gama technical group webinar june 2015
TRANSCRIPT
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GAMA Technical GroupWebinar/meeting
22nd June 2015@resilienceIO
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Agenda
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Globally
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Mongolia
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Mongolia
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Dorset, China and Scotland
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WASH Sector
Preliminary Data OverviewGreater Accra Metropolitan Area
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Rembrandt KoppelaarLondon, June 2015
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Spatial datasets
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Spatial: Greater Accra district boundaries
Prior 1988 1988 to 2001 2001 to 2008
2008 to 2012 2012 to present
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Spatial: current district boundaries
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Available spatial data to refine detailAvailable/who to contact?:
• GIS dataset Neighbourhood level boundaries?
• GIS dataset Enumeration areas?
• Slum area boundaries map?
Is population and household data available for these levels?
• GIS map of river basins GAMA (rivers, lagoons, canals etc.) - CERSGIS?
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Population and household datasets
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Population data - numbers2000
2010
Sources: Twum-Baah, K.A., Kumekpor, T.K.N. Addae-Mensah, I., Appiah, R., Tawiah, E.O., Wadieh, B., 2005. 2000 population and housing census: Greater Accra Region. Analysis of District Data and implications for Planning. Ghana Statistical Service. Sources: Awusabo-Asare et al., 2010. 2010 Population and Housing Census: National Analytical Report. Ghana Statistical Service. 409 pages
The 2000 values for new districts were estimated from aggregate 2000 district values and proportionate 2010 shares
Source:
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Household data - numbers2000
2010
Sources: Twum-Baah, K.A., Kumekpor, T.K.N. Addae-Mensah, I., Appiah, R., Tawiah, E.O., Wadieh, B., 2005. 2000 population and housing census: Greater Accra Region. Analysis of District Data and implications for Planning. Ghana Statistical Service. Sources: Awusabo-Asare et al., 2010. 2010 Population and Housing Census: National Analytical Report. Ghana Statistical Service. 409 pages
Also collected:- Type of house- Households per house
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Source Water Datasets
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Source Water Overview SourcesSource water treatment Weija + Kpong
WaterworksSource water
treatment Boreholes
Direct Water Consumption
Satchet Drinking Water Production
Bottled Drinking Water Production
Industrial use
Commercial use
Residential useDrinking water consumption
Tanker-Vendor Water
Distribution
Non- Drinking water consumption
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Source Water Network Infrastructure
Who to establish contact for:
- GWCL GIS for Map of source water piping infrastructure – location/pipe types/sizes/age?
- GWCL data for number of connections per district and sub-district level?
- GWCL data for estimates of non-revenue water portions as technical losses / theft / accepted non-revenue water?
- GWCL data/estimates for water consumption by district and sub-district level?
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Source Water Supply InfrastructureWeija Waterworks• Technology• 1984 - 102,000 m3/day• 2002 – 192,979 m3/day• 2009 – 245,484 ,3/day
Kpong Waterworks• Technology• 1965 – 205,000 m3/day• 1995 – 220,454 m3/day• 2015 – 413,589 m3/day
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Source Water Supply InfrastructureAMA/Okponglo reservoir + booster station• Reservoir ? m3• Booster station 35,000 m3/day
Source: Heytens, G., 2013. Atsutsuare Water Treatment Plant: Environmental & Social Review Summary. Denys
TEMA reservoir + booster station• Reservoir 172,800 m3• Booster station 99,600 m3/daySource: Ghana Hydro Database, 2014. Greater Accra Water Supply Systems fact Sheets http://ghanahydrodata.com/
? ?
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Source Water Supply InfrastructureOld TEMA reservoir • 11,365 m3/day
Source: Ghana Hydro Database, 2014. Greater Accra Water Supply Systems fact Sheets http://ghanahydrodata.com/
Teshie Desalination Plant• Ultra-filtration + Reverse Osmosis• April 2015 - 60,000 m3/day
?
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Source Water Supply Capacity
Weija dam collapse
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Source Water Overview
GWCL Collection of Revenue Water
± % in 2014
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Source Water Supply Total
Jump whilst no significant capacity additions?
Non-matching values?
Sources: GWCL cited in Table 5.2. Al-Hassan, K. Y. (2007). Water Demand Management of Domestic Water in the Accra, Tema Metropolitan Area (ATMA), Ghana. Unesco-IHE. / Figure 22. Page 105. Van Rooijen, D. J. (2011). Implications of Urban Development for Water Demand , Wastewater Generation and Reuse in Water-Stressed Cities: Case studies from South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Lougborough University. Figure 4.2. Page 84. Abbey, F. M. (2013). Assessing existing water demand and supply patterns and reuse options as additional sources of water in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). University of Ghana.
