr dj gh vk/kqfud O;oLFkk vkbZA mPp f’k{kk esa foÙkghu laLFkkuksa dh ’kq:vkr ls ysdj futh fo’ofo|ky;ksa dh ck<+ rdA ;s dsoy O;kolkf;d f’k{kk dks gh c<+kok nsrs gSa ftudh ekfdZV oSY;w gSA Hkk"kk laLd`fr ,oa ekufodh ds fy, buds ;gk¡ dksbZ txg ugha gSA vk/kqfud f’k{kk ds dsUnz esa gS HkkSfrdokn] blls Nk= Hkkjrh; ewY;kas ls fujarj nwj gksrs tk jgs gSa] dsoy /kuktZu gh muds thou dk ,dek= mís’; gSA vko’;drk gS mls viuh laLd``fr ls ifjfpr djkdj mPp ekuo&ewY;ksa ls ;qDr djus dh ftlls ,d iw.kZ O;fDrRo

iqLrd ohfFk

Jh vrqy dksBkjhlfpo& f’k{kk laLd`fr mRFkku U;kl

iqLrd izkfIr LFkku&izHkkr izdk’ku

ewY;& 200@& #-

47



dk fuekZ.k gks ldsA f’k{kk vius vki esa Lok;Ùk gS vU; fo"k;ksa ls mldk laca/k rks gS fdUrq og v/khu ugha gSA Lok;Ùkrk Åij ls uhps rd gks vkSj og Nk=ksa dks Hkh lqyHk gksA bl lanHkZ esa dkdk lkgsc dkysydj] dksBkjh] ,oa jk/kkd``".ku vk;ksx rd dh vuq’kalkvksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA

vrqy dksBkjh dk ,d lq>ko mYys[kuh; gS Hkkjrh; f’k{kk lsok dk xBuA vkt ,d vksj mPp f’k{kk laLFkkuksa dh ck<+ lh gS rks nwljh vksj csjktxkjksa dh QkStA ;gk¡ f’k{kk dks dkS’ky fodkl ls tksM+us vkSj mlds O;kogkfjd i{k dks Hkh le>us dh vko’;drk le; dh ek¡x gSA foMEcuk ;g gS fd viuh ijEijkvksa ls dVk vkSj loZFkk vfufHkK gS vkt dk ;qok oxZA bfrgkl vkSj lekt foKku dh ikB~;iqLrdksa ls vusd rF;kRed Hkwyksa dks mnkgj.k Lo:Ik izLrqr djrs gq, vrqy th

pkgrs gSa fd bu ?kVukvksa dks lgh ifjizs{; esa izLrqr fd;k tk, u fd ^lysfDVo rjhds lsA

pkfyl vè;k;ksa esa foLr``r ;g iqLrd vius esa ,sls fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dks lesVs gS] tks vkt ds Hkkjr ds fy,] vkt ds Hkkjrh; ;qok ds fy, izFk izn’kZd dk dke djsaxsA blesa f’k{kk n’kZUk gS] f’k{kk dk mís’; gS] f’k{kk dh lrr~ izokgeku ijEijk gSA bl bfrgkl izokg esa vkus okys vusd mrkj p<+ko gSaA fofHkUu Lrjh; f’k{kk dk lesfdr ikB~~;Øe gSA lkekftd lejlrk gS] efgykvksa] ;qokvksa ds eu dks Fkkgus dh bPNk gS] Nk= vkUnksyu vkSj Hkkjrh; fpardksa dh fparu fn’kk dh vksj Li"V ladsr gSA vkt dh jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr dh Hkh foLr``r iM+rky ys[kd us dh gSA f’k{kk dh xq.koÙkk ds lkFk ikB~;p;kZ] Hkk"kk uhfr] izca/ku ,oa vU; fo"k; tSls ;ksx] ’kkjhfjd f’k{kk o lekt lsok dks Hkh tksM+k

tk,A ’kks/k izfØ;k] ewY;kadu eas lq/kkj gks] oLrqijdrk gks ,slk mudk Li"V er gSA mudk lq>ko gS fd ^iwoZ izkFkfed f’k{kk dks fu%’kqYd ,oa vfuok;Z fd;k tk, lkFk gh blesa lekt dh Hkh Hkkxhnkjh jgsA*

vrqy dksBkjh th us vè;kRe dks foosdkuan ds ljy ’kCnksa esa bl rjg crk;k gS ^^fuLokFkZ Hkko ls dksbZ Hkh dk;Z djuk ;gh vè;kRe gS** ;g laLdkj lsokHkko ls tqM+dj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks laLdkfjr djus esa mi;ksxh gSA

f’k{kk ds lexz vk;keksa dks lesVrh vkSj l’kDr] lkFkZd fodYi lq>krh ,d laxzg.kh; ,oa iBuh; iqLrd gS ftlesa vrqy dksBkjh ds o"kksZa dk vuqHko ,oa fparu lekfgr gSA

iqLrd leh{kd & v#.k feJ¼Hkk"kk lkfgR;] laLd``fr ,oa n`’; JO; ekè;eksa ds vè;;u es fo’ks"k #fp] lEizfr& vè;kiu½

csVh vfHk’kki ugha] ojnku gS

^^tgk¡ fcfV;k gksus ij tehu lp esa Qyrh&Qwyrh gS]** th gk¡ ;g gS ,d vk’p;Z tud lR;A fcgkj ls xqtjus okys jk"Vªh; jktekxZ 31 ij djhc pkj fdyksehVj vkxs c<+us ij ,d vkn’kZ xzke gS /kjgjkA fcgkj ds Hkkxyiqj ls djhc 25 fd0eh0 nwj ij fcfV;k ds tUe ij de ls de nl isM+ yxkus dh izFkk gSA igys csfV;ksa ds tUe ds le; gh mUgsa ekj fn;k tkrk Fkk] ,d dkj.k Fkk ngst dk [kpZ vkSj vkfFkZd raxhA ,slh fLFkfr ls fucVus ds fy, muds xk¡o ds iwoZtksa us ;g jkLrk fudkyk fd csVh ds tUe ij mldk Lokxr fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mlds ykyu&ikyu] f’k{kk o ngst dk [kpZ tqVkus ds fy, mlds tUe ds le; Qynkj isM+ yxk;s tk;saxsA ;g o``{k yhph o vke ds gksrs gSaA igyh ckj ;g ijEijk v[kckj ds ekè;e ls ckgj dh nqfu;k esa xbZA ogk¡ vkt csfV;k¡ cks> ugha gS] vfirq lgkjk gSaA vc /kjgjk xk¡o ds fy, csfV;k¡ ,d /kjksgj gSaA bl ijEijk ds pyus ls i;kZoj.k tkx#drk ds lkFk&lkFk Hkzw.k gR;k tSls ekeys lqy> x;s gSaA Qynkj o``{k thou;kiu dk lk/ku cu x, gSaA ogk¡ dh dU;kvksa dks ^/kjgjk dh ou iq=h* ls lEcksf/kr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ,d izsj.kknk;h izlax gS] vkt mu lHkh ^NksVs&cM+s* ifjokjksa ds fy, mnkgj.k Lo:i izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vko’;drk gS Ik;kZoj.k ds cpkus dh mlds fy, fd, x, iz;ksxksa dks fdlh Hkh ekè;e ls lekt rd igq¡pkus dhA

