gambar pertussis

8/16/2019 Gambar Pertussis

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http://www.my-pharm.ac.jp/~yishibas/research/Pertussis1.jpg

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http://www.cdc.go(/pertussis/images/pertussis-timeline-lg.jpg

http://www.cdc.go(/pertussis/about/signs-symptoms.html

http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/images/pertussis-timeline-lg.jpghttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/images/pertussis-timeline-lg.jpg


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http://phil.cdc.go(/phil/details.asp)pid*!1!1

http://www.(accineinformation.org/photos/pertaap''1.jpg ,opyright mericancademy of Pediatricsronchiolar plugging in neonate with pertussis pneumonia.

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http://www.(accineinformation.org/photos/pertwi''1.jpg ,hild with bro%en blood

(essels in eyes and bruising on face due to pertussis coughing.

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&hooping ,ough Photos

Photographs accompanied by text that reads 0,ourtesy of . . . 0 may be used fordisplays brochures posters and presentations. Please credit the appropriate

source. Photographs accompanied by text that reads 0,opyright . . .0 may not bereprinted without permission. Please contact the source 2not 3, for permission toreprint copyrighted photos.

Warning: Some of these photos are quite graphic.

Child has pertussis difficult for him to stop coughing and to get air www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertiac001.jpg

Larger image: www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertiac001a.jpg

Largest image: www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertiac001b.jpg

Courtesy of Centers for isease Contro! an" #revention.

Child with broken blood vessels in eyes and bruising on face due to pertussis

coughing.www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pert$wi001.jpg

Courtesy of %homas Sch!en&er' (' (#)' Chief (e"ica! *fficer' Chi!"ren+s )ospita! of Wisconsin

Female infant with pertussishttp://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertc"c00,.jpg

Largest image: http://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertc"c00,a.jpg

Courtesy of Centers for isease Contro! an" #revention

A photomicrograph of Bordetella (Haemophilus) pertussis bacteriawww.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertc"c001a.jpg

Courtesy of Centers for isease Contro! an" #revention

Bronchiolar plugging in neonate with pertussis pneumoniawww.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertaap001.jpg

Copyright -merican -ca"emy of #e"iatrics

Infant with pertussis cough, #www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertaap00,.jpg

Courtesy of the #ennsy!vania Chapter of the -merican -ca"emy of #e"iatrics

Infant with pertussis cough, #!www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertaap00.jpg


Infant with pertussis cough, #"www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertaap00.jpg


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ertussis, first in a se$uencewww.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertpmh00,.jpg

Copyright epartment of #ae"iatrics an" -"o!escent (e"icine' #rincess (argaret )ospita!' )ong ong or permission to

use image' contact r. CW Leung at: !eungcw2ha.org.h&

ertussis, second in a se$uence

www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertpmh00.jpgCopyright epartment of #ae"iatrics an" -"o!escent (e"icine' #rincess (argaret )ospita!' )ong ong or permission to


ertussis, third in a se$uencewww.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertpmh001.jpg

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10/16

Pertussis #re9uently s%ed uestions

;anguage:

. spreading diseaseD are they to blame for pertussisoutbrea%s)

• re most coughs pertussis and does e(eryone with pertussis 0whoop)0

http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs-sp.htmlhttp://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/facebook/offer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fpertussis%2Fabout%2Ffaqs.html&title=Pertussis%20%7C%20Whooping%20Cough%20%7C%20Frequently%20Asked%20Questions%20%7C%20CDC&description=&via=CDCgov&ct=0&media=http://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/twitter/offer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fpertussis%2Fabout%2Ffaqs.html&title=Pertussis%20%7C%20Whooping%20Cough%20%7C%20Frequently%20Asked%20Questions%20%7C%20CDC&description=&via=CDCgov&ct=0&media=http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#preventedhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#protecting-infantshttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#boosterhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#lifetimehttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#protecthttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#increasinghttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#travelershttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#travelershttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#travelershttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#soundshttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs-sp.htmlhttp://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/facebook/offer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fpertussis%2Fabout%2Ffaqs.html&title=Pertussis%20%7C%20Whooping%20Cough%20%7C%20Frequently%20Asked%20Questions%20%7C%20CDC&description=&via=CDCgov&ct=0&media=http://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/twitter/offer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fpertussis%2Fabout%2Ffaqs.html&title=Pertussis%20%7C%20Whooping%20Cough%20%7C%20Frequently%20Asked%20Questions%20%7C%20CDC&description=&via=CDCgov&ct=0&media=http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#preventedhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#protecting-infantshttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#boosterhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#lifetimehttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#protecthttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#increasinghttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#travelershttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#travelershttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#travelershttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#sounds


