groundwater leaverage final

Leveraging rural growth and development through managed groundwater use

Seifu Kebede, PhD Isotope Hydrogeology/Geochemistry

School of Earth Sciences Addis Ababa University

[email protected]

Presenta5on outline

Introduc5on: water for development, water for security The why and how of groundwater? Where to intervene to bring about the needed leverage? Outlooks

1. Introduc5on

Security narra5ve of (ground)water: Water security is food security and food security is na5onal security

WEF global risk report, 2015

1. Introduc5on

Development narra5ve of (ground)water: Water is GDP

2. Why groundwater?

Why groundwater???paradigm shiI around this resource? The ruined landscape concept social funcLon of groundwater Water supply (industry, urbanizaLon, domesLc etc, self supply) Emergency response Income generaLon, rural poverty reducLon, agriculture producLon Market and investment opportuniLes Buffering rainfall seasonality, moderator of global climate change Human health (principal pathways of parLcles)

2. Why groundwater?

Social funcLon of groundwater

The ru ined landscape concept (Helland, 1980)

L a n d a n d w a t e r o r alternaLvely pasture and water is inseparable landscape feature for the Borena pastoralists

Ella well from Borena, Ethiopia

2. Why groundwater?

Centralized water s o u r c i n g , d e c e n t r a l i z e d development UrbanizaLon Satellite ciLes and distributed water sourcing D e a l i n g w i t h s t a L o n a r y emergency-rapid development IndustrializaLon

2. Why groundwater?

Dealing with drought emergency GW for refuge camps

Water supply for IDP

Wash Strategy Report for Somali Region, USAID Report

Why groundwater?

NarraLve from SE Asia: Groundwater is democraLc water- HH food security; NB- rapid hidden revoluLon

Why groundwater?

Income generaLon, household food security and at scale increasing agriculture producLon

2. Why groundwater?

Income generaLon, household food security and at scale increasing agriculture producLon

2. Why groundwater?

Market and investment opportuniLes/innovaLons/Jobs

2. Why groundwater?

Market and investment opportuniLes/innovaLons/Jobs for rural youth and entrepreneurs

2. Why groundwater?

Buffering rainfall seasonality and long term drought

Coulter et al., 2009

2. Why groundwater?

Link to human health G W i s t h e p a t h w a y f o r parLculates to get t o h u m a n metabolism

Both deficiency and excess in the above

IRRIGABLE LAND POTENTIAL (ILaP) vs. AVAILABLE LAND FOR IRRIGATION

1. Opportunity exists 2. Highly risky (NB: the Water Bank Initiative in Ethiopia)

The state of groundwater irriga5on poten5al

2. Where to intervene? Leveraging the promise to opportuni5es

Is case/context specific 1. Knowledge of the resource base and its intrinsic characterisLcs 2. Economics and financing 3. InsLtuLons, InsLtuLonal innovaLon, capacity and skills 4. Technology access and liIing 5. RegulaLon and governance 6. Drivers- local and global context

1. Knowledge of the resource base and its intrinsic characterisLcs- the entry point

How much water can I draw? Renewable?

What is depth to water table?

What is the storage property of the aquifer?

Is the resource renewable?

Is the water quality suitable?

What is the risk of over exploitaLon?

What will be impact of climate change on g roundwa te r availability?


What is the ecological risk associated with development?

NB: 1. Uncertainty in hydrology/hydrogeology vs policy ar5cula5on

Shallow or deep drilling- depth segregated yield informaLon?

How much is the renewable resources?

Wh i c h t e c h n o l o g y t o map groundwater?

1. Knowledge of the resource base and its intrinsic characterisLcs- the entry point


1. Knowledge of the resource base and its intrinsic characterisLcs- the entry point; GhegoizaLon to integraLon


2. Economics and financing- NB: its link to technology

The kind of micro credit system well known in SE Asia is yet to be exercised in Rural Ethiopia/Africa


3. InsLtuLons, InsLtuLonal innovaLon, capacity and skills


A JICA study

3. InsLtuLons, InsLtuLonal innovaLon, capacity and skills- when insLtuLons are strong achievements are high, eg the WASH sector in Ethiopia


Ethiopia has just met the MDG goal on WASH, last week!! Thanks to investment and wash institutions!! Under the PBS and aid effectiveness umbrella

4. Technology access, liIing, appropriateness, funcLonality,


5. RegulaLon and governance Groundwater development in SE Asia was a hidden revoluLon! The dilemma is: RegulaLon sounds anL-development in some context (economics) AllocaLon rights- Challenging to implement/tragedy of the

commons

3. Where to intervene? leveraging the promise to opportuni5es


!Well spacing tool

Dug well development tool Access and liIing technology

ATA report, 2014

! Well spacing tool Dug well development tool Access and liIing technology


ATA report, 2014

6. Drivers local and internaLonal


Policy response to major international drivers 1960s push for mechanizaLon of agriculture in Ethiopia 1970s communism and land to Lllers slogan and naLonalizaLon of

large farms, cooperaLves, land owned by government used by farmers

1980s mixed economy around the Berlin wall fall 1990s- Sustainable Development and Poverty ReducLon Strategy 2000s- Plan for accelerated and sustainable development to end

poverty 2010s- Growth and TransformaLon Plan- now groundwater has firm

policy standing Post 2015: CRGE, interfacing CRGE policy in water sector-

groundwater for resilient growth

4. Outlooks

1. Linking SLMP with Water Resources 2. The Water-food-energy nexus 3. Building ins5tu5ons

4. Outlooks

Thank you

groundwater leaverage final

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