^^fQj csVh [kysxh ugha f[kysxhA ruko eqDr ifjokj] LoLFk lekt dk |ksrd gSA**

vatfy HkVukxj] iwoZ iz/kukpk;ZljLorh cky eafnj tudiqjh]

ubZ fnYyh

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tura= ds eq[kj lsukuh] jktuhfrd in o lÙkk&lq[k dks NksM+dj nhunq[kh] vHkkoxzLr tulkekU; dh lsok gh ftudk thou è;s; jgk A jktuhfr ftuds fy, lsok {ks= dh deZHkwfe cuhA f’k{kk vkSj laLdkj lekt ds lkekU; tu rd igq¡ps] Hkkjrh;rk o jk"Vªizse ls vksrizksr ltx ukxfjdksa dk xq.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa iqf"ir vkSj fodflr gks rFkk lsokHkkoh thou cusa( ,sls ukxfjdksa ds fuekZ.k dk è;s; ftuds thou dk mís’; FkkA ,slh lksp ukuh th j[krs FksA ekxZn’kZd iafMr nhun;ky mikè;k;] J)s; HkkÅjko nsojl vkSj vktknh ds ckn Hkkjr esa Hkkjrh; f’k{kk dks iquLFkkZfir djus ds izfr deZB deZ;ksxh Jh d`".kpan xk¡/kh ds lkFk feydj ^ljLorh f’k’kq eafnj* uked f’k{kk dk eafnj LFkkfir djus okys vk/kqfud _f"k pafMdknkl ve`rjko ns’keq[k ftUgsa izse ls ukukth ns’keq[k iqdkjk tkrk gSA muds thou ds ckjs esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks tkudkjh nsuk orZeku le; dh vko’;drk gSA

11 vDVwcj lu~ 1916 dks ukuk th dk tUe egkjk"Vª ds fgaxksyh ftys ds dMksyh uked NksVk dLck esa gqvkA muds ekrk&firk mudks NksVh vk;q esa gh NksM+dj LoxZ fl/kkj x,A mudk ykyu&ikyu ekek ds ;gk¡ gqvkA muds ikl ’kqYd nsus vkSj iqLrdsa Ø; djus ds rd iSls ugha Fks fdUrq muds vanj f’k{kk vkSj KkuizkfIr dh mRdV bPNk FkhA mUgksaus bl dk;Z ds fy, lCth cspdj iSls tqVk, vkSj fiykuh ds fcjyk bULVhV~;wV esa viuh iz[kj izfrHkk ds cy ij mPp f’k{kk izkIr dhA

lu~ 1930 ds n’kd esa os jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k ds lEidZ esa vk, rFkk lnk ds fy, jk"Vª dk;Z esa lefiZr gks x,A Hkys

loZLonkuh HkkjrjRu ukuk th ns’keq[k

gh mudk tUe egkjk"Vª esa gqvk Fkk ijUrq mudk dk;Z{ks= jktLFkku vkSj mÙkj izns’k gh jgkA lekt dk;Z ds izfr mudh vlhe J)k ns[kdj gh jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k ds f}rh; ljla?kpkyd Jh ek/kojko lnkf’kojko xksyoydj us mUgsa xksj[kiqj esa la?k dk;Z ds fy, izpkjd cukdj HkstkA dk;Z ds izfr è;s; fu"Bk vkSj leiZ.k ns[kdj gh mUgsa ;g cM+k nkf;Ro lkSaik x;kA os mÙkj izns’k ds izkar izpkjd cusA

jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k ds vkfnljla?kpkyd MkW- ds’kojko cfyjke gsMxsokj ls muds ikfjokfjd lEcU/k FksA mUgksaus lEIkdZ esa vkrs gh izfrHkk dks igpku dj ukuk th dks la?k ls tksM+kA

1940 bZ- esa MkW- gsMxsokj th ds fu/ku ds ckn ukukth us vusd ;qodksa dks egkjk"Vª esa la?k ls tksM+kA tc vkxjk vk, rks iafMr nhun;ky mikè;k; ls feys] ckn esa os xksj[kiqj x, vkSj yksxksa dks la?k dh fopkj/kkjk ds ckjs esa crk;kA ;g dk;Z vR;ar dfBu Fkk] ml le; la?k dk;Z ds nSfud [kpZ ds fy, iSls Hkh ugha gksrs FksA ijUrq la?k gsrq mudh esgur jax ykbZ o rhu lky ds vanj xksj[kiqj ds vklikl la?k dh <kbZ lkS ’kk[kk,¡ yxus yxhA ukukth dk iz;kl tu lkeU; dh f’k{kk vkSj laLdkj lEo`f) dh vksj vf/kd Fkk vr,o mUgksaus lu~ 1952 esa

xksj[kiqj esa ljLorh f’k’kq eafnj dh LFkkiuk dhA

1947 esa jk"Vªoknh fopkj/kkjk ds fpardksa us ^jk"Vª/keZ* ekfld vkSj ^ikaptU;* lIrkfgd rFkk ^Lons’k* nSfud fgUnh lekpkj i= izdkf’kr djus o ns’k izse lEcU/kh fopkj dks tulkekU; rd igq¡pus dk fu’p; fd;kA vVy fcgkjh cktis;h dks laiknu] nhun;ky mikè;k; dks ekxn’kZu vkSj ukukth dks izca/k funs’kd dh ftEesnkjh nh xbZA 1948 esa egkRek xk¡/kh ds t?kU; gR;k ds ckn la?k ij izfrca/k yxk fn;k x;kA ftlls bu izdk’kuksa ds dk;Z ij O;kid vlj iM+k fQj Hkh dfBu ifjJe djrs gq, Hkwfexr gksdj ukukth us bl dk;Z dks tkjh j[kkA

jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k ls izfrca/k gVrs gh ,d jktuSfrd laxBu dh vko’;drk fn[kkbZ nh] bl gsrq MkW- ’;kek izlkn eq[kthZ ds usr`Ro esa Hkkjrh; tula?k dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA Jh xq# th ukukth dks mÙkj izns’k esa Hkkjrh; tula?k ds egklfpo dk izHkkj ysus dks dgkA ukukth dh la?k dh i`"BHkwfe gksus ds dkj.k tula?k dk tehuh dk;Z mÙkj izns’k esa LFkkfir gqvkA 1957 rd mÙkj izns’k ds lHkh ftyksa esa ikVhZ us viuh bdkb;k¡ cuk yhA blds fy, ukukth mÙkj izns’k ds ftyksa dk l?ku izokl fd;kA ifj.kke Lo:i tYnh gh Hkkjrh; tula?k mÙkjizns’k dh izeq[k jktuhfrd ’kfDr cu xbZA

ukukth ds laxBukRed lq>cw> ds dk;kasZ ls gh Hkkjrh; tula?k egRoiw.kZ jktuhfrd ’kfDr cukA MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k ls muds vPNs lEcU/k gksus ds dkj.k gh Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dh n’kk vkSj fn’kk nksukas cny x;hA

