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to bring a charge/ a legal action/ a suit/ an appeala acuza; a intenta, un proces]

to abide by a law a se supune unei legi;

to bring verdict to a da o sentin;

to apply for a retrial a face a apel

to commit an offense/ a breach of the law/ a debauch [He committed an offenseagainst the State]

to prosecute for criminal offense [He was prosecuted by the Prosecution

Department from The Court of Law Iai]

The plaintiff (the claimant) suits the defendant- inculpat

I assert my rightto speak freely

To hold in custody

E. PERSONS IN COURT:

1. Defendant /Respondent = a person who is sued in a civil law suit;

2. Plaintiff = reasonably prudent person;

3. Expert witness = a person who has specialized knowledge of a

particular subject who is called to testify in court;

4. Appellant/ Petitioner = person who appeals a decision to a higher court;

5. Bailiff = officer of the court whose duties include keeping order and

assisting the judge and jurors;

6. Advocate = person who pleads cases in court;

Barristers (Lawyers, Advocates)

In England and Wales, a barristeris a member of one of the I nns of Cour t(=

the four law societies in London to which lawyers are members); he or she has passed

examinations and spent one year in pupillage(= training) before being called to the

bar(= being fully accepted to practise law). Barristers have the ri ght of audiencein

all courts in England and Wales: in other words, they have the right to speak, but theydo not have that right exclusively.

Magistrates

Magistrates usually work inMagistrates Courts. These courts hear cases of

petty crime, adoption, affiliation, maintenance and violence in the home. The court

can commit someone fortrial or forsentence in a Crown Cour t. There are two main

types of magistrates: stipendiarymagistrates (qualified lawyers who usually sit

alone); laymagistrates (unqualified, who sit as a benchof three and can only sit if

there is a justices clerkpresent to advise them).

Judges

In England,judges are appointedby the Lord Chancellor*. The minimumrequirement is that one should be a barrister orsolicitorof ten years standing. The

majority of judges are barristers, but they cannot practiseas barristers.

In other words, solicitors dont appear in court on a clients behalf and barristers

dont give legal advice to clients.

to bringbroughtbroughtto bring verdict to = a da o sentinto bring to = a face apelto bring a bill = a depune un proiect de lege

to bring a charge (against somebody to) = a acuzato bring a procedure to = a ncepe o procedur


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to bring a prosecution to = a ncepe urmrireato bring a suit to (against someone to) = a intenta cuiva un procesto bring an action to = a introduce o aciuneto bring an appeal to = a face apel, a ataca o hotrre judectoreascto bring before a judge = a aduce n faa unui judector / tribunal

to bring forward a complaint = a aduce o plngereto bring in a verdict of [not] guilty to = a [nu] se declara vinovatto bring in interest to = a aduce dobnzito bring in justice to = a chema n justiieto bring proceedings to = a intenta un procesto bring someone to trial to = a judeca pe cinevato bring the parties to = a pune prile fan fato givegavegivento give an administration order to = a institui un administrator financiar

to give a judgment to = a pronuna o sentin

to give an offence to = a aduce o jignire/ ofensto give evidence to = a da o depoziieto give forth to = a emite/ publica o tire/ o lege; a pronuna o hotrreto give in to = a ceda; a prezenta un documentto give information to = a denuna; a face un denunto give judgment to = a pronuna o sentin/ hotrreto give notice to = a concedia; a evacua; a da un preavizto give notice to somebody = a notifica de cevato give off = a emiteto give somebody in charge to = a da pe cineva pe mna poliiei

to give case for the defendant to = a pronuna o sentinn favoarea prtuluito give up to = a ceda; a renuna; a denuna; a preda justiieito give way = a ceda; a face concesiigiver = donatorgift = donaie; dargift by will = donaie testamentargift inter vivos = donaie ntre viigift purchase = dobndire prin donaiegift tax = impozit pe donaieto hear a case = a audia un cazto hear a case in camera to = a audia un proces cu uile nchiseto hear a witness = a audia un martorhearing = audiere; dezbatere judiciar; examinare; nfiare

Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a

spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this

declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language,

religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other

status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,

jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person

belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other


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limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of freedom.

Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave

trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading

treatment orpunishment.

Article 6: Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before

the law.

Article 7: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any

discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection

against any discrimination in violation of this declaration and against any incitement

to such discrimination.

Article 8: Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent

national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him / her by the

constitution or by law.

Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10: Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an

independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his / her rights and

obligations and of any criminal charge against him / her.


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1. damage(s) = Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done = 1.

avarie; daun; deteriorare; degradare; pagube; prejudiciu; piedere; 2. daune interese;

despgubire

2. commit (to ) = To send someone to prison or to a court = 1. a ncarcera; a

trimite pe cineva n nchisoare; 2. a ncredina; a da n sarcina cuiva; a depune n faaunei comisii

3. judicial = An adjective referring to a judge or to the law = juridic; judicial;

judectoresc

4. innocent = Not guilty of a crime = nevinovat

5. offence = Any act which is not legal = 1. insult; jignire; ofens; 2. act ilegal;

contravenie; culp; delincven; delict penal (Marea Britanie); infraciune; 3.

agresiune; atac; crim; 4. act ilegal; crim; delict (SUA); infraciune (SUA)

6. lawyer = A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal

business = avocat; jurist; jurisconsult

7. dispute = A disagreement or argument between parties = conflict; contestaie;

controvers; disput; divergen; litigiu

8. tribunal = A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines

special problems = tribunal; curte de justiie

9. case = A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal

proceeding = afacere; argumente; caz; cauz; instan; proces; spe10. judge = An official who presides over a court = judector; magistrat;

judector la curtea regal(Martea Britanie)11. plead = To make an allegation in legal proceedings = a invoca drept scuz; a

pleda; a se justifica; a susine o cauz12. defendant = Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case = acuzat;

intimat; inculpat; prt; persoanacuzat13. claimant = A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court =

reclamant; solicitant14. settlement = An agreement reached after an argument = 1. fixare; hotrre;

reglare; reglementare; rezolvare; soluionare; 2. acord; aranjament; convenie;

nelegere; tranzacie; 3. lichidare; achitare; 4. domiciliu legal

15. arrest = To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime = arest;

arestare; detenie; sechestrare; suspendare (a unei hotrri judectoreti)

16. hearing = A case which is being heard by a committee, tribunal or court of

law = audiere; dezbaere judiciar; examinare; nfiare

17. convict = To find that someone is guilty of a crime = 1. condamnat; deinut;

ocna; 2. dovadcare incrimineaz18. breach = Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement = infraciune;

nclcare a unui acord; violare a unui acord; nclcare a condiiilor contractului;nclcare a unei convenii; violare a unei convenii

19. prosecute = To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge = a

conduce o afacere/ anchet; a da n judecat; a institui/ a intenta un proces; a deschide

o aciune public; a pune sub urmrire judiciar; a urmri n justiie/ pe cale

judectoreasc.

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20. appeal = To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence = apel;

atacarea unei sentine judiciare; recurs

21. accuse = To say that someone has committed a crime = a acuza, a inculpa, a

invinovi, a incrimina

22. binding = Having the legal ability to force someone to do something =oblogatoriu, care leag, irevocabil


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23. civil = An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or

organisations = civil

24. defence = The arguments used when fighting a case = aprare; mijloc de

aprare; argumntele folosite n favoarea unui acuzat ntr-un proces

25. contract = A legal agreement between two or more parties = contract

26. criminal = An adjective referring to crime = 1. asasin; delincvent; criminal;uciga; fptuitor al unei crime; persoancare comite infraciunea de crim; 2. penal;criminal

27. jury = A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty

in a trial = curtea cu juri; jurai; juriu

28. evidence = A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or

disprove something at a trial = dovad; depoziie; eviden; mrturie; prob29. fine = To order someone to pay money as a punishment = 1. amend; 2.

avans; acont; arvun; 3. primpltitpentru nnoirea unei locaiuni30. injunction = A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not

to do = injunciune; ordin judectoresc de amnare; hotrre juridicde amnare_ International law glossary:

31. admit someone to the Bar (US) = to grant a person permission (from a Bar

association) to practise law (UK call someone to the Bar) = admitere, acceptare n

barou

32. advocate = person who pleads in court = avocat; aprtor; avocat pledant

33. affidavit = written statement which might be used as proof in court that

somebody makes after they have sworn officially to tell the truth = afidavit; declaraie

scriscudepunere de jurmnt utilca dovadn justiie34. appellant = person who appeals a decision to a higher court (US); see

petitioner= apelant; reclamant; reclamant n apel; recursant

35. appellate court (also court of appeal, appeals court) = court which reviews

judgments held by lower courts = curtea de apel

36. arbitration = form of dispute resolution (an alternative to litigation throughthe court system) in which disputes are heard and decided by an impartial arbitrator or

arbitrators, chosen by the parties to the dispute shares) = arbitraj; judecat37. bailiff (UK) = an officer of the sheriff who makes arrests and serves writs:

