healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2: industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

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Healing Whole Communities Tar Creek Beyond Superfund through Integrative Sustainability Design Ivan Weber – Weber Sustainability Consulting – Salt Lake City, Utah

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'Industrial ecology' is key to design methods to 'heal' this region, severely polluted over hundreds of square miles by historical mining activities. Biogeochemical engineering methods are known and available, but EPA and the affected states will not marshall the will to act with resources that will benefit residents.

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Page 1: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Healing Whole Communities

Tar Creek Beyond Superfund  through Integrative 

Sustainability Design

Ivan  Weber –

Weber Sustainability Consulting – Salt Lake City, Utah

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Tar Creek among ‘Legacies’

Community Integrative Design Problem on  truly grand scale

• > 500,000 abandoned mines in US• None exceeds devastation of NE Oklahoma ‘Tar 

Creek’

Superfund area –

“Superfund No. 1”• Recipient of > a century of lead‐zinc mining impacts:  

toxic wastes, acid/metals water, collapse‐prone  ground

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Legacies almost Countless

• Clear‐cut forests, Appalachia and the West

• Wetlands drained almost completely

• Toxic compounds found in every living  organism

• ‘Mountain‐top’

coal mining in Appalachia

• Climate Change

Page 4: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Orr, again:

• “This is a design challenge like no other.  It is  not about making greener widgets but how to 

make decent communities that fit their places  with elegant frugality.  The issue is whether 

the emerging field of ecological design will  evolve as a set of design skills applied as 

patchwork solutions on a larger pattern of  disorder or whether design will eventually  help to transform the larger culture that is  badly in need of a reformation.”

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Integrative Processes 

Regenerative Redevelopment Essentials:• Political Power• Intercultural Cooperation• Economic Creativity• Finance• Compassion• Humility• Inclusive, Integrative Processes ‐‐‐

all appropriate 

disciplines, stakeholders• Design 

Page 6: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Oklahoma’s Tar Creek:  Part of Larger  Tri‐State Pb‐Zn Mining District

KS

OK

MOTri‐State 

District

Page 7: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Location: Tri‐State Pb‐Zn Mining District  ca. 1850‐1970  ~ 2,500 Sq. Mi.

KS

OKMO

Tri‐ State

Mining District

Tar Creek  Superfund Site

( )

Page 8: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Great Diversity of Peoples in a Fertile,  Dangerous Land

• Lush native prairie grasslands on rolling hills• Dense oak and riparian forests• Close relationship with rivers, wildlife and 

shell art appearing in archeological and  historical record

• Abundant living for Indigenous Peoples before  European Settlement

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Tar Creek Region:  Home to 10 Native  American Tribes 

• Quapaw• Peoria• Cherokee• Miami

• Ottawa

• Eastern Shawnee• Wyandotte

• Modoc

• Seneca Cayuga• Shawnee

Page 10: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

THE TRIBES OF TAR CREEK ‐

1

Modoc

Ottawa

Eastern Shawnee

Page 11: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

THE TRIBES OF TAR CREEK ‐

2

Miami

Peoria

Shawnee

Page 12: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

THE TRIBES OF TAR CREEK ‐

3

Seneca‐CayugaCherokee

Wyandotte

Page 13: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

THE TRIBES OF TAR CREEK ‐

4

Quapaw

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Approximate Tribal Boundaries – Tar  Creek Region

MIAMI QUAPA

W

PEORIA

OTTAWAEAST.SHAWNEE

MODOC

WYANDOTTE

SENECA‐CAYUGA

CHEROKEE

Kansas

Oklahoma

Missouri

Quapaw lands were most ‘mineralized,’most heavily mined, and are site of muchof mining’s direct 

legacy.  Watershed 

effects have spread 

beyond, onto other 

Tribes’

lands.

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Mining’s Progress

• Missouri – Lead‐Zinc mining from 1740s, began  ca. 1850 in ‘Oronogo‐Duenweg’

area east of 

Joplin, in Jasper County• Kansas – Pb‐Zn mining 1870s onward to ca. 1970 

in Cherokee County• Oklahoma –

1890s  ~ 1978, Pb‐Zn 

mining/smelting concentrated on Quapaw Tribal  lands, Ottawa County

• ‘Strategic Metals’

area, munitions for American  wars depended on Tri‐State lead and zinc.

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Tri‐State Lead for Projectiles, Zinc for Brass:  America’s Wars, Civil War – Viet Nam

Civil War

WWI

WWII

Korea

Viet  Nam

Page 17: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Tar Creek Superfund Area 

Page 18: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Tar Creek:  Extreme Barriers to  Regenerating Communities and Lands

• 130 years of neglect  Environmental and Socio‐Economic Sacrifice Zone

• Many Divisions:  Ten First Nations Tribes, Two EPA  Regions, Three States, many Counties and Municipalities

• Pollution extensive and severe.• Geographical context:  Dead zone in what should be 

biologically, agriculturally and economically productive  area

• No “deep pockets”

‐‐‐

Companies have vacated  responsibilities or ceased to exist.