49



,d ckj ukukth us MkW- yksfg;k dks tula?k ds dk;ZdrkZ lEesyu esa cqyk;k] tgk¡ yksfg;k dh eqykdkr iafMr nhun;ky mikè;k; ls gqbZ vkSj nksukas dk vkil eas yxko gqvkA ukukth ds MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k vkSj pkS/kjh pj.k flag ds lkFk vPNs lEcU/k gksus ds dkj.k xBca/ku pykus esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ mÙkj izns’k esa igyh xSj dk¡xszlh ljdkj dk xBu gqvkA ukukth fcuksck Hkkos ds Hkwnku vkUnksyu esa Hkh lfØ; lg;ksx fn;kA nks efgus rd os fouksck th ds lkFk gh jgsA fouksck th muds dk;Z ls vR;kf/kd izHkkfor gq,A lEiw.kZ ØkfUr vkUnksyu esa xk¡/kh eSnku] iVuk ds ,d lHkk eap ij tc iqfyl us t;izdk’k ukjk;.k ij ykfB;k¡ pykbZa rc ukukth us mu ykfB;ksa ds pksV dks vius gkFk ij lgdj mUgsa lqjf{kr eap ls cpk ys x,A muds ,d gkFk dh dykbZ VwV xbZA t;izdk’k ukjk;.k vkSj eksjkjth nslkbZ us ukukth ds bl lkgfld dk;Z dh Hkwfj&Hkwfj iz’kalk dhA t;izdk’k ukjk;.k ds vkg~oku ij lEiw.kZ ØkfUr iwjs ns’k esa QSykA ns’k esa vkikr~dky rRdkyhu~ iz/kuea=h bfUnjk xk¡/kh ds }kjk yxk;k x;kA lHkh ds ekuokf/kdkjksa dks fujLr fd;k] ftlds fojks/k Lo:i ns’kHkj esa tulHkkvkas vkSj tsy Hkjks vkUnksyu vkjEHk gq,A vkikr~dky ds gVrs gh ns’k eas yksd LkHkk pquko djkus dh ?kks"k.kk gqbZA turk ikVhZ dk xBu dbZ fopkj/kjk ds yksxksa dks feykdj fd;k x;k ftlds laLFkkid esa ukukth ns’keq[k izeq[k FksA cyjkeqij yksdlHkk {ks= ls ukukth ns’keq[k lkaln fuokZfpr gq,A turk ikVhZ lÙkk esa vkbZA mUgsa eksjkjth nslkbZ vius eaf=eaMy esa m|ksx ea=h ds ukrs ’kkfey fd,A ysfdu ukukth us eaf=eaMy esa ’kkfey gksus ls lkQ badkj dj fn;kA mudk lq>ko Fkk fd lkB lky ls vf/kd vk;q okys O;fDr dks lalnh; jktuhfr ls nwj jgdj laxBu vkSj lekt lsok ds dk;Z djus pkfg,A

iafMr nhun;ky th dh t?kU; gR;k ls mudks vR;ar ihM+k gqbZA muds fy, ;g {kfr cM+h FkhA muds Le`fr esa mUgksaus ubZ fnYyh esa vdsys gh nhun;ky ’kks/k laLFkku cukus dh chM+k mBk;k vkSj dfBu ifjJe ls lu~ 1972 eas nhun;ky ’kks/k laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dhA iafMr nhun;ky mikè;k; ds ^,dkRe ekuookn* ls izsj.kk ysdj lekt ds uhps rcds ds yksxksa dks lekt esa lEeku fnykus gsrq o xjhch fujks/kd rFkk U;wure vko’;drk iwfrZ dk dk;ZØe pyk;k ftlds vUrxZr flapkbZ ds fy, ck¡l cksfjax] dqVhj m|ksx] xzkeh.k LokLF; vkSj xzkeh.k f’k{kk ds fy, vusd {ks=kas esa izdYiksa dk lapkyu fd;kA ukukth us 1980 eas lkB lky dh mez esa lfØ; jktuhfr ls laU;kl ysdj vkn’kZ LFkkfir djus gsrq lektlsok ds dk;Z esa yx x,A mUgksaus viuk thou lkekftd vkSj jpukRed dk;kasZ esa yxk fn;kA nhun;ky ’kks/k laLFkku dk vè;{k in lEHkkyrs gq, laLFkku ds lekt lsok ds dk;Z dks vkSj vf/kd c<+k;k rFkk mÙkj izns’k vkSj egkjk"Vª ds fiNM+s ftyksa [kkldj xksaMk vkSj chM+ esa izdYi pyk,A muds }kjk pyk, x, izdYi dk eq[; mís’; Fkk ^gj gkFk dks dke vkSj gj [ksr dks ikuh*A dk;Z dks igpku fnykus ds fy, ^eaFku* uke ls =Sekfld if=dk dk izdk’ku Hkh ’kq: fd;kA

mUgksaus mÙkj izns’k vkSj eè;izns’k ds dq[;kr chgM+ pacy?kkVh {ks= ds fp=dwV uked LFkku ij lu~ 1989 esa igyh ckj vk, vkSj vafre :i ls ogh cl x,A mUgksaus Hkxoku Jhjke dh deZHkwfe fp=dwV dh nqnZ’kk ns[kh vkSj vius thoudky esa gh bl nqnZ’kk dks cnyus dk ladYi fy;kA mUgksaus xzkeksn; fo’ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA ;g Hkkjr dk igyk xzkeh.k fo’ofo|ky; cukA ukukth blds igys dqykf/kifr cusA fp=dwV ifj;kstuk ij rRdkyhu~ jk"Vªifr Jh

,-ih-ts- vCnqy dyke vktkn us dgk fd ^^fp=dwV esa eSaus ukukth ns’keq[k vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ls eqykdkr dhA nhun;ky ’kks/k laLFkku xzkeh.k fodkl ds izk:i dks ykxw djus okyk vuqie laLFkku gSA ;g izk:i Hkkjr ds fy, loZFkk mi;qDr gSA fodkl dk;kasZ ls fookn eqDr lekt dh LFkkiuk eas enn djrk gSA dyke th ds vuqlkj fodkl ds bl vuqie izk:i dks lkekftd laxBuksa] U;kf;d laxBuksa vkSj ljdkj ds ekè;e ls ns’k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA** ’kksf"krks o oafprksa ds mRFkku ds fy, lefiZr ukukth th dh iz’kalk djrs gq, dyke us dgk fd ^^ukukth tks fp=dwV esa dj jgs gSa muls ns[kdj vU; yksxksa dh vk¡[ks [kqyuh pkfg,A**

1999 easa vVy fcgkjh cktis;h ds ,uMh, ’kklu dky esa mUgsa jkT;lHkk esa euksfur lnL; cuk;k x;kA blh lky in~e foHkw"k.k dh mikf/k Hkkjr ljdkj ls feyhA lu~ 2005 esa rRdkyhu~ mijk"Vªifr Jh HkSjksflag ’ks[kkor us mUgsa ^Kkus’oj iqjLdkj* ls lEekfur fd;kA ukukth ns’keq[k us 95 lky dh vk;q eas fp=dwV fLFkr Hkkjr ds igys xzkeh.k fo’o fo|ky; esa jgrs gq, vfUre lk¡l yhA os vius ’kjhj dks lu~ 1997 eas gh esfMdy ’kks/k gsrq nsgnku djus dk ladYi dj fy, FksA mudh bPNkuqlkj gh lu~ 2010 esa LoxkZjksg.k ds i’pkr~ llEeku muds e`rnsg dks vf[ky Hkkjrh; vk;qfoZKku laLFkku dks vfiZr dj fn;k x;kA muds tUe’krh o"kZ ds lekiu l= 2017 ds miy{k esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk lu~ 2018 esa ^Hkkjr jRu* dh mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA ftls vxLr 2019 es Hkkjr ljdkj us iznku fd;kA

& dkS’kys’k dqekj mik/;k;

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The Reasearch of MOON is -‘Chandrayaan-2’

It was the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States of America that trigered or inspired “space race” and “Moon race” with a specific focus on the Moon.Space historyof important firsts, such as the first photographs of the unseen, unexplored far side of the Moon in 1959 by the Soviet Union, and also with the landing of the first humans on the Moon in 1969, widely seen around the world as one of the pivotal events of the 20th century in specific and indeed of human history in general.