(US) a court officer who keeps order during court proceedings = aprod; portrel;

intendent; administrator; uier

38. the Bar (US) = legal profession; (UK) the profession of barristers = 1.

instan; 2. avocai; juriti; profesia de jurist; 3. avocatur, barou; 4. impediment

juridic; 5. bara n faa judectorului unde pledeazavocaii39. bar and bench = organization of lawyers which may regulate the profession

= avocaturi magistratur40. bar examination = (US) written examination taken by prospective lawyers inorder to qualify to practise law = interogare la bar70

41. Bar Vocational Course = (UK) required course to be taken.

42. by law = graduates wishing to practise law as a barrister. This is followed by

a period of pupillage = avocat stagiar

43. barrister (UK) = lawyer admitted to plead at the bar and in superior courts; a

member of one of the Inns of Court barristers chambers offices of barristers or a

group of barristers = avocat pledant la curtea superioar; membru al baroului; avocant

pledant (Marea Britanie)

44. benefit of the bargain = damages; see expectation damages = beneficiul

contractual45. bill = formal proposal for legislation = 1. act; 2. proiect de lege; 3.


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reclamaie; 4. bancnot, cambie; notde plat; poli46. breach of contract = failure to perform a contractual obligation or

interference with another partys performance which incurs a right for the other party

to claim damages = nclcare a unui contract; nerespectare a unor termeni

contractuali; nendeplinire/ violare a contractului

47. brief document = or set of documents containing the details of a court case =concluzii juridice; dosar al unui proces; expunere a dovezilor aprrii; rezumat

48. by-law = (UK) municipal law (US ordinance) = decizie a autoritii locale

49. call to the Bar = (UK) granting of permission to practise law as a barrister

(US admission to the Bar) = a admite n barou; a admite stagiari

50. case law (also common law; judge-made law) = body of law formed through

judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written

legislation = autoritatea lucrului judecat; jurispruden; precedente

51. civil law = 1) legal system developed from Roman codified law, established

by a state for its regulation; 2) area of the law concerned with non criminal matters,

rights and remedies = cod civil; drept civil

52. claimant = (UK) person who brings a civil action; (US) plaintiff =

reclamant; solicitant

53. clerk = (UK) court employee who takes records, files papers and issues

processes; (US) also a law student who assists a lawyer or a judge with legal work

such as research or writing = grefier; funcionar; secretar; vnztor n magazin (SUA)

54. common law (also case law; judge-made law) = body of law formed through

judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written

legislation = drept cutumiar; drept jurisprudenial

55. complaint = first pleading filed on behalf of a plaintiff which initiates a

lawsuit, setting forth the facts on which the claim is based (civil law).

56. confer = to grant, to bestow = cerere de deschidere a unui proces; plngere;

reclamaie

57. conflict of interest = clash between a persons personal interests and theirpublic or fiduciary responsibilities consensual agreed to by all parties = conflict de

interese

58. court of first instance = see lower court= judectorie (SUA); instana de

fond; prima instande judecat; instana de jurisdicie la care s-a introdus aciunea59. criminal law (also penal law) = area of law that deals with crime,

punishment or penalties = drept penal; cod penal (Marea Britanie, crown law)

60. crown court = (UK) higher court of first instance for criminal cases in

England and Wales. Together with the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal,

it forms the Supreme Court of Judicature; Appeals from the Crown Court go to the

criminal division of the Court of Appeal and then to the House of Lords.

61. damage loss = or harm as a result of injury =71

62. default = failure to perform a duty, whether legal or contractual; failure to

pay a sum that is due = 1. absen; contumacie; lips; neprezentare; 2. incapacitate de

a plti o datorie; insolvabilitate; nendeplinire a unei obligaii; neplat; neachitarea

unei datorii

63. defendant = (also respondent) person against whom an action is brought in

court. Defendant is generally used when referring to the answering party to a civil

complaint; respondent is generally used when referring to the answering party to a

petition for a court order = acuzat; intimat; inculpat; prt; persoanacuzat64. delegate = to give (duties) to another, to entrust another (with duties) = a

delega65. delegate = (UK) third party in a delegation to whom the duties have been


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transferred (US detegatee).