11/16

• re pertussis bacteria changing and causing an increase in pertussis cases)

• 6ow contagious is pertussis)

• BoesnAt herd immunity protect most people)

Español: Preguntas frecuentes sobre la tosferina

Q: Can pertussis be prevented with vaccines?

A: Yes. Pertussis, or whooping cough, can be prevented with vaccines. Before pertussis vaccines

became widely available in the !"#s, about $##,### children got sic% with it each year in the

&nited 'tates and about !,### died as a result of the infection. (ow we see about #,### to

"#,### cases reported each year and unfortunately up to $# deaths.

Pertussis vaccines are recommended for people of all ages. Babies and children should get )

doses of *+aP for maimum protection. A dose is given at $, " and - months, at ) through

months, and again at " through - years. A booster dose of +dap is given to preteens at or $

years old.

+eens or adults who didn/t get +dap as a preteen should get one dose. 0etting +dap is especially

important for pregnant women during the third trimester of each pregnancy. 1t2s also important

that those who care for babies are up3to3date with pertussis vaccination. You can get the +dap

booster dose no matter when you got your last regular tetanus booster shot 4+d5. Also, you needto get +dap even if you were vaccinated as a child or have been sic% with pertussis in the past.

6earn more about preventing pertussis.

7hooping cough can be deadly for babies. 6earn how to protect them through vaccination. 'ee

this infographic.

http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#bacteriahttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#contagioushttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#immunityhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs-sp.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/prevention/index.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/infographics/protect-babies-from-whooping-cough.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/infographics/protect-babies-from-whooping-cough.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/infographics/protect-babies-from-whooping-cough.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#bacteriahttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#contagioushttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html#immunityhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs-sp.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/prevention/index.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/infographics/protect-babies-from-whooping-cough.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/infographics/protect-babies-from-whooping-cough.html


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Q: Why is the focus on protecting babies from pertussis?

A: Babies are at greatest ris% for getting pertussis and then having serious complications from it,

including death. About half of babies younger than year old who get pertussis need care in the

hospital, and out of ## babies who get treatment in the hospital die.

+here are two strategies to protect babies until they/re old enough to receive vaccines and buildtheir own immunity against this disease.

8irst, vaccinate pregnant women with +dap during each pregnancy, preferably between $9

through - wee%s of pregnancy. By getting +dap during pregnancy, mothers build antibodies that

are transferred to the newborn, providing protection against pertussis in early life, before the

baby can start getting *+aP vaccines at $ months old. +dap also helps protect mothers, ma%ing

them less li%ely to transmit pertussis to their babies.

'econd, ma%e sure everyone around the baby is up3to3date with their pertussis vaccines. +his

includes parents, siblings, grandparents 4including those -) years and older5, other family

members, babysitters, etc. +hey should be up3to3date with the age3appropriate vaccine 4*+aP or

+dap5 at least two wee%s before coming into close contact with the baby. &nless pregnant, only

one dose of +dap is recommended in a lifetime.

+hese two strategies should reduce infection in babies.

1t/s also critical that healthcare professionals are up3to3date with a one3time +dap booster dose,

especially those who care for babies.

6earn more about complications in babies.

@op of Page

Q: If I've had whooping cough, do I sti need a pertussis booster?

A: Yes. 0etting sic% with pertussis or getting pertussis vaccines doesn/t provide lifelong

protection, which means you can still get pertussis and pass it onto others, including babies.

Q: !o pertussis vaccines protect for a ifetime?