The crew of Apollo 8, on December 24, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders, became the first human beings to enter lunar orbit and see the far side of the Moon. Humans first landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. Neil Armstrong was the first human to walk on the lunar surface, He was the commander of the U.S. mission Apollo 11. The first robot lunar rover to land on the Moon was the Soviet vessel Lunokhod 1 on November 17, 1970, as part of the Lunokhod programme. Till date, the last human to stand on the Moon was Eugene Cernan, who as part of the Apollo 17 mission, walked on the Moon in December 1972.

There were 65 Moon landings between the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s (with 10 in 1971 alone), but

after Luna 24 in 1976 they suddenly stopped. The Soviet Union started focusing on Venus, space stations and the U.S. on Mars and beyond, and on the Skylab and Space Shuttle programs.

Japan In 1990, visited the Moon with the Hiten spacecraft, becoming the third country to place an object in orbit around the Moon. The spacecraft released the Hagoromo-probe into lunar orbit, but the transmitter failed, thereby preventing further scientific use of the spacecraft. In September 2007, Japan launched the SELENE spacecraft, with the objectives “to obtain scientific data of the lunar origin and evolution and to develop the technology for the future lunar exploration”.

The European Space Agency launched a small, low-cost lunar orbital probe called SMART 1 on September 27, 2003. Its primary goal was to take three-dimensional X-ray and infrared imagery of the lunar surface. It was intentionally crashed into the lunar surface in order to study the impact trail.

China has begun the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program for exploring the Moon and is investigating the prospect of lunar mining, specifically for the isotope helium-3 for use as an energy source

S.K. VATTA

M.Sc. (Botany), M.Ed.

UGC-CSIR qualified, GATE qualified,

Teaching experience of approx.29 years

as Lecturer in Colleges, Delhi University

& Many Schools,

Presently: - Vice-Principal

GEETA Sr.Sec. School No.-2 Sultanpuri, Delhi-110086

Written many articles on Astrology, Biology & social issues research & current topics in Pradeepika & others.

Served as Sangathan Mantri & Mahamantri for

Bhartiya Shikshan Mandal, Delhi Prant.

Now Sah-Pramukh Shodh Parishad, Delhi Prant.

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on Earth. China launched the Chang’e-1robotic lunar orbiter on October 24, 2007. Originally planned for a one-year mission, the Chang’e 1 mission was very successful and ended up being extended for another four months. Chang’e 1 On completing the 16-month mission on March 1, 2009, was intentionally impacted on the lunar surface. On October 1, 2010, China launched the Chang’e 2 lunar orbiter. China landed the rover Chang’e 3 on the Moon on December 14, 2013, became the third country to have done so. Chang’e 3 is the first spacecraft to soft-land on lunar surface since Luna 24 in 1976. Since the Chang’e 3 mission was a success, the backup lander Chang’e 4 was re-purposed for the new mission goals. China launched on 7 December 2018 the Chang’e 4 mission to the lunar farside. On 3 January 2019, Chang’e 4 landed on the far side of the Moon.

India’s national space agency, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), launched Chandrayaan-1, an uncrewed lunar orbiter, on October 22, 2008. The lunar probe was originally intended to orbit the Moon for two years, with scientific objectives to

prepare a three-dimensional atlas of the near and far side of the Moon and to conduct a chemical and mineralogical mapping of the lunar surface. The uncrewed Moon Impact Probe landed on the Moon at 15:04 GMT on November 14, 2008 making India the fourth country to touch down on the lunar surface. Among its many achievements was the discovery of the widespread presence of water molecules in lunar soil.

The Chandrayaan mission was a major boost to India’s space program. The idea of an Indian scientific mission to the Moon was first propounded in 1999 during a meeting of the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Astronautical Society of India (AeSI) carried forward the idea in 2000. Soon after, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) set up the National Lunar Mission Task Force which concluded that ISRO has the technical expertise to carry out an Indian mission to the Moon. In April 2003 over 100 eminent Indian scientists from the vast fields of planetary and space sciences, Earth sciences, physics, chemistry, astronomy, astrophysics and engineering and communication sciences discussed and approved the Task Force recommendation to launch an Indian probe to the Moon. Prime minister Sh. Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced the Chandrayaan project on course in his Independence Day speech on 15 August 2003, the Indian

government gave the permssion for the mission.

The mission had the following stated objectives:

• to design, develop, launch and orbit a spacecraft around the Moon using an Indian-made launch-vehicle.

• to conduct scientific experiments using instruments on the spacecraft which would yield data,for the preparation of a three-dimensional atlas of both the near and far sides of the Moon,for chemical and mineral mapping of the entire lunar surface at high spatial resolution, mapping particularly the chemical elements magnesium, aluminium, silicon, calcium, iron, titanium, radon, uranium, and thorium etc.

• to increase scientific knowledge

• to test the impact of a sub-satellite (Moon Impact Probe – MIP) on the surface of the Moon as a fore-runner for future soft-landing missions.

The Chandrayaan mission defined these goals:

• High-resolution mineralogical and chemical imaging of the permanently shadowed north- and south-polar regions

• Searching for surface or sub-surface lunar water-ice, especially at the lunar poles

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• Identification of chemicals in lunar highland rocks

• Chemical know how of the lunar crust by remote sensing of the central uplands of large lunar craters, and of the South Pole Aitken Region (SPAR), an expected site of interior material

• Mapping the height variation of features of the lunar surface

• Observation of X-ray spectrum ,thus Providing new insights in understanding the Moon’s origin and evolution.

Chandrayaan mission was widely appreciated all over the world by the stakeholders like ‘The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics’ (AIAA) has selected ISRO’s Chandrayaan-1 mission as one of the recipients of its annual AIAA SPACE 2009 awards, which recognises key contributions to space science and technology.

• The International Lunar Exploration Working Group awarded the Chandrayaan-1 team the International Co-operation Award in 2008 for accommodation and tests of the most international lunar payload ever (from 20 countries, including India, the European Space Agency of 17 countries, USA, and Bulgaria).

• US-based National Space Society awarded ISRO the 2009 Space Pioneer Award in the science

and engineering category, for the Chandrayaan-1 mission.

Chandrayaan-1 was India’s first mission to the moon which has operated for almost a year (between October 2008 and August 2009). The lunar orbiter is best known for helping to discover evidence of water molecules on the moon.

Chandrayaan-2 (pUnz;kuμ2 Moon-craft) is India’s second lunar exploration mission after Chandrayaan-1, Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the mission was launched from the second launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh

On 22 July 2019 at 2.43 PM IST (09:13 GMT) to the Moon by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III). It consists of a lunar orbiter, a lander, and a lunar rover named Pragyan, all developed in India. The main scientific objective is to map the location and abundance of water. The lander and the rover will land on the near side of the Moon, in the South Polar Region at latitude of about 70° south probably on 7 September 2019. The wheeled Pragyan rover will move on the lunar surface and will perform on-site chemical analysis for a period of 14 days (one lunar day). It can relay data to Earth through the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter and lander, which were launched together on the same rocket.

The orbiter will perform its mission for one year in a circularized lunar polar orbit of 100 × 100 km. The primary objective of Chandrayaan-2 is to demonstrate the ability to soft-land on the lunar surface and operate a robotic rover on the surface. If successful, Chandrayaan-2 will be the southernmost lunar landing.

A successful landing would make India the fourth country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, after the space agency’s of the USSR, the USA and China.