66. delegation of duties = transfer of responsibilities to be performed under a

contract to another = delegaie; subrogaie

67. delegator = person who transfers his duties to another = delegator

68. delivery = formal act of transferring something or passing possession on to

someone else = 1. distribuire; livrare; predare; 2. cesiune; punere n stpnire; transfer69. directive = order from a central authority, for example, the European

Community. A European Community Directive is binding as to the result, but each

Member State may choose how to implement it = directiv68. disability = condition of being unable to do something due to a physical or

mental impairment = incapacitate; dizabilitate

69. disbar = (US) to declare a person unable to practise law. In the UK the

barrister is expelled from his or her Inn of Court and is no longer allowed to represent

in court = a exclude; a radia din baroul avocailor

70. discharge = to release a person from an obligation = 1. a se achita de o

obligaie; a disculpa; a dezvinovi; 2. a se elibera; a concedia; a pune n libertate; a

da drumul n nchisoare; 3. a achita; a plti; 4. a descrca

71. disclaimer = repudiation or denial of a legal right or claim = renunare

explicit; refuz

72. draft = to produce a piece of writing or a plan that you intend to change later

= 1. ciorn; proiect; schi; 2. platprin cambie sau bilet de ordin73. duress = unlawful threat or coercion used to force someone to enter into a

contract = ameninare; coerciie; constrngere; deteniune; declaraie obinutsubconstrngere; privare de libertate; violen74. duty solicitor = avocat numit din oficiu

75. duty of care = obligation of a person to act with = obligaia de precauie; de

circumspecie; obligaia de diligen76. employment tribunal = judicial body that resolves disputes = tribunalul

conflictelor de munc77. endorsement = (UK) writing, including signature, on the back of a document

which allows for the transfer of the instrument (US indorsement) = aprobare;

adeziune; andorsare; act modificator al unui contract anterior; gir

78. enforceable = capable of being made effective. In the case of an agreement,

it is one in which one party can legally compel the performance of the other party =

executoriu

79. enforceable right = interest the law gives effect or force = drept executoriu

80. essential term = provision required for a contract to exist = element esenial

al unui contract

81. et alii = (et al.) (Latin) and others.

7282. et cetera = (etc.) (Latin) and other things of the same kind.

83.exempli gratia = (e.g.) (Latin) for example.

84. exemplary damages = seepunitive damages = daune interese pentru

prejudicii morale

85. expectation damages = (also benefit of the bargain damages); compensation

for the loss of benefits that a person would have received had the contract been

performed = daune inerente

86. expert witness = person who the court considers to possess specialised

knowledge or skill and who is allowed to offer an opinion as testimony in court =

martor specialist

87. fee = simple whole interest in a piece of real property; the broadest interestin property allowed by common law = 1. cotizaie; onorariu; remuneraie; tax; 2.


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poperietate motenit88. fiduciary = obligation to act solely in the best interests of another = curator;

depozitar; executor; testamentar; fiduciar; motenitor fiduciar

89. file with = to officially record (e.g. in a court of law) = a nregistra un act; a

pune n dosar

90. model = document or agreement with blank spaces to be filled in91. formation = act of bringing a contract into existence = ntemeiere; fondare

92. fraud = deliberate misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact to

gain an advantage = fraud93. fraud = the inducement of the act of misrepresenting or misleading someone

so as to entice them to enter into a contract or agreement = a frauda

94. good faith = state of mind whereby a person has an honest conviction = buncredin95. high court = (UK) court which hears serious civil cases and appeals from

county courts; (USsupreme court) = curtea supremde justiie96. id est = (i.e.) (Latin) that is.

97. infringement = unauthorized use of material protected by copyright, patent

or trademark law = abuz; infraciune; nclcare; violare; violare/ nclcare a legii

98. inheritance = property which can be transferred after death to a heir =

motenire

99. injunction = official order from a court for a person to stop doing something

= injunciune, ordin judectoresc de amnare; hotrre juridicde amnare.100. injured party = a party that has suffered a violation of its legal rights =

partea vtmat101. Inn of Court = one of the four institutions that barristers in the UK must

join in order to practise law as barristers

102. instrument = written formal legal document = act juridic; contract;

document oficial

103. intent = mental desire / willingness to act in a certain way = intenie; scop;nelesul unei formulri ntr-o lege/ document.