“The drastic fall in water production and a sudden increment in 1995-1996 are actually to to the general face lift of the two and only major sources of water supply by then (personal communication with Mr. Ebo and Mr. Abroakwa, both are station managers at the KPONG and Weija head works respectively).”
Al-Hassan, K. Y. (2007). Water Demand Management of Domestic Water in the Accra, Tema Metropolitan Area (ATMA), Ghana. Unesco-IHE
No other sources found which mentions expansions in 1995-1996 or projects thereto in order of 100,000 m3/day?
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Non-Revenue Water %
GWCL – available GAMA data to create a better estimate?
Sources: Figure 7.1. Page 109. Nyarko, K. B. (2007). Drinking water sector in Ghana: drivers for performance. Technical University of Delft. / Ameyaw, E.E., Chan, A.P.C. 2013. First PPP Application in the Urban Water Supply Sector: Performance and Lessons from Ghana. World Building Congress 2013 / Attafi, S.W., 2014. Capacity Building Support to GWCL - The Business Case for Setting up of LICSU. [online]. Available at: www.washghana.net/ Frimpong, Y.V., 2014. GWCL Loses 47.2% water. [online]. Available at: http://www.ghanavisions.com/mobile/news/65249-gwcl-loses-47-2-water.html
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Top-down water consumption estimate
Preliminary assumptions:- Ghana wide % of Non-revenue water from total water supply- Of non-revenue water 50% is lost from technical failures (leaks)- Water from boreholes is ignored (estimated <1% of sourcing)
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Revenue water collection by GWCL
Source: Ameyaw, E.E., Chan, A.P.C. 2013. First PPP Application in the Urban Water Supply Sector: Performance and Lessons from Ghana. World Building Congress 2013
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Bottom-up water consumption estimate
To create bottom-up calculations of water use per person
Water consumption- Per household type- Per house type and infrastructure- Per residential activity (cooking, drinking, bathing, other)- In commercial & industrial establishments
Challenges:- Available data of household consumption only small samples (4-5
studies)
- Linking of activities to water consumption
- No visibility on water in commercial and industrial use
- GWCL data?
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Bottom-up water consumption estimate
Calculation approach by GWCL:
“From discussions with GWCL however, they made use of the income status, their geographical location and the density of people living in an area to estimate the standard…..They also factored in industrial use of water into the per-capita consumption of an individual since they did not have a standard way of measuring industrial water use…. So their average working value of 120-140l/c/d is based primarily on the factors mentioned above”
Source: “Abbey, F. M. (2013). Assessing existing water demand and supply patterns and reuse options as additional sources of water in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). University of Ghana.”
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Source water service access2000
2010
Sources: Ghana Statistical Service, 2014, 2010 Population and Housing Census: District Analytical Report Adentan Municipality. Ghana Statistical Service.
Twum-Baah, K.A., Kumekpor, T.K.N. Addae-Mensah, I., Appiah, R., Tawiah, E.O., Wadieh, B., 2005. 2000 population and housing census: Greater Accra Region. Analysis of District Data and implications for Planning. Ghana Statistical Service.
The 2000 values for new districts were estimated from aggregate 2000 district values and proportionate 2010 shares
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Source water Rationing
Source: GWCL GIS section 2011 – Abbey, F. M. (2013). Assessing existing water demand and supply patterns and reuse options as additional sources of water in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). University of Ghana.
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Sewage / Waste water datasets
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Sewage Overview Main Sites current status
Waste water treatment Korle
Lagoon(not operational)
Polymer separation/drying
Slamson Korle Lagoon (operational?)
AMA Sewage pipe network
(not operational)
Treatment WSP University of Ghana Legon (operational)
Cesspit Direct Water body disposal
(Lavender Hill)
Liquid Waste Production
TEMA Sewage pipe network (operational)
Septic Tank Cesspit tankers
Local disposal (waterways, incineration, plastic bag dumping)
Sakumoto lagoon disposal
(direct pump without
treatment)
Treated liquid waste disposal in
water bodies
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Sewage flow overview
Source: hydrophil iC GmBH, 2014. Work Package 4: Financial Strategy for FS End-Use: Report on the Financial viability of faecal sludge end-use in Dakar, Kampala and Accra. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
Estimated volume of liquid waste generated:875,617 m3/year
Estimated volume of liquid waste collection needs:706,129 m3/year
Assumptions:- 0.20 liter cap/day pit
latrines- 1.00 liter cap/day
septic tanks / private toilets
- 2.00 liter cap/day public toilets
Average for GAMA 1.23 l cap/day
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Sewage household sanitation use%
Source: Twum-Baah, K.A., Kumekpor, T.K.N. Addae-Mensah, I., Appiah, R., Tawiah, E.O., Wadieh, B., 2005. 2000 population and housing census: Greater Accra Region. Analysis of District Data and implications for Planning. Ghana Statistical Service.
