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GAS TURBINES

• Invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle• Patented in 1934• First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942 on Me262 by

Germans during second world war• Currently most of the aircrafts and ships use GT engines • Used for power generation• Manufacturers: Siemens – Westinghouse ,General

Electric, Pratt &Whitney, SNECMA, Rolls Royce, Honeywell, Alstom

• Indian take: Kaveri Engine by GTRE (DRDO)

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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

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Open CycleAlso referred to as simple cycle)

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The energy contained in a flowing ideal gas is the sum of enthalpy and kinetic energy.

Pressurized gas can store or release energy. As it expands the pressure is converted to kinetic energy.

Link to picture

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Gas Turbine components

Inlet system

Compressor

Combustor

Gas Producer Turbine

Power Turbine

Exhaust System

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Compressor Provides compression, and, thus, increases the air density for the combustion process. The higher the compression ratio, the higher the total gas turbine efficiency . Low compressor efficiencies result in high compressor discharge temperatures, therefore, lower gas turbine output power.

Gas Turbine Combustion

Combustion efficiency : 98%

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Combustor Adds heat energy to the airflow. The output power of the gas turbine is directly proportional to the combustor firing temperature; i.e., the combustor is designed to increase the air temperature up to the material limits of the gas turbine while maintaining a reasonable pressure drop.

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Compressor

Compressor Turbine Section

Power Turbine Section

Exhaust System Directs exhaust flow away from the gas turbine inlet. Often a silencer is part of the exhaust system. Similar to the inlet system, the exhaust system is designed for minimum pressure losses.

gas turbine power plant.mp4.mp4

Advantages and Disadvantages

• Great power-to-weight ratio compared to reciprocating engines.

• Smaller than their reciprocating counterparts of the same power.

• Lower emission levels

• Expensive: – high speeds and high operating

temperatures

– designing and manufacturing gas turbines is a tough problem from both the engineering and materials standpoint

• Tend to use more fuel when they are idling

• They prefer a constant rather than a fluctuating load.

That makes gas turbines great for things like transcontinental jet aircraft and power plants, but explains why we don't have one under the hood of our car.

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Latest addition…

Output 22.3 MW Thermal Eff. 40%

Power Generation◦ Fuel Economy◦ Low Emissions◦ Alternative fuels

Military Aircrafts◦ High Thrust◦ Low Weight

Commercial Aircrafts◦ Low emissions◦ High Thrust◦ Low Weight◦ Fuel Economy

Half the size and twice the thrust

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Gas Turbines OEMs

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