guião adn mitocondrial

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Uç`lcg 7 nd 1 + ¬ Fju|rlà~ Kgrlvg Kliagcj ?577

+ @tlæj ng Gurdvdc~gàæj= ’NCG KL^JFJCN_LGI‛ ‖

LC^_JNTÀÆJ

Cjv vdrdv urjfgrljc~dv) j kg~drlgi `dcì~lfj) `drgikdc~d fjkujv~j ujr gudcgv tk

frjkjvvjkg flrftigr) dcfjc~rg+vd ijfgil}gnj cj fl~juigvkg ngv fìitigv) dcwtgc~j cjv jr`gclvkjv

dtfgrljc~dv) g lcbjrkgàæj `dcì~lfg dcfjc~rg+vd mç kgljrl~grlgkdc~d grkg}dcgng cj cýfidj ngv

fìitigv) vjo g bjrkg nd çrljv frjkjvvjkgv# Cj dc~gc~j) kdvkj cjv dtfgrljc~dv ì ujvvëdi

dcfjc~rgr+vd udwtdcgv ujràôdv flrftigrdv nd NCG dk gi`tcv jr`gcl~jv fditigrdv) bjrg nj cýfidj)

fjkj cgv kl~jfþcnrlgv jt cjv uigv~ëndjv#

GNC KL^JFJCN_LGI

J GNC kl~jfjcnrlgi) GNCk jt k~NCG) ì) fjkj j cjkd lcnlfg) j GNC wtd vd dcfjc~rg cgv

kl~jfþcnrlgv# Gv kl~jfþcnrlgv væj jr`gcdijv fliëcnrlfjv urdvdc~dv cj fl~juigvkg ngv fìitigv njv

jr`gclvkjv) wtd ujndk ujvvtlr tk ~gkgcaj dc~rd 4 g 75 ιk nd fjkurlkdc~j) d wtd ujvvtdk

tkg `rgcnd lkujr~ïcflg g cëdi njv urjfdvvjv nd rdvulrgàæj fditigr) ujlv urjfdvvgk j jql`ìclj d g

ìlfjvd) fjcdr~dcnj+jv dk dcdr`lg) dk GÛ#

J GNC kl~jfjcnrlgi cæj ujvvtl ijc`jv bligkdc~jv nd ntuigv aìilfdv fjkj j NCG ctfidgr8 cg

drngnd) j k~NCG rdurdvdc~g gudcgv 7$ g ?$ nj GNC ng fìitig) d ujvvtl tk ntuij bligkdc~jflrftigr) fjnlblfgcnj gudcgv fdrfg nd 60 ̀ dcdv nlbdrdc~dv#

Kdvkj gvvlk) j GNC kl~jfjcnrlgi) rdig~lgkdc~d fjk j NCG ctfidgr) cæj ujvvtl nlbdrdcàgv

g cëdi ng fjkujvlàæj wtëklfg) kgv vlk tk fönl`j `dcì~lfj gudcgv vdt# Dv~d fönl`j grlg dc~rd gv

dvuìfldv dk kdnlng d dk cýkdrj nd `dcdv# Ujvvtl fjc~tnj) ~gi fjkj j GNC ctfidgr) tkg rd`læj

cæj fjnlblfgnjrg wtd) gugrdc~dkdc~d) gudcgv fjc~rjig g rduilfgàæj d g ~rgcvfrlàæj ndv~g

kjiìftig#

J `dcjkg kl~jfjcnrlgi ì `drgikdc~d aguiölnd) ujlv ujvvtl gudcgv tkg jrl`dk) kg~drcg#

Fjkj gv kl~jfþcnrlgv njv dvudrkg~j}ölndv væj cjrkgikdc~d ndv~rtëngv udij `ïkd~g bdklclcj) j