Sources: Awusabo-Asare et al., 2010. 2010 Population and Housing Census: National Analytical Report. Ghana Statistical Service. 409 pages
2010
2000
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Sewage disposal routes %
Source: Twum-Baah, K.A., Kumekpor, T.K.N. Addae-Mensah, I., Appiah, R., Tawiah, E.O., Wadieh, B., 2005. 2000 population and housing census: Greater Accra Region. Analysis of District Data and implications for Planning. Ghana Statistical Service.
Sources: Awusabo-Asare et al., 2010. 2010 Population and Housing Census: National Analytical Report. Ghana Statistical Service. 409 pages
2010
2000
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Sewage network infrastructure
GIS Map of AMA Sewage network?
GIS Map of TEMA Sewage network?
GIS Map of Septic Tanks & Locations?
Is there data in existence?
Management at TEMA by Tema Municipal Assembly? Who to contact?
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Sewage treatment infrastructureKorle Lagoon / jamestown Waste Water Plant• Opened in 2000 - not in operation
since 2004, broken pumps/lack of funds
• 2000 setup: Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor, Sludge thickeners, Trickling filters, final settling tanks, 24 sludge drying beds
• 16,120 m3/day capacity
Slamson Korle Lagoon/Lavender Hill Treatment Site• Constructed in 2013
• Polymer separation of sludge, subsequent drying of solids
• ± 50 trucks per day at present (400 m3/day)
• operational? (reports of funding problems?)
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Sewage treatment infrastructureKorle Lagoon / Lavender Hill Dumping Site• ± 120 to 150 trucks per day (960 - 1200 m3/day)
.. illegal cesspit dumping?
• Densu river?• Weija lake?
“Lavender Hill receives about 150 truckloads of faecal sludge per day with an estimated truck size of 6-10 m3 each…..The present demand for faecal sludge treatment in the project area amounts to approximately 1,600 m3/day…. In addition, estimated 50-75 truckloads per day are being dumped illegally around the city.”
Source: Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Department for Green Growth. 22 April 2015. Internal Grant Committee Meeting Agenda Item. No.:4 “The Sludge Treatment Project at “Lavender Hill”, Accra,Ghana
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Sewage treatment infrastructureUniversity of Ghana Legon Waste Stabilization Ponds
• WSP upgrade construction in 2011 (previously trickling filter operation)
• Capacity 6424 m3/day
• Design capacity 8566 m3/day?
Actual use?
“Problems occur, as people are refusing to connect to the system and it is therefore only operating at 12% of its original design capacity. The low pollution load causes failure of the biological system and hereby insufficient treatment….Measures, such as closing 2 of the 3 operational channels or allowing trucks to deliver FS at the reception stage, have so far not been taken… As soon as the WWTP in Legon starts full operation, they are planning to dry the waste water and then, depending on demand, sell or landfill the sewage sludge (Korankye 2013 in Hydrophil 2014)”
Source: Korankye, T., Technical supervisor at Legon Waste Water Treatment Plant (2013): Personal interview and site visit.
Cited in:
hydrophil iC GmBH, 2014. Work Package 4: Financial Strategy for FS End-Use: Report on the Financial viability of faecal sludge end-use in Dakar, Kampala and Accra. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
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Sewage treatment infrastructureAchimota treatment site
• Waste Stabilisation Ponds established in 1989
• No longer in operation since 2006 (make way for lorry park)
• Capacity 150 m3/day
Teshie-Nungua treatment site• Waste Stabilization ponds,
established in 1995
• No longer in operation since 2009?