104. inter alia = (Latin) among other things.

105. ipso facto = (Latin) by the very fact itself.

106. issue = to produce or provide something official = 1. chestiune problem;

2. a emite; a elabora; a promulga; a soluiona

107. judge = public official who hears and decides cases in court = judector

108. judge-made law = (also case law. common law)body of law formed

through judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written

legislation = jurispruden73

109. judgment lien = lien imposed on a person against whom a judgment hasbeen entered but remains unsatisfied = drept de sechestru

110. juris doctor (JD) = (US) law degree (UK LLB).

111. juvenile court = court that hears cases involving children under a certain

age = tribunalul minorilor; instana care judecprocesele unde sunt implicai minori112. law school (US) = graduate school offering courses in law leading to a law

degree = facultatea de drept; studii n drept

113. legal entity = individual or organization that can enter into contracts, is

responsible for its actions and can be sued for damages = persoanjuridic114. legal opinion = document outlining a lawyers understanding of the law

regarding a particular situation = consult juridic

115. legal person = artificial entity created by law and given legal rights andduties; for example a corporation = persoanjuridic


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116. Legal Practice Course (LPC) = (UK) course that must be completed before

a person can be qualified as a solicitor. It is the first step to becoming a solicitor (the

second being working as a trainee solicitor, and the last being successful completion

of the Professional Skills Course).

117. licence = (UK) permission or authority to do something which would

otherwise be illegal. No interest is transferred in this case. (US license) = autorizaie;permis; licen(Marea Britanie); act de cesiune; autorizaie; brevet; cesiune; patent;permis; licen(SUA)118. lien = interest or attachment in anothers property as security for payment

of an obligation = 1. amanet; garanie; gaj; privilegiu; zlog; 2. drept de sechestru;

drept de retenie; drept de gaj cu deposedare; drept de sechestru pe averea datornicului

119. lien creditor = creditor whose claim is secured by a lien = datornic sub

drept de gaj

120. life estate = state granted only for the life of the grantee = posesiune

viager; uzufruct imobiliar viager

121. life tenant = person who holds a life estate or an estatepur autre vie, or for

the benefit of another = uzufructuar ()

122. liquidated damages = (alsostipulafed damages) compensatton that is

agreed to in the contract = despgubiri/ daune interese precizate n cazul neexecutrii

contractului

123. LLB (Legal Baccalaureus) = (UK) Bachelor of Laws, law degree (US JD,

juris doctor)

124. lower court (also court of first instance) court whose decisions may be

appealed to a higher court = judectorie (SUA); instana de fond; prima instandejudecat; instana de jurisdicie la care s-a introdus aciunea

125. magistrates court = (UK) court that has very limited powers = curtea

magistrailor

126. maker = person who makes a promissory note = promitorul

127. market economy = economic system which permits the open exchange ofgoods and services between producers and consumers. In a market economy prices

and production are largely determined by supply and demand. The contrasting model

to a market economy is central planning and a nonmarket economy = economia de

pia128. material breach = breach of contract which is so fundamental or significant

that the non breaching party is excused from its contractual obligations and may

recover damages = violare/nerespectare n fapt

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129. memorandum of association = (UK) legal document that sets out the

important elements of the corporation, including its name, address, objects and

powers. It is one of the two fundamental documents upon which registration of acompany is based. (US articles ofincorporation) = contract de asociere;

memorandum de asociere; statut al unei societi

130. merchant = person who is engaged in the buying and selling of goods for

profit = 1. comerciant; negustor; 2. comercial (merchant bank = banccomercial)131. merchantability warranty = implied by law that something is fit for the

ordinary purposes for which it is used.

132. minutes = notes or records of business conducted at a meeting = dare de

seam; proces-verbal

133. monopoly = organization or group that has complete control of an area of

business so that others have no share = monopol

134. moot court = fictitious court where law students argue hypothetical cases135. mortgage = transfer of legal title of a property, often land, to another as


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secunty for payment of a debt = 1. amanet; garanie; gaj; ipotec; ipotecare; 2. act de

amanetare; act de ipotecare; 3. mprumut ipotecar; mprumut imobiliar

136. motion = application to a court to obtain an order, rulling, or decision =

moiune

137. nemo dat rule = principle that states that one cannot give away more than

one possesses. If one does not possess title to something, then one cannot transfer titleof that thing to another.