History of Chandrayaan-2:

On 12 November 2007, representatives of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and ISRO signed an agreement for the two agencies to work together on the Chandrayaan-2 project. ISRO would have the prime responsibility for the orbiter and rover, while Roscosmos was to provide the lander. The Indian government approved the mission in a meeting of the Union Cabinet, held on 18 September 2008 and chaired by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The design of the spacecraft was completed in August 2009, with scientists of both countries conducting a joint review. Although ISRO finalised the payload for Chandrayaan-2 per schedule,the mission was postponed in January 2013 and rescheduled to 2016 because Russia was unable to develop the lander on time. Roscosmos later withdrew in wake of the failure of

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the Fobos-Grunt mission to Mars, since the technical aspects connected with the Fobos-Grunt mission were also used in the lunar projects, which needed to be reviewed. When Russia cited its inability to provide the lander even by 2015, India decided to develop the lunar mission independently.The spacecraft’s launch had been scheduled for March 2018, but was first delayed to April and then to October to conduct further tests on the vehicle. On 19 June 2018, after the program’s fourth Comprehensive Technical Review meeting, a number of changes in configuration and landing sequence were planned for implementation, pushing the launch to the first half of 2019.Two of the lander’s legs got minor damage during one of the tests in February 2019. Chandrayaan-2 launch was initially scheduled for 14 July 2019, 21:21 GMT (15 July 2019 at 02:51 IST local time), with the landing expected on 6 September 2019. However, the launch was aborted due to a technical glitch and rescheduled to 22 July 2019.On 22 July 2019 at 09:13 GMT (14:43 IST) GSLV MK III M1 on its first operational flight successfully launched Chandrayaan-2. The primary objectives of Chandrayaan-2 are to demonstrate the ability to soft-land on the lunar surface and operate a robotic rover on the surface. Scientific goals include studies of lunar topography, mineralogy, elemental abundance, the lunar exosphere (Outer Atmosphere), and probability of hydroxyl and water

ice. The orbiter will map the lunar surface and help to prepare 3D maps of it. The onboard radar will also map the surface while studying the water ice in the South Polar Region and thickness of the lunar surface. The mission’s lander is called Vikram (Sanskrit: foØe ‘Valour’) named after Vikram Sarabhai (1919–1971), who is widely regarded as the father of the Indian space programme.The Vikram lander will detach from the orbiter and descend to a low lunar orbit. It will then perform a comprehensive check of all its on-board systems before attempting a soft landing, deploy the rover, and perform scientific activities for approximately 14 days. The approximate combined mass of the lander and rover is 1,471 kg. The preliminary configuration study of the lander was completed in 2013 by the Space Applications Centre (SAC) in Ahmedabad.

The mission’s rover is called Pragyan (izKku,To ‘lit’). The rover’s mass is about 27 kg and will operate on solar power. The rover will move on 6 wheels traversing 500 meters on the lunar surface at the rate of 1 cm per second, performing on-site chemical analysis and sending the data to the lander, which will relay it to the Earth station. For navigation, the rover uses: Stereoscopic camera-based 3D vision. IIT Kanpur contributed to the development of the subsystems for light-based map generation and motion planning for the rover. However, its

power system has a solar-powered sleep/wake-up cycle implemented, which could result in longer service time than planned. ISRO selected eight scientific instruments for the orbiter, four for the lander, and two for the rover. ISRO in 2010 had clarified that due to weight restrictions it will not be carrying foreign payloads on this mission. However, in an update just a month before launch, an agreement between NASA and ISRO was signed to include a small laser retroreflector from NASA to the lander’s payload to measure the distance between the satellites above and the microreflector on the lunar surface.Chandrayaan-2 launch was initially scheduled for 14 July 2019, 21:21 GMT (15 July 2019 at 02:51 IST local time).However, the launch was aborted 56 minutes and 24 seconds before launch due to a technical glitch and rescheduled to 22 July 2019. Chandrayaan-2 was launched onboard the GSLV MK III M1 launch vehicle on 22 July 2019 at 09:13 GMT (14:43 IST) with better-than-expected apogee as a result of the cryogenic upper stage being burned to depletion, which later eliminated the need for one of the apogee-raising burns during the geocentric phase of mission. This also resulted in the saving of around 40 kg fuel onboard the spacecraft. ISRO mentions 6 objectives the Chandrayaan 2 mission aims at achieving.

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Sh. Chamanlal was an RSS (Rashtr iyaSwayamsevakSangh) swayamsevak (volunteer) who made RSS international. Soon after India’s independence he played the role of keeping touch with those RSS swayamsevaks who went abroad but who did not want to severe their organizational links. With the passage of time the number of such persons kept swelling and ChamanLalji was their umbilical cord with India. Not this much, swayamsevaks abroad started ‘shakhas’ (organizational arrangement of RSS for bringing its followers together on daily or periodical basis). As RSS was essentially meant for uniting Hindus in India, its swayamsevaks who settled abroad felt that Hindus in foreign countries also needed to unite and thus HSS (Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh) came into existence meant for Hindus living abroad. ChamanLalji was the kingpin of this whole network.

He was not an ordinary person. He was a visionary and master organizer. Born in 1920 in Sialkot ( now in Pakistan) he studied upto postgraduation having brilliant academic record (a gold medalist in M.Sc. Botany) but rather than opting for the life of an ordinary person confined to a profession and family life, which most people do, he chose to become a whole life ‘pracharak’ (in

Mr. Chaman lal ji -Great contributetor of RSS

RSS pracharak happens to be one who dedicates his full time only for RSS work though for certain duration) in 1942. In initial years he was entrusted with various RSS responsibilities but once he was given the responsibility of keeping in touch with swayamsevaks settling abroad there was no looking back. And lo and behold Chaman Lalji made RSS international without travelling much. Most of his life he remained confined to his headquarter in RSS office cum residential complex of Jhandewalan in Delhi from where he spread his network of contacts all over the world. As the network grew bigger a need arose that someone should also travel abroad to strengthen the same and once HSS was started the need became more acute. But instead of Chaman Lalji himself travelling he was provided with assistance of many RSS pracharaks – Sh. Laxman Rao Bhide being the most prominent amongst them.

Activities of Chaman Lalji were not confined only to maintaining international contacts, along with many other responsibilities such as maintaining RSS records, creating a library, taking care of property matters of Jhandewalan and acting as driver of RSS car etc. He became a resource person in India for Hindus living abroad with respect to their requirements related to India and

Raj Kumar Bhatia

Ex-President

Akhhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad

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Indian Government. Like a seasoned diplomat he also performed the duty of keeping eye on international affairs and would provide feedback as and when required by political leaders especially from BJP. Vice versa also. The leaders who were to travel abroad were provided inputs by him particularly with respect to Hindus and issues related to them and these leaders included none other than Sh. Atal Bihari Vajpayee also who was External Affairs Minister during 1977-80, top leader of BJP thereafter and Prime Minister of India after 1998. Sh. Vajpayee had greatest regard for Chaman Lalji which was explicitly observed when as Prime Minister he visited Jhandewalan to pay his homage to Chaman Lalji after his death in 2003.

Chaman Lalji was embodiment

of simple living and high thinking. He used to live like an ordinary person who kept his requirements to the bare minimum. He used to wash his clothes himself and most of the time would wear khadi kurta-pyjama which he would wear without ironing.