ötij) ij`j guöv g bdftcngàæj) cæj jfjrrdk rdfjkolcgàôdv g cëdi nj NCG ngv kl~jfþcnrlgv)

vdcnj dv~d) ujr~gc~j) ~j~gikdc~d kg~drcj#

Gvvlk) cjv ýi~lkjv gcjv) j GNC kl~jfjcnrlgi ~dk+vd rddignj tk lkujr~gc~d lcv~rtkdc~j

ugrg ~rgàgr ilcag`dcv kg~drcgv) ujlv) ugrg giìk nd fgng lcnlëntj gudcgv adrngr gv kl~jfþcnrlgv

kg~drcgv) j NCG kl~jfjcnrlgi ujvvtl gi`tkgv fgrgf~drëv~lfgv wtd j ~jrcgk lcnlv~lc~j nj NCG

ctfidgr) bgflil~gcnj gvvlk g vtg gcçilvd d ~jrcgcnj+j tkg lkujr~gc~d bjc~d nd ngnjv vjord g

djitàæj kjidftigr# Gv urlcfluglv fgrgf~drëv~lfgv væj dc~æj j bgf~j nd=



Uç`lcg ? nd 1 + ¬ Fju|rl`a~ Kgrlvg Kliagcj ?577

+ Cæj ujvvtlr alv~jcgv8

+ Cæj ujvvtlr lc~rôdv8

+ Dqlv~lr nldrvgv föulgv ng kjiìftig nd NCG dk fgng kl~jfþcnrlg) j wtd udrkl~d wtd cg

kdvkg fìitig dqlv~gk nlbdrdc~dv gidijv ugrg j kdvkj `dcd8

+ Cæj vjbrdr urjfdvvjv nd frjvvlc`+jdr 8

+ ^dr tkg ~gqg nd kt~gàæj ktl~j kglv didgng nj wtd j NCG ctfidgr !fdrfg nd 75 d}dv

kglv,) tkg d} wtd vd dcfjc~rg kglv dqujv~j gjv rgnlfglv ilrdv nd jql`ìclj) bgi~gcnj+iad

l`tgikdc~d gv dc}lkgv nd rdugrgàæj nj NCG ctfidgr#

UG_ÏKD^_JV NCG CTFIDG_ NCG KL^JFJCN_LGI

Ijfgil}gàæjCj cýfidj ng fìitig) urj~d`lnj

udig kdkorgcg ctfidgrCgv kl~jfþcnrlgv) urj~d`lngvudig kdkorgcg kl~jfjcnrlgi

Fjcbjrkgàæj Ntuig aìilfd Ntuig bl~g flrftigr

Kdfgclvkj ndurj~dfàæj

Urj~d`lnj ujr alv~jcgv Ndvurjlnj nd alv~jcgv

Cµ nd @dcdv 755 555 `dcdv 60 `dcdv

Btcfljcgkdc~j Gt~öcjkj Cdfdvvl~g ng fjjudrgr fjk jNCG ctfidgr

Fjkujvlàæj_d`lôdv fjnlblfgc~dv !dqôdv, d

cæj fjnlblfgc~dv !lc~rôdv,<5$ NCG fjnlblfgc~d

Fgrgf~drëv~lfgv nj`dcjkg

@dcjkg nluiölnd !kg~drcj*ug~drcj, ‖ vjbrd rdfjkolcgàæj

@dcjkg aguiölnd !adrgcàgkg~drcg, ‖ cæj vjbrd

rdfjkolcgàæj

Cµ nd ugrdv nd ogvdv Oliaôdv nd ugrdv nd ogvdv 72 42< ugrdv nd ogvdv

Gf~llngnd ndUjilkdrgvdv

@rgcnd Brgfg

Vlv~dkg nd rdugrjUrdvdc~d Gtvdc~d

^gqg nd djitàæjUdwtdcg 75 q kgljr wtd g ctfidgr

Cµ nd NCG ujr fìitig7 7 555 g 75 555




GUILFGÀÆJ NJ NCG KL^JFJCN_LGI

J NCG kl~jfjcnrlgi ~dk vlnj dv~tngnj fjk j lc~tl~j nd lcdv~l`gr ilcag`dcv ktl~j gc~l`gv)