138. non-consensual = not agreed to or formed by agreement of all parties =

neconsensual

139. non-obvious = quality of an invention being unexpected or surprising or

sufficiently different from other existing things. It is often a requirement for obtaining

a patent = neclar

140. notice = document providing notification of a fact, claim, or proceeding =

aviz; avertisment; consult; notificare; sfat

141. novation = substitution of an obligation with a new one, thereby canceling

the old obligation = mod de stingere a obligaiei; novaiune

142. obligee = person to whom a right is owed = creditor

143. obligor = person who owes a right = debitor

144. offeree = party to whom an offer is made = propuntor de ofert145. offeror = party that displays a willingness to enter into a contract of

specified terms = ofertant

146. ordinance = (US) municipal law (UKby-law) = decret; ordonan147. paralegal = person who assists a lawyer with legal advice but is not a

lawyer = paralegal

148. Parol Evidence = the rule that evidence, apart from the actual contract itself

cannot modify, explain, vary or contradict the written terms of a contract = depoziia

martorului; depoziie verbal; mrturie n instan(parole = eliberare condiionat)149. party = person or entity involved in an agreement = parte legal; persoanlegal150. pass of judgment/ a sentence = to give a verdict = a pronuna o sentin.

151. patent = grant from the government giving exclusive rights to an inventor

to make, use or sell an invention for a specified period of time = sentin152. payee = person who is being paid in a bill of exchange = beneficiarul unei

pli; creditorul unei cambii

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153. pecuniary compensation = remedy that involves compensating through

money = despgubire pecuniar154. penal law = (also criminal) area of law that deals with crime, punishment

or penalties = drept penal

155. per annum = (Latin) per year.156. per se = (Latin) by itself.

157. personal property = (also chattels in common law) things that are moveable

(as opposed to real property) and capable of being owned = avere mobiliar; bunuri

mobiliare; bunuri mobile; proprietate personal158. petitioner = (US) person who brings a petition to a court, especially on

appeal = petiionar; reclamant; solicitant

159. pleading = formal written statement setting forth the cause of action or the

defence in a case = dezbatere judiciar; pledoarie; procedurjuridic; concluzii160. pledge = property which is security for a debt or obligation = amanet;

asigurare; gaj; mrturie; obligaie; promisiune

161. pledgee = person who receives a pledge or the creditor in a securedtransaction = amenetar; creditor gajist; deintor al unui obiect gajat


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162. pledgor = person who gives a pledge or the debtor in a secured transaction

= datornic cu gaj; debitor gajist; persoancare amaneteaz163. priority right = right to enforce a claim before others = drept de preferin164. pro forma = (Latin) as a matter of form.

165. pro rata = (Latin) proportionally.

166. promisee = person to whom a promise oran assurance that something willor will not be done is made = beneficiar al unei promisiuni

167. promisor = person who makes a promise or an assurance that they will or

will not do something = promitor

168. promissory note = formal unconditional written note made and signed by a

person obligating him or her to pay a specified sum of money to another specified

person or to the bearer of the document = bilet la ordin

169. punitive damages = (also exemplary damages) compensation designed to

punish the breaching party for conduct found to be reprehensible, e.g. fraud =

despgubiri punitive

170. pupilage = (UK) one year of apprenticeship to become a barrister which

follows the completion of the Bar Vocational Course = stagiu de pregtire a unui

avocat

171.pur autre vie = estate granted only for the life of someone other than the

grantee.

172. real property = land including anything attached to it = bunuri imobiliare;

bunuri imobile; dreptul, titlul sau cota pe care o are o persoann posesia uneiproprieti imobiliare; proprietate imobiliar; proprietate real173. reasonably prudent person (also reasonable person) = fictitious person

used as a standard for legal reasoning in negligence cases

174. Registrar of Companies = (UK) officer in charge of keeping the list of

limited companies registered at the Companies House.

175. regulation = order controlling through rules or restrictions = dispoziii;

instruciuni; prescripii; reglementare; regulament; regul176. rejection = refusal to accept an offer = respingere (to reject a claim = a

contesta o crean)

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177. release = to discharge a person from an obligation = 1. anulare; eliberare;

eliberare condiionat; punere n libertate; scutire; 2. autorizaie; permis; 3. cesiune;

transfer

178. remedy = means of preventing, redressing or compensating a violation of a

right = compensaie; despgubire; recurs; remediu; reparaii juridice

179. respondent = see defendant= acuzat, inculpat; intimat; reclamant;

responsabil; vinovat

180. restitution damages = compensation which is equal to the amount of moneythe breaching party received under the breached contract = daune de restituire

181. right = interest that is recognised and protected by law = drept; justiie;

privilegiu

182. right of fair use = (US) defence to a claim of copyright infringement

whereby permission from the artist is not required so long as usage of that artists work

is reasonable and limited (UK). The concept of fairdealingis the closest equivalent:

however, fair dealing is more restrictive than the US doctrine of fair use and in order

to be protected, the use has to fall in one of several categories).