Pertussis vaccines are effective, but not perfect. +hey typically offer good levels of protection

within the first $ years of getting vaccinated, but then protection decreases over time. +his is

%nown as waning immunity. 'imilarly, natural infection may also only protect you for a few

years.

1n general, *+aP vaccines are #3!#; effective. Among %ids who get all ) doses of *+aP on

schedule, effectiveness is very high within the year following the )th dose < at least ! out of #

%ids are fully protected. +here is a modest decrease in effectiveness in each following year.

About 9 out of # %ids are fully protected ) years after getting their last dose of *+aP and the

other out of # %ids are partially protected < protecting against serious disease.

http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pregnant/mom/get-vaccinated.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pregnant/mom/protection.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/complications.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pregnant/mom/get-vaccinated.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pregnant/mom/protection.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/complications.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html


13/16

=ur current estimate is that in the first year after getting vaccinated with +dap, it protects about 9

out of # people who receive it. +here is a decrease in effectiveness in each following year.

About or " out of # people are fully protected " years after getting +dap.

>eeping up3to3date with recommended pertussis vaccines is the best way to protect you and your

loved ones.

6earn more about protection from vaccines and infection.

Q: !o pertussis vaccines protect from serious disease?

A: 1f you/ve been vaccinated and get pertussis, you are less li%ely to have a serious infection.

+ypically, your cough won/t last as many days and coughing fits, whooping, and vomiting after

coughing fits won/t occur as often. 7hen vaccinated children get pertussis, fewer have apnea

4life3threatening pauses in breathing5, cyanosis 4blue?purplish s%in coloration due to lac% of

oygen5, and vomiting.

6earn more about pertussis symptoms.

@op of Page

Q: Why are reported cases of pertussis increasing?

A: 'ince the early !#s, there has been an overall trend of an increase in reported pertussis

cases. Pertussis is naturally cyclic in nature, with pea%s in disease every 3) years. But for the

past few decades, pea%s got higher and overall case counts went up. +here are several reasons

that help eplain why we/re seeing more cases as of late. +hese include: increased awareness,

improved diagnostic tests, better reporting, more circulation of the bacteria, and waning

immunity. +he bacteria that cause pertussis are also always changing at a genetic level. @esearch

is underway to determine if any of the recent changes may be related to the increase in disease.

7hen it comes to waning immunity, it seems that the acellular pertussis vaccines 4*+aP and

+dap5 we use now may not protect for as long as the whole cell vaccine 4*+P5 we used to use.

+hroughout the !!#s, the &nited 'tates switched from using *+P to using *+aP for babies and

children. 7hole cell pertussis vaccines are associated with higher rates of minor and temporary

side effects such as fever and pain and swelling at the inection site. @are but serious neurologic

adverse reactions, including chronic neurological problems, rarely occurred among children who

had recently received whole cell vaccines. 7hile studies have inconsistent results about whetherthe vaccine could cause chronic neurological problems, public concern in the &nited 'tates and

other countries led to a concerted effort to develop a vaccine with improved safety. *ue to these

concerns, along with the availability of a safe and effective acellular vaccine, the &nited 'tates

switched to acellular pertussis vaccines 4*+aP5.

6earn more about *+aP waning immunity pageC and pertussis outbrea%s.

http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/prevention/index.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/signs-symptoms.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/media/matte/2011/10_whooping_cough.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/outbreaks/about.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/prevention/index.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/signs-symptoms.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/media/matte/2011/10_whooping_cough.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/outbreaks/about.html


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Q: I've heard about parents refusing to get their chidren vaccinated and traveers

to the "nited #tates spreading disease$ are they to bame for pertussis outbrea%s?

A: Even though children who haven/t received *+aP vaccines are at least times more li%ely to

get pertussis than children who received all ) recommended doses of *+aP, they are not thedriving force behind the large scale outbrea%s or epidemics. Dowever, their parents are putting

them at greater ris% of getting a serious pertussis infection and then possibly spreading it to other

family or community members.

7e often see people blaming pertussis outbrea%s on people coming to the &nited 'tates from

other countries. +his is not the case. Pertussis was never eliminated from the &nited 'tates li%e

measles or polio, so there/s always the chance for it to get into a community. Plus, every country

vaccinates against pertussis.