d gf~tgikdc~d ogv~g tk ujtfj nd vgilg ugrg blfgr g vgodr wtglv gv cjvvgv jrl`dcv) wtdk bjrgk d

jcnd ldrgk jv cjvvjv gc~dugvvgnjv#

Gvvlk) vgod+vd gf~tgikdc~d wtd) å kdnlng wtd gv ujutigàôdv atkgcgv vd dqugcnlrgk d

nlv~rlotërgk ujr nldrvgv rd`lôdv `dj`rçblfgv) bjrgk jfjrrdcnj udwtdcgv grlgàôdv cj vdt

`dcjkg# Dv~gv grlgàôdv bjrgk ~rgcvkl~lngv nd `drgàæj dk `drgàæj d udrkl~dk+cjv ajmd) g~rgìv

nd tk vlkuidv ~dv~d nd GNC) ~rgàgr gv rj~gv kl`rg~örlgv njv cjvvjv gc~dugvvgnjv#

Jv dv~tnjv nd gcfdv~rgilngnd `dcì~lfg gf~tglv ogvdlgk+vd cg gcçilvd nd njlv ~lujv nlv~lc~jv

nd NCG) j NCG kl~jfjcnrlgi d j frjkjvvjkg \#

DRG KL^JFJCN_LGI D GNÆJ F_JKJVVJKLGI \

J fjcfdl~j Dg Kl~jfjcnrlgi vtr`lt nj bgf~j nd j NCG kl~jfjcnrlgi vdr gudcgv ~rgcvkl~lnj

ujr lg kg~drcg) ugrg giìk nd wtd udrkgcdfdr lkt~çdlv ntrgc~d gcjv) vdcnj gvvlk nd ý~li

lndc~lblfgàæj ugrg g djitàæj ngv dvuìfldv#

Cæj ì ujvvëdi dcfjc~rgr+vd ilcagv `dcì~lfgv gc~drljrdv å ’Dg kl~jfjcnrlgi‛) j wtd bd} fjk

wtd jv fldc~lv~gv fad`gvvdk å fjcfitvæj wtd g çrjrd bliö`dcì~lfg nd ~jng g Atkgclngnd) jt vdmg)

nd ~jngv gv udvvjgv cj ktcnj) ~drç ugr~lnj nd tkg ktiadr wtd ~drç llnj aç fdrfg nd ?55 kli

gcjv g~rçv cg gf~tgi D~löulg# Gudvgr ngv kt~gàôdv d njv nlbdrdc~dv NCG kl~jfjcnrlglv dqlv~dc~dv

dk ~jnj j ktcnj) ktl~jv ndbdcndk wtd dv~g ~drç vlnj g ’gö nd ~jnjv jv atkgcjv‛#

Ujv~drljrkdc~d) gj ijc`j nj ~dkuj) bjrgk vtr`lcnj) dvujrgnlfgkdc~d) kt~gàôdv cj GNC

kl~jfjcnrlgi) wtd ugvvgrgk g vdr ~rgcvkl~lngv nd `drgàæj dk `drgàæj# Å kdnlng wtd g ujutigàæj

atkgcg gcfdv~rgi vd dqugcnlg) udwtdcjv `rtujv ujutigfljcglv kl`rggk d fjijcl}ggk cjjv

~drrl~örljv) ~dcnj udrkgcdflnj lvjignjv# Bjrgk gvvlk gftktigcnj nlbdrdcàgv `dcì~lfgv dk

rdigàæj å ujutigàæj jrl`lcçrlg# Fgng `rtuj `dcì~lfj ì fgrgf~drl}gnj ujr tk nd~drklcgnj udrbli ndkt~gàôdv cj vdt GNC kl~jfjcnrlgi# Væj ajmd fjcadflnjv kglv nd 65 `rtujv nd GNC kl~jfjcnrlgi)

ndvl`cgnjv ujr id~rgv nj gibgod~j nd G g ]) vdcnj wtd fgng `rtuj ujnd lcfitlr çrljv vto`rtujv#