• Superfund has been feeble or abdicated.• Environmental justice has not been served, by any 

measure.

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Picher, OK

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Homes,  Businesses, 

Towns among  Mining Wastes  and 

Contaminated  Water

April, 2004 TIME

aerial, 

Picher, OK

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Can we leave it like this?

• David Orr:  Environmental problems  come from miscalibration of intentions.  

• But can’t “intentions”

become calibrated  to regenerative redevelopment, safe 

housing, vibrant towns, and ecological  restoration? 

• Can’t  intentions be initiated, ramped up  and maintained into a sustainable future  for places like Tar Creek?

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Tar Creek Superfund Site:   Approx. 40 Sq. Mi.

KS

OK MO

Joplin

Picher

Quapaw

Commerce

Miami

Baxter Springs

Galena

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How Did Tar Creek Become Such a  Mess?  History Informs Action

• Legacies:– Poisoned Water:  Ground water filled mines, became 

acidic & metals‐laden, Emerged to surface waters  in  Tri‐State’s topo low area, NE Oklahoma, beginning ~ 

1979.  Tar Creek, Neosho River watershed, Grand  Lake of the Cherokees contaminated

– Mine Waste:  Millions of tons of ‘chat’

(pulverized ore  remnants, some with lead content up to 15%, high 

zinc & cadmium) remains on surface

– Unstable Ground:  Surface subsidence and cave‐ins  common over shallow underground mines

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Acid‐Metals Contaminated Tar Creek

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Sinkholes and Acid

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Mine Shafts Disgorge Pervasive Acid  Waters

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100 million tons + of ‘Chat’

Lead‐Bearing  Milling Waste:  Region’s Dangerous Playground 

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…With Predictable Health  Consequences

• Pervasively high child blood‐lead levels • Asthma rates abnormally high

• Diabetes reportedly >40% among Quapaw

• Learning disabilities common

• High blood pressure• Apparently elevated cancer rate

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Productivity of Land Devastated

• Once Productive, Tar Creek area now cannot be  cultivated

• Unsafe for Gardening• Agriculture has not been possible for Decades• Pervasive Airborne Smelting/Refining Pollution 

and Lead‐Rich Dust

• Forests Cut for Mine Timbers (well into Ozarks to  east and southeast)

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We propose the following  Regenerative Approach to Tar Creek:

! Understanding ‘Place,’

Culturally, Ecologically,  Economically

! Envisioning an integrative process of holistic,  creative stimuli to regenerative ‘eco‐economic’

activity! Applying community/place‐centered, industrial 

ecology methodologies ‐‐‐

encouraging what can be  strong in order to remedy what is deficient and 

weak.! Recognizing that it is a design problem, a public 

financial problem, a political problem, an  intercultural problem ‐‐‐

but not just

the 

technological problem as it has been made out to  be

Page 31: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Regenerative Redevelopment  Vocabulary

• ‘Sustainability’

Ability to Sustain:  by Design• Restoration – Seek Endpoint resembling 

predecessor condition• Regeneration – Seek Dynamic, Sustainable 

Condition• Redevelopment – Focus on Sustainable Human 

Economies as Most Effective Path toward  Sustainable Ecology of ‘Place’

envisioned by 

residents of the Place• Regenerative Redevelopment

Page 32: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

First Steps:•Environmental and Ecological Engineering ‐

Stabilize 

from Danger•Control Sources of Toxic Hazards•‘Re‐Set’

Ecological Succession, Restorative Processes

•Reclaim where Appropriate•Seize Control of Acid Water Seeps,Flows at EffectiveREGIONAL and LOCAL Scales (i.e.,Do what it takes)

Chat ‘Crater’, Picher 

OK

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Next Steps:

• Assess Economy and Present  Interrelationships, Politics

• Recognize Barriers and Damaged  Attributes 

• Identify Strengths, Latent Resources• Apply ‘INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY’

Principles 

Page 34: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Industrial Ecology  ‐

Sustainable  Economies Mimic Ecosystems

Principles of Ecology:• “Energy

(from Sun) is the currency of the 

economy of Nature.  Energy relationships  dictate community structure.”

F. Montague, 

“Environment Notebook”

and text “Wa‐Maka‐Skan”, U. of Utah

• Matter

cannot be created or destroyed. • Nutrients cycle: used by organisms and 

returned to environment. • Trophic structure is established as energy 

and nutrients flow through community  hierarchies of organisms.