6earn more about pertussis in other countries.

@op of Page

Q: &re most coughs pertussis and does everyone with pertussis whoop?

A: +here are a lot of causes behind a person/s cough and not every cough is pertussis. 1n general,

pertussis starts off with cold3li%e symptoms and maybe a mild cough or fever. But after to $

wee%s, severe coughing can begin. &nli%e the common cold, pertussis can become a series of

coughing fits that continues for wee%s. +he best way to %now if you have pertussis is to see your

doctor, who can ma%e a diagnosis and prescribe antibiotics if needed.

+he name whooping cough comes from the sound people ma%e gasping for air after a pertussis

coughing fit. Dowever, not everyone with pertussis will cough and many who cough will not

whoop.

+eens and adults, especially those who haven/t been vaccinated, may have a prolonged cough

that %eeps them up at night. +hose who do get the coughing fits say it/s the worst cough of their

lives. And the cough may last for wee%s or months, causing maor disruptions to daily life and

complications li%e bro%en ribs and ruptured blood vessels.

Babies may not cough at all. 1nstead, they may have life3threatening pauses 4apnea5 in breathing

or struggle to breathe. Any time someone is struggling to breathe, it is important to get them to a

doctor right away.

6earn more about pertussis symptoms.

http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/countries/index.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/countries/index.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/signs-symptoms.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/countries/index.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/signs-symptoms.html


15/16

Q: &re pertussis bacteria changing and causing an increase in pertussis cases?

A: F*F is evaluating potential causes of increasing rates of pertussis, including changes in

disease3causing bacteria types 4strains5. &nli%e a foodborne illness where one strain causes an

outbrea%, multiple types or strains of pertussis bacteria can be found causing disease at any given

time, including during outbrea%s. @esearch is underway to determine if any of the recent genetic

changes to pertussis bacteria may be related to the increase in disease in the &nited 'tates.

6earn more about Pertactin3(egative Pertussis 'trains.

@op of Page

Q: (ow contagious is pertussis?

A: Pertussis spreads easily from person to person through coughing and sneeGing. A person with

pertussis can infect up to $ to ) other people. +hat/s why being up3to3date with pertussis

vaccines and practicing good cough and sneeGe etiHuette are so important.

Iany babies who get pertussis are infected by older siblings, parents or caregivers who mightnot %now they have the disease. 1f pertussis is circulating in the community, there/s a chance that

even a fully vaccinated person of any age can catch this very contagious disease. But if you/ve

been vaccinated, your infection is usually less serious.

1f you or your child develops a cold that includes a very bad cough or a cough that lasts a long

time, it may be pertussis. +he best way to %now is to contact your doctor.

6earn more about pertussis transmission.

Q: !oesn't herd immunity protect most peope?

A: Derd immunity 4or community immunity5 is a situation in which, through vaccination or prior

illness, a sufficient proportion of a population is immune to an infectious disease, ma%ing its

spread from person to person unli%ely. Even individuals not vaccinated 4such as newborns and

those with chronic illnesses5 are typically protected because the disease has little opportunity to

spread within their community. 'ince pertussis spreads so easily, vaccine protection decreases

over time, and acellular pertussis vaccines may not prevent coloniGation 4carrying the bacteria in

your body without getting sic%5 or spread of the bacteria, we can/t rely on herd immunity to

protect people from pertussis.

Jaccines are the most effective tool we have to provide protection against pertussis. 1t/s

important that everyone get their recommended pertussis vaccines to protect themselves.

6earn more about vaccine coverage.

http://www.cdc.go(/pertussis/about/fa9s.html

http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pertactin-neg-strain.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pertactin-neg-strain.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/etiquette/coughing_sneezing.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/etiquette/coughing_sneezing.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/causes-transmission.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/imz-coverage.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/imz-coverage.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pertactin-neg-strain.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/etiquette/coughing_sneezing.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/causes-transmission.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/imz-coverage.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/faqs.html


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http://www.cdc.go(/pertussis/downloads/pertuss-sur(-report-!'14.pdf
http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/downloads/pertuss-surv-report-2014.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/downloads/pertuss-surv-report-2014.pdf

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