Dcwtgc~j g gcçilvd nj GNC kl~jfjcnrlgi rddig g gcfdv~rgilngnd ujr lg kg~rliëcdg) j dv~tnj

nj frjkjvvjkg \ ndvdcng j ugvvgnj ujr lg ug~rliëcdg# Cdv~d fgvj) udcvg+vd wtd tk ajkdk

gbrlfgcj) ajköij`j g Dg) wtd ~drç llnj å fdrfg nd <5 kli gcjv g~rçv) ujvvtëg j frjkjvvjkg \

wtd ugvvjt nd `drgàæj dk `drgàæj ujr ilcag`dcv `dcì~lfgv kgvftilcgv g~ì gjv nlgv wtd ajmd)

vdcnj wtd ~jnjv jv ~lujv nd frjkjvvjkgv \ dqlv~dc~dv gf~tgikdc~d ndvfdcndrgk ndv~d



Uç`lcg > nd 1 + ¬ Fju|rl`a~ Kgrlvg Kliagcj ?577

urlkjrnlgi frjkjvvjkg# ^gi fjkj j GNC kl~jfjcnrlgi) jv nlbdrdc~dv udrblv nd GNC nj

frjkjvvjkg \ væj figvvlblfgnjv vd`tlcnj tkg cjkdcfig~trg wtd jv ndvl`cg udigv id~rgv nj

gibgod~j nd G g ^#

ALUÖ^DVDV ND DRJITÀÆJ D KL@_GÀÆJ ATKGCGV

Fjk ogvd cg gcçilvd nj NCG kl~jfjcnrlgi) odk fjkj dk ngnjv urjdcldc~dv nd jt~rjv

rgkjv ng flícflg) fjkj g ugidjc~jij`lg) gnkl~d+vd wtd g gcfdv~rgilngnd ng dvuìfld atkgcg rgnlfg

dk Çbrlfg#

KJNDIJ KTI^L_D@LJCGI JT ND FJC^LCTLNGND

+ Kjndij igr`gkdc~d ndvdcjilnj ujr Klibjrn Pjiujbb d Gigc ^ajrd dk 7<>6#

Dv~d kjndij nd djitàæj ndbdcnd wtd) ndujlv ng nlvudrvæj nj Ajkj Drdf~tv) dv~dv

ujvvtëgk `dcdv vtblfldc~dv d vl`clblfg~ljv ugrg wtd kdvkj nlvudrvgnjv) djitëvvdk ugrg Ajkj

Vguldcv) gngu~gnjv åv fjcnlàôdv nj kdlj jcnd vd dcfjc~rggk kgv vdk wtd vd dvudflblfgvvdk#

Rlv~j dv~d kjndij fjijfgr g aluö~dvd nd tkg djitàæj idc~g d urj`rdvvlg nd dvuìfldv ajklcëndjv

gc~drljrdv gj Ajkj Vguldcv ujr lc~drfrt}gkdc~jv) ì tkg ~djrlg ogvdgng dk ngnjv

ugidjc~jiö`lfjv wtd bjrgk vdcnj dcfjc~rgnjv#

Gr`tkdc~jv dcfjc~rgnjv g bgjr ndv~d kjndij=

Ndvfjodr~g nd tk frïclj fjk fgrgf~drëv~lfgv ~gc~j nd Ajkj Vguldcv fjkj nd Ajkj

Drdf~tv fjk kglv nd 755 555 gcjv# !kgljr urjg dk wtd vd ogvdlgk ugrg rdig~grdk j bitqj