I had the fortune of being well known to him. I wish to narrate two personal experiences with him. On the night of June 25, 1975 when internal emergency was clamped in the country I was sleeping in Jhandewalan. In midnight police landed there and there was likelihood of Chaman Lalji’sarrest. I brought this development to his notice and suggested to him to escape from there. So simple and unassuming he was that he felt helpless. I offered him my service in this matter. But the problem evaporated as police left by making just one symbolic arrest.

I went abroad for first time in 1994. It was to be a 4 week tour in US on invitation of the government. Still I wanted to have some references for my convenience. Chaman Lalji gave me enough references.

I have been associated with ChamanLalji memorial lecture which was started in 2004 and which was initially an annual feature but later became a biennial one. The first lecture was to be delivered by the then Sarsanghchalak of RSS Sh. KC Sudershan. I suggested that the then Prime Minister Sh. AtalBihari Vajpayee should be invited to preside over. Sh. Vajpayee agreed to this but in view of some exigency he could not make it. Such a great personality ChamanLalji was.

A WELCOME MOVE BY CBSEThe board has opened up opportunities for students in the Vocational stream

Syllabus of mathematics and science in secondary school education is one of the most discussed topics in the academic circles of India. Academicians parents and industry experts have long been arguing that mathematics and science taught in class Vlll – class X are not useful at work, unless the student decides to take up career in education board have understood the truth in this argument and have started taking corrective measures in this direction.

AdvantageousOne such initiative taken by the central board of secondary education (CBSE) is remodeling its assessment scheme for class X vocational stream. Now, the vocational stream students have to study six subjects, where in the sixth subject is an additional subject. Those who fail in either social science can replace it with a vocational subject. The board exam results will be computed accordingly.

Those who want to reappear for the failed subject can take the compartment examination. So, now, CBSE students who are not com-fortable with one of the three subjects can still pass the board examination by clearing the vocational paper. But of course, they have to study one additional subject. This is mandated under the national skills qualifications framework (NSQF).

The 13 options from which the student can choose their sixth subject are: introduction to financial market ,food production basic agriculture, information technology, dynamics retailing, automobile technology, beauty and wellness, security, front office operations, introduction to tourism marketing and sales, banking and insurance and health care services.

Co-ScholasticHolistic education demands development of all aspects of individual’s personality including cognitive, affective and psycho motor domains. It is unfortunate that not much attention and emphasis is given to the development of interests, hobbies and passion of learners. Focusing on excellence in academics alone undoubtedly results in lop-sided development of personality. It is thus essential that due importance be given to participation in co-curricular activities like music, dance, art, dramatics and other areas of one’s interest to make life more fulfilling and enjoyable.

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“A Model School in Each District is our Priority”

Vidya Bharati is the largest educational institution in India dedicated to the cause of imparting value-based education from primary to senior secondary level. Managing 23,000 schools through 70 committees, and imparting education to 35 lakh students with the help of 1.35 lakh teachers is indeed not an easy task. The model that Vidya Bharati has evolved over the years for quality education has been appreciated globally. Now, it is in the process of expanding its wings in higher education and also at the global level. Organiser Chief News Coordinator Dr Pramod Kumar spoke to the Joint Organising Secretary of Vidya Bharati Shri Yatindra Kumar in New Delhi to know the future plans of the largest educational institution of Bharat.

What was the prime objective behind the start of Saraswati Shishu Mandir Yojna in 1952?

Five years after achieving political Independence, some karyakartas, while thinking about future education in the country, started the first school in 1952 at Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. After serious thought, the school was named as Saraswati Shishu Mandir—where both the teachers and the students experience the feel of a temple. The prime objective was to prepare the young generation, which is knowledgeable,

rooted in Indian cultural ethos, possess high moral character and human values. The Saraswati Shishu Mandir Yojna is basically based on the age-old Bharatiya values of life and philosophy. The idea behind the whole thinking was that the school should have the feel of a family, where the students, parents, teachers and management are interconnected. In the beginning, plans were formulated to expand the schools in Uttar Pradesh only. Then, they were expanded to Madhya Pradesh. A Samiti, Shishu Shiksha Prabandh Samiti, was first constituted in 1958 to look after this work. Till 1977, about 600 schools had been started in different states. Then the discussion began to give it a national shape. After the Emergency, a grand Shishu Sangam of students from classes 3 to 7 was held in New Delhi in 1978 in which we had initially planned to have 10,000 students, but actually, 16,000 students participated. It was the world’s largest camp of school students in that year.

How was Vidya Bharati Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Sansthan started?

Vidya Bharati Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Sansthan was formed in 1978. Gradually, various new dimensions were added to its work. In 1979, the first Chintan Baithak was held at Lalsagar (Jodhpur) where the action

Latest Interview

Interview with

Shri Yatindra Kumar Sharma, Joint Organising

Secratery, Vidya Bharti

Akhil Bharti Shiksha

Sansthan

by

Dr. Pramod Kumar

(Organiser - Weekly)

New Delhi

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plan for expansion was chalked out and the boundaries for social development, education, geography were defined. Later, a research centre was planned which now functions in Lucknow. A research journal is also published. Then Sanskriti Bodh project was started. It is managed by a separate Samiti based in Kurukshetra. Last year, 22 lakh students appeared for the Sanskriti Bodh test all over the country. Apart from students, there are tests for teachers and parents too so that they know about the Bharatiya Sanskriti. The Second Chintan Baithak of Vidya Bharati was held at Palghat in 2005, where the objectives and targets, defined in 1989, were reviewed. The Third Chintan Baithak was held in Kurukshetra in 2008 for further planning.

How many schools, students, teachers and parents are associated with Vidya Bharati now?

Today, 70 Samitis running schools all over the country are affiliated to Vidya Bharati. There are schools in all the Prants except Mizoram. If we think at the district level, we have work in 624 districts. There are two parts of the schools—formal and informal. Schools from Shishu Vatika to 12th standard are formal schools, while the Ekal Vidyalayas and Sanskar Kendras are informal schools. The number of formal schools is 13,000, while the number of informal schools is 10,000. By and large, about 35 lakh students

study in all these schools. The number of teachers is 1.35 lakh. About one crore parents are associated with us today.

What is the mechanism to keep in touch with the Alumni and to use their talent for the betterment of the society?

We have about 10 lakh alumni who are well-settled in their respective areas. They are our real capital, which should be used for the betterment of the nation. Alumni have two sections. One, the students who are still studying somewhere and the second are those who have settled in various fields. We are gradually creating a system from schools to the national level to reconnect to the alumni. Every school is collecting data about its alumni. Meetings, camps and conferences of the alumni have begun. We have also started a web portal to connect with them. It is managed from Kolkata. About 95 per cent of schools have been registered on this portal. About one lakh alumni have also registered themselves on the portal. We have online contact with them now. We are also listing them according to their areas of work like education, administration, commerce, business, industry, management, army, police, etc. After preparing this data we will think how they can be better utilised for those areas.

How many schools of Vidya Bharati are digitised today?

Work on it has just begun. About

10 per cent of schools have digital classrooms.

Whom do you think are some of the foundation stones in the journey of Vidya Bharati?

There are countless people. But the contribution of Nanaji Deshmukh who started the first school in 1952 cannot be ignored. Similarly, personalities like Shri Deendayal Upadhyaya who drafted its first constitution in 1952, Shri Bhaurao Deoras, Shri Hanuman Prasad Poddar and Shri Krishna Chand Gandhi are remembered with high reverence. In states, Shri Narayandas in Uttar Kshetra, Shri Jaidev Pathak in Rajasthan, Shri Roshanlal Saxena in Madhya Pradesh, Shri Acharyulu in Andhra Pradesh and Shri K. Bhaskar Rao in Kerala were the prominent foundation stones.