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Ecology and Economies:  both seek stable  interrelationships among community 

members & natural systems/beings

SUN ENERGY

ECOSYSTEM ECONOMY

GREEN PLANTS

HERBIVORES

CARNI‐VORES

TOP CARNIVORES

PRIMARY INDUSTRIES

MANUFACTURER S

FAB‐DISTRIB‐SALES

CONSUMERS

Page 36: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Community‐Focused Industrial Ecology

• Sustainable Jobs for Productive Regeneration  & Ecological Restoration

• Can’t Wait for EPA, State or Others for  Ecological Restoration

• Only Reasonably Healthy, Content People  ‘Sustain’

their Environments.

• Sustainable Jobs Engender Stewardship.• Industrial Ecology’s Primary Tool:  Eco‐

Industrial Park

Page 37: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

EIP:  Eco‐Industrial Park

• Old Practice, New Realization• Communities of Businesses Cooperating for 

Environmental, Economic, and Technological  Performance Advantage

• EIP Demands Interdisciplinary, Inter‐ Organizational Cooperation, Planning, O&M 

and Finance• ‘Primary Producers’

Recruit ‘Niche’

Businesses

• Joint Marketing for Long‐Term Commitment

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EIP Metabolism and Purpose• Energy Flows Understood and Managed for 

Efficiency, Renewable Productivity

• Material Flows Constantly Analyzed for  Resource Opportunities, Material Recovery

• ‘Niche’

Users Recruited, With New Regional  Resource Utilizers

• EIP Strategic Planning Can Integrate  Restoration, Regeneration, Socio‐Economic 

and Community Goals and Objectives

Page 39: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Energy at the EIP Core

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

• Solar Energy in All Forms

• Wind, Geothermal, other Renewables

• Biomass Conversion, Biofuels, MSW‐to‐Energy

• Strengthen Agriculture by Crops & Ag Waste  Conversion

• Energy Efficiency within EIP • Energy Efficiency for Community and Region

• Energy Efficiency in All Design Projects

Page 40: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Integration:  Energy, Materials,  Ecosystems Recovery thru Economy

• ‘Integrated Biorefinery’

EIP Complex of  Industries, R&D and Complementary 

Businesses • Focus is on Full Range of Uses of Woody, Crop 

and Organic Wastes• Conversions Include Cellulose & Lignin‐to‐

Energy, Cellulose/Hemicellulose‐to‐Value‐ Added Chemicals, Fibrous Materials to Value‐

Added Architectural Products

Page 41: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

EIP:  Interdisciplinary‐Integrative: Every  Applicable Sustainability Discipline Required

• Environmental  Engineering

• Ecological Engineering• Geochemistry & 

Biogeochemistry• Agricultural Engineering• Agribusiness• Sustainable Forestry & 

Wood Sciences• Materials Sciences• Energy Sciences & 

Engineering

• Landscape Planning &  Design

• Urban Planning• Land Development & 

Finance• Economic Design & 

Geographic Analysis• Industrial Planning, Design 

& Engineering• Industrial Finance• Sustainable Architectural 

Planning & Design• Sustainable Construction

Page 42: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Green Design is Extended to Whatever  It Takes to ‘Get It Done’

• Green Design and Building is a Subset of  Sustainability ‐‐‐

a Core, Essential Subset!

• Community and Its ‘Place’

in  Regional/Historical Context Must be at Center

• We Must Find Ways to Design an Economy  Appropriate for Each Community in Need of  Regenerative Redevelopment and Ecological  Restoration

Page 43: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

High‐Performance Industries and  Communities

• HP – Axiomatic for EIP Facilities and  Surrounding Community

• ‘Greensburg Principle’:  Strive for best  possible performance in restoring distressed, 

damaged communities.• Housing development, Architectural 

restoration & Energy Efficiency Retrofits =  Basic Industries of Sustainable Economy

• Center HP Industries in EIP

Page 44: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

VISION:  Tar Creek Integrative EIP• Process

Toward Regenerative Strategies

• EIP Visioning & Regenerative Redevelopment

• Environmental

Remediation & Restoration

• Integrative Biorefinery Plan & Recruitment

• Sustainable Land/Industries Development,  Town Restoration, Housing Improvement

• Energy

Efficiency & Renewable Energy 

• Financial Investment for Regenerative  Redevelopment

Page 45: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

‘PROCESS’

Essential to Integrative  Design

• Process Envisioned and Managed by Residents  and Stakeholders

• Possibly Extend ‘Eco‐Charrette’‐Type  Facilitated Intensive Process

• All  Communities, Tribes, Governments,  Institutions, Corporations

• PATIENCE Essential:  Determined, not  Resigned Patience, to Establish Baseline 

Expectations at Outset, then Progress Toward  Long‐Term Productivity Regeneration 

Page 46: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

EIP Strategies• One EIP?  More than one?