183. security = property pledged in order to secure the fulfillment of a promise

or loan = 1. cauiune, garanie; gaj; 2. garant; girant

184. senior partner = person who has been a partner of a law firm for manyyears (the exact number of years may differ in each firm): in some law firms, an


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official title given to some partners = avocat care are dreptul de a pleda n consiliul

reginei

185. serve = a document on someone; to deliver a legal document to someone

(which usually demands they go to a court of law or obey an order) = a deservi; a

ispi o pedeaps; a notifica; a preda o citaie/ somaie

186. sex discrimination =different treatment, usually awarding privileges tosome and denying privileges to others based on gender = discriminare sexual187. sic (Latin) = thus.

188. single European market = established under the Single European Act, came

into effect on 1 January 1993: the core of the process of European economic

integration involving the removal of obstacles to the free movement of goods,

services, people and capital between member states of the European Union = piaunic189. small-claims court = court that handles civil claims for limited amounts of

money = tribunal de plngeri minore

190. sole practitioner = lawyer who practises on his/her own = avocat liber

profesionist

191. solicitor = (UK) lawyer who is qualified to give legal advice and prepare

legal documents = 1. petiionar; petent; solicitant; 2. avocat consultatnt; consilier

juridic; jurist; consilier judectoresc (SUA)

192. sole practice = law practice with only one lawyer = practicliber193. special damages = (also consequential damages) damages that are awarded

due to a particular wrong or particular circumstances =

194. statute = formal written law created by a legislative body such as a

parliament, as opposed to a law created through the courts = act legislativ; lege;

ordonan; regulament; statut

195. statutory forms = forms required by law = acte statutare

196. statutory lien = security interest created by legislation due to the economic

relationship between the debtor and the creditor = ipoteclegal; statutory burglary =furt calificat

197.submit = to deliver a document formally for a decision to be made by others

= a prezenta un document / o ofert; a supune ateniei

198. sui juris = (Latin) of ones own right: able to exercise one's own legal

rights.

199. tangible chattel/ property = property other than land that is capable of being

touched or felt = bunuri corporale; proprietate tangibil200. tort = wrong committed between private individuals for which the law

provides a remedy = delict; ofens; pagub; prejudiciu

201. trade mark = (UK) word, phrase or symbol used by a manufacturer, seller

or dealer to distinguish their goods apart from the goods of others (US trademark) =marccomercial202. trade union = (UK) association of employees formed to further their mutual

interests with respect to their employment, for example working hours, wages,

conditions, etc. (US labor union) = sindicat

203. trainee solicitor = (UK) position of one who is completing the practical

apprenticeship required for a person to qualify as a solicitor. It is the second step to

becoming a solicitor (follows the completion of the legal Practice Course and is

followed by the Professional Skills Course) = avocat stagiar

204. tribunal = body with either judicial or quasi-judicial functions = tribunal

205. ultra vires = (Latin) unauthorised; beyond a person's legal powers.

206. usufruct = right to use another persons property for a period of time, to belater restored to the owner with only ordinary wear and tear = uzufruct


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207. versus = (vs, or v,) (Latin) against

208. vest = 1) to give full title to a property to a person; 2) to give a person an

immediate fixed right = a nvesti; a mputernici; a transfera un drept legal

209. videlicet = (viz.) (Latin) as follows.

210. writ = document informing someone that they will be involved in a legal

process and instructing them what they must do = citaie; document; nscris; mandat;ordonan; somaie

211. written resolution = written expression of an intention or opinion decided at

a meeting = decizie scris212. stipendiary = a full-time paid magistrate who has qualified as a lawyer.

213. lay magistrate = unpaid and is an established member of the local

community.

214. circuit = a geographical division for legal purposes; England and Wales are

divided into six.

215. recorder = a part-time judge with ten years standing as a barrister or

solicitor = arhivar (Marea Britanie); avocat numit de coroann funcia de judector;

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