If you have to list five major achievements of Vidya Bharati right from the initial days, what are they?

The first achievement of Vidya Bharati is marvellous examination results. In all the State Education Boards, our students achieve a place in the merit every year. Once, the ‘BBC’ prepared a report on the achievements of Vidya Bharati schools in Odisha. Shri Digvijaya Singh, when he was CM of Madhya Pradesh, felicitated our students and teachers for their wonderful performance in exams. In CBSE also our students excel regularly. The second achievement

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is our values—morality, spirituality and the values of life which are the core of our education system. It is because of the values that many educational institutions are eager to join hands with us. Many institutions study our model and try to emulate it. The third achievement is our alumni who are leaders in various spheres of their life today. They are our cultural ambassadors all over the world. Fourth is the dedicated team of teachers. Ordinary people from society joined us as teachers and we transformed them into extraordinary persons through our working method. They impart education through their personal conduct and qualities. They are in the field of education considering it a pious work where they work for building responsible citizens. These teachers are today active in various spheres of life. Fifth achievement is that the students getting education in their respective mother tongues are successful and hold higher posts in different spheres of life. Vidya Bharati is also successful in abolishing untouchability and malpractices prevailing in over one lakh villages.

Privatisation of higher education has increased commercialisation of education. Do you have any plan to start private universities also in future to provide quality and affordable education to the deserving students?

Vidya Bharati is against the commercialisation of education.

Education should be autonomous and managed by educationists. Since our prime objective is to impart sanskars through education, we have focused on education up to 12th standard which is the prime age of getting sanskars. Even then, about three years back we registered a body, Vidya Bharati Uchch Shiksha Sansthan. It is based in Noida. Hence, we are ready to enter the field of higher education in the country. We hope for a big stride in the field of higher education in the days to come.

A few years back, Vidya Bharati started engaging its teachers, students and parents into some constructive activities, particularly in the localities where the school is run. What is the progress on that front?

Yes, this experiment is gathering momentum. Since the beginning, we believe that school is the small form of society and it should emerge as centre of social awakening. It should not be like an isolated island. At the Palghat Chintan Baithak, we decided that every school in its vicinity should detect some social issues and use the manpower of students, teachers, parents and alumni to address those issues. Many schools have started inspiring work in this direction.

How many Ekal Vidyalayas are run in remote areas and how are they proving to be a medium of social change in those areas?

Under the informal education system, we have about 5000 Sanskar Kendras, which mostly function in deprived or underdeveloped slum areas of the cities. Also, about 5000 Ekal Vidyalayas are run mostly in the tribal, coastal and border areas. Some Ekal Vidyalayas are run in J&K and North Eastern states also. These are mainly in areas where the government agencies have not reached so far. We have designed a special curriculum for these schools. It particularly focuses on language and mathematics. For sanskar, stories, short stories, games, inspiring anecdotes from the life of great personalities are taught. These schools have generated great interest in education in those areas. Not only the students but also the parents are ready to teach their children. Secondly, the spirit of national awakening has been generated among those people, anti-national activities have effectively been curbed there. The people there have also come out from various types of superstitions. Many social evils have been arrested.

What was the input of Vidya Bharati for new Education Policy and how many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the draft policy?

We organised many conferences and discussions involving scholars and educationists to gather their input for the Education Policy. We mainly gathered 33 suggestions and submitted to Dr Kasturirangan Committee.

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Then we had three meetings with the Committee to exchange our idea of education and expectations from the future Education Policy. I feel about 80 per cent of our recommendations have been accepted by the Committee. Now after the release of the draft policy, we are studying it and are again discussing them with the scholars. We would again give our feedback to the government before August 31, 2019.

What is your overall opinion about the draft Education Policy?

By and large, the draft is good and presents an outline for the change in a larger context. In 1998 also, the Vidya Bharati had organised scholars’ meets to gather opinion about new education policy. A meeting was held in Delhi which was attended by about 350 scholars. At that time the majority opinion was that there is no need to formulate new education policy. If the government implements the recommendations of previous committees alone, a big change will be visible in the country’s education sector. A memorandum to that effect was presented to the then HRD Minister Dr Murli Manohar Joshi. Even today, we say the draft of the new Education Policy is good, but the major question is of its timely and effective implementation. If the system implements it with a strong will and the government also provides the desired budget for it, the nation will get inspiring results in the field

of education. Also, there is a need to prepare the teachers to impart education accordingly. About one crore teachers have to do it. They should be mentally prepared for it. If this happens, the new education policy will show good results.

Sometimes there are reports that the teachers working in most of Vidya Bharati schools are underpaid. Comment.

No, it is wrong to say it. We do not use the word ‘salary’. Rather we use the word ‘honourarium’, as we believe that we cannot pay for the commitment and dedication with which the teachers work in our schools. We grant them respectable honourarium. Their contribution is priceless to us. Even then we have some high paying schools. Our schools in Delhi, Haryana and Punjab pay according to 7th Pay Commission. Some schools pay according to 6th and 5th Pay Commission. We also provide other facilities like EFP and ESI to all the teachers. Since all our schools are run from social contribution and receive no aid from the government, we pay based on the social contribution we receive. Since beginning our policy has been that whatever amount we receive as fees, 80 per cent of that will be paid to the teachers as honourarium. Remaining 20 per cent will be used for other activities of the school. The amount collected through fees is not used for the construction of the building. For

it, we gather funds from society. The teachers joining our schools come with the spirit of dedication and commitment and not to earn money. That is why they feel satisfied.

What are the plans of Vidya Bharati for the next two-three years?

By the year 2024, our plan is to prepare at least one model school in every district which takes a lead in that area. That school should emerge as an ideal school imparting not only quality education but also ensuring sanskars, values and character, which are the core of our education system. Presently, we have work in 624 districts. In next three years we want to have schools in every district. Socially, also we want to have students from all segments of the society in our schools.

What about sports activities through Vidya Bharati?

Yes, Vidya Bharati students have excelled in sports also. When the sports activities began in 1988 from Gwalior with 250 children, we had focused on four types of sports. Now it is the mainstream activity in Vidya Bharati schools. Despite not having adequate sports infrastructure and facilities in schools, we have been able to discover and nurture sports talent all over the country. Sports activities are organised from schools to national level. School Games Federation of India (SGFI) recognised us in 2007. In the first year, 778 students participated

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in various sports activities and won 20 medals. In 2007, our rank was 33rd. In 2018, our students won 383 medals and our rank was 10th. SGFI has honoured Vidya Bharati for this achievement. They have started an award for discipline and cleanliness also. That too was first won by Vidya Bharati. Now Vidya Bharati students have started participating in international sports events also. Eight students from Vidya Bharati schools are now participating in international sports events. We are creating Vidya Bharati International Sports Academy in Kanpur so that we can develop international level sportspersons for the country. We have also decided to prepare good army officers.

There are reports that the Vidya Bharati is starting a military school in Uttar Pradesh. What is that project?

Yes, it is being started at Shikarpur in Bulandshahar District of Uttar Pradesh in the memory of former RSS Sarsanghachalak Shri Rajju Bhaiya. It is going to start shortly. The prime objective behind that project is to produce good military officers. We would impart regular education in the school. But the students will be imparted special coaching about the military so that they are selected in the army easily. This school will be affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Land for the school has been donated by a local retired military person.

Vidya Bharati has also started work in Nepal. What is the status of that work?