• Inventory and Assess Assets and Opportunities– ID Existing Industries & Employers in Region’

– Inventory Regional Resources– Envision Sustainable Employment from Resources

– Inventory Unique Locational  and Cultural Attributes  & Opportunities

– ID Possible ‘Niche’

Enterprises

– ID Financial Support Mechanisms

• Formulate Recruitment Plan

Page 47: Healing wholecommunities weber_gc2b_v2:  Industrial ecology to repair and restore whole landscapes

Envision Primary and ‘Symbiotic’ Economic Activities

• Primary Industries (possible):  Biorefinery– Biomass Energy – Organic Waste, Municipal 

Waste, Ag Waste, Dedicated Crop Byproducts

– Biofuels, Value‐Added Cellulosic Chemicals

– Ag Fiber for Value‐Added Architectural Products  (‘Agriboard’

type panels, etc.)

– Soil Restoration Nutrients, Compost Amendments  for Land Productivity Restoration

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Envision Primary and ‘Symbiotic’ Economic Activities ‐

2

• Primary Industries (possible):  Re‐Mining  Metals and Best Utilization of Mine Wastes

• Primary Industries (possible):  Solar, Wind,  other Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

• Housing –

Efficient/Affordable

• Attractive Places Creation (Reverse the  Cancer)

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Environmental Remediation &  Restoration

• Restoration of Land and Waters to Healthful  Productivity:  Core Activity

• Creation of Safe, Efficient and Attractive Community  Infrastructure:  Core Activity

• Strategic Regional and Localized Water Clean‐Up  and AMD Prevention

• Sequester Chat:  Back into Mines, Use as Building  Aggregate, or Cap Safely

• Confirm Surface Safety:  Long‐Term Strategy for  Earth Support, Controlled Collapse, other Assurance 

of Firm Ground

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Restoration and Regeneration:  Tar  Creek is Target # 1

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Integrative Biorefinery Plan &  Recruitment

• Conceptualize Integration of Biorefinery  Activities over Development Schedule

• Match Activities to Market Development

• Secure Local/Regional Resources for StartUp• Initiate R&D for Critical Future Technologies • Recruit Primary Participants

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Sustainable Land/Industries &  Community Development

• Draft Iterative Landscape‐Scale Master Plan

• Assure that Other Strategies are Based on Plan• ID Key Areas to Return to ‘GreenField’

Status First

• Coordinate with Land Development Investment  Planning

• Watershed Planning Must Take Precedence

• Sustainable Agriculture Must Take Precedence

• Cluster EIP, Business and Town Developments to  Minimize Footprint, for Optimum Bio‐

Productivity

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Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy  Development

• Community Energy Efficiency Investment:  ESCos,  Government Programs, Incentive‐Based Programs  to Improve EE in Buildings

• LEED Everywhere @ ‘Greensburg Principle’

Levels

• Renewable Energy Integration• Solar‐Thermal & PV on Buildings

• District Heat• Secondary Water Systems:  Avoid ‘Engineering’

Water Needlessly (save energy!)

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Financial Investment for Regenerative  Redevelopment

• Establish Regional Regenerative Investment Funds

• Designate Area as Target for Investors• Mining Companies Should be Key Participants 

(without assurances)

• US Government MUST INVEST HEAVILY (Remember  Century of Wars)

• Focus On Clean, Sustainable Jobs• Always Mindful of Restoring and Regenerating 

Environment

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Financial Investment for Regenerative  Redevelopment ‐

2

• Cleaned Land Lender Verification and Liability Relief  ESSENTIAL

• Regional Redevelopment Fund/Authority• Business Incubator(s) and Recruitment Center• R&D and Grants‐Seeking Management Center• By‐Products Exchange and EIP Infrastructure 

Management for EIP Optimization• Environmental Assurance for Business Discipline:  

Zero‐Discharge/Zero‐Emissions Performance• ISO‐14000 Certification for EIP

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Conclusions:  Extending  Understandings of ‘Sustainable Design’

• Must Extend Capacities to Manage Integratively the Many  Disciplines Needed by ‘Tar Creek,’

Neighboring Sites, and 

Other Similar Areas. • Must Extend  Our Sensibilities Toward Assisting Damaged, 

Disadvantaged Communities and Landscapes.• Not About Us:  Must Direct Attention and ‘Intention’

Toward Picher and All the Other Towns, First Nations,  Communities and Regions , to Help Them to Help 

Themselves through Community Regenerative Design.• ‘Community‐Centered EIP’

Concept can Help Restore Pride 

of Place, a Regional Guiding Intelligence (across borders),  and a Unified Conscience about the Land.

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Tar Creek:  Voice of Devastated Lands,  Damaged Economies

Time April 2004

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Ivan Weber, Principal/OwnerLEED-AP / USGBC953 1st AvenueSalt Lake City, Utah 84103801-355-6863 / 801- 651-8841 [email protected] mwww.webersustain.com

The Green Man