• Capacity 80 m3/day ?Sources:
Strauss, M., Heinss, U., 1997. Proceedings: Workshop on Faecal Sludge Treatment. CSIR Sogakope Ghana, 3-5 December 1997
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Sewage treatment infrastructureUnidentified?• Teshie-Nungua water
treatment?• North of Accra-Tema
motorway• 5°39’48.56 N (DMS)• 0°05’39’81 W (DMS)
Unidentified• Klagon waterworks?• South of Accra-Tema motorway,
west of Sakumosa Lagoon• Exists on satellite map since
2011 (site on right side)• 5°39’11.07 N (DMS)• 0°02’47’30 W (DMS)
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Sewage treatment infrastructureTEMA Sakumono Lagoon Pumps
• TEMA sewage network pumping site + WSP, flows into Lagoon/sea constructed in 1994
• Waste stabilization ponds (inoperable since 2000)
Densu Delta Sewerage
• Part of ASIP project together with University of Ghana Legon Sewerage
• Listed as 5934 m3/day WSP• Never built*
* Source: hydrophil iC GmBH, 2014. Work Package 4: Financial Strategy for FS End-Use: Report on the Financial viability of faecal sludge end-use in Dakar, Kampala and Accra. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
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Sewage treatment infrastructureOther – in operation• Central university college AD (450 m3) 2007 to present• Accra Psychiatric HospitalAD (0.4 – 1.04 m3/hr) 2003 – present• KAIPTC Biokube (1.46 – 3.13 m3/hr) 2008 – present• Kotoka airport AS + C (?) 2001 to present• Labadi Beach Hotel SBR (0.42 m3/hr) 1992/2011 – present• La Palm Royal Beach Hotel AT (24.75 m3/hr) 2000 – present• Golden Tulip Hotel AS (12 m3/hr) 1993 – present• Nestle Ghana Limited AS + drying bed (15 m3/hr) 1971/2011 – present• TEMA east shields school AD (30 m3) 2002 - present• TEMA international school AD (30 m3/day) 2008 - present• Presidential palace (jubilee) AD (?) 2009 – present• Afircan regent hotel AD (60 m3) 2007 - present• Fiesta royale hotel AD (60 m3) 2010 - present• Ashesi university AD (80 m3) 2010 - present• Airport west hotel AD (60 m3) 2006 - present
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Sewage treatment infrastructureOther – no longer in operation / not traceable• Teshie Composting Plant Composting 1979 to 2002• Achimota Secondary School TF 1968 to 2010• 37 Military Hospital AS 1995 - ?• Korle Gonno WSP 1990 – 2002• Nungua Farms WSP 1990 – 2002• Madina Redco Flats WSP 1970s -?• CMA & Education Flats N Kaneshie Sub-surface filter ?• Accra High School AT 1970s -?• PRESEC School WSP? 1976 - ?• Botanical Gardens UoG TF + AS 1967 - ?• Lower Hill UoG TF ?• Pantang Hospital WSP 1974 - ?• Police Depot/Training Sub-surface filter 1970s -?• Burma Camp TF 1972 - ?
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Sewage treatment infrastructureOther – no longer in operation / not traceable• Military Academy and Training TF 1972 - ?• Trade Fair Company Limited AT 1966 - ?• Villagio ? ?• Tema New Town paradise Beach WSP ?• Roman Ridge ST + filter 1973 - ?
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To be mapped (studies collected)
- Operational inputs (electricity,chemicals)- Costs/Tarriffs/financial data- Water quality data
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Discussion planning of capacity & needs
What water and sewage infrastructure and operation planning systems exist and how could they be improved?
Examples of issues:
• Lack of transparency on state of the system for sewage?
• Long term water consumption needs and sewage treatment needs calculations ?
• Timing of project developments in relation to anticipated demands?
• Appropriate Infrastructure planning priorities? (e.g. Achimota sewage treatment close down for lorry park)
• Adequacy of efforts for all areas related to reliability of services / rationing of water?
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Data questions
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Data Questions
- CERSGIS availability of spatial boundary ofneighbourhood level data?- Who to contact at GWCL GIS?- Who to contact for sewage at Tema Municipal?- Who to contact for sewage at Accra Municipal?- Who to contact at the statistics office if anyneighbourhood / enumeration level data is available?
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Insights for prototype functionality
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What delivery of insights wouldprovide for functional use of the WASH prototype model?
Insights in planning, technology selection, system maintenance, revenue policies, affordability
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Discussion planning of capacity & needs
What water and sewage infrastructure and operation planning systems exist and how could they be improved?
Examples of issues:
• Lack of transparency on state of the system for sewage?• Long term water consumption needs and sewage treatment needs
calculations ?• Timing of project developments in relation to anticipated demands?• Appropriate Infrastructure planning priorities? (e.g. Achimota
sewage treatment close down for lorry park)• Adequacy of efforts for all areas related to reliability of services /
rationing of water?
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Success of solutions/technologiesIn addition to standard investment criteria - What are suitable criteria to assess different technologies on if they will work well in operation?
Examples:• Affordability – cost of connection to system
• Affordability – cost of service
• Maintenance required technical expertise / cost of failures
• Reliability of service? Reliability of revenue stream?
• Usefulness of output (sewage effluent / biogas )
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Sewage maintenance and expansionHow can the maintenance and ability to expand the sewage system be made more robust?
Example issues:• Capacity of AMA / TEMA sewage organizations?
• Affordability of sewage services?
• Insufficient revenue flows of AMA / TEMA sewage?
• Solutions which exist but with insufficient funds available / lack of
continuity (Slamson Ghana ltd sewage separation and drying)?
Thank you...
http://ecosequestrust.org/GAMA
Next meeting – July 30th