Yes, we started work in Nepal about a decade back. We work there through Pashupati Shiksha Samiti. We only provide them with guidance and allow them to follow our work method. The schools are managed by the local people only. Presently, about 30 schools are run under this collaboration. We have also received requests from various parts of the world to provide value-based education there. Discussion is going on within Vidya Bharati how such requests can be addressed and how we can help the organisations in foreign countries for value-based education.

Anything else you wish to mention about Vidya Bharati?

Words like Convent, Kindergartens are very popular in modern education. Instead of using such words, we use the word ‘Shishu Vatika’ and focus on five-dimensional growth of the children. Instead of following the Harvard education system, we have developed our own ‘panchmukhi’ and ‘panchpadi’ education system purely based on Indian needs and ethos. Two experiments have been conducted in Shishu Vatika. One is ‘Samarth Bharat’ where the focus is on pre-birth sanskars. The young couples are imparted training under this project on how to conceive and nurture a child with high values. This experiment

has proved to be a big success. There is a plan to start about 100 such projects all over the country. Second, we say that Home is the School. We have designed a curriculum on how a child can be imparted education at home. We are of the opinion that the ‘school atmosphere should be at home and home atmosphere should be at school’. That is why training for parents has been started. This is how a new education method has been developed through Shishu Vatika.

Another major project of Vidya Bharati is ‘Samagra Vikas’ (holistic development) because we believe that exam-oriented method does not evaluate the real talent of the student. Rather, we need a method that focuses on the holistic development of a child. At the moment the entire education system is exam-oriented. The focus should be on education and not on the exam alone. We have developed a curriculum up to eighth standard for holistic development of the students. The method of evaluation that we have developed has produced inspiring results. Vidya Bharati is the organisation, which thinks and works in totality taking all stakeholders together—parents, students, teachers and management. That is why we regard the school as a family where all stay and work with a family spirit. We believe in cooperation and not exploitation. It is a contribution to nation-building through quality education.

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Now 88, Piyong Temjen Jamir’s dedication to promotion of Hindi and also social service have been acknowledged with 14 awards over the past few decades.In 2006, a Naga educationist in full traditional regalia received the Ganga Saran Award from the hands of then president of Bharat APJ Abdul Kalam. The memory hangs framed prominently on the wall of the awardee’s home on the outskirts of Dimapur town. Twelve years later, the same Naga personality was on stage in Delhi, his attire again proclaiming his Naga identity, receiving the Padma Shree from President Ram Nath Kovind.

Battling stigma, threats, and ignored by his own people, Piyong Temjen Jamir, the lone singleminded crusader of Hindi language in Nagaland, probably wants to send a message to his critics that his identity as a Naga has not been compromised by his love for the Hindi – a language not favored for long in Nagaland as well as many parts of northeast India during the peak of separatist movements. And the man, reverently addressed as Guruji, has always draped himself in traditional weaves for each award or even for any photo for the media. Jamir, the principal of Rashtrabhasha Hindi Shikshan Sansthan, located in Nagaland’s cosmopolitan town of Dimapur, was recently awarded the

Padma Shri Piyong Temjen Jamir

Pankaj SinhaMSc. Math, B.Ed.

Organising SecretaryVidya Bharti Nagaland

PERSONALTY

Padma Shree for distinguished service in the field of literature and education. An honour well deserved, as anyone who had witnessed Jamir struggle through his life to promote Hindi in the state, would say.

Hardly anybody had any interest in Hindi and I was looked down upon by my own people and in my own village because I taught Hindi,” Jamir recalls of his early days as a Hindi teacher in his home state. “I became a pariah among my own people, but my love for the language and that we can create a script for our native language better with Devnagri kept me going against all odds.” “But,” he adds with a smile, “even I do not understand how I came to love this language so much.”

Jamir published articles in local newspapers putting forth the argument that Devnagri was more suited to script the tonal and rhythmic language of the Naga tribes than the Roman script. Substantiating, he points out the phonetic similarity between Sanskrit and Asian Pacific language.

The educationist was issued threats on more than one occasion by

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separatists fighting for independent Nagaland. “The undergrounds threatened me. They didn’t like me teaching and promoting Hindi as it was perceived as the language of the oppressors. If India doesn’t give us independence, we won’t allow Hindi to come here, they said. I made many enemies,” he says. The octogenarian recalls, “Uss dino me koi Hindi ko pyar nahi karta tha; Hindi wala ka matlab hai chota aadmi. But, Jamir persisted.

Starting with three students – two relatives and one a friend’s son – in a thatched accommodation and then shifting to the sprawling current site of the Rashtra Bhasha Hindi Shikshan Sansthan or Hindi College, the journey of Piyong Temjen Jamir has been a long and testing one.

Jamir’s tryst with Hindi began in 1963 when he left his native place to learn the language at Wardha in Maharashtra. He had attended a regular school till class VI in his village of Longsa, Mokokchung district, but lost interest in studies and more interested in farming, the main occupation in Naga villages.

After completing the course in Hindi at Wardha, he stayed back for two more years to acquire more knowledge of the language. “Others couldn’t stay there for even a year due to the heat, but I stayed for seven years. I was resolute. I wanted to learn to speak Hindi properly,” he says.

Coming back to Nagaland, he got a teacher’s post in Tuensang later left for Agra in 1973 to acquire B. Ed degree. Back to his state again, Jamir worked as an instructor in the Hindi Training College, originally established as a branch of the Wardha institute in 1962 in Dimapur as Rashtra Bhasha Vidyalaya. Frustrated by the disregard for the language among the local populace, he resigned from the college in 1982 and contested in the state assembly election unsuccessfully. “I was a broken man after my election defeat but my family supported me and urged me to carry forward my profession as a Hindi instructor. From 1982 to 1987, I lived on the earnings of my wife and daughter,” Jamir says.

In 1984, the Wardha institute withdrew its sponsorship of its branch in Dimapur and the thenincharge of the college coaxed Jamir, who was also in the managing board of the institute, to take over the institution as its owner. In 1988, resolute to revive the college, he shifted location and changed the name to Rashtra Bhasha Hindi Training Institute.

Jamir had also taken his young wife, Pangertula Jamir(now 77yrs), to Wardha to train her in Hindi and she became his pillar throughout the days of struggle. Jamir recalls how his wife faced off the undergrounds when they threatened him. “She is a strong woman and this journey would not have been possible without her. She gave me courage to go ahead with my

plans for the institute,” Jamir says.

Jamir says promoting Hindi has also helped him serve the society in many ways, including get local youths employed. “One of my first students was a girl whose husband had left her and their kids. She liked the language. I sent my wife to teach her at home and I helped her pass her exams. Then she got the post of Hindi teacher in her village.”

“Hindi ke seva karte huye logon ka sewa bohot kiya maine,” Jamir says. “That’s why the Lord has looked after me and my family’s well being,” he adds.

An avowed follower of Mahatma Gandhi, it was no surprise hence when he was dubbed as Mahatma Gandhi of Nagaland and Father of Hindi in Nagaland. But he is yet to get due recognition from his own brethren.

More than 2000 Hindi teachers in Nagaland have been trained under the tutelage of Piyong Temjen Jamir. Today, Jamir’s children teach Hindi. His eldest son Wallen Jamir has taken over his father’s institute.

In a felicitation programme of founder president of JSS organised by Vidya Bharati affiliate Janjati Shiksha Samiti (JSS) of Nagaland ( Jamir is founder President of JSS), the octogenarian made a quite entrance wearing the Ao Naga motifs on a traditional waist coat flanked by members of his family.


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