`dcì~lfj wtd ujndrç ~dr dqlv~lnj dc~rd dv~gv ntgv dvuìfldv,#

Bjl ~gkoìk dcfjc~rgng dk Ujr~t`gi tk bövvli fjk ?4 555 gcjv nd tk frlgcàg nd > gcjv

wtd gurdvdc~g ~gkoìk g klv~trg nd fgrgf~drëv~lfgv dc~rd gv ntgv dvuìfldv#

Jfjrrícflgv nd tkg kt~gàæj nd tk `dcd nd gcdklg bgiflbjrkd dc~rd gcfdv~rglv mç

agol~gc~dv cg Dtrjug d jv cjjv kjndrcjv lcnjv nd Çbrlfg# !vtujr~gcnj gvvlk g ~djrlg nj

frt}gkdc~j ngv dvuìfldv,#

Gr`tkdc~jv fjc~rg dv~d kjndij=

Dqlv~dk nldrvgv bgiagv g çrljv cëdlv cjv bövvdlv dcfjc~rgnjv d cj vdt ~rg~gkdc~j d

ng~gàæj wtd ujndk cæj vdr fjcfitvljv wtgc~j åv dlnícflgv wtd urjgk#




J bgf~j nd ~dr dqlv~lnj djitàæj ugrgidig nd çrlgv dvuìfldv ujnd idgr g lc~drurd~gàôdv

rgflv~gv ng ~djrlg#

Gv dlnícflgv idgngv g fgoj ujr dv~d kjndij cæj æj nd dcfjc~rj fjk jv urlcfëuljv

dv~tngnjv ujr Ngrplc#

Lkurjogolilngnd nd cæj dqlv~lr tkg vjordujvlàæj d njklcïcflg dc~rd dvuìfldv mç wtd ì

gi`j wtd gfjc~dfd g ~jnjv jv cëdlv cg cg~trd}g#

’JT^ JB GB_LFG‛ JT KJNDIJ ND VTOV^L^TLÀÆJ

+ ^djrlg nd 7<10) ndvdcjilng ujr _dodffg Fgcc#

Ogvdlg+vd urlcflugikdc~d dk bgf~jv `dcì~lfjv# G ~djrlg gujc~g wtd ndujlv ng kl`rgàæj nj

Ajkj Drdf~tv) gugrdfdt dc~æj dk Çbrlfg) ujr ji~g nd aç ?55 555 ‖ 755 555 gcjv) jt~rg dvuìfld

kglv ggcàgng) Ajkj Vguldcv wtd bjl vtov~l~tlcnj gv ujutigàôdv dqlv~dc~dv nd Ajkj Drdf~tv g

wtgcnj ng vtg kl`rgàæjk vdk wtd ajtdvvdk vl`clblfg~lgv ~rjfgv nd `dcdv# Gfrdnl~gk ~gkoìk

wtd gv grlgàôdv rd`ljcglv væj gi`j ogv~gc~d rdfdc~d#

Jv dv~tnjv bdl~jv fjk ogvd cdv~g ~djrlg væj dvvdcflgikdc~d g cëdi nj NCG kl~jfjcnrlgi)

t~lil}gcnj 7>4 gkjv~rgv nd çrljv ujc~jv nj uigcd~g= Çbrlfg vto+vglgrgcg8 Çvlg8 Dtrjug) Cjr~d nd

Çbrlfg d Kìnlj Jrldc~d8 Gtv~rçilg d Ugutg Cjg+@tlcì#

Dv~g ~djrlg ndbdcnd wtd jv atkgcjv kjndrcjv gugrdfdrgk å fdrfg nd 715 555 ‖ <5 555

gcjv dk Çbrlfg d vd dvugiagrgk udij rdv~j nj ktcnj# Dv~d ì j kjndij kglv gfdl~d gf~tgikdc~d)

dqgf~gkdc~d ndlnj gjv dv~tnjv bdl~jv g cëdi nj NCG kl~jfjcnrlgi#

Gr`tkdc~jv g bgjr=

+ Dv~tnj bdl~j g 4 ujutigàôdv nlv~lc~gv bd} fjk wtd vd fad`gvvd å fjcfitvæj nd wtd dqlv~d

kgljr grlgolilngnd `dcì~lfg dk Çbrlfg nj wtd cjv jt~rjv fjc~lcdc~dv ujndcnj gvvlk lcnlfgr wtd gjrl`dk ng dvuìfld urjdlj ndv~d kdvkj fjc~lcdc~d#

