foreign direct investment and exchange rate pass-through: access to foreign markets

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Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange Rate Pass- through: Access to Foreign Markets Yushi Yoshida Faculty of Economics Kyushu Sangyo University

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Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange Rate Pass-through: Access to Foreign Markets. Yushi Yoshida Faculty of Economics Kyushu Sangyo University. 概要. 海外直接投資が為替レートパススルーに与える影響の分析 理論的背景 1)Appendix, 2)Yoshida(1999) 実証分析:日本の電気機器・電子部品のデータからは、理論と整合的な影響があることが確認された。. パススルーの概念と応用. パススルー - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange Rate Pass-through: Access to Foreign Markets

Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange Rate Pass-through:

Access to Foreign Markets

Yushi Yoshida

Faculty of Economics

Kyushu Sangyo University

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概要

• 海外直接投資が為替レートパススルーに与える影響の分析

• 理論的背景– 1)Appendix, 2)Yoshida(1999)

• 実証分析:日本の電気機器・電子部品のデータからは、理論と整合的な影響があることが確認された。

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パススルーの概念と応用• パススルー

– =1,  complete– 為替レートの変動が全て輸出価格に反映される

– =0,– 輸出価格は一定

• インフレショーン

• 貿易収支調整

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海外直接投資の現状

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0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Figure1: Number of Local Subsidiaries

R.O.W.EuropeNorth AmericaAsia

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

World Asia Europe North America

Figure2: Investment Purpose by Geography

InformationLocal m a rk e tNe t wo r kLab o r

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海外直接投資の概観

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independent local distributor with home production

MJDF

return

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流通拠点: subsidiary distributor with home production

MJDF

return

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生産拠点 ( 代替的 ) : independent distributor with multinational   production

MJDF

MJ

return

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生産拠点 ( 補完的 ) : independent local distributor with multinational production

MJ

DF

return

MJ

MF

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3) subsidiary distributor with multinational production

MJDF

MJ

海外直接投資

( 生産拠点+流通拠点 )

returnFDI

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海外直接投資とパススルー  • 生産目的

– substitution effect (代替的効果) -• 完成品(輸出品と競合する)

– complimentary effect (補完的効果) + ?• 部品

• 流通目的– Power-shift effect -– Elimination effect +

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Substitution Effect   ( 生産拠点 )

• 帰無仮説:パススルーは低くなる

• 実証研究  Gron and Swenson (1996) AER• モデル (worked out but not in the paper)

– Assumptions• linear   demand• increasing   MC (quadratic form)

– Note: constant MC with minimum production

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Complimentary Effect ( 生産拠点 )

• 帰無仮説:パススルーは高くなる ( 可能性がある)

• モデル  Yoshida (1999)– Note :  Yoshida(1999) の Table2 は川下企

業の費用を考慮すると完全には成立しない。

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流通拠点の海外子会社設立

• 垂直統合した後のパススルーの方が大きくなる Yoshida (1999)

– Assumptions• 輸出企業は独占企業として、海外流通会社に販

売する “ Chain of monopolies”

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垂直的統合前 : α =1 Chain of Monopolies

MJDF

return

(1)(0)

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MJDF

return

(0)( 1 )

垂直的統合前 : α = 0 Monopsony

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MJDF

return

(α)( 1-α)

垂直的統合前 : 0<α< 1 Intermediate case

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MJ

return

DF(α)( 1-

α)

Power-shift Effect and Elimination Effect

輸出企業の利潤

目的関数

DF(1)(0)

Power-shift

統合企業Elim i nation

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Elimination Effect

• 帰無仮説:パススルーは高くなる

• モデル  Yoshida (1999)

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Power-shift Effect

• 帰無仮説:パススルーは低くなる

• モデル  Appendix

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海外直接投資  概念図

• 生産目的– substitute effect (代替的効果) -

• 完成品(輸出品と競合する)

– compliment effect (補完的効果) +• 部品

• 流通目的– Power-shift effect -– Elimination effect +

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Data Source• サンプル期間:1988-1998(年

次)

• 為替レート– International Financial Statistics, IMF

• 輸出価格– 日本貿易月表 (9 桁分類 )

• FDI– 海外進出企業総覧

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貿易財のサンプル

• 電気機器・電子部品産業– ビデオ機器 (852110000)

• 1970 億円

– IC 部品 (854290000)• 2730 億円

– コピー機器 (900912000)• 3900 億円

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FDI 変数

• FDIDEAL1– (0 , 1) データ全期間

     

• FDIDEAL2– 1  if  1 企業以上

• FDIDEAL3– 企業数

• FDIPLANT1

• FDIPLANT2

• FDIPLANT3

FDIINDS 電気機器・電子部品産業全体

貿易財レベル

構造変化

浸透度

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パススルー推定式

• Two-way fixed effect パネル分析– αi country   fixed   effect

– 国別の価格差 ( 品質の差 )

– λt time   fixed   effect– 生産性・限界費用の変化

ittiitititit FDIeeP

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FDI 係数の「期待される符合」

• FDIDEAL2• ( 1  if  1 企業

以上)

– Power-shift -

• FDIDEAL3• (企業数)

