Shige TAKADA, Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agric. &

Technol.

Global distribution of organic micropollutants in marine plastics

Acknowledgement

TUAT LOG : Hisashi Hirai, Yuko Ogata, Kaoruko Mizukawa, Rei Yamashita,

Hokkaido Univ. : Yutaka Watanuki, Daisuke Ochi Algalita Marine Research Foundation : Charles Moore, Holly Gray,

Duane Laursen SEA Education Association : Erik R. Zettler, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution : John W.Farrington,

Christopher M. Reddy, Emily Peacock Sea Turtles Forever : Marc W Ward

Acknowledgement

Nico Zurcher, Ruchaya Booyatumanondo, Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria, Le Quang Dung, Milliam Gordon, Carlos Miguez, Satoru Suzuki , Charles Moore, Hrissi Karapanagioti, Steven Weerts, Tim McClurg, Erick Burres, Wally Smith, Mark Browne, Michael Van Velkenburg, Judith Selby Lang, Richard Lang, Duane Laursen, Brenda Danner, Nickol Stewardson, Richard Thompson, J.A. van Franeker, jorge mermoz, Luis Antonio Pinto Alvarez, Susan Freinkel, Barbara Beckingham, Martin Thiel, Taj Powell, Nagasawa Horyu, Hugh Patterson, Doug Young, Andrea Oliveira, John Ofosu-Anim,

IPW is financially supported by Mitsui Foundation for Environment

Measurement of the concentrations of wide range of organic micropollutants in marine plastic fragments and their spatial pattern.

Topic

Kanagawa, Japan

Tonkin Bay, Vietnam

Long Beach, USA

Northern Pacific Central Gyre

Atlan&c

Marbella, Costa Rica

Tokyo, Japan

Central Pacific

Urban beach Rural beach Open ocean

Sampling locations of user plastic fragments and pellets

5%H2O deactivated silica gel column chromatography

25% DCM/Hexane 60%DCM/Hexane NP, OP

50%DCM/Acetone BPA

Fully activated silica gel column chromatography

GC-MS : PAHs GC-ITMS : PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs GC-ECD : BDE-209

25%DCM/Hexane 30 mL PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs

Hexane 3mL Alkane

Soxhlet Extraction

Sorting by Nearinfrared spectrometer

Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) Others

Acetylation Acetylation

GC-MS GC-MS

DCM; 24h

0.1 g – 1 g

Analytical Procedure

Target compounds

Nonylphenol Bisphenol A

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs)

DDTs 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

(PBDEs)

Sorption from ambient seawater

Octylphenol

Additive-derived chemicals

Overview of the analytical results on the marine plastic fragments

Large variability among the fragments

Both sorption-derived and additive-derived chemicals ranging from 1 ng/g to 10 µg/g

Distribution of chemicals sorbed from seawater in plastic fragments

Concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants were associated with anthropogenic activities.

Correlation of PCB concentrations between plastic fragments and plastic resin pellets

605 169 

12 10 

20 

94 

8 

341 

217 

169 

87 50 

24 

42 9 

27 

16 

26 

 6 

NL 

Vietnam Japan 

HK India 

Thailand Malaysia Indonesia 

Australia 

Italy 

U.K. 

Portugal 

South Africa 

Mozambique San Francisco 

Los Angeles 

86 

43 

416 Boston 

5 

Greece 

Analytical results of International Pellet Watch (IPW)

48 

32 SeaJle 141 Turkey 

53 

453 

73 

10 

107 

Singapore 

7 

250 258 

Costa  Rica 

5 

7 

7 

Chile 

T T 

45 

324 

6 

99 

253 

94 

Argen&na 

88 

Ghana 

28 

Bal&more 

19 

24  182 

Hawaii 

10 

85 

Taiwan 

2China 

51 

297 

16 

7 Cocos 

27 

47 

387 

Brazil 

143 

Philippines 

45  9 

25 

IPW tells us spatial pattern of chemical risk associated with marine plastics including resin pellets and plastic fragments.

Distributions of additive-derived chemicals in marine plastic fragments

High concentrations of additive-derived chemicals were detected both in remote and urban areas