Bjrgk dcfjc~rgnjv bövvdlv nd atkgcjv kjndrcjv dk Çbrlfg nj Vti d cg D~löulg ng~gnjv

nd aç 7?5 555 gcjv#

Cjgv dvuìfldv fjv~tkgk vtr`lr dk ujutigàôdv udwtdcgv d lvjigngv) gfdc~tgcnj g

nldrvlngnd ̀ dcì~lfg#

Gr`tkdc~jv ndvbgjrçdlv=

Lcnëfljv nj frt}gkdc~j nd Ajkj Vguldcv d Ajkj Drdf~tv g~ì g`jrg dcfjc~rgnjv#




Cæj ì ujvvëdi fjkugrgr g lc~dil`ícflg nd gkogv gv dvuìfldv ugrg wtd vd ujvvg gblrkgr

vtudrljrlngnd lc~didf~tgi ujr ugr~d nj Ajkj Vguldcv#

G kgljr grlgàæj `dcì~lfg dcfjc~rgng dk Çbrlfg ujnd vl`clblfgr kgljr ujutigàæj d cæj

kgljr gc~l`tlngnd#

Aç wtdk glcng ndbdcng tk ~drfdlrj kjndij ogvdgnj dk gi`tcv bgf~jv njv ? kjndijv

gc~drljrdv#

J UG^_LKÖCLJ @DCÌ^LFJ UJ_^T@TÍV

G dvfgig ~dkujrgi ngv lc~drgfàôdv `dcì~lfgv dv~ç ilkl~gng udig ~gqg nd kt~gàæj# J bgf~j nd

tkg ~gqg nd kt~gàæj vdr ktl~j oglqg ì odcìblfj g cëdi lcnllntgi ujrwtd g kt~gàæj ujnd vdr

ug~jiö`lfg# Cj wtd nl} rdvudl~j å @dcì~lfg Ujutigfljcgi) tkg oglqg ~gqg nd kt~gàæj bg} fjk wtd

vdmg ujvvëdi lcbdrlr) fjk kgljr vd`trgcàg) tk ugvvgnj ijc`ëcwtj vjord g jrl`dk ngv ujutigàôdv#

Fjc~tnj) ì ktl~j kglv nlbëfli digojrgr fjcfitvôdv vd`trgv wtgc~j å Alv~örlg rdfdc~d) ujlv gv

ilcag`dcv ~ík nd ~dr ~dkuj ugrg gftktigr nldrvlngnd nd kjnj g vdrdk nlbdrdcflçdlv d)

fjcvdwtdc~dkdc~d) ng~çdlv# Dv~g ilkl~gàæj fjcnlfljcg ktl~j gv fjcfitvôdv wtd vd ujndk ~lrgr g

cëdi `dcì~lfj ngv kl`rgàôdv rdfdc~dv cg ujutigàæj ujr~t`tdvg# D dv~gv fjcfitvôdv væj ~gc~j kglv

nlbëfdlv wtgc~j kglv uröqlkgv `dcd~lfgkdc~d væj gv ujutigàôdv nd jrl`dk d nd ndv~lcj ngv

kl`rgàôdv#

Kdvkj gvvlk) bjl ujvvëdi fjcfitlr+vd wtd gv urlcfluglv lcbitícflgv `dcì~lfgv dk Ujr~t`gi

urjík kgljrl~grlgkdc~d nj Cjr~d nd Çbrlfg d nd gi`tkgv }jcgv nj Kdnl~drrïcdj) vdcnj gv kglv

ndv~gfgngv gv lcbitícflgv dvfrggv !urjdcldc~dv njv dvfrgjv, d gv kjtrgv !urjdcldc~dv njv

fjcwtlv~gnjrdv çrgodv,#

Fjc~rgrlgkdc~d gj wtd vdrlg dvudrgnj udig vtg ujvlàæj brjc~dlrlàg) Ujr~t`gi gurdvdc~g tkg

didgng nldrvlngnd `dcì~lfg# D kdvkj gvvlk cæj vd dcfjc~rg cdcatkg ilcag`dk dk Ujr~t`gi

wtd ~dcag ~lnj mç j ~dkuj vtblfldc~d ugrg gftktigr nldrvlngnd) ugrg g ~jrcgr nlbdrdcflçdi# Dv~dv

ngnjv ugrdfdk gujc~gr dc~æj ugrg rdfdc~dv d fjcvdft~lgv dc~rgngv nd çrlgv nldrvlngndv

`dcì~lfgv ugrg j cjvvj ugëv) urlcflugikdc~d guöv g ìujfg njv Ndvfjorlkdc~jv#

Nd wtgiwtdr bjrkg) bjl ujvvëdi ndvfjorlr+vd wtgi j kgljr aguij`rtuj dk Ujr~t`gi= j

aguij`rtuj A# Dv~d aguij`rtuj) ndvfjorlt+vd rdfdc~dkdc~d) giìk nd vdr glcng ktl~j nldrvj) ~drç

vtr`lnj nd ntgv ilcag`dcv nlbdrdc~dv) j aguij`rtuj I d j aguij`rtuj T2#




GV ILCAG@DCV VTOVG_LGCGV

Gv ilcag`dcv vtovgrlgcgv dk Ujr~t`gi urjík urlcflugikdc~d ng cjvvg gvvjflgàæj d

lc~drgfàæj fjk jv dvfrgjv) wtd urdnjklcgrgk cj cjvvj ugëv ndvnd j vìftij QR g~ì gj vìftij

QRLLL) gi~trg dk wtd g dvfrgg~trg bjl gojilng dk Ujr~t`gi# Dv~dv dvfrgjv drgk kgljrl~grlgkdc~d

urjdcldc~dv ng @tlcì+Olvvgt) nd Væj ^jkì d Urëcflud) nd Fgoj Rdrnd) nd Gc`jig d nd

Kjàgkolwtd) d nd gi`tcv ugëvdv vl~tgnjv goglqj nj Ndvdr~j nj Vggrg) udr~dcfdc~dv gj

aguij`rtuj I#

Dk Ujr~t`gi) dv~g ilcag`dk ujvvtl tkg brdwtícflg wtd g~lc`d jv 6$ cj Cjr~d) 2$ cj Fdc~rj

d 77$ cj Vti) dcwtgc~j cg Kgndlrg fad`g gjv 76$) d cjv Gàjrdv gjv 6$# Gv }jcgv fjk kgljr

udrfdc~g`dk væj gwtdigv jcnd g gbitícflg nd dvfrgjv bjl kgljr# Dv~g brdwtícflg nj aguij`rtuj I)

dkojrg gugrdc~dkdc~d udwtdcg) ì g kgljr ng Dtrjug#

GV ILCAG@DCV KJT_GV

Udcvg+vd wtd gv ilcag`dcv kjtrgv urdvdc~dv dk Ujr~t`gi urjík urlcflugikdc~d ntk ujj

çrgod+odrodrd wtd fjcwtlv~jt d agol~jt g Udcëcvtig Loìrlfg ndvnd j vìftij RLL g~ì kdgnjv nj

vìftij QLL# Dv~d ujj çrgod+odrodrd) urjdcldc~d nj Cjr~d nd Çbrlfg) udr~dcfd gj aguij`rtuj T2

wtd) dkojrg urdvdc~d cg ujutigàæj ujr~t`tdvg) vd dcfjc~rg gtvdc~d cj rdv~j ng Dtrjug#

Cj Cjr~d nd Çbrlfg) gf~tgikdc~d) dv~d aguij`rtuj rdurdvdc~g dc~rd 75$ g ?5$ ng

ujutigàæj) dcwtgc~j dk Ujr~t`gi gudcgv g~lc`d jv 4$ cj Cjr~d) 6$ cj Fdc~rj) ?$ cj Vti) d dc~rd

7)0$ g 6)<$ cjv Gàjrdv d cg Kgndlrg#

Dqlv~d tkg `rgcnd grldngnd nd ilcag`dcv T2 dk Ujr~t`gi) vdcnj dv~gv ktl~j nldr`dc~dv

dc~rd vl) j wtd ugrdfd lcnlfgr tkg dc~rgng rdfdc~d cg ujutigàæj# Gvvlk) gvvtklt+vd wtd dv~g vd

nddvvd gj njkëclj çrgod wtd jfjrrdrg cj cjvvj ugëv#

Fjc~tnj) j `rgnldc~d nd brdwtícflgv ì j jujv~j gj wtd vdrlg nd dvudrgr) ngng g kglv bjr~d dijc`g lcbitícflg lviïklfg cj Vti nj cjvvj ugëv# Dc~æj) fjkj vd ujndrlg dquilfgr tkg kgljr

brdwtícflg nd ilcag`dcv cjr~d+gbrlfgcgv cj Cjr~d nd Ujr~t`gi:

Tkg aluö~dvd gujc~g ugrg g ujvvlolilngnd nd j cýkdrj nd frt}gkdc~jv dc~rd çrgodv d

ujr~t`tdvdv ~dr vlnj kgljr cj Cjr~d nj wtd cj Vti# Jt~rg aluö~dvd vt`drd wtd ujvvg ~dr aglnj

tkg kl`rgàæj glcng kglv gc~l`g wtd j njkëclj çrgod nj vìftij RLL) jt dc~æj wtd ~dcag aglnj

çrlgv kl`rgàôdv gj ijc`j nj ~dkuj) dc~rd @lorgi~gr d Fdt~g) d wtd jv fjc~gf~jv dc~rd jv njlv

ignjv ~dcagk vlnj fjc~ëctjv d brdwtdc~dv#




Ujr blk) tkg ~drfdlrg aluö~dvd urjuôd wtd) ujr gv ~drrgv nj Cjr~d vdrdk kdcjv bìr~dlv)

dv~gv ~dcagk vlnj g~rlotëngv gjv odrodrdv) blfgcnj jv çrgodv fjk gv ~drrgv nj Vti) kglv bìr~dlv d

rdc~çdlv#

FJCFITVÆJ

J NCG ì tkg dvuìfld nd ilrj jcnd dv~ç dvfrl~g g alv~örlg nd fgng tk nd cöv d njv cjvvjv

gc~dugvvgnjv# Dv~tnjv fldc~ëblfjv ndkjcv~rgrgk wtd g~rgìv ng gcçilvd nj NCG kl~jfjcnrlgi !wtd

ugvvg ngv kædv ugrg jv bliajv, d ~gkoìk nj frjkjvvjkg \ !wtd ugvvg njv uglv ugrg jv bliajv nj

vdqj kgvftilcj, ì ujvvëdi fjcadfdr gv rj~gv kl`rg~örlgv njv cjvvjv gc~dugvvgnjv) vl~tgcnj+jv cj

dvugàj d cj ~dkuj#

Gvvlk) d nd gfjrnj fjk jv dv~tnjv kglv rdfdc~dv) j Ajkdk kjndrcj ~dd jrl`dk dk

Çbrlfg) aç gurjqlkgngkdc~d ?55 kli gcjv# G ugr~lr ndv~g rd`læj) gv urlkdlrgv ujutigàôdv atkgcgv

fjkdàgrgk g kl`rgr) gfgogcnj ujr fjijcl}gr ~jnj j uigcd~g#

Gj dv~tngrkjv g cjvvg gcfdv~rgilngnd `dcì~lfg) fgng tk nd cöv gl ndvfjorlr ujjv fjk

nlbdrdc~dv fti~trgv) rdil`lôdv d g~ì rgàgv# Ì cjvvj nddr nlti`gr dv~d fjcadflkdc~j d ~jrcç+ij

gfdvvëdi g ~jnj j Ktcnj#

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