– elimination +

• FDIPLANT2• FDIPLANT3

•  -   substitution

•  +   complement

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Table 1: Summary Statistics

mean std. dev. min max

FDIINDS 85.83 87.63 1 372

VideoFDIDEAL1 0.42 0.49 0 1FDIDEAL2 0.35 0.47 0 1FDIDEAL3 0.86 1.48 0 6FDIPLANT1 0.41 0.49 0 1FDIPLANT2 0.41 0.49 0 1FDIPLANT3 0.69 1.02 0 5

CopierFDIDEAL1 0.36 0.48 0 1FDIDEAL2 0.31 0.46 0 1FDIDEAL3 0.42 0.69 0 2FDIPLANT1 0.36 0.48 0 1FDIPLANT2 0.36 0.48 0 1FDIPLANT3 0.53 0.88 0 3

ICFDIDEAL1 0.56 0.50 0 1FDIDEAL2 0.48 0.50 0 1FDIDEAL3 0.92 1.28 0 5FDIPLANT1 0.78 0.42 0 1FDIPLANT2 0.63 0.49 0 1FDIPLANT3 1.12 1.30 0 4

Note: Sample countries for video are Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong,Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, UAE, UK, US; for copier, Australia, Belgium, Canada,France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Netherlands, Singapore, UK, US; for IC, Canada

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Table2: Estimated Pass- Through of Video Price

SpecificationIndependent variable: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

ER 0.72*** 0.80* 1.01*** 0.67*** 0.79* 0.85***

(2.96) (1.71) (2.50) (2.54) (1.93) (3.46)

FDIINDS*ER 0.00*

(-1.92)

FDIDEAL1*ER - 0.02(-0.06)

FDIDEAL2*ER - 0.20*** - 0.21*** - 0.20***

(-4.51) (-4.32) (-4.74)

FDIDEAL3*ER - 0.04* 0.01(-1.76) (0.31)

FDIPLANT1*ER 0.05(0.12)

FDIPLANT2*ER 0.07 0.06(0.22) (0.18)

FDIPLANT3*ER - 0.04 - 0.05** - 0.05**

(-1.50) (-2.24) (-2.25)

Adj- R2 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98Note: Figures in parenthesis are t- values; ***, **, and * indicate that the coefficient is significant at the 1, 5, and 10 percent, respectively.

-+

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Table3: Estimated Pass- Through of Copier Price

SpecificationIndependent variable: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

ER 0.18 0.31 0.34 0.39 0.37 0.35(0.60) (1.06) (1.20) (1.43) (1.39) (1.32)

FDIINDS*ER 0.00(1.43)

FDIDEAL1*ER 0.16(0.44)

FDIDEAL2*ER 0.00 - 0.13*** - 0.10*

(-0.18) (-2.32) (-1.92)

FDIDEAL3*ER 0.02 0.13*** 0.10**

(0.90) (2.49) (2.11)

FDIPLANT1*ER - 0.18(-0.44)

FDIPLANT2*ER - 0.07 0.54(-0.21) (1.50)

FDIPLANT3*ER - 0.22*** - 0.34*** - 0.29***

(-3.10) (-3.98) (-3.67)

Adj- R2 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99Note: Figures in parenthesis are t- values; ***, **, and * indicate that the coefficient is significant at the 1, 5, and 10 percent, respectively.

-+

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Table4: Estimated Pass- Through of IC Price

SpecificationIndependent variable: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

ER 0.57 0.66 0.42 0.92** 0.40 0.43 0.74***

(1.30) (1.19) (1.21) (2.36) (1.01) (1.26) (3.28)

FDIINDS*ER 0.00(0.98)

FDIDEAL1*ER 0.36(0.80)

FDIDEAL2*ER - 0.52*** - 0.57*** - 0.56*** - 0.57***

(-2.95) (-3.24) (-3.27) (-3.69)

FDIDEAL3*ER - 0.01 0.00(-0.27) (0.18)

FDIPLANT1*ER 0.04(0.07)

FDIPLANT2*ER 0.26*** 0.34*** 0.33*** 0.34***

(2.89) (3.49) (3.51) (3.83)

FDIPLANT3*ER - 0.03 - 0.07** - 0.07** - 0.07**

(-0.81) (-2.02) (-2.03) (-2.19)

Adj- R2 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97Note: Figures in parenthesis are t- values; ***, **, and * indicate that the coefficient is significant at the 1, 5, and 10 percent, respectively.

-+

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Summary of Conclusions(1)

• パススルーの推定式において、FDIデータは有意な変数である。– a)FDIの目的を考慮する必要がある

• 生産か流通か

– b)FDIが存在するか、しないかの区別が重要である。

• 構造の変化

– c)FDIの大きさ(件数)も重要である。• 浸透度の変化

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Summary of Conclusions(2)

• PTM効果を説明するのに、FDIが重要である。– 二国間の統合度により、為替レートによる

貿易財価格の影響が異なって表れる

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Summary of Conclusions(3)

• 貿易収支の調整は、貿易相手国とのFDIによって影響をうける。– 応用:– 通貨危機の発生と密接に関係のある貿易赤

字の調整